VEL TECH MULTI TECH Dr.RANAGARAJANDr.

SAKUNTHALA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

191EE721 - HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK

Unit 1
PART A (Objective Type – 1 mark)

1. Which of the following is the protective device against lightning over voltages? CO1.1 k1
A. Rod gapsB. Surge absorbersC. Horn gaps D. All of the above.

2. The over voltage surges in power systems me be caused by

CO1.2 k2
A. Lightning B. ResonanceC. SwitchingD. All of the above

3. A lightning arrester provides CO1.3 k2

A. Low impedance path B. High impedance pathC. Low resistance pathD. High resistance path
between line and earth during operation
4. A stroke of lightning: CO1.4 k3
A. Is caused by a movement of holes in an insulator.
B.Hasa very low current.
C. Is a discharge of static electricity.
D. Builds up between clouds.

5. Corona effect can be identified by CO1.5 k4

A. bushy sparks
B. arcing between conductors and earth.
C. faint violet glow
D. red light
6. Switching surge is CO1.2 k4

A. short duration transient voltage

B. hyperbolically dying voltage.
C. high voltage ac
D. high voltage dc

7. Surge voltage originate in power systems due to CO1.4 k3

A. Faults
B. lightning
C. Switching operations
D. any of the above.

8. Corona results in CO1.5 k4

A. increased capacitive reactance of transmission lines.

B. better regulation.
C. improvement in power factor
D. radio interference

9. Which of the following statement about corona is incorrect?

 CO1.7 k2
A. Corona results in loss of power in transmission
B. Corona gives rise to radio interference
C. Corona discharge can be observed as red luminescence
D. Corona is always accompanied by a hissing noise

10. The value of Thunderstorm Days in india is.........

CO1.8 k3
A. 30 to 50
B. 39
C. 42
D.55

11. Outdoor switchgear is generally used for voltage beyond.

CO1.5 k5

A. 11 KV
B. 33 KV
C. 66 KV
D. 132 KV
12. The phenomenon of corona is generally accompanied by

CO1.4 k3
A. a bang
B. a hissing sound
C.magnetic hum
D.all of the above

13. Lightning arrestors connected in power system protect electrical equipments from:CO1.5 k6

A. Frequency fluctuation
B. Over-current due to indirect lightning stroke
C. Over-voltages due to indirect lightning stroke
D. Direct stroke of lightning

14. An effective method of providing protection to transmission lines against direct lightning strokes
is by the use of CO1.8 k2

A. Earthing screen
B. Lightning arrester
C. Overhead ground wires
D. None of these
15. Reflection and Refraction A 400 kV surge travels on an overhead line of surge impedance 400 Ω towards
its junction with a cable which has a surge impedance of 40 Ω. What is the transmitted voltage? on of
Travelling waves CO1.6 k5

A. 72.73 kV
B. -327.27 kV
C. 400 kV
D. 54 kv

16. A surge voltage of 10 kV travels along a cable towards its junction with overhead line.The surge
impedance of the cable and the overhead line is 50 Ω and 450 Ω respectively. The surge voltage
transmitted to the overhead line is

CO1.4 k4

A. 2 kV
B. 9 kV
C. 18 kV
D. 20 kV

17. The coefficient of reflection for current for an open ended line is CO1.6 k2
 A. 1
B. 0.5
C. -1.0
D. Zero

18. If a traveling-wave travels along a loss-free overhead line does not result in any reflection after it
has reached the far end, then the far end of the line is CO1.5 k1

A. Open circuited
B. Short circuited
C. Terminated into a resistance equal to surge impedance of the line
D. Terminated into a capacitor

19. An overhead line with surge impedance of 400 Ω is terminated through a resistance R. A surge
traveling over the line will not suffer any reflection at the junction, if the value of R isCO1.2 k2

A. 100 Ω
B. 200 Ω
C. 400 Ω
D. 800 Ω

20. A loss-less transmission line having characteristic impedance Z is terminated in a load of Z . If

the value of Z is exactly half of Z then reflection coefficient Γ is CO1.6 k1

A. 1/3
B. 2/3
C. -1/3
 D. -2/3
PART B (Short Answers – 4 marks)
1. Illustrate the meaning of switching surges? Mention the approximate magnitude of switching surges
and their frequency. CO1.1 k1
2. What are meant by ground rods and counter poise wires? CO1.5 k2
3. Write the expression for voltage developed during lightning. CO1.2 k3
4. Define lightning phenomenon and different level of strokes? CO1.5 k4
5. Cloud discharges 15 coulombs within 1.5 milliseconds on to a transmission line during lightening.
Estimate the voltage produced at the point of the stroke on the transmission line with a surge
impedance of the line as 350ohms. CO1.6 k5
6. What are the seven causes of power frequency overvoltage’s. CO1.4 k3
7. Mention the process of formation of corona and its effects. CO1.8 k6

PART C (Descriptive Type – 12 marks)

1. Discuss the different theories of charge formation

of thunder clouds.CO1.2 k2

2. Explain various methods to control switching over voltages. CO1.3 k1

3. Discuss the mechanism of lightning strokes and over

voltages on transmission lines. CO1.5 k5

4. Mention in detail about the different factors affecting corona.CO1.6 k5

5. Give the different forms of reflection and refraction coefficient of travelling waves.CO1.5 k46
 Unit 2

PART A (Objective Type – 1 mark)

1. According to Townsend current growth process the current (I) in a uniform electric field gap is
CO2.2 k2

(a) I0e− αd (b) I0eαd (c) I0e γd (d) I0e−γd

2. An electronegative gas is one in which CO2.3k4

(a) positive ions are formed along with electrons

(b) the gas has inherent negative charge
(c) gas is ionized due to electron bombardment
(d) the gases in which electron gets attached to form negative ion

3. Ionization coefficients α, γ are functions of CO2.4k5

 (a) applied voltage (b) pressure and temperature (c) electric field
(d) ratio of electric field to pressure

4. Paschen’s law states that CO2.2k4

(a) breakdown voltage is a function of electric field

(b) breakdown voltage is a function of pd
(c) α and γ depends on E/p.
(d) electronegative gases have high breakdown voltage.

5. Minimum sparking potential of air is about CO2.3 k2

(a) 100 V (b) 4.4kV (c) 40 V (d) 325 V

6. For a 1 cm gap in air at 760 mm pressure and 20°C

temperature,the breakdown voltage is CO2.4 k3

(a) 24kV (b) 30.3kV (c) 22.92 kV (d) 40kV

7. The breakdown voltage of gas or air with increase in pressure

under uniform field Has relation with pressure CO2.5 k2
 (a) almost linear (b) square (c) non-linear (d) reciprocal

8. Transformer oil is CO2.3 k3

(a) askeral (b) silicone oil (c) polyester (d) mineral oil
9. Dielectric constant of mineral oils is about CO2.2 k5
(a) 1.5 to 2.0 (b) 2.2 to 2.4 (c) 3.0 to 3.5 (d) 1.008
10.Which of the following liquids has highest breakdown
strength? CO2.3 k4

(a) Mineral oils (b) Silicone oils (c) Chlorinated hydrocarbon

oils (d) Polyolefins or esters

11.Which is having higher breakdown strength? CO2.6 k1

a. Solid dielectrics b. Liquid dielectrics

c. Gases dielectrics d. Equal in all.

12. Intrinsic breakdown occurs in time of the order of… CO2.6 k2

a. 10-5 s b. 105 s c. 10-8 s d. 108 s
13. In Breakdown tests, the tests voltages required for these tests
are usually of the order of….. CO2.8 k3
a. 0 – 10 Kv b. 20 – 50 kV c. 50 – 100 kV d. 100 – 200 kV

14. The gas which is employed as insulating material? CO2.5 k4

a. Oxygen b. Sulphur Hexafluoride

c. Tetrafluoromethane d.Ethylamine
 15. The long-term breakdown is also known as……. CO2.7 k4

a.Ageing breakdown b.Menacing breakdown

c.Both of these d.None of these

16.The thermal breakdown stresses are CO2.9 k3

a. Lower under ac conditions than under dc condition

b. Greater under ac condition than dc condition
c. Equal in both condition
d. None of these

17. High temperature hydrocarbons have CO2.8 k4

a. Higher boiling point and low viscosity

b. Lower boiling point and high viscosity
c. Lower boiling point and low viscosity
d. Higher boiling point and high viscosity

18.For applications in power cables, the dielectrics most

commonly used is CO2.9 k2
 a. Polyolefins b. Mineral oil

c. Benzene d. Diphenyl 19. Insulation is necessary for the protection of equipment.

19. Insulation is not necessary between …… CO2.8 k3

a. Coils and earth

b. Coils of different phases
c. Turns in a coil
d. None of these

20.The temperature limit for class F insulation is CO2.9 k5

a. 105°C b. 120°C c. 130°C d. 155°C

PART B (Short Answers – 4 marks)

1. Distinguish between the BD in pure liquid & commercial liquid.CO2.1 k2

2. What is Paschens Law?CO2.2 k3
3. Explain why Electronegative gas has high BD value.CO2.4 k4
4. Explain the detail view of secondary ionization?CO2.4 k5
5. What are the physical conditions governing ionization mechanism in gases dielectrics?CO2.5 k3
6.What is meant by Intrinsic strength of a solid dielectric. CO2.5 k1
7.List out the various properties of composite dielectrics.CO2.6 k2
8.Give the differences between electromechanical breakdown and thermal breakdown.CO2.8 k3
9.Explain how treeing and tracking leads to breakdown in solid insulating materials.CO2.5 k4
10.Mention the relation of breakdown in composite dielectrics. CO2.6 k5

PART C (Descriptive Type – 12 marks)

1. What are the physical conditions governing ionization mechanism in gases dielectrics?CO2.2 k2
2. Deduce the Townsend‟s breakdown criteria. Also define the Townsend‟s Primary and secondary
ionization coefficients.CO2.4 k3
3. Explain the various theories of breakdown mechanism of commercial liquid dielectrics.CO2.3
k4
4. Explain the various breakdown mechanism involving in solid dielectric breakdownCO2.5 k2
5. Explain thermal breakdown in solid dielectrics and its significance. CO2.6 k1
6. Discuss the concept of composite breakdown in dielectrics.CO2.9 k5

Unit 3
PART A (Objective Type – 1 mark)

1. The ripple voltage for half wave rectifier is CO3.1 k3

a. Smaller than that of full wave rectifier

b. Larger than that of full wave rectifier
c. Equal to that of full wave rectifier
d. None of these

2. The voltage doubler circuit is suitable for the voltage up to CO3.2 k6

 a. 2V
b. 4V
c. 6V
d. 8V

3. In Van de Graaff generators, the shape of high voltage electrode

is nearly spherical to avoid CO3.3 k2

a. High surface field gradients

b. Corona
c. Local discharges
d. All of these

4. In a multistage impulse generator, for producing very high voltages,

a bank of capacitors is CO3.6 k5

a. Charged in parallel and then discharged in series

b. Charged in series and then discharged in parallel
c. Charged in parallel and then discharged in parallel only
d. Charged in series and then discharged in series only

5. For producing large values of impulse currents, a number of

capacitors are charged in CO3.7 k4
 a. Parallel and discharged in series
b. Parallel and discharged in parallel
c. Series and discharged in series

d. Series and discharged in parallel

6. In a series RLC circuit, the wave front and wave tail times are
controlled by changing the value CO3.9 k2

a. R only
b. R and L simultaneously
c. R and C simultaneously
d. L and C simultaneously

7. The disadvantages of resonant transformers is CO3.8 k1

a. Pure sine wave output
b. No high power arcing

c. No repeated flashovers
d. Additional variable chokes

8. In large impulse generators, the spark gaps are generally CO3.7 k2

 a. Sphere gaps
b. Hemispherical gaps
c. Square gaps
d. Either (a) or (b)

9. In the half wave rectifier, charging current can be limited by

using an additional CO3.6 k1

a. Resistance in series with the secondary of the transformer.

b. Inductance in series with the primary of the transformer
c. Inductance in series with the primary of the transformer
d. Capacitance in series with the secondary of the transformer.

10. Usually, the impulse voltage is………….. CO3.4 k2

a. Unidirectional
b. Bidirectional
c. Tridirectional
d. Quadridirectional
11. The input voltage in Cockroft-Walton circuit is 50 kV, the load
current is 125 mA and the supply frequency is 50Hz. Each
capacitor 10 nF. The optimum number of stages required to
achieve the maximum output voltage is: CO3.6 k5
a.1
b.4
c.8
d.16
12. The standard shape of impulse wave as specified by the
American standard is 1.5/40 μsec. The number 1.5 is: CO3.4k5
a. Wave front.
b.Wave tail.
c.Wave head.
d. Wave footing.
13. The ratio of voltage drop in a 6 stage to 3 stage Cockroft Walton circuit is: CO3.3k4
 a.6
b.2
c.9
d.1
14.  The criterion for determining the number of stages for maximum output voltage in Cockroft – Walton
is: CO3.6 k2
a. Frequency of input
b. Capacitance of each stage
c. Required kVA
d. None of these
15.The high voltage d.c test on cable involves the application of direct current which is _________ times
the rated dc voltage for approximately ________ minutes: CO3.4 k3
a. 0.8 times, 15
b. 1.8 times, 30 minutes
c. 2.96 times, 45 minutes
d. 3.22 times, 57
16.Impulse ratio of a material depends on CO3.5 k2
a. Shape of wave
b. Polarity of impulse wave
c. Both of these
d. None of these
17._________ is the input to impulse generator: CO3.3 k3
a. DC Supply
b. AC Supply
c. Impulse
d. Triangular a.c

18. The term wave front is associated with ___________ CO3.5 k5

a.Sin
b.Triangular
c.Square
d.Impulse
19.The term wave front time represents the time taken to: CO3.3 k4
a. Reach from zero to its maximum peak value
b. Reach from 0.7 of peak to peak and again back to 0.7 after
c. Reach from 0.8 of peak to 0.9 of peak
d. None of these
20.The rectifier which generates high voltage d.c from a.c CO3.3 k4
a. Half-wave rectifiers
b. Full wave rectifiers
c. Voltage doubler type rectifiers
d. All of these

PART B (Short Answers – 4 marks)

1. List out the applications of high voltage AC and DC. CO3.1 k3

2. What are the limitations of Van de graff generator? CO3.2 k6
3.Give the expression of voltage ripple and regulation in multiplier circuits. CO3.3 k2
4.What is Trigatron gap? CO3.6 k3
5.Explain the concept of HVAC in cascaded transformer connection. CO3.5k4
6.What are the advantages of resonant transformers? CO3.6 k5
7.What are the components of multi-stage impulse generator? CO3.7 k3

PART C (Descriptive Type – 12 marks)

1. Mention in detail about the working of van-de-graff generator.CO3.1 k5

2. Give the different forms of impulse voltage generation circuits. CO3.2 k4
3. What are the different stages of multistage impulse generator circuits-MARX circuit?CO3.3 k2
4. Explain the concept of triggering and control of impulse generators. CO3.4 k3
5. An impulse generator has twelve stages with each condenser rated for 0.2micro farad and 132KV
The load capacitance is0.0012micro farad. Determine the series resistance and the damping
resistance needed to produce 1.2/50micro seconds impulse wave. What is the maximum output
voltage of the generator if the charging voltage is 100KV? CO3.5 k4

Unit 4
PART A (Objective Type – 1 mark)

1. In high ohmic series resistance with micro-ammeter method, the protective device with series
resistance is connected across the micro-ammeter because
(A) It protects the meter against the high voltages if series resistance fails or flash over
(B) It protect the meter from high currents during breakdown in test object
(C) It reduces the error of measurement
(D) All of the above

2.The ohmic value of series resistance R is chosen such that a current of ______is allowed for
full scale deflection in high ohmic series resistance with micro-ammeter method
(A) 1 to 2 µA
(B) 1 to 5 µA
(C) 1 to 10 µA
(D) 1 mA

3.The limitation of high ohmic resistance with micro-ammeter is

(A) Power dissipation and source loading
(B) Temperature effect and long time stability
(C) Voltage dependencies of resistive element and sensitivity of mechanical stresses
(D) All of the above

4.The voltmeter used for resistance potential divider is

(A) Digital voltmeter
(B) Electrostatic voltmeter
(C) Generating voltmeter
(D) Moving coil voltmeter

5.Generating voltmeter is used when

(A) Very high dc voltage is measured
(B) Very high ac voltage is measured
(C) Source loading is prohibited
(D) Impulse voltage peak is measured

6.The generating voltmeter is used to measure ac voltages if the speed of the drive motor is
(A) Half the frequency of the voltage to be measured
(B) The frequency of the voltage to be measured
(C) Double than the frequency of the voltage to be measured
(D) Not related with the frequency of the voltage to be measured

7.Advantage of generating voltmeter is

(A) No source loading
(B) No direct connection to HV terminal
(C) Calibration is easy
(D) All of above

8.Series capacitor voltmeter generates error for

(A) High AC voltage with pure sine wave
(B) High DC voltage with no ripple
(C) High impulse voltage with positive polarity
(D) High AC voltage contains more harmonics

9.A CVT is used for

(A) High voltage AC measuring device
(B) Relaying purpose
(C) Coupling condenser for power line carrier communication and relaying
(D) All of above

10.Electrostatic voltmeters can measure

(A) Only DC voltage
(B) Both DC and AC voltages up to high frequency
(C) Impulse voltages
(D) AC, DC and impulse voltages

11.In Electrostatic voltmeter, the force on the plate is proportional to

(A) Cube of applied voltage
(B) Applied voltage
(C) Square of applied voltage
(D) Square of charging current

12.What is the maximum voltage that can be measured if the safe working stress is 5kV/cm.
(A) 150 kV
(B) 100 kV
(C) 120 kV
(D) 200 kV

13.The electrostatic voltmeter is compact and much smaller in size if the insulating medium is
(A) Transformer oil
(B) Epoxy resin
(C) Compressed gas or vacuum
(D) Air

14.Series capacitor peak voltmeter is working on the principle of

(A) Half-wave rectified current is proportional to the peak value of ac current
(B) Leakage current of the series capacitor is proportional to the peak value of ac current
(C) Current of the series inductor is proportional to the peak value of ac current
(D) None of above

15.The source of error in series capacitor peak voltmeter is

(A) Deviation of frequency
(B) Improper rectification
(C) Source voltage has more than one peak
(D) All of above

16.The factor affecting the sparkover voltage of sphere gap is

(A) Nearby earthed object
(B) Atmospheric condition and humidity
(C) Irradiation
(D) All of the above

17.Spear gap measurement is linear and valid for gap spacing less than or equal to
(A) Radius of the sphere
(B) Diameter of the sphere
(C) Half the radius of sphere
(D) Two times diameter of the sphere

18.The main factors that affect the spark-over voltage of sphere gap are
(A) Humidity and waveform
(B) Nearby Earthed objects and atmospheric conditions
(C) Diameter of the sphere
(D) Gap spacing, diameter and waveform

19.A resistance divider of 1400 kV (impulse) has a high voltage arm of 16 kΩ and a lower
voltage arm consisting 16 members of 250 Ω, 2 watts resistors in parallel. The divider is
connected with CRO through a cable of surge impedance 75 Ω resistor. Calculate the exact
divider ratio
(A) 1150
(B) 3067
(C) 1238
(D) 1467

20.Hall generators are normally used to measure

(A) Impulse voltages
(B) Unidirectional impulse currents
(C) Any type of impulse currents
(D) Large AC currents
PART B (Short Answers – 4 marks)

1.What are the different techniques for impulse current measurement?

2.What are the advantages and limitations of generating voltmeter?
3.What are the advantages of CVT measurement in HVAC?
4.Draw the simple circuit of peak reading voltmeter and it’s equivalent.
5.What are the high voltage d.c measurement techniques used?
6.List the factors that are influencing the peak voltage measurement using sphere gap.
7.What are the methods available for measuring ac voltages of power frequency?
8.What is hall voltage and hall coefficient?

PART C (Descriptive Type – 12 marks)

1. Explain measurements of very high voltages using sphere gaps. Mention merits and de merits
of using sphere gaps& also explain digital peak voltmeter & rod gaps.
2. With a neat sketch explain the principle of operation of an electrostatic voltmeter for HVAC
measurement. What are the merits and demerits?
3. Explain generating voltmeter for measuring high DC voltage.
4. What is CVT? Explain through phasor diagram how a tuned CVT can be used for HVAC
measurement in substations. & also explain series capacitor peak voltmeter.
5. Explain the methods of measurement of high frequency current.
6. Explain the methods of measurement of high impulse current.

Unit 5
PART A (Objective Type – 1 mark)

1.The electrical field developed within clouds before a lightning stroke occurs can be of the
order of
(A) 0.1 kV/cm
(B) 1 kV/cm
(C) 100 kV/cm
(D) 10 kV/cm

2.The maximum voltage gradient at the ground level due to a charged cloud before lightning
strikes, can be as high as
(A) 1 V/cm
(B) 30 V/cm
(C) 30 V/m
(D) 300 V/cm

3.The velocity of wind currents required for charge separation inside the moving clouds is of
the order
(A) 1 to 5 m/s
(B) 5 to 10 m/s
(C) 10 to 20 m/s
(D) 50 to 200 m/s

4.For the measurement of radio interference voltages, the detector circuit is provided with a
measuring device to measure
(A). Average Value
(B). Peak Value
(C). Quasi-Peak Value
(D). All of these.

5.For Operating Power Frequency Voltages, A Surge Arrester Has To Be A

(A). Conductor
(B). Non-Conductor
(C). Semiconductor
(D). None Of These

6. Impulse testing of transformers is done using

(A). Full wave standard impulse
(B). Chopped wave standard impulse
(C). Half wave standard impulse
(D). Only (a) and (b)

7.The expected life at the rated stress can be determined by conducting long duration life tests at
increased stress for
(A). Less than 1 hr
(B). 1 hr to about 1000 hr
(C). More than 1000 hr
(D). None of these

8. The ground flash over density (N g) in any region due to lightning activity is about
(TD=Thunderstorm days)
(A) 0.1 to 0.2 TD/km2-year
(B) 1 to 2 TD/km2-year
(C) 30 to 50 TD/km2-year
(D) 5 to 15 TD/km2-year

9. A 400 Ω Overhead line is connected to a cable having a surge impedance of 50 Ω, the

transmission coefficient into the cable is
(A) 2/9
(B) 1/4
(C) -16/9
(D) 1/9

10. For Surge voltage computation, a transformer is represented by an equivalent circuit of

(A) R-L parallel network
(B) L-C parallel network
(C) R-L series network
(D) R-L-C series network

11. Switching overvoltage in power system networks are of the order of

(A) 1.5 pu
(B) 2.5 to 3.5 pu
(C) 10 pu or more
(D) 1 pu

12. Overhead transmission lines are protected from lightning overvoltages by

(A) Counter poise wires
(B) Protector tubes
(C) Ground or shielded wires above the main conductors
(D) Shunt reactors

13. The material used in gap less surge arresters used in HV power system is
(A) Graphite
(B) Aluminium oxide
(C) Zinc oxide
(D) Silicon carbide

14. Material that is used in surge arresters for EHV and UHV power systems
(A) Silicon carbide
(B) Zinc oxide
(C) Aluminium oxide
(D) Metal oxide

15. Basic impulse level (BIL) of a power system is define as

(A) The minimum insulation impulse withstand voltage of any power equipment or
apparatus
(B) The maximum power frequency withstand voltage of any power equipment for apprentice
(C) The minimum power frequency withstand voltage of any apparatus or power equipment
(D) The peak value of highest system voltages
16. The BIL of a power system is usually chosen as
(A) 25% to 30% more than the protective level offered by the protective devices (surge
arresters etc.)
(B) 50% more than the protective level offered by the protective devices (surge arresters etc.)
(C) 5% to 10% more than the protective level offered by the protective devices (surge
arresters etc.)
(D) Highest lightning Surge voltage expected.

17. The duration of switching surges in GIS is

(A) Milliseconds
(B) Microseconds
(C) Few nanoseconds and less than a microseconds
(D) Few tens of microseconds

18. Indirect strokes near overhead transmission lines induce overvoltages due to
(A) Electrostatic induction
(B) Both electrostatic and electromagnetic induction
(C) Only electromagnetic induction
(D) Conduction currents through line conductors

19. The Purpose of insulation coordination is to

(A) Limit the overvoltages
(B) To protect the electrical apparatus against overvoltages
(C) To grade the insulation of different power apparatus and overhead lines such that
the list important and easily replaceable apparatus flashes or fails first and the most
important one is protected to the highest level.
(D) None the above

20. In EHV and UHV system, ratio of BIL to SIL will be usually
(A) Less than unity
(B) More than 1.5
(C) 1.5 to 2.0
(D) 1.2 to 1.5

PART B (Short Answers – 4 marks)

1.Name the different types of standard tests conducted on high voltage apparatus.
2.Differentiate type test and routine test. (or) What do you mean by type tests and routine
test?
3.What is the test conducted on cables?
4.Explain the reasons for conducting wet tests on high voltage apparatus and give the
specifications for the water used for wet tests.
5.Differentiate flashover and puncture.
6.What is the test conducted on bushings?

PART C (Descriptive Type – 12 marks)

1.With a neat sketch explain the impulse testing on the power transformer.
2. Discuss the various test carried out in a circuit breaker at HV labs.
3. What are the different power frequency tests done on bushings? Mention the procedure for testing.
4. Briefly discuss the various tests carried out the insulator.
5. What is meant by insulation coordination? How are the protective devices chosen for optimal insulation
level in a power system?
6. Explain the terms:
(i) With stand voltage (ii) Flash over voltage
(iii) 50% flash over voltage (iv) Wet and dry power frequency tests
7. Explain the following terms used in HV testing as per the standards:
(i) Disruptive discharge voltage (ii) Creepage distance
(iii) Impulse voltage (iv) 100% flash over voltage.
8(i) What are the tests conducted on circuit breakers and isolator switches? Explain about any one of the
tests.
(ii) What are different tests conducted on cables? Explain any one of them.
9.Give the detailed description of radio interference measurements.
10.explain in detail about the testing of isolators and circuit breakers.