x

ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ
2009 − 2017 cýK®o

xMŠ: ÄÑ“‰ŒÆêÆ©ÛýKCc5ý-uÄ:•£ • , JÝ•,ØŒ •Ø´é{ü. K.5

`ŒõÑ´ÌZ•£, OŽ4•!È©!?ê!¥Š½n!õ ¼êëY5Œ‡5 A Ñ´zc 7••£:,
• é SN. Ä“Œ p“ýKº‚†ê©ƒq, •´˜ ~„K., ƒé5`•¿Ø´éJ, K.©Ù
' þ!, 1 ª!•§|!õ‘ª!‚5˜m‚5C†!m Ä zcÑk, l{cœ¹5wýK-EÇ
$. Ïd, ïÆ •ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ ÓÆ, ES 㘽؇3e•£_:, ¡ES, Óž‡õ‰ SK?1â
õ, ØAT•´˜›84{cýK?1ïÄ.
y3"ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2018 cp“ê©!2016 cê©ýK, •HÖöJø, ýKJøŒue‡: 731534141@qq.com,
xؑa-.

®o: o
Ï®o: ¨Ø ! °
"Ø: º ! °
 ýK®o3 x‡&ú¯ÒÄu:

ŠO Öö, XJ\U•ù ýK®o, @Òr\k ýKux‰ xe‡ 731534141@qq.com, ·¬ÏL

EX ®o?ÈÑ5, •¤©•‰•ï
LAT , Óž x•é\ Áz La-! , duY²k•, ýK®o?ÈJ•
k†, •žÖö1µ• .

(é–ýK:

1. ýK, ¿Ø@o-‡, ‰ ¡ESâ´›‘ƒ . @@m©“ïÄ”ýK ¦ ES¡¡z! ¤¢ ¡ES,

• ´‡ÀJ˜ ·ÜgC ë•Ö, wnoH! ƒÕnU‹~, üUè .

2. ýKwC›c Òv , , ýK •Ø˜½´€¯, Ï•ùŒ±½¦·‚• ¡/ES!

3. vk‰Y ýK´-y·‚ØäÆS Äå! •ï´þ, vkŸo'ÏLgCãå g•Ñ5˜‡JK•4

<m% ¯ ! ‡rN ´: ES‡±Ö•Ì, ýK•9. ØU " ˜!

4. ïýK‰Y´š~زœ ÀJ! Ï•rýKÑtà ÒvkES Äå , ¤±@@ïýK‰Y <

•¬‰@oA‡K. XJš‡ïýK‰Y, xïƇ3›˜± .

5. ؇•w˜‡Æ ýK, O Æ •ww. Ï•õ„K’½v€?!

xMŠ:
†Ù ~~, ØXò ( . û½ •ï, Ò‡&¦ å, kOy ¢/j± .. sA‡ ;%‰˜‡¯
, §7,¬‰\£ , $–´\¿ŽØ ¯U!

1. kOy´ÆSÄå , ‡›½˜‡·ÜgC Oy(ØUõ•ØU ), ÃØ ºe…, 7L‡ ¤ U

Oy. Ž ? @Òk ¤²U Oy, ²U !

2. ¢, Ò´`‡lÄ: ‘ m©Æ, =¦{ü, •‡@@ýýà ˜H! ƒÕúpÃ$.

3. j± .Ò´±ƒ±ð, P4: 1zpöŒÊ›!

2w:
xêÆ©Û†p “ê•ï9 ‘§Œ±×£ýKmþ ‘è'5 x‡&ú¯Ò, ?1 ¶. 5u“
Œ‡êÆ©Û6†5 ®ŒÆ‡p “ê6Àª‘Ñkí!

2018 c 6 15 F

2
 8¹

1 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 4

2 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 6

3 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 8

4 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 10

5 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 12

6 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 14

7 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 16

8 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 18

9 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 20

10 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 22

11 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 23

12 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 25

13 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 26

14 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 28

15 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 30

16 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 31

17 ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 33

3
 1. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! ( K 15 ©)
1. ¦4•
√ √
q 
lim n+ n− n .
n→∞

1
2. y²¼ê y = sin x → 0 ž4•Ø•3.
x
! ( K 15 ©)
f (x) 3 [a, +∞) ¥ëY, ¿…•34• lim f (x) = l, l > f (a), é?¿ η ∈ (f (a), l), y²:
x→∞
(1) •3 c1 ∈ (a, +∞), ¦ f (c1 ) > η;
(2) •3 c2 ∈ (a, +∞), ¦ f (c2 ) = η.

n! ( K 15 ©)
1. f (x), g(x) 3 [a, b] þëY, 3 (a, b) ¥Œ , f 0 (x) > g 0 (x), x ∈ (a, b), q f (a) = g(a). y²:

f (x) > g(x), a < x 6 b;

2. y²:
x2
ex > 1 + x + ,
2
3 (0, +∞) þ¤á.

o! ( K 15 ©)
√
5
1. $^˜ ¼ê ‡©OŽ 32.16 CqŠ;
2. $^ VúªOŽþ¡¦ CqŠ ýéØ .

Ê! ( K 15 ©)
f (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) þëY, …± T •±Ï, y²:
(1) ¼ê
Z T Z x
x
F (x) = f (t)dt − f (t)dt,
T 0 0

•´± T •±Ï ¼ê;

(2) y²
Z x Z T
1 1
lim f (t)dt = f (t)dt.
x→+∞ x 0 T 0

8! ( K 15 ©)
y = f (x) 3 [a, b] þëY, …Ø´~¼ê. y²:
(1) M Ú m ©O• f 3 [a, b] ¥ •ŒŠÚ• Š, K
Z b
m(b − a) < f (x)dx < M (b − a);
a

(2) •3 c ∈ (a, b), ¦

Z b
1
f (c) = f (x)dx.
b−a a

4
 Ô! ( K 15 ©)
1. y²¼ê‘?ê
∞
X
[nxe−nx − (n − 1)xe(n−1)x ]
n=1

3 [0, 1] þÂñ…Ú¼êëY;
2. y²þã¼ê‘?ê3 [0, 1] þؘ—Âñ.

l! ( K 10 ©)
f (u, v) k˜ ëY ê, q y = y(x) ´•§ f (xy 2 , x + y) = 0 ¤(½ Û¼ê.
dy
(1) ¦ ;
dx
dy
(2) f (u, v) = uev + v ž, ¦ .
dx
Ê! ( K 10 ©)
ϕ(x, y) 3 (0, 0) :ëY, y²¼ê

f (x, y) = (ax + by)ϕ(x, y)

3 (0, 0) :Œ‡, … df (0, 0) = ϕ(0, 0)(a∆x + b∆y), ùp a † b •~ê.

›! ( K 10 ©)
¦1 .-¡È© ZZ
xdydz + ydzdx + zdxdy,
Σ
2 2 2
Ù¥ Σ ´¥¡ x + y + z = 1, •• ý.

›˜! ( K 15 ©)
Œ‡¼ê {fn } 3 [a, b] þÂñ, …•3~ê M > 0 ¦

|fn0 (x)| ≤ M, x ∈ [a, b], n = 1, 2, · · · .

y² {fn } 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñ.

5
 2. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! ( K 15 ©)
1. ¦4• √ √ √ 
lim n+2−2 n+1+ n ;
n→∞

2. ¦4•
√  x1
lim 1+x−x .
x→0

! ( K 15 ©)
 2
x
1. ¦ 3 x = 0 :? ‘™æì (Peano) .{‘ VÐmª;
1−x
2. |x| < 1 ž,
 2
x 1 x
f (x) = 1 + + + o(x2 ) (x → 0),
1−x 2 1−x
¦ f (x) 3 x = 0 :? ‘™æì.{‘ VÐmª, ùp o(x2 ) (x → 0) L« x → 0 ž' x2 p
á þ.

n! ( K 10 ©)
f (x) 3«m [0, 1] þ Œ , … f 00 (x) ≤ 0, x ∈ [0, 1]. y²:
(1)     
1 0 1 1
f (x) ≤ f +f x− ;
3 3 3
(2)
Z 1  
2 1
f (x )dx ≤ f .
0 3
o! ( K 15 ©)
f (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) þëY, -
Z 1
n n
fn (x) = f (x + t)dt, n = 1, 2, · · · ,
2 1
−n

y²3?¿«m [a, b] ¥, ¼ê {fn (x)} ˜—Âñu f (x).

Ê! ( K 15 ©)
1. y²¼ê
√
f (x) = x ln x
3 [0, +∞) ¥˜—ëY;
2. y²¼ê
f (x) = x ln x
3 [0, +∞)¥Ø˜—ëY.

8! ( K 15 ©)
+∞
X +∞
X
1. e?ê an ýéÂñ, ê {bn } k., K?ê an bn ýéÂñ.
n=1 n=1
+∞
X
2. Á¯: e?ê an ^‡Âñ, þã(ؤáo? e£‰’½, y²ƒ; e£‰Ä½, Þч~.
n=1

6
 Ô! ( K 15 ©)
1. y²?ê !
+∞  n+1
X 1
1+ −e ,
n=1
n

uÑ;
2. y²?ê
+∞
X 1
ln cos ,
n=1
n

Âñ.

l! ( K 15 ©)

2
−y 2 −z 2
f (x, y, z) = (x + y + z)e−x .

y²:
(1) lim f (x, y, z) = 0;
x2 +y 2 +z 2 →+∞

(2) f (x, y, z) 3 R3 þk•ŒŠÚ• Š, ¿¦ƒ.

Ê! ( K 15 ©)
¼ê x = x(z) 9 y = y(z) ´•§|
x2 + y 2 = 1 z 2 ;

2
x + y + z = 2.

¤(½ Û¼ê.
dx dy
(1) ¦ x = 1, y = −1, z = 2 ž, 9 Š;
dz dz
d2 x d2 y
(2) ¦ x = 1, y = −1, z = 2 ž, 2 9 2 Š.
dz dz
›! ( K 15 ©)
OŽ .-¡È©: ZZ
x2 dydz + y 2 dzdx + z 2 dxdy,
S

Ù¥ S ´¥¡ (x − a) + (y − b) + (z − c)2 = r2 ¿
2 2
ý• •.

›˜! ( K 10 ©)
¼ê f (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) þ Œ , e f (x) k., y² f 00 (x) 7k":.

7
 3. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! ( K 15 ©)
1. ¦4•
1
lim (cos x) x2 ;
x→0

2. ¦4•
1! + 2! + · · · + n!
lim .
n→+∞ n!

! ( K 15 ©)
äe ¼ê3•½«mþ´Ä˜—Âñ, ¿‰Ñy².
√ 1
(1) 3«m (0, 1) þ ¼ê x sin ;
x
(2) 3«m [0, +∞) þ ¼ê x sin x;

n! ( K 10 ©)
1. f (x) ´«m [0, 1] þ 4~ëY¼ê, y²: éu?¿ a ∈ (0, 1), k
Z 1 Z a
1
f (x)dx ≤ f (x)dx.
0 a 0

2. f (x, y) •ëY¼ê, ¦ ZZ
1
lim f (x, y)dxdy.
r→0 πr 2
x2 +y 2 <r 2

o! ( K 15 ©)
¼ê f 3 x2 + y 2 6= 0 ž•
x2 y
f (x, y) = p ,
x4 + y 2
¿… f (0, 0) = 0, Á?ؼê f (x, y) 3 : (0, 0) ? ëY5, ê•359Œ‡5.

Ê! ( K 10 ©)
¼ê f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þëY, 3 (a, +∞) þŒ‡, … lim f (x) = f (a), y²: •3 ξ > a, ¦
x→+∞

f 0 (ξ) = 0.

8! ( K 15 ©)
(1) y²¼ê‘?ê
∞  
X x
ln 1 + .
n=2
n ln3 n

3 [−1, 1] þ´˜—Âñ.
(2) y²?ê
∞
X (−1)n−1 −nx
e (0 < x < +∞).
n=1
n

Ú¼ê S(x) 3«m (0, +∞) þkëY ê.

8
 Ô! ( K 15 ©)
¦È© ZZ
I= yzdzdx + zxdxdy,
S
p
Ù¥ S •þŒ¥¡ z = R2 − x2 − y2 þý.

l! ( K 10 ©)
?Ø•§
y − xex − ε sin y = 0 (0 < ε < 1)

3 (0, 0) :?Û¼ê y = f (x) •35, ¿¦TÛ¼ê3 x = 0 ? ê.

Ê! ( K 15 ©)
¼ê f (x) 3 (0, +∞) þ Œ‡, ¿…®•

M0 = sup {|f (x)| : x ∈ (0, +∞)} † M2 = sup {|f 00 (x)| : x ∈ (0, +∞)} •k•ê.
p
y²: e- M1 = sup {|f 0 (x)| : x ∈ (0, +∞)}. y²: M1 ≤ 2 M0 M2 .

›! ( K 15 ©)
3
X
f (x) = aij xi xj , Ù¥ A = (aij ) ´ 3 ½é¡Ý , ¦
i,j=1
ZZZ √
f (x)
I= e dx1 dx2 dx3 .
f (x)≤1

›˜! ( K 10 ©)

Z +∞
2
f (t) = e−x cos(xt)dx,
−∞

¦ f (t) Lˆª.

9
 4. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! ( K 18 ©)
1. ¦4•
1
lim (cos x) sin2 x ;
x→0

2. ¦4• √ √
5
1 + 3x4 − 1 − 2x
lim √ 3
√ ;
x→0 1+x− 1+x

3. ¦4• s   
n 1 2 n
lim ln 1+ 1+ ··· 1 + .
n→+∞ n n n

! ( K 15 ©)
Áy² f (x) = x−2 3 (0, 1) þؘ—ëY, ´é?Û 0 < δ < 1, f (x) 3 [δ, 1) þ˜—ëY.

n! (z K 8 ©, 24 ©)
1. ä¼êS
nx
fn (x) =
1 + n2 x2
3 x ∈ [0, 1] ´Ä˜—Âñ;
2. ä?ê
+∞
X ln n
(−1)n √ ,
n=1
n

^‡Âñ5;
3. a > 0, ä¦
+∞
X 1
,
n=1
aln n

Âñ a Š‰Œ.

o! ( K 15 ©, 1 (1) K 8 ©, 1 (2) K 7 ©)
¼ê f (x) 3«m [0, 1] þ Œ , … ∀x ∈ [0, 1], f 00 (x) ≥ 0, y²:
(1)     
1 1 1
f (x) ≥ f + f0 x− ;
4 4 4

(2)
Z 1  
3 1
f (x )dx ≥ f .
0 4

Ê! ( K 15 ©)
¦
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2
x2 y2
•¹3Ρ + = 1 (b ≤ a) S @Ü©¡È.
a2 b2

10
8! ( K 12 ©)
f ´«m [a, b] þ ëY¼ê, a ≤ x1 < x2 < · · · < xn ≤ b, y²: •3 ξ ∈ [x1 , xn ], ¦

f (x1 ) + f (x2 ) + · · · + f (xn )

f (ξ) = .
n

Ô! ( K 15 ©)


1
xy sin
 , x2 + y 2 6= 0;
f (x, y) = x2 + y2
0, x2 + y 2 = 0.


y²:
(1) fx (0, 0), fy (0, 0) Ñ•3;
(2) fx (0, 0), fy (0, 0) 3 (0, 0) :ØëY;
(3) f (x, y) 3 (0, 0) :Œ‡.

l! ( K 12 ©)
f1 (x) 3«m [a, b] þ Riemann ŒÈ, -
Z x
fn+1 (x) = fn (t)dt, n = 1, 2, · · · ,
a

y²: {fn (x)} 3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñu".

Ê! ( K 12 ©)
1
e¼ê f 3«m [a, b] þëY, …éz˜‡ x ∈ [a, b] Ñ•3 y ∈ [a, b] ¦ |f (y)| ≤ |f (x)|. y²: ¼ê f 3
2
[a, b] ¥k":.

›! ( K 12 ©)
X∞ ∞
X
f (x) = an xn Ú g(x) = bn xn 3 0 ≤ x < 1 žÂñ, … bn > 0, lim− g(x) = ∞. y²:
x→1
n=0 n=0
an
(1) e lim = 0, K
n→∞ bn
f (x)
lim− = 0;
x→1 g(x)
an
(2) e lim = 1, K
n→∞ bn
f (x)
lim = 1.
x→1− g(x)

11
 5. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! (z K 5 ©, K 15 ©)
1. ¦4•
  1
sin x x2
lim+ ;
x→0 x

2. ¦4•
3n
lim ;
n→+∞ n!

3. ¦4•
tan x − sin x
lim .
x→0 sin x3
! ( K 15 ©)
¦¼ê
x2 sin 1 , x 6= 0;


f (x) = x
0, x = 0.

¼ê, ¿?Ø ¼ê ëY5.

n! ( K 15 ©)
¼ê f : R → R ëY, 4• lim f (x) •3¿k•. y²: f 3 R þ˜—ëY.
|x|→+∞

o! ( K 15 ©)
ä¼ê
xy


p , x2 + y 2 6= 0;
x 2 + y2
f (x) =
x2 + y 2 = 0.

0,

3 : (0, 0) ?´ÄëY, ê´Ä•3, ´ÄŒ .

Ê! ( K 15 ©, 1 (1) K 7 ©, 1 (2) K 8 ©)
äe ?ê ñÑ5:
(1)
∞ 
X √ n
n
n−1 ;
n=1

(2)
∞  
X 1
n 1 − cos .
n=1
n

8! ( K 15 ©)
¦n-È© ZZZ
y(x + z)dxdydz,
Ω
π √
Ù¥ Ω •d²¡ y = 0, z = 0, x + z = 9-¡ y = x ¤Œ «•.
2

12
Ô! ( K 15 ©)
S •š˜ê8, kþ., ¿…þ(. sup S = a 6∈ S. y²: •3î‚üN4Oê {xn }∞
n=1 ⊂ S, ¦

lim xn = a.
n→∞

l! ( K 15 ©)
y²?ê
∞
X sin nx
,
n=1
n

3 (0, 2π) þS4˜—Âñ.

Ê! ( K 15 ©)
f 3 [0, +∞) þëYŒ‡, …î‚üN4O, f (0) = 0, a ≥ 0, b ≥ 0, g(y) ´ f (x) ‡¼ê. y²:
(1) Ø ª
Z a Z b
ab ≤ f (x)dx + g(y)dy,
0 0

…= b = f (a) Ò¤á;
(2) α ≥ 1, β ≥ 1 ž, k
αβ ≤ eα−1 + β ln β

¤á.

›! ( K 15 ©)
∞
X
?ê an Ü©Úê • Sn = a0 + a1 + · · · + an ,
n=0

S0 + S1 + · · · + Sn−1
σn = , n = 0, 1, · · · ,
n
…k4• lim σn = S. y²:
n→∞
an
(1) lim = 0;
n→∞ n
X∞
(2) an xn 3 (−1, 1) þS4˜—Âñ;
n=0

(3) 3 (−1, 1) þ¤á

∞
X ∞
X
an xn = (1 − x)2 (n + 1)σn+1 xn .
n=0 n=0

13
 6. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! (z K 10 ©, K 40 ©)
1. ¦4•  n
3n + 5
lim ;
n→+∞ 3n + 1

2. ¦4•
tan πx
lim (2 − x) 2 ;
x→1

3. ¦È© ZZZ
(x2 + y 2 + 2z)dxdydz,
V
n p o
Ù¥ V L«n‘˜m¥ «• (x, y, z) : x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 1 ;
4. ¦È© ZZ
(x2 + y 2 )dS, (1˜.-¡È©),
S
n p o
Ù¥ S L«n‘˜m¥ áN«• (x, y, z) : x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 1 >.-¡.

! ( K 10 ©)
D •Ø•¹ : üëÏ4«•, Ù>.-‚ L ©ã1w, Áy²
xdy − ydx
I
= 0;
x2 + y 2
L

?˜Ú, XJ l L«± :•¥%, a > 0 •Œ» ±, ÁOŽ

xdy − ydx
I
.
x2 + y 2
L

n! ( K 15 ©, z K 5 ©)


(x2 + y 2 ) sin 1
 , x2 + y 2 6= 0;
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, x2 + y 2 = 0.


ž£‰e ¯K, ¿`²nd:

(1) f (x, y) 3 (0, 0) :´ÄëY?
(2) ê fx0 (0, 0), fy0 (0, 0) ´Ä•3?
(3) f (x, y) 3 (0, 0) :´ÄŒ‡?

o! ( K 10 ©)
¦˜?ê
∞ n
X [3 + (−1)n ] n
x ,
n=1
n

ÂñŒ»9Ù3Âñ«mþ Ú¼ê.

14
Ê! ( K 10 ©)
y²¼ê‘?ê
∞
X
xn (1 − x)2
n=0

3 [0, 1] «mþ˜—Âñ.

8! ( K 15 ©, 1 1 K 10 ©, 1 2 K 5 ©)
1. p > 0, ?Øáȩ Z +∞
sin x
dx
1 xp
Âñ5;
2. y²Ã¡È© Z +∞
x sin x4 dx
1

^‡Âñ.

Ô! ( K 10 ©)
f 3 (a, +∞) þŒ , lim f 0 (x) •3…k•, ¦y: lim f 0 (x) = 0 …=
x→+∞ x→+∞

f (x)
lim = 0.
x→+∞ x

l! ( K 15 ©)
y = f (x) d•§
1
y− sin y = 2x
2
Z π
¤(½ Û¼ê, ¦y y = f (x) ´ (−∞, +∞) þ î‚4O¼ê, ¿¦ÑÈ© f (x)dx Š.
0

Ê! ( K 15 ©)
f 34«m [a, b] þ Œ , … f 0 (x) ≥ 0. Áy²:
  Z b
a+b 1 f (a) + f (b)
f ≤ f (x)dx ≤ .
2 b−a a 2

›! ( K 10 ©, z K 5 ©)
√
1. y²: ¼ê f (x) = x 3 [1, +∞) þ˜—ëY;
2. y²: e¼ê f 3«m (0, 1) ¥Ã., K f 3«m (0, 1) þؘ—ëY.

15
 7. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! ( K 20 ©)
1. ¦4•
1
lim (1 + sin2 x) ex −1−x ;
x→0

1 1 1
2. an = 1 + + 2 + ··· + n, ¦
3 3 3
a1 + a2 + · · · an
lim .
n→∞ n
! ( K 10 ©)
äá?ê
∞   
X 1 n+1
− ln
n=1
n n

ñÑ5.

n! ( K 30 ©)

(−2)n
an = , n = 1, 2, · · · .
n(n + 1)
∞
X
(1) ¦˜?ê an xn Âñ•;
n=1
X∞
(2) ¦˜?ê an xn Ú¼ê;
n=1
X∞
(3) ä˜?ê an xn 3ÙÂñ•þ´Ä˜—Âñ.
n=1

o! ( K 10 ©)
¦n‘˜m¥ ¥N
x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1

Ρ x2 + y 2 = x ¤ e Ü© NÈ.

Ê! ( K 10 ©)
¦1˜.-¡È© ZZ p
1 − x2 − y 2 dS,
S
2 2 2
Ù¥ S L«n‘˜m¥ ¥¡ x + y + z = 1 Ρ x2 + y 2 = x ¤ e Ü©.

8! ( K 10 ©)
l •²¡þë : A(x1 , y1 ) Ú: B(x2 , y2 ) ˜^k•1w-‚, ϕ(x) •†‚þäk˜ ëY ê ¼ê.
Á¦1 .-‚È© Z
ϕ0 (x)ey dx + ϕ(x)ey dy.
l

16
Ô! ( K 10 ©)
y²e ˆK:
(1) f (x) ´½Â3 (−∞, +∞) þ ¼ê, …é ∀x, y ∈ (−∞, +∞),

|f (x) − f (y)| 6 (x − y)2 .

¦y: f (x) ´ (−∞, +∞) þ ~Š¼ê;

Z b
(2) f (x) 34«m [a, b] þäkëY˜ ê, f (a) = f (b) = 0, f 2 (x)dx = 1. ¦y:
a
Z b
1
xf (x)f 0 (x)dx = − .
a 2

l! ( K 20 ©)
Z +∞
áȩ f (x)dx Âñ, Áy:
a
(1) e•3k•4• lim f (x) = A, K A = 0;
x→+∞

(2) e f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þüN, K lim xf (x) = 0.

x→+∞

Ê! ( K 10 ©)
¼ê f (x, y) 3
B(0, 1) = (x, y) ∈ R2  x2 + y 2 < 1
 

p
SëY, …é ∀ε > 0, ∃δ > 0. é ∀(x, y) ∈ R2 , e 1 − δ < x2 + y 2 < 1, Ñk |f (x, y)| < ε, y²¼ê f (x, y)
3 B(0, 1) ˜—ëY.

›! ( K 10 ©)
¼ê f (x) 3 [0, 1] þ Œ , f (0) = f (1) = 0, f 0 (0)f 0 (1) > 0, ¦y: •3 ξ ∈ (0, 1), ¦

f 00 (ξ) = 0.

17
 8. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! ¦4•
(1) h i
1
lim (x + 2)e x − x .
x→∞

(2) Rx
0
t2 (t − sin t)dt
lim R x2 .
x→0 2 dt
0
t

! ¦¼ê f (x) ½Â•9mä:¿ äa.

|x|(x − 1)
f (x) = .
x(x2 − 1)

n! z = z(x, y) ´d•§
z 3 − 3xyz = a3 (a 6= 0)
∂2z
(½ Û¼ê, ¦ 3 : (0, 0) ? Š.
∂x∂y
o! ¼ê f (x), g(x) 3«m [a, b] þ Œ … g 00 (x) 6= 0, f (a) = f (b) = 0, g(a) = g(b) = 0.
(1) ¦y3 (a, b) S g(x) 6= 0.
(2) 3 (a, b) S– •3˜: ξ, ¦
f (ξ) f 00 (ξ)
= 00 .
g(ξ) g (ξ)

Ê! ¦˜?ê
∞
X xn+1
n=1
n(n + 1)

Âñ•†Ú¼ê.

8!
α

 |x| y ,

(x, y) 6= (0, 0);
2 2
f (x, y) = x + y
0,

(x, y) = (0, 0).

Ù¥ α > 0
(1) Ñ f (x, y) ¼ê (ÃI L§) ¿?Ø ¼ê3 : (0, 0) ? ëY5.
(2) ?Ø f (x, y) 3 (0, 0) :? Œ‡5.

Ô! (½~ê λ ¦ 3mŒ²¡ x > 0 þ •þŠ¼ê

A(x, y) = 2xy(x4 + y 2 )λ , −x2 (x4 + y 2 )λ

•, ¼ê u(x, y) FÝ, ¿¦ u(x, y).

l!
→
−
F (x, y, z) = (z arctan y 2 , z 3 ln(x2 + 1), z).
→
−
¦ F ÏL Ô¡ x2 + y 2 + z = 2 u²¡ z = 1 þ•@˜¬6•þý 6þ.

18
Ê! f 3«m [0, 1] þëY, Áy²
Z 1
lim n xn f (x)dx = f (1).
n→∞ 0
Z +∞
›! f (x, y)dy 3 [0, +∞) þ˜—Âñu F (x), …éu?¿«m [a, b] ⊂ [a, +∞), 4• lim f (x, t) = ψ(t)
0 x→+∞
'u t 3 [a, b] þ˜—/¤á, =é?¿ ε > 0, •3 M > 0, x > M ž, |f (x, t) − ψ(t)| < ε 阃 t ∈ (a, b)
¤á, Áy²:
(1)
Z +∞
ψ(t)dt
0

Âñ.
(2)
Z +∞
lim F (x) = ψ(t)dt.
x→+∞ 0

19
 9. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) ∈ Q[x] •knê• Q þ ü‡õ‘ª, m •˜‡ ê, y²: f (x)m |g(x)m …=

f (x)|g(x).

2. ( 15 ©) OŽ1 ª
 
 1+a
 1 1 ··· 1 

 
 1 1 + a2 ··· 1 
Dn =  .
 
.. .. ..

 . . . 

 
 1 1 ··· 1 + an 

Ù¥ ai 6= 0, 1 ≤ i ≤ n.

3. ( 15 ©) y²: ‚5•§|



a11 x1 + a12 x2 + · · · + a1n xn = b1 ;


a21 x1 + a22 x2 + · · · + a2n xn = b2 ;

..
.






am1 x1 + am2 x2 + · · · + amn xn = bm .


k) ¿‡^‡´•§| XêÝ †O2Ý äkƒÓ •.

4. ( 15 ©) ®•¢ê• R þ 3 •
 
5 0 0
 
A=
 −2 9 ,
−2 
1 −2 6

¦˜‡¢Œ_Ý T ¦ T −1 AT ¤•é Ý , Ù¥ T −1 L«Ý T _Ý .

5. ( 15 ©) Á¦ λ ŸoŠ žÿ, e g.

5x21 + x22 + λx23 + 4x1 x2 − 2x1 x3 − 2x2 x3

´ ½ g..

6. ( 15 ©) A, B ©O•ê• K þ m × n, n × m Ý , Em • m ü Ý , AB = Em , m ≤ n. y²: B
n
•þŒ±*¿¤ K þ n ‘ •þ˜m K ˜|Ä.

7. ( 15 ©) V1 , V2 •k•‘•þ˜m V ü‡‚5f˜m, V1 + V2 , V1 ∩ V2 ©O´§‚ Ú˜m† ˜m,

dim V1 , dim V2 , dim(V1 + V2 ), dim(V1 ∩ V2 ) ©O• V1 , V2 , V1 + V2 , V1 ∩ V2 ‘ê, y²:

dim V1 + dim V2 = dim(V1 + V2 ) + dim(V1 ∩ V2 ).

8. ( 15 ©) r 3 ‘ü •þ
1
γ1 = √ (1, 1, 1)
3
*¿• 3 ‘m R3 IO Ä.

20
 9. ( 15 ©) P X = Rn •¢ê• R þ n ‘IOm, A •¢ê• R þ ˜‡ n • ,

V = ξ ξ ∈ X, AT ξ = 0 ,
 

 
W = Aξ ξ ∈ X ,

Ù¥ AT L«Ý A =˜Ý , y²: X = V ⊕ W .

10. ( 15 ©) A •¢ê• R þ ˜‡ n • , ÷v AAT = AT A, Ù¥ AT L«Ý A =˜Ý .

(1) λ∈R •A ˜‡A Š, y²: λ •´ AT A Š;
(2) y²: XJ A ¤kA ŠÑ´¢ê, K A ´˜‡é¡Ý .

21
 10. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) OŽ1 ª
 

 a b c d 
 
 b a c d 
D =  .
 c b a d 
 
 b d c a 

2. ( 15 ©) λ •Eê, OŽÝ
 17
λ 1 0 0
 
 0 λ 1 0 
D=
 0
 .
 0 λ 1 

0 0 0 λ

3. ( 15 ©) A •n Ý (ؘ½´¢Ý ), y²:

r(AA0 ) ≥ 2r(A) − n,

¿‰Ñ Ò¤á ˜‡¿©^‡ (Ø7y²ù‡^‡).

4. ( 15 ©) • A A õ‘ª• f (λ) = (λ − 1)2 (λ + 1), ¦Ý

B = A3 + 2A2 + 3A

1 ª.

5. ( 15 ©) 2 • A ¥¤k Ñ´ ¢ê, y²: A k¢A •þ (=z‡©þÑ´¢ê A •þ).

6. ( 15 ©) V •¤k n ¢é¡• |¤ ¢‚5˜m, OŽ V ‘ê.

7. ( 15 ©) B •n Œ_Ý ,
!
B 0
A= .
0 0

•m Ý , V • m ‘‚5˜m, A • V þ ‚5C†, éAÝ • A. y²:

A 2 V = A V, ker A = ker A 2 , V = A V ⊕ ker A .

   
1 1 1 1 1 −1 1 −1
8. ( 15 ©) V = R4 ´¢ê• R þÏ~ 4 ‘m, ε1 = , , , Ú ε2 = , , , , ¦V
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
¥•þ ε3 , ε4 ¦ ε1 , ε2 , ε3 , ε4 • V ˜|IO Ä.

9. ( 15 ©) A ´1 ª• −1 Ý , y²: −1 ´ A ˜‡A Š.

10. ( 15 ©) A, B • n Œ ½Ý , y²: AB A Š ´šK¢ê.

22
 11. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©)
 
1 −1 2 1 0
 
 0 2 −2 −2 1 
A= .
 0
 −1 −1 1 1 

1 1 0 1 −1

(1) A •´õ ;
(2) `²\é (1) ‰Y nd;
(3) ¦Ñ A •þ ˜‡4ŒÃ'|.

2. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) ´¢Xêõ‘ª, …

(x2 + 2)f (x) − (x3 + 1)g(x) = 1.

¦:
(1) ¦ f (x), g(x) •ŒúϪ (f (x), g(x));
(2) f (x), g(x) Ñ´š" , …éu?¿¢Xêõ‘ª h(x) Ñ•3¢Xêõ‘ª p(x), q(x) ¦

h(x) = p(x)f (x) + q(x)g(x).

3. ( 15 ©)
 
a11 a12 ··· a1n
 
 a21 a22 ··· a2n 
A= . .
 
 .. .. .. 
 . . 

an1 an2 ··· ann
n×n

•¢Ý , V = Rn , W = Rm ©O•Ï~ n, m ‘¢ •þ˜m. N f : V → W ½Â•: ?‰

m
X
T T
X = (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) ∈ V , k f (X) = (y1 , y2 , · · · , yn ) , Ù¥ yi = ai xi , i = 1, 2, · · · , m, P
i=1

Im f = {f (X)|X ∈ V }

Ú
ker f = {X ∈ V |f (X) = 0}

šO´ f –ÚØ, y²:

(1) é b = (b1 , b2 , · · · , bn )T ∈ W , •§ AX = b k) ¿‡^‡´ b ∈ Imf ;
(2) Im f ´ W f˜m, K ker f ´ V f˜m;
(3) dim ker f + dim Im f = n, Ù¥ dim ´‘ê.

4. ( 15 ©)
 
1 2 2
 
A=
 2 1 .
2 
2 2 1

23
 (1) ¦ A A õ‘ª;
(2) ¦ A A Š9-ê;
(3) e f (x) = (x2 − 1)(x + 1)(x − 5) + 2, OŽ A õ‘ª f (A).

5. ( 15 ©)OŽ1 ª
 
 1 + a1
 2 ··· n−1 n 

1 2 + a2 ··· n−1 n
 
 
.. .. .. ..
 
D= .
 
 . . . . 
1 2 ··· 1 + an−1 n
 
 
 
 1 2 ··· n−1 1 + an 

Ù¥z˜‡ ai 6= 0, ek ai = 0 ?Ø(Ø.

6. ( 15 ©) )‚5•§|



2x1 + x2 − 5x3 + x4 + 6x5 = 8;


x − 3x2 − 6x4 + 4x5 = 9;

 1




2x2 − x3 + 2x4 − x5 = −5;





x1 + 4x2 − 7x3 + 6x4 + 4x5 = 0;





3x1 − 6x3 − 3x4 + 9x5 = 12;


2x1 + 3x2 − 8x3 + 2x4 + 7x5 = 4.


7. ( 15 ©) A, B ´ n ½Ý , y²:

A2 − A + E + B −1 + B

´ ½Ý .

8. ( 15 ©) T •n ¢• ,E •n ü Ý , T 2 = E, y²: ?‰ n ‘¢ •þ α Ñ•3•˜ n ‘¢
•þ β, γ ¦ α = β + γ … T β = β, T γ = −γ.

9. ( 15 ©) V • n ‘m, α1 , · · · , αn , αn+1 ´ V ¥ n + 1 ‡š"•þ, y²: V ¥•3š"•þ α

† α1 , · · · , αn , αn+1 ÑØ .

10. ( 15 ©) A •n š"¢Ý , …•3¢ê c, d ¦

A2 = cA, cd 6= −1.

y²: E + dA Œ_, Ù¥ E ´ n ü Ý .

24
 12. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) ¦•§| 
4x + y + 11z = −5;
−x + 8y + 10z = 5

Ï).

2. ( 15 ©) A •m×n Ý ,β ´m ‘ •þ, y²: •§| AX = β k) …= •§| A0 Y = 0 )Ñ

0 0
´•§ β Y = 0 )(A •A =˜Ý ).

3. ( 15 ©) y²1 ª
 

 a2 ab ab b2 
 
ac ad bc bd 
= (ad − bc)4 .

A = 
 ac bc ad bd 
2
d2 
 
 c cd cd

4. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) •knXêš"õ‘ª, Ù¥ f (x) ´ØŒ (=ØU©)•ü‡ $knXêõ‘

ª È). b •3Eê α ¦ f (α) = g(α) = 0, y²:

f (x)|g(x).

5. ( 15 ©) V • 7 ‘¢‚5˜m, W ⊂ V • 4 ‘‚5f˜m, P End(V ) • V g ¤k‚5N |¤

‚5˜m, -
M = {f ∈ End(V )|F (W ) ⊂ W } ,
`² M ´ End(V ) ‚5f˜m, ¿‰Ñ M ‘ê.

6. ( 15 ©) ˜‡E• T ¡•´˜" , `²•3 ê m, ¦ T m = 0, T •n E• , y² T •˜"

…= T A õ‘ª
χT (x) = xn .

7. ( 15 ©) A, B • n Œ ½¢é¡• , ¯ A + B ´Ä•Œ ½ ? (e’½‰Ñnd, eĽ‰Ñ‡~)

8. ( 15 ©) 3 3 ‘¢•þ˜m¥, ½Â x = (x1 , x2 , x3 )T † y = (y1 , y2 , y3 ) SÈXe:

  
1 1 1 y1
  
(x, y) = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) 
 1 2 1   y2 .
 
1 1 4 y3

ù ½Â ˜‡îª˜m, ¦ù‡îª˜m¥ •¹ e1 = (x1 , x2 , x3 )T 3S ˜|IO Ä {e1 , e2 , e3 }.

9. ( 15 ©) V •knê•þ ‚5˜m, A • V ˜‡š"‚5C†, …

A4 = 4A2 − 2A,

y²: V = AV ⊕ A−1 (0), … A k˜‡ 3 ‘ØCf˜m.

10. ( 15 ©) T •n ¢é¡• , Óž•´ . y²: •3 ê m (0 ≤ m ≤ n) ¦

tr(T ) = n − 2m,

d e m = 0 K T = I (ü • ). e m = n K T = −I. (5: tr(T ) •Ý T ,, = T Ìé ‚þ

ƒƒÚ).

25
 13. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) ¦Ñgê•$ Ä‘Xê• 1 ¢Xêõ‘ª f (x) ¦ f (0) = 7, f (1) = 14, f (2) = 35, f (3) = 76.

2. ( 15 ©) ¦e¡1 ª Š (Ù¥z‡ ai 6= 1)
 
 1 + a1
 2 2 ··· 2 

2 1 + a2 2 ··· 2
 
 
 
Dn = 
 2 2 1 + a3 ··· 2 .

 .. .. .. .. 
. . . .
 
 
 
 2 2 2 ··· 1 + an 

3. ( 15 ©) y²Œ_é¡• _Ý •´é¡ .

4. ( 15 ©) A, B Ñ´ n × n Ý , E ´ n × n ü Ý . y²

AB − BA 6= E.

5. ( 15 ©) A ´k•‘‚5˜m V þ ‚5C†, ®••3 êk ¦ ker(A k ) = ker(A k+1 ). y²:

ker(A k ) ∩ Im(A k ) = 0,

(Ù¥ ker(A k ), Im(A k ) ©O•‚5C† A k ؘmÚ–˜m).

6. ( 15 ©) A , B • n ‘‚5˜m V þ ‚5C†, ¦ (BA )2 = ε (Ù¥ ε ´ V þ ð C†), -

C = ε − A B, y²:
ker(C ) = Im(C − 2ε).

7. ( 15 ©) A •n ¢• , § z1ˆê ÚÑ u 2, y²:

det(A − 2E) = 0.

( det(A − 2E) = |A − 2E|, =1 ª.)

8. ( 15 ©) a, b, c, d •š"¢ê. ¦Ý
 
a b c d
 
 −b a −d c 
A=
 −c d
.
 a −b 

−d −c b a

_Ý .

9. ( 15 ©) A • m × n ¢Ý (m 6= n), E ´ n × n ü Ý . y²:

E + AT A

´ ½é¡ . ( AT • A =˜Ý )

10. ( 15 ©) ¦•

26
  
0 1 0 0 0
 
 0 0 1 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 1 0 .
 
 
 0 0 0 0 1 
 
1 −5 10 −10 5

e IO..

27
 14. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) ¦˜‡ 3 gõ‘ª f (x), ¦ f (x) ر x2 + 1 {ª´ 3x + 4, ر x2 + x + 1 {ª´ 3x + 5.

2. ( 15 ©) ¦1 ª
 
 1−a a2 0 ··· 0 0 
 1 
 
 −1 1 − a2 a3 ··· 0 0 
 
0 −1 1 − a3 ··· 0 0
 
 
Dn =  .. .. .. .. .. .

 . . . . . 
 

 0 0 0 ··· 1 − an−1 an 

 
 0 0 0 ··· −1 1 − an 

3. ( 15 ©) ¦e 100 ‡C •§| 
x1 − x2 + x3 = 0;








x2 − x3 + x4 = 0;


x3 − x4 + x5 = 0;

..
.






x98 − x99 + x100 = 0;






x − x + 1 = 0.

99 100

Ï).
!
b1 b2
4. ( 15 ©) P M • 2 ¢• |¤ ‚5˜m, B = ∈ M .½ÂN f : M → M • f (A) =
b3 b4
AB − BA (∀A ∈ M ), y f ´‚5N , ¿ Ñf Ä
( ! ! ! !)
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
, , , .
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

e Ý .

5. ( 15 ©)
 
x1
 
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 , x2 , x3 )A 
 x2 .

x3

•n ¢ g. ( A •n ¢é¡• ), B • 3 ‘îAp ˜m V ¥ ü ¥¡

(a1 , a2 , a3 )T a21 + a22 + a23 = 1 .

 

f 3 B þ •ŒŠ• λ, •ŒŠ3: v ∈ B ?ˆ . y²: e•þ w † v , K Aw † v .

6. ( 15 ©) A •Œ ½é¡• , y²:
tr(A) ≥ 0

… Ò= A = 0 ž¤á.

28
 7. ( 15 ©) A , B • n ‘¢•þ˜m V g ‚5N , … A 2 = A , P V1 = ker(A ) ( A Ø),
V2 = Im(A ) ( A ”), y²:
A B = BA

…= B(V1 ) ⊂ V1 , … B(V2 ) ⊂ V2 .

8. ( 15 ©) A • 7 × 8 ¢Ý , P AT • A =˜Ý , y²: AT A ´Œ ½é¡ , Ø´ ½ .

9. ( 15 ©) A •n ¢• , f (x) •¢Xêõ‘ª, y² f (A) •Œ_ …=

ged(f (x), χA (x)) = 1.

(Ù¥ χA (x) • A A õ‘ª.)

10. ( 15 ©) 3 ½é¡¢• A A Š• 0, 3, 3, (1, 1, 1)T ´A Š 6 A •þ, ¦ A.

29
 15. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) •ü‡pƒ õ‘ª, gê©O• m, n > 0. y²: •3•˜ gê un õ‘ª
u(x) 9•˜ gê um õ‘ª v(x), ¦

u(x)f (x) + v(x)g(x) = 1.

2. ( 15 ©) ¦1 ª
 

 1 1 1 1 
 
 a b c d 

2 2
.

 a b c2 d2 
4 4
c4 d4 
 
 a b

3. ( 15 ©) P M5 (R) •¤k 5 ¢• |¤ ‚5˜m. -

 
0 1 0 0 0
 
 0 0 1 0 0 
 
T = 0 0 0 1 0 .
 
 
 0 0 0 0 1 
 
0 0 0 0 0

- S = {A ∈ M5 (R)|AT = T A}. y²: S ´ M5 (R) ‚5f˜m, ¿OŽ§ ‘ê.

4. ( 15 ©) a1 , · · · , an • n ‡ØÓ ê, y²é?¿ n ‡ê b1 , · · · , bn , •3•˜gê un−1 õ‘ª

f (x) = c1 + c2 x + · · · + cn xn−1 , ¦
f (ai ) = bi (1 ≤ i ≤ n).

5. ( 15 ©) v1 , · · · , vm •‚5ƒ' n ‘¢•þ, Ù¥z‡©þÑ´knê, y²: •3Ø •" knê

r1 , · · · , rm ¦
r1 v1 + · · · + rm vm = 0.

6. ( 15 ©) A, B, C, D • n • , Ù¥ D •Œ_ , … CD = DC. y²:

!
A B
det = det(AD − BC).
C D

7. ( 15 ©) n E• A ¤kA Š• λ1 , λ2 , · · · , λr , m • ê. y² Am ¤kA Š•

λm m m
1 , λ2 , · · · , λr .

8. ( 15 ©) A, B • n ˜"• . ¯ AB ´Ä•˜" . (e’½K‰Ñy², eĽK‰Ñ‡~, =£

‰”´” ½”Ä” é.)

9. ( 15 ©) n‘m V = R3 g ˜‡N φ : V → V ¡•$Ä, XJ§´˜‡ C††˜‡²£

ܤ, =•3˜‡ C† A : V → V 9˜‡•þ v0 ∈ V ¦ é?¿ v ∈ V k

φ(v) = A v + v0 .

‰Ñ˜‡$Ä φ, ¦ φ(0) 6= 0 … φ5 = idv (ùp 0 ∈ V •"•þ, φ5 • 5 ‡ φ ܤ, idv • V g ü

N .)

10. ( 15 ©) T •2 ¢ , …Ø´ü . y²: det(T ) = −1 …= •3 2 ¢•þ v 6= 0 ¦

T v = v.

30
 16. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ¦1 ª  

 a2 ab ab b2 
 
 ac ad bc bd 
 .

 ac bc ad bd 
c2 d2 
 
 cd cd

2. Ý  
a 0 0 0
 
 1 a 0 0 
T =
 0
.
 1 a 0 

0 0 1 a
õ‘ª
f (x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 .

¦ f (T ).

3. v1 , v2 , v3 , v4 , v5 •?¿ 5 ‡ 3 ‘•þ. -

W = {(a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 ) ∈ R5 | a1 v1 + a2 v2 + a3 v3 + a4 v4 + a5 v5 = 0}.

y² W ´ R5 ‚5f˜m, ¿‰Ñ W ¤kŒU ‘ê.

4. éu˜‡ n × n õ‘ªÝ  
a11 (t) · · · a1n (t)
 .. .. 
A(t) = 
 . .
,

an1 (t) · · · ann (t)
½ÂÙ ê•
d d
 
a11 (t) ··· a1n (t)
 dt dt 
d  .. .. 
A(t) =  . .
.
dt  
 d d 
an1 (t) · · · ann (t)
dt dt
y²éu?¿ü‡ n × n õ‘ªÝ A(t), B(t), k¦È êúª

d d d
(A(t)B(t)) = (A(t))B(t) + A(t) B(t).
dt dt dt

5. m×n Ý A •• r, Ù¥ s 1|¤˜‡ s × n Ý B, B •– •õ , yƒ.

6. ¦àg‚5•§| (
2x1 + x2 − x3 + x4 − 3x5 = 0;
x1 + x2 − x3 − x5 = 0.

)˜m (Š• R5 f˜m) ˜|IO Ä.

7. Ý  
1 1 0
 
 1 0 1 
 
0 1 1

31
 ÚÝ  
0 0 1
 
 0 2 0 
 
1 0 0

´Äƒq, yƒ.

8. A •n E• , A2 + A + I = 0 ( I • n ü • ), y²

det(A) 6= 0.

9. A • n ‘•þ˜m V g ‚5C†, ÷v A 3 = A . y²?¿•þ v ∈ V Œ±•˜/©)•

v = v1 + v0 + v−1 .

Ù¥ v1 , v0 , v−1 ©O÷v A v1 = v1 , A v0 = 0, A v−1 = −v−1 .

10. α, β, γ •n‘m V ˜|IO Ä, ¦ V ˜‡ C† A , ¦

2 2 1


 A (α) = α + β − γ;

 3 3 3

 A (β) = 2 α − 1 β + 2 γ.



3 3 3

32
 17. ÄÑ“‰ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ¦knXê˜gõ‘ª f (x), g(x), ¦

x + 1 = (x2 + x + 1)f (x) + (x2 − x + 1)g(x).

2. ¦1 ª
1 1 1 1
 
 
 

 1 3 5 7 

 
1 1 1 1
 
 
 
 2 4 6 8 
.
 

1 1 1 1
 
 
 
 3 5 7 9 
 
 

 1 1 1 1 


4 6 8 10


3. ?Øe¡‚5•§|k) ^‡, ¿ ј„).



 x1 + x2 + x3 = a1 ;





 x2 + x3 + x4 = a2 ;




 x3 + x4 + x5 = a3 ;

 x4 + x5 + x6 = a4 ;



x5 + x6 + x7 = a5 ;




 x6 + x7 + x8 = a6 ;





 x7 + x8 + x9 = a7 ;




 x8 + x9 + x10 = a8 ;

x9 + x10 + x2 = a9 .


4. ®•  
4 6 0
 
A=
 −3 −5 .
0 
−3 −6 0
¦ A100 .

5. 4 ‘m R4 ¥
V = {(a, b, −a, −b) | a, b ∈ R}.
y² V ´˜‡‚5f˜m, ¦Ñ V ˜|IO Ä, ¿¦ V 3 R4 ¥ Ö˜m.

6. n ¢• P Q´ ½é¡ q´ , y² P ´ü .

7. n š"• A ÷v An = 0, y² A ØŒé z.

8. ‚5•§| AX = b (b 6= 0) )•þ¥k˜|4Œ‚5Ã'•þ α1 , α2 , · · · , αs . - V • α1 , α2 , · · · , αs
)¤ •þ˜m, ‰Ñ V ¥•þ´ AX = b ) ¿‡^‡.

9. A, B ´ n ¢• , A •é¡ , … AB + B T A ½, y² A Œ_.

10. n E• A k n ‡ØÓA Š, n E• B ÷v AB = BA, y²•3õ‘ª f (x), ¦

B = f (A).

33