Questions Mentioning COs & RBTL and Its

Marks Distribution
Course Outcomes (COs) As Per Syllabus
CO1: Elucidate the basic biological concepts via relevant
industrial applications and case studies
CO2: Evaluate the principles of design and development, for
exploring novel bioengineering projects
CO3: Corroborate the concepts of biomimetics for specific
requirements
CO4: Think critically towards exploring innovative biobased
solutions for socially relevant problems

Revised Blooms Taxonomy Level (RBTL)

1) Remembering
2) Understanding
3) Applying
4) Analyzing
5) Evaluating
6) Creating

1
 Module 1
Carbohydrates:
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 How can the understanding of the primary functions of 10 CO1 RBTL
carbohydrates in the human body be applied to explain the 3
contributions of different types of carbohydrates to these
functions?
2 Analyze the industrial applications of different types of 10 CO1 RBTL
carbohydrates and provide an explanation of their distinct 4
characteristics.

Marks Distribution:
Defining carbohydrates – 1 Marks
Mentioning: Mono, Di, and Polysaccharides – 1 Marks
Explaining importance of mono, di, and polysaccharides - 3 Marks
Explaining any 5 industrial applications – 5 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions
1. Compare and contrast monosaccharide and disaccharides in terms of their molecular
structure and function. RBTL3
2. Evaluate the role of carbohydrates in maintaining the health and survival of living
organisms. RBTL3
3. Analyze the industrial applications of carbohydrates in various industries and their
significance. RBTL3
4. Develop a model to illustrate the structure of a polysaccharide and its role as a storage
molecule for energy in living organisms. RBTL4
5. Design an experiment to investigate the effect of different types of carbohydrates on the
growth of a particular species of bacteria. RBTL4
6. Create a flowchart to describe the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the human
body. RBTL4
7. Evaluate the impact of excessive carbohydrate consumption on human health, including
the risk of developing metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. RBTL5
8. Synthesize information from different sources to explain the role of carbohydrates in cellular
processes such as cellular signaling and recognition. RBTL5
9. Assess the potential of carbohydrates as a sustainable source of energy and their contribution
to reducing carbon emissions in the context of climate change. RBTL5
10. Propose a research project to investigate the potential of carbohydrates as a source of
renewable energy, including the challenges and opportunities associated with their use.
RBTL6
11. Evaluate the ethical and social implications of using carbohydrates in biotechnology,
particularly in the production of biodegradable plastics and bio fuel. RBTL6
12. Create a persuasive argument to advocate for the increased use of carbohydrates in the food
and beverage industry as a healthier alternative to artificial sweeteners and other additives.

2
RBTL6

3
Cellulose Based Water Filters
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 What are the key advantages and limitations of cellulose-based 10 CO1 RBTL
water filters, and how can this information be applied to 2
understand their practical implications?
Marks Distribution:
A short introduction to cellulose, and cellulose based water filters – 1 Marks
Any 3 importance, mentioning and explaining – 3 Marks
Any 3 applications, mentioning and explaining – 3 Marks
Any 3 limitations, mentioning and explaining – 3 Marks
2 How does analyzing the materials used, properties of materials, 10 CO1 RBTL
and construction of cellulose-based water filters contribute to 4
understanding their effectiveness and suitability for water
filtration applications?
Marks Distribution:
A brief note with examples of cellulose materials used in house hold water filters – 1 Mark
Explaining the properties of cellulose to be used as filter materials – 4 Marks
General steps of constructing cellulose based water filter – 5 marks

Assignment/Seminar Questions
1. Explain the properties of cellulose-based water filters that make them an attractive choice
for water filtration. RBTL3
2. Discuss the importance of cellulose-based water filters in promoting sustainability in
water treatment processes. RBTL3
3. Enumerate the advantages of cellulose-based water filters for water filtration. RBTL4
4. Discuss the limitations of cellulose-based water filters that need to be considered when
choosing a water filtration solution. RBTL4
5. Explain the properties of cellulose-based water filters that make them an attractive choice
for water filtration. RBTL5
6. Discuss the importance of cellulose-based water filters, highlighting their benefits in
terms of sustainability, affordability, and versatility. RBTL5
7. What are the advantages of cellulose-based water filters? Provide reasons to support your
answer. RBTL5
8. Describe the limitations of cellulose-based water filters and the factors that need to be
considered when choosing a water filtration solution. RBTL5
9. What is the construction process of cellulose-based water filters, and what are the steps
involved in their construction? RBTL6
10. Discuss the factors that need to be considered when selecting a cellulose material for the
water filter. RBTL6
11. Explain the different applications of cellulose-based water filters in household, industrial,
and agricultural settings. RBTL6

4
 12. How do cellulose-based water filters contribute to sustainability in water treatment
processes? Provide examples to support your answer. RBTL6

PHA as Bioplastic
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 How can the knowledge of PHA to be applied to address 10 CO1 RBTL
specific engineering challenges in sustainable material 3
development?

Marks Distribution:
About PHA – 1 Marks
Structural representation – 1 Marks
Properties of PHA as a sustainable material – 4 Marks
Engineering application – 4 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions

1. How are PHAs different from traditional petroleum-based plastics? RBTL3

2. Explain the properties of PHAs that make them ideal for use as bio plastics. RBTL3
3. Describe the conventional plastic processing techniques that can be used to process
PHAs. RBTL3
4. In what ways are PHAs used in various forms of packaging? RBTL3
5. Explain the role of PHA in the production of biodegradable insulation and soundproofing
materials. RBTL3
6. Compare and contrast the properties of PHAs with traditional petroleum-based plastics.
RBTL4
7. Evaluate the effectiveness of PHAs as an environmentally friendly alternative to
traditional plastics. RBTL4
8. Analyze the potential impact of PHA bioplastics on the economy and society. RBTL4
9. Investigate the challenges that need to be addressed for PHAs to become a more widely
used alternative to traditional plastics. RBTL4
10. Examine the environmental benefits of using PHAs in agriculture. RBTL4
11. Assess the effectiveness of PHA bioplastics in reducing the amount of plastic waste in the
environment. RBTL5
12. Evaluate the impact of PHA bioplastics on the overall sustainability of the packaging
industry. RBTL5
13. Critique the role of PHA bioplastics in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. RBTL5
14. Assess the economic feasibility of using PHA bioplastics in various industries. RBTL5
15. Evaluate the potential health risks associated with using PHA bioplastics in medical
devices. RBTL5
16. Design a biodegradable packaging solution using PHAs. RBTL6
17. Develop a sustainable business model for the production and use of PHA bioplastics.
RBTL6
18. Create a marketing strategy to promote the use of PHA bioplastics to consumers. RBTL6
19. Devise a plan to integrate PHA bioplastics into existing manufacturing processes in
5
various industries. RBTL6

6
 20. Design an experiment to evaluate the biodegradability of PHA bioplastics under different
environmental conditions. RBTL6

PLA as Bioplastic
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 How can the understanding of PLA bioplastic, including its 10 CO1 RBTL
introduction, properties, and engineering applications, be applied 3
to address specific sustainability challenges in the field
of materials engineering?

Marks Distribution:
Introduction to PLA – 1 Mark
Properties – 4 Marks
Engineering applications – 5 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions

1. Explain how Polylactic Acid (PLA) is made from renewable resources, and how it
reduces dependence on finite petroleum resources. RBTL3
2. Describe the appearance and physical properties of PLA that make it suitable for
packaging applications. RBTL3
3. Compare the stiffness and strength of PLA to traditional petroleum-based plastics.
RBTL3
4. Discuss the biocompatibility of PLA, and how it is used in medical devices and food
packaging. RBTL3
5. Evaluate the environmental impact of PLA as a sustainable alternative to traditional
petroleum-based plastics. RBTL4
6. Analyze the properties of PLA and how they make it suitable for various engineering
applications. RBTL4
7. Critique the limitations of PLA, including its heat resistance and potential negative
impact on wildlife if not properly disposed of. RBTL4
8. Assess the potential economic benefits of using PLA in various industries, such as
agriculture and construction. RBTL4
9. Design a new product that utilizes PLA as a sustainable alternative to traditional
petroleum-based plastics. RBTL5
10. Develop a plan to reduce the negative impact of PLA waste on the environment, such as
by implementing better disposal methods or improving composting facilities. RBTL5
11. Create a chart comparing the physical and chemical properties of PLA to other bio
plastics, such as Poly hydroxyl alkanoates (PHAs). RBTL5
12. Formulate a hypothesis on how the properties of PLA could be improved to make it a
more effective alternative to traditional plastics. RBTL5
13. Synthesize a comprehensive report on the benefits and limitations of PLA as a bioplastic,
and how it compares to other sustainable alternatives. RBTL6
14. Construct an experiment to test the biodegradability of PLA under various conditions,
and analyze the results to draw conclusions about its environmental impact. RBTL6
7
 15. Generate a new theory on how PLA could be used in innovative ways to solve current
environmental challenges, such as reducing plastic waste in oceans. RBTL6
16. Create a research proposal outlining a project to investigate the use of PLA in a specific
industry, such as electronics or construction, and how it could benefit both the environment
and the economy. RBTL6

Nu Questions Marks CO RBTL

clei
c
Aci
ds
Q.
No.
1 Analyse and explain nucleic acid-based vaccines in addressing 10 CO4 RBTL
emerging infectious diseases and improving public health 4
2 How can the nucleic acids be applied to assess their 10 CO4 RBTL
effectiveness in addressing emerging infectious diseases and 3
improving public health?

Marks Distribution:
Introduction to Nucleic acids, mentioning the two types – 2 Mark
Introduction to DNA vaccines – 1 Mark
Importance of DNA vaccines for rabies – 3 M
Introduction to RNA vaccines – 1 Mark
Importance of RNA vaccines for Covid 19 – 3 M

Assignment/Seminar Questions

DNA Vaccines

• How can a DNA vaccine for rabies offer long-lasting protection compared to traditional
vaccines? RBTL3
• What are the advantages of using DNA vaccines for preventing the spread of infectious
diseases like rabies? RBTL3
• How does the ease of administration of DNA vaccines make them particularly useful in
areas where access to medical facilities is limited? RBTL3
• Compare and contrast the efficacy of DNA vaccines for rabies with traditional vaccines.
RBTL4
• Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using DNA vaccines for preventing the
spread of rabies in developing countries. RBTL4
• Analyze the potential impact of DNA vaccines on the field of vaccine development and
8
 the treatment of diseases like rabies. RBTL4
• Assess the potential economic impact of using DNA vaccines for preventing the spread
of rabies in developing countries. RBTL5
• Evaluate the ethical implications of using DNA vaccines for rabies prevention in animals
and humans. RBTL5
• Critique the use of DNA vaccines for rabies prevention and compare it with other
available prevention methods. RBTL5
• Design a study to investigate the efficacy and safety of a new DNA vaccine for rabies
prevention in animals. RBTL6

9
 • Develop a proposal for a public health campaign aimed at increasing awareness about the
benefits of DNA vaccines for preventing the spread of rabies in developing countries.
RBTL6
• Create a plan for implementing DNA vaccines for rabies prevention in a specific region,
considering logistical and ethical concerns. RBTL6
RNA Vaccines
• How does an RNA vaccine work, and what is the process of introducing the pathogen's
RNA into the body to stimulate an immune response against the disease? RBTL3
• Discuss the advantages of RNA vaccines over traditional vaccines, citing examples of
diseases that RNA vaccines are being developed and tested for. RBTL3
• In what ways are RNA vaccines for COVID-19 different from traditional vaccines, and
what advantages do they offer in the fight against COVID-19? RBTL3
• Compare and contrast the development process and timeline of RNA vaccines with
traditional vaccines, highlighting the key differences and similarities. RBTL4
• Discuss the potential impact of RNA vaccines on vaccine development and the fight
against infectious diseases in the future. RBTL4
• Analyze the safety and efficacy of RNA vaccines for COVID-19, citing examples of
clinical trials and their results. RBTL4
• Design a hypothetical RNA vaccine for a new strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, explaining
the modifications you would make and why. RBTL5
• Develop a plan for the large-scale production and distribution of RNA vaccines in
emergency situations, highlighting the key steps and considerations involved. RBTL5
• Evaluate the potential benefits and drawbacks of RNA vaccines for the prevention and
treatment of cancer, comparing them with traditional cancer treatments. RBTL6
• Assess the ethical considerations surrounding the use of RNA vaccines, including issues
related to safety, efficacy, and access, and propose possible solutions to these challenges.
RBTL6

Forensics – DNA Fingerprinting

Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 How can a critical analysis of the importance and working 10 CO4 RBTL
principles of DNA fingerprinting be applied to evaluate its 4
effectiveness and reliability in forensic applications?
2 How can the significance and functioning of DNA 10 CO4 RBTL
fingerprinting be explained in the context of its application in 3
forensic investigations?

Marks Distribution:
Introduction to DNA finger printing – 1 Mark
Importance of DNA for forensic fingerprinting applications – 5 Marks
Working of DNA fingerprinting for forensic applications – 4 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions

10
 1. How is DNA extracted from a biological sample in the process of DNA fingerprinting?
RBTL3
2. What is the importance of DNA amplification in the DNA fingerprinting process?
RBTL3
3. How is gel electrophoresis used in DNA analysis during DNA fingerprinting? RBTL3
4. How is the DNA profile obtained from a biological sample compared to the DNA profiles
of other individuals in forensic investigations? RBTL3
5. What are the markers analyzed during DNA fingerprinting, and why are they important?
RBTL4
6. How does the process of gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments, and how does this
contribute to the identification of an individual's DNA profile? RBTL4
7. What are the limitations of DNA fingerprinting, and how do they impact its use in forensic
investigations? RBTL4
8. Evaluate the use of DNA fingerprinting in criminal investigations. What are its strengths and
weaknesses? RBTL5
9. How does artificial intelligence play a role in DNA analysis for forensic purposes, and what
are its benefits and drawbacks compared to manual analysis? RBTL5
10. To what extent should DNA fingerprinting be used in resolving paternity disputes, and what
ethical considerations should be taken into account? RBTL5
11. Develop a proposal for improving the accuracy and efficiency of DNA fingerprinting in
forensic investigations, taking into account the limitations of current techniques and
technologies. RBTL6
12. Create a training program for forensic analysts on the use of artificial intelligence in DNA
analysis for forensic purposes, including the benefits and limitations of the technology.
RBTL6

Proteins
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 How would you apply the knowledge of protein functions to 10 CO1 RBTL
recommend suitable protein sources for specific dietary needs, 3
considering factors such as whey protein, meat analogues, and
plant-based proteins? Provide examples to support your
recommendations.
2 How would you analyze the functions of proteins, the utilization 10 CO1 RBTL
of whey protein as a food source, the development of meat 4
analogues as protein substitutes, and the significance of plant-
based proteins in the context of nutrition and dietary
choices?
Marks Distribution:
Functions of proteins mentioning 1) Catalyzing chemical reactions, 2) Transporting molecules,
3) Providing mechanical support, 4) Regulating cell behaviour – 2 Marks
Short note on whey protein and uses – 3 Marks
Short note on meat analogues with examples – 3 Marks
11
 Short note on benefits and uses of plant based proteins – 2 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions
1. How does the consumption of whey protein as a food supplement contribute to muscle
recovery and growth in athletes? Explain the underlying mechanisms involved. RBTL 3
2. Describe how plant-based proteins can be incorporated into a vegetarian diet to meet the
recommended daily protein intake. Provide specific examples of plant-based protein sources
and their nutritional benefits. RBTL 3
3. Compare and contrast the nutritional profiles of meat analogues and their animal-based
counterparts in terms of protein content, amino acid composition, and overall health
implications. RBTL 3
4. Discuss the role of proteins in food product development, specifically focusing on the
challenges and considerations involved in formulating plant-based protein alternatives to
meat products. RBTL 3
5. Analyze the impact of different processing methods (e.g., extraction, purification, and
denaturation) on the functional properties and nutritional quality of whey protein. Discuss
the effects of these processes on the protein structure and its subsequent benefits or
drawbacks. RBTL 4
6. Compare and contrast the protein composition and functional characteristics of popular meat
analogues available in the market, highlighting their unique features and potential
limitations. RBTL 4
7. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of consuming plant-based proteins comparedto
animal-based proteins in terms of their nutritional value, environmental impact, and potential
health benefits. RBTL 4
8. Analyze the protein composition of different plant-based protein sources (e.g., legumes,
grains, and nuts) and discuss their suitability for meeting the dietary protein requirements
of various population groups. RBTL 4
9. Critically evaluate the scientific evidence supporting the health benefits of whey protein
consumption, considering its effects on muscle protein synthesis, satiety, and weight
management. Discuss any conflicting findings or limitations in the research. RBTL 5
10. Assess the environmental sustainability of meat analogues as alternatives to conventional
meat products, considering factors such as land use, greenhouse gas emissions, and water
consumption. Discuss the potential impact of meat analogues on mitigating climate change.
RBTL 5
11. Evaluate the effectiveness of different protein extraction methods (e.g., solvent extraction,
enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation) for obtaining high-quality plant- based proteins.
Discuss the factors to consider when selecting an extraction method for specific plant
sources. RBTL 5
12. Critically analyze the nutritional adequacy and potential health risks associated with a diet
primarily based on plant-based protein sources. Consider factors such as protein quality,
amino acid profiles, and the need for complementary protein combinations. RBTL 5
13. Develop a comprehensive dietary plan for a vegetarian athlete that optimizes their protein
intake from plant-based sources. Include specific meal recommendations, portion sizes,

12
 and considerations for meeting their nutritional needs for performance and recovery.
RBTL 6
14. Design an innovative plant-based meat analogue product, considering factors such as protein
source selection, texture, taste, and nutritional profile. Describe the product formulation and
provide a rationale for its potential market appeal. RBTL 6
15. Propose a research study investigating the effects of novel food processing techniques on
the functional and sensory properties of plant-based proteins. Outline the research
objectives, experimental design, and expected outcomes. RBTL 6
16. Create an educational infographic or video explaining the importance of protein diversity in
a balanced diet, showcasing different plant-based protein sources, their nutritional benefits,
and suggestions for incorporating them into daily meals. RBTL 6

Lipids
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 How can you apply your knowledge of lipids to explain their role 10 CO1 RBTL
in biological processes, discuss engineering applications of lipids, 3
describe the advantages of lipids as biodiesel, and
outline the process of obtaining biodiesel from lipids?
2 Explain the application of your knowledge of lipids byanalyzing 10 CO1 RBTL
their crucial role in biological processes, evaluating diverse 4
engineering applications of lipids, assessing the advantages of
lipids as biodiesel, and synthesizing a comprehensive overview
of the process involved in obtaining
biodiesel from lipids.

Marks Distribution:
Short note on lipids and the role of lipids – 2 Marks
Mentioning engineering applications of lipids – 2 Marks
Short note on advantages of lipids as biodiesel – 3 Marks
The Process of Obtaining Biodiesel from Lipids – 3 Marks
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
3 How do lipids function as cleaning agents or detergents? 10 CO1 RBTL
Provide examples of lipids used in cleaning agents, and discuss 3
their advantages and limitations.
Marks Distribution
Short note on lipids, properties and applications of lipid as cleaning agent – 2 Marks
Examples of lipids used as cleaning agent – 2 Marks
Mentioning advantages – 2 Marks
Mentioning limitations – 2 Marks
Short note on working principle – 2 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions

13
 1. Explain the mechanism by which lipids function as cleaning agents or detergents. Provide
specific examples of lipids commonly used in cleaning agents, and analyze their advantages
and limitations in the cleaning process. RBTL 4
2. Assess the significance of lipids in biological processes by critically evaluating their role
and impact on cellular functions, considering the interplay between lipid metabolism and
various physiological pathways, and analyzing the consequences of lipid dysregulation in
diseases. RBTL 5
3. Evaluate the engineering applications of lipids by examining their use in pharmaceutical
formulations, biotechnology processes, and biomaterial development, and critically
analyzing their effectiveness, limitations, and potential for innovation in these applications.
RBTL 5
4. Evaluate the effectiveness of lipids as cleaning agents or detergents. Compare and contrast
different types of lipids used in cleaning agents, analyzing their respective advantages,
limitations, and performance in removing various types of stains and dirt. RBTL 5
5. Design a comprehensive biodiesel production plan using lipids as feedstock, considering
various lipid sources, extraction methods, and transesterification processes. Justify your
design choices, discuss the technical and economic feasibility, and propose strategies for
optimizing the biodiesel production process, including waste management and sustainability
considerations. RBTL 6
6. Develop a novel lipid-based technology or product that addresses a specific industry or
societal need. Outline the concept, describe the underlying engineering principles, and
present a detailed plan for implementation, including considerations for safety, scalability,
and potential impact on the targeted application or problem. RBTL 6
7. Create a comprehensive guide on utilizing lipids as efficient and environmentally friendly
cleaning agents. Develop a novel formulation using specific types of lipids, considering their
unique properties and surfactant capabilities. Justify your formulation by discussing its
potential advantages over conventional cleaning agents and its potential impact on cleaning
effectiveness and sustainability. RBTL 6

Enzymes
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 Apply your knowledge to explain the properties of enzymes for 10 CO2 RBTL
engineering applications, discuss their various engineering 3
applications highlighting their advantages and limitations of
Glucose-Oxidase in biosensors and Lignolytic Enzymes in bio-
bleaching.
2 Evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing Glucose-Oxidase in 10 CO2 RBTL
biosensors and Lignolytic Enzymes in bio-bleaching 4
considering their advantages and limitations.
Marks Distribution:
Mentioning properties of enzymes – 1 Mark

14
 Mentioning engineering applications of enzymes – 1 Mark
About biosensors and glucose-oxidase enzyme as biosensor – 2 Marks
Advantages and limitations of glucose-oxidase enzyme as biosensor – 2 Marks
About biobleaching and lignotic enzyme for biobleaching application – 2 Marks
Advantages and limitations of lignotic enzyme for biobleaching application – 2 Marks

Assignment/Seminar Questions
1. Evaluate the effectiveness of Glucose-Oxidase as a biosensor enzyme by considering its
properties, engineering applications, and advantages and limitations in detecting glucose
levels. Compare and contrast its performance with other enzyme-based biosensors for
glucose detection. RBTL 5
2. Assess the impact of Lignolytic Enzymes in bio-bleaching processes by analyzing their
properties, engineering applications, and advantages and limitations in the paper and pulp
industry. Evaluate the environmental and economic benefits of using these enzymes
compared to traditional bleaching methods. RBTL 5
3. Design a novel engineering application utilizing the properties of Glucose-Oxidase in
biosensors. Explain the concept, outline the required components, and discuss how this
application can improve glucose monitoring in a specific context. Justify the advantages of
using Glucose-Oxidase and propose innovative solutions to overcome its limitations. RBTL
6
4. Develop an innovative approach for utilizing Lignolytic Enzymes in bio-bleaching processes
to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of the paper and pulp industry. Present a detailed
plan incorporating the properties of these enzymes, engineering principles, and strategies to
optimize the bio-bleaching process while considering environmental and economic
considerations. RBTL 6

Module 2
Brain as a CPU System
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 Compare the brain and computer system by analyzing their key 10 CO2 RBTL
characteristics, functionalities, and processing mechanisms, and 4
critically evaluate the architectural differences between them.
Marks Distribution:
Any 5 comparison (Construction, Memory growth, Backup systems, Memory power, Memory
density, Energy consumption, Information storage, Size and weight, Transmission of
information, Information processing power, Input/output equipment, Structural organization,
Parallelism, Reliability and damageability properties) – 5 Marks
Comparison between Brains Computing System with Conventional Von Neumann Computing
System – 3 Marks
Representing images of architectures of (a) Brains Computing System, and (b) Conventional
Von Neumann Computing System:

15
 –2M
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
2 Compare the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous 10 CO1 RBTL
System by identifying their main functions and describing their 3
structural differences. Explain how signal transmission occurs
from the brain to the peripheral nerves.

Marks Distribution:
Schematic representation – 1 Mark
Comparing the functions of CNS and PNS – 6 Marks
Signal transmission in the brain occurs through the firing of nerve cells, or neurons – explanation
– 3 Marks
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
3 Explain the engineering applications of EEG and its role in 10 CO2 RBTL
capturing different types of brain activity. Evaluate the feasibility 4
and advantages of using myoelectric control for robotic arm
prosthetics and compare it with brain-machine interfaces.
Analyze the engineering solutions available for Parkinson's
disease and assess their effectiveness in managing
the symptoms and improving the quality of life for patients.
Marks Distribution:
Meaning of EEG – 1 Mark

16
 EEG Signals and Types of Brain Activity: Explanation with table

- 2 Marks
Explaining Robotic Arm Prosthetic Direct Control through Muscle Signals (myoelectric control)
– 2 Marks
Explaining Robotic Arm Prosthetic by Brain-Machine Interfaces – 2 Marks
Engineering Solutions for Parkinson’s Disease (mentioning any 3 of Deep Brain Stimulation
(DBS), Exoskeletons, Tele rehabilitation, Smart watch Applications, Virtual Reality) – 3
Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions
1. Evaluate the similarities and differences between the brain and computer system in terms
of their key characteristics, functionalities, and processing mechanisms. Assess the strengths
and limitations of each system in performing complex tasks, and analyze how their
architectures contribute to their respective capabilities. RBTL 5
2. Evaluate the effectiveness of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS) in transmitting and processing signals. Compare their respective roles in
coordinating and regulating bodily functions, and critically assess their importance in
maintaining overall homeostasis. RBTL 5
3. How would you evaluate and critically assess the effectiveness and limitations of using EEG
(Electroencephalography) in engineering applications for capturing different types of brain
activity, considering its potential in medical diagnosis, neurofeedback, and brain- computer
interface technologies? RBTL 5
4. Propose a novel architecture that combines the key characteristics and functionalities of
the brain and computer system to create a more efficient and intelligent processing system.
Justify your design choices by considering the potential advantages and advancements that
can be achieved through such an integrated system, and discuss the potential applications in
fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, or cognitive computing. RBTL 6
5. Design a hypothetical integrated system that combines the functionalities of the Central
Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) to enhance signal
transmission and processing. Justify your design choices by considering the advantages

17
 and potential applications of such a system in improving human performance or addressing
neurological disorders. RBTL 6
6. Design and create an innovative engineering solution for Parkinson's disease that combines
myoelectric control and brain-machine interfaces, considering the unique challenges and
requirements of the disease. Justify your design choices and explain how your solution can
improve symptom management and enhance the quality of life for patients. RBTL 6

Eye as a Camera System:

Q. Question M
CO RBTL
No. a
r
k
s
1 How can you analyze and compare the architectural differences between a 1CO1 RBTL
camera and the anatomy of the human eye, focusing on the structural 0 4
characteristics of rod and cone cells, and explain how these differences
contribute to the visual perception and color vision? Additionally, discuss
the common refractive errors of the eye and various optical corrections
available to address them, considering their effectiveness and
limitations.

Marks Distribution:
Compare the main components of the eye that correspond to a camera system (The Cornea, The
Iris, The Pupil, The Retina, The Optic Nerve) – 2 Marks
Comparing the architecture of Rod and Cone cells – 2 Marks
Explaining refractive corrections [Myopia (nearsightedness), Hyperopia (farsightedness), and
Astigmatism] – 3 Marks
Explaining optical corrections (Eyeglasses, Contact lenses, Refractive surgery) – 3Marks
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.

2 How can you analyze and explain the characteristics and effects of 10 CO1 RBTL
cataract, including its causes, symptoms, and impact on vision? 4
Evaluate the different types of lens materials used in cataract
surgery and assess their suitability in terms of biocompatibility,
optical properties, and long-term outcomes. Additionally, discuss
the concept of a bionic eye, including the materials used in its
construction, and describe the working principles of a bionic eye,
highlighting its ability to restore
vision in individuals with vision impairments.

Marks Distribution:

18
 Meaning of cataract and its symptoms – 2 Marks
Examples of lens materials used with their properties (any 3 of Polymethyl methacrylate,
Silicone, Acrylic, Hydrophobic acrylic, Hydrophilic acrylic) – 3 Marks
Meaning of bionic eye and the materials used (mentioning of Silicon, Biocompatible materials,
Conductive materials, Polymers, Optical materials, Biocompatible and flexible materials) – 3
Marks

19
 Working of bionic eye – 2 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions
1. Evaluate the effectiveness of different optical corrections for refractive errors in the human
eye, considering factors such as visual acuity, comfort, and long-term outcomes. Compare
and contrast the advantages and limitations of various corrective measures, such as glasses,
contact lenses, and refractive surgeries, in terms of their impact on visual performance and
quality of life. RBTL 5
2. Evaluate the advancements and challenges in the field of bionic eye technology, considering
its potential applications, limitations, and impact on improving the quality of life for
individuals with visual impairments. RBTL 5
3. Create an innovative design proposal for a personalized optical correction solution that
addresses specific refractive errors and accommodates individual preferences and lifestyle
needs. Justify the design choices based on scientific principles and evidence, and consider
the potential impact of the proposed solution on improving visual acuity, comfort, and
overall visual well-being. RBTL 6
4. Design a novel bioengineering project that incorporates the principles of biomimetics to
develop an innovative solution for addressing a specific problem related to visual
impairments, such as enhancing the functionality of a bionic eye or improving the
compatibility of artificial lens materials with the human eye. RBTL 6

Heart as a Pump System:

Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 How can you analyze and explain the architecture of the heart? 10 CO1 RBTL
Additionally, evaluate the significance of the heart's electrical 4
activity in generating the heartbeat and its synchronization, and
explain how ECG monitoring provides valuable insights into
the heart's electrical patterns and abnormalities.

Marks Distribution:
Explanation on the four chambers and the circulation of blood – 3 Marks
The heart beat: explanation based on SA node – 3 Marks
Some common heart-related issues that can be diagnosed or monitored using an ECG – 2 Marks
ECG waves and their relation to heart nodes – 2 Marks

Q. Question Marks CO RBTL

No.
2 How can you apply your knowledge of the reasons for 10 CO2 RBTL
blockages in blood vessels to propose suitable design principles 3
for the development of stents that effectively address the issue

20
 of vessel blockage while ensuring optimal blood flow and long-
term stability?
Marks Distribution:
Reasons for Blockages of Blood Vessels (any 3 from High cholesterol levels, High blood
pressure, Smoking, Diabetes, Age, Genetics, Poor diet) – 3 Marks
Explanation on balloon stent and self-expanding stent – 3 Marks
Explanation on common design features of stents (Shape, Material, Coating, Expansion
mechanism) – 4 Marks
Q. M Question CO RBTL
No ar
. ks
3 10 Explain the construction and working principles of CO1 RBTL
pacemakers, highlighting the materials used in their 3
construction and the role they play in regulating heart
rhythms. Discuss the basic design
and components of defibrillators, including the materials
employed in their construction.

Marks Distribution:
Pacemaker:
Meaning of pacemaker – 1 Mark
Mentioning the components used in the basic design of a pacemaker – 1 M
Different ways of working of pacemakers (mentioning Single-chamber pacemaker, Dual-
chamber pacemaker, Biventricular pacemaker) – 2 M
Mentioning the materials used in the construction of pacemakers – 2 M
Defibrillator:
Meaning of defibrillator – 1 M
The basic design of a defibrillator (mentioning the components) – 1 M
Mentioning the materials used in the construction of defibrillators – 1 M
Mentioning the materials used in the basic design of a defibrillator – 1 M
Assignment/Seminar Questions
1. Can you analyze the factors contributing to the blockages of blood vessels, considering both
intrinsic (e.g., atherosclerosis, thrombosis) and extrinsic (e.g., lifestyle, diet) causes, and
critically evaluate the design features and materials used in existing stents to determine
their effectiveness in restoring and maintaining proper blood flow? RBTL 4
2. Evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of pacemakers in managing cardiac arrhythmias,
considering factors such as patient suitability, long-term performance, and potential
complications, and propose potential design modifications to improve their functionality and
patient outcomes. RBTL 4
3. How can you evaluate the role of the heart's architecture in its efficient functioning and
its ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body? Analyze the structural features
of the heart, such as its chambers, valves, and blood vessels, and assess their contribution
to maintaining cardiac output. RBTL 5
4. How would you evaluate the efficacy and safety of different treatment options for blockages
in blood vessels, including stents, using evidence-based research and clinical studies?
21
Compare and contrast the performance and outcomes of various stent designs,

22
 materials, and deployment techniques, and propose recommendations for optimizing their
effectiveness and patient outcomes. RBTL 5
5. Critically analyze the advancements in defibrillator technology, including the integration of
novel materials and engineering techniques, and assess their impact on the efficacy, safety,
and patient comfort of defibrillator devices in delivering life-saving electric shocks. RBTL
5
6. Design an innovative method or technology for non-invasive monitoring of the heart's
electrical activity using ECG signals. Consider the challenges associated with accurate and
real-time ECG monitoring and propose a novel solution that addresses these challenges
while providing valuable diagnostic information for heart-related issues. RBTL 6
7. Can you develop a novel concept for a bio-inspired solution to address the issue of blockages
in blood vessels, incorporating principles of biomimicry and innovative engineering
approaches? Design a stent or alternative intervention that demonstrates improved
biocompatibility, enhanced efficacy, and long-term sustainability, considering factors such
as material selection, surface modifications, and deployment methods. RBTL6
8. Design and develop an innovative bioengineering solution for improving the construction
and functionality of pacemakers or defibrillators, considering factors such as
miniaturization, power efficiency, user-friendliness, and customization to individual patient
needs, and present a detailed proposal highlighting the potential benefits and feasibility of
the proposed solution. RBTL 6

Module 3
Lungs as Purification System:
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 Analyze the process of air purification in the lungs. Furthermore, 10 CO1 RBTL
discuss the gas exchange mechanism in the lung, and critically 4
evaluate the principles and working of spirometry
as a diagnostic tool for assessing lung function.
Marks Distribution:
The process of purifying air in the lungs (Filtration, Moisturization, Gas Exchange) - 3 Marks
The architecture of the lung (mentioning Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli) - 2 Marks
The gas exchange mechanism (Oxygen Diffusion, Carbon Dioxide Diffusion) - 2 Marks
Meaning of Spirometry - 1 M
Principle of Spirometry - 1 Mark
Working of Spirometry - 1 Mark
Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
2 How can you analyze and discuss the abnormal lung 10 CO2 RBTL
physiology, using COPD as an example? Evaluate the functions 4

23
 and applications of ventilators, heart-lung machines, and
different types of artificial lungs in managing respiratory
conditions and supporting lung function.

Marks Distribution:
Meaning of Abnormal lung physiology - 1 Mark
A note on COPD - 2 Mark
Meaning of ventilator and mentioning the types - 2 Marks
A note on heart-lung machine - 1 Marks
Types (Membrane Oxygenators and Extracorporeal Lung Assist Devices) - 4 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions
1. Evaluate the potential engineering applications of the lung's purification process and the gas
exchange mechanism, considering their relevance in developing advanced air filtration
systems and artificial respiratory devices. Propose innovative approaches inspired by the
lung's architecture and functionality to improve air quality and enhance respiratory support
in medical and industrial settings. RBTL 5
2. How can you critically evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment approaches for
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in terms of improving lung function,
reducing symptoms, and enhancing quality of life? Provide examples and analyze the
advantages and limitations of each approach. RBTL 5
3. Design and create a novel device or system that mimics the principles of the lung's
purification process and gas exchange mechanism, with the aim of providing efficient air
filtration and respiratory support. Justify the design choices made, analyze the potential
impact of the device/system on improving air quality and respiratory health, and propose
methods for testing and validating its performance in real-world applications. RBTL 6
4. Design an innovative and efficient artificial lung system that mimics the gas exchange
mechanism of natural lungs. Consider factors such as surface area, membrane permeability,
and flow dynamics to optimize oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal. Justify your design
choices based on the principles of respiratory physiology and bioengineering. RBTL 6

Kidney as a Filtration System

Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 How can you apply your knowledge of the architecture of the 10 CO4 RBTL
kidney to explain the mechanism of filtration in renal physiology? 3
Discuss the relationship between chronic kidney disease and
impaired kidney function, and analyze the different
types of dialysis systems used for renal replacement therapy.
2 Explain the intricate architecture of the kidney and how it 10 CO4 RBTL
contributes to the mechanism of filtration in renal physiology. 4
Evaluate the impact of chronic kidney disease on kidney

24
 function and analyze the effectiveness of various dialysis
systems in managing renal failure.
Marks Distribution:
The kidney is composed of functional units called nephrons - 1 Mark
Key structure of nephron (mentioning Bowman's capsule, Glomerulus, Proximal convoluted
tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct) - 3 Marks
Summary of the steps involved in the filtration process - 3 Marks
Note on Chronic Kidney Disease - 1 Mark
Dialysis Systems (Mentioning Hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis) – 2 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Question
1. How would you assess the effectiveness and limitations of dialysis systems as a treatment
option for chronic kidney disease, considering factors such as patient outcomes, qualityof
life, and long-term management? RBTL 5
2. Design a novel biobased solution for the treatment of chronic kidney disease that overcomes
the limitations of current dialysis systems and improves patient outcomes. Justify the design
choices based on scientific principles, technological advancements, and societal impact.
RBTL 6

Muscular Systems as Scaffolds:

Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 How can you explain the architectural features of the muscular 10 CO2 RBTL
system, describe the process of utilizing muscle cells as scaffolds 3
in tissue engineering, and evaluate the bioengineering approaches
that offer potential solutions for muscular
dystrophy?
2 How can you analyze the architectural characteristics of the 10 CO2 RBTL
muscular system and explore the potential applications of using 4
muscle cells as scaffolds in tissue engineering? Additionally,
critically evaluate the bioengineering solutions available for
managing muscular dystrophy, considering their effectiveness
in addressing the underlying causes and improving muscle
function.
Marks Distribution:
Explanation of architecture of muscular system giving importance to Sarcomeres contain thin
(Actin) and thick filaments (Myosin) that work together to make the muscle fibers contract - 2
Marks
Explanation on “Muscle cells can be used as a scaffold for tissue generation by removing the
living cells from the muscle tissue, leaving behind the structure known as the extracellular matrix
(ECM)” - 2 Marks
The Process of preparing muscle scaffolds - 3 Marks
Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders that result in progressive weakness and
degeneration of the skeletal muscles, which are responsible for movement - 1 Mark

25
 Bioengineering solutions for muscular dystrophy (mentioning the approaches like Gene therapy,
Stem cell therapy, Exoskeleton technology, Tissue engineering) - 2 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions
1. Evaluate the feasibility and potential challenges of utilizing muscle tissue engineering
techniques to develop functional muscle constructs for transplantation or regenerative
medicine purposes. Assess the current advancements in biofabrication and biomaterials that
contribute to the successful engineering of muscular tissues. RBTL 5
2. Design an innovative bioengineering solution for improving muscle regeneration in
individuals with muscular dystrophy. Consider the principles of biomimetics and develop
a concept for a novel therapeutic approach that leverages cutting-edge technologies and
biological insights to address the underlying pathology and restore muscle function. RBTL
6

Skeletal Systems as Scaffolds:

Q. Question Marks CO RBTL
No.
1 How can you apply your knowledge of the key components and 10 CO1 RBTL
functions of the skeletal system to explain its role as a scaffold for 3
tissue engineering? Additionally, discuss the bioengineering
solutions available for managing osteoporosis and highlight their
effectiveness in improving bone health and preventing
fractures.
2 How can you critically analyze the role of the skeletal system as 10 CO1 RBTL
a scaffold in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 4
considering its structural components and their contributions to
bone formation, repair, and remodeling? Additionally, evaluate
the effectiveness and limitations of bioengineering solutions
aimed at addressing osteoporosis, taking into account the
underlying causes, treatment approaches, and potential
outcomes.
Marks Distribution:
Mentioning the key components and functions of the skeletal system (Bones, Cartilage,
Ligaments, Tendons, Axial Skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton, Joints) - 4 Marks
Explanation on Skeletal System as Scaffold – 2 Marks
Explanation on Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens the bones and makes them more likely
to break (fracture), especially the bones in the hip, spine, and wrist - 2 Marks
Bioengineering solutions for osteoporosis (Mentioning Tissue engineering, Stem cell therapy,
Biomaterials, Gene therapy) - 2 Marks
Assignment/Seminar Questions
1. Assess the potential applications of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine techniques
in the field of skeletal system repair and regeneration, considering the use of biomaterials,
scaffold design, and cell-based approaches to promote bone healing and restoration.
Compare and contrast different strategies and their suitability for specific

26
 clinical scenarios, taking into account factors such as biocompatibility, tissue integration,
and functional outcomes. RBTL 5
2. Design a novel bioengineering solution for improving the treatment and management of
osteoporosis, considering the underlying mechanisms of bone loss, the challenges associated
with current therapeutic approaches, and the specific needs of patients. Incorporate
innovative strategies such as biomaterial-based interventions, stem cell therapies, or targeted
drug delivery systems, and propose an integrated solution that addresses the multifactorial
nature of the disease while considering ethical, economic, and societal implications. RBTL
6

27