history

of
architecture3
Chinise Architecture
Dàjiā hǎo, zǎoshang
hǎo
大家好，早上好
 Members:

PABLO, SHEILA MAE A. MAMONGAY, JEFF LEONARD B. AMARILLE, JE-ANN KRIS L.

BELGA, ALYZHA MAY G. LORENZO, DANIEL CARLO CAÑA, RONALD PRASMO CALMA, EDWARD ALLEN C.
 "It's Better to See
Something Once Than
to Hear About It a
Thousand Times." —
Asian Proverb
 Flow of
discussion
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 INFLUENCES
1.3 BUILDINGS structure
1.4 ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS and STYLE
 INTRODUCTION
Chinese architecture is the
embodiment of a millennia-old
architectural style that has
influenced architecture
throughout Eastern Asia.

The structural principles of its

architecture have remained
largely unchanged since its
inception in the early ancient era.
Topic 1: GEOGRAPHICAL
Topic 2: GEOLOGICAL
Topic 3: CLIMATIC
Topic 4: HISTORICAL
Topic 5: SOCIAL
Topic 6: RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES
 GEOgraphical
Location and
Borders
China is located at South
East Asia and has an area of 9.6
million square kilometers.
making it the third largest
country and first in the largest
population.

Divided into:
23 Provinces
5 Autonomous Regions
4 Municipalities
2 Administrative Regions
 GEOgraphical
Provinces Autonomous Regions
Anhui Jiangsu Guangxi
Fujian Jiangxi Inner Mongolia
Gansu Jilin Ningxia
Guangdong Liaoning Tibet
Guizhou Qinghai Xinjiang
Hainan Shaanxi
Hebei Shandong
Heilongjiang Shanxi
Henan Sichuan
Hubei Yunnan
Hunan Zhejiang
 GEOgraphical

Municipalities Administrative
Regions
Beijing
Hongkong
Tianjin
Macau
Shanghai
Chongqing
GEOgraphical
Location and
Borders
China borders 14 Countries
these are;
Laos Afghanistan
Mongolia Bhutan
Myanmar(Bu India
rma) Kazakhstan
Nepal North Korea
Pakistan Kyrgyzstan
Russia Vietnam
Tajikistan
 GEOgraphical
Geography

China has a very diverse

geography that ranges from
Mountains, Plateaus,
Desert, Deltas and Plains.
But most of China's regions
is made out of mountainous
regions.
 GEOgraphical
GEOgraphical

GOBI DESERT TIANZE MOUNTAINS

(To the north and northwest ) (To the South)
STRUCTURE THAT is INFLUENCED BY
GEOGRAPHICAL

THE HANGING MONASTERY

OF HENGSHAN

This structure was built over 1,500

years ago. It us suspended on the
cliffs of Hengshan Mountain about
50 meters from the ground
GEOLOGICAL
influence
GEOLOGICAL
THE ABUNDANCE OF MINERALS, INCLUDING;

COPPER COAL

IRON sALT
COPPER
GEOLOGICAL
THE ABUNDANCE OF MINERALS, INCLUDING;

COPPER COAL
Bronze Age

Weapons, tools, coinage ,etc.

IRON sALT

COAL
GEOLOGICAL
THE ABUNDANCE OF MINERALS, INCLUDING;

COPPER COAL
Bronze Age

Weapons, tools, coinage ,etc. burning coal for heat, cooking and
smelting steel

IRON sALT

SALT
GEOLOGICAL
THE ABUNDANCE OF MINERALS, INCLUDING;

COPPER COAL
Bronze Age

Weapons, tools, coinage ,etc. burning coal for heat, cooking and
smelting steel

IRON sALT
building block,
valuable commodity

IRON
GEOLOGICAL
Exist already in ancient times where
it was employed for;

building
whole villages and,
Timber
cave dwellings.
GEOLOGICAL
WOOD
In Chinese Architecture, they also relied on
using wood.

Timber
"Wood Construction"
Brick Making
"brick-making was probably introduced
from the west of Asia on the pattern of
bricks found in the ruins in Mesopotamia,
as the clay of Chinese rover plains
provided suitable material for this
purpose".
 Brick Making

CITY WALLS:
- 8 INCHES

BUILDINGS:
Small grey-colored
bricks
STRUCTURE THAT INFLUENCES BY
GEOlogical

THE GREAT WALL OF

CHINA

The Great Wall of China, built by Qin Shih

Huang Ti.

Fortified wall against nomads from the

north.

Also serve as a means of communication.

climatic
CLIMATIC
The Four Seasons. Judged by the interval of
temperature variety, China weather changes with
seasonal replacement.

Spring (March to May), the weather is

warm and dry;

Summer (June to August), it is hot and

rainy

Autumn (September to November), the

weather is quite cool on most windy days.

Winter (December to February), it is

piercing cold and freezing in north China.
STRUCTURe thAT INFLUENCE
BY CLIMATIC
Roofs in northern China were found to be steeper on average
during colder seasons, according to the researchers.

According to the researchers, this discovery suggests that ancient

Chinese architecture was influenced by climatic changes. The
researchers believe that snowfall, rather than rainfall, was the likely
cause. Roof slopes were shallower during warmer periods, precisely
when it was wetter,

according to Ke Ding. "If the slope of the roof changed with

rainfall, it should be steeper in warmer periods."
STRUCTURes thAT are INFLUENCEd
BY CLIMATe

The Forbidden City is a palace complex in

Shanghai Tower is a 128-story, 632-meter-tall
Dongcheng District, Beijing, China, at the
megatall skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong,
center of the Imperial City of Beijing.
Shanghai.
social
TWO TRUTHS AND ONE LIE
INSTRUCTIONS: TWO TRUTHS AND ONE LIE

1) One representative per group.

No cheating
2) Type the letter of the correct answer on the
chatbox below.
Speed is the key to win.
 INSTRUCTIONS: TWO TRUTHS AND ONE LIE

1) One representative per group.

No cheating
2) Type the letter of the correct answer on the
chatbox below.
Speed is the key to win.

GIVEAWAY: (first three group only)

5-6 PTS= 1ST PRIZE: 100 PESOS
3-4 PTS= 2ND PRIZE: 50 PESOS
1-2 PTS= 3RD PRIZE: 1 PACK OF WHITE RABBIT CANDY
#1 1 pts

Small talk like chikas is considered particularly

important at the "beginning of a meeting".

Seniority is not considered particularly important

in their Culture.

Feng shui literally means "water and wind"

#1 1 pts

Small talk like chikas is considered particularly

important at the "beginning of a meeting".

Seniority is not considered particularly important

in their Culture.

Feng shui literally means "water and wind"

#2 1 pts

Gender equality is an official state policy in China.

In 2021, China has announced that couples can

have three children.

Today, Aristocracy in China still exist.

#2 1 pts

Gender equality is an official state policy in China.

In 2021, China has announced that couples can

have three children.

Today, Aristocracy in China still exist.

#3 BONUS QUESTION 1 pts
#3 ANSWER 1 pts
 SOCIAL
Society was based on the family with the
idea of absolute obedience to parental authority,

and this is linked up with reverence for ancestors.

 SOCIAL
There was no aristocracy, as we understand it, no
hereditary nobility, but an enormous bureaucracy and army
of retired officials who became landowners, and besides
these there were the literary, agricultural, trading, and
artisan classes.
The One-Child
Policy
A program in China that was
implemented nationwide by
the Chinese government in
1980 in order to limit most
Chinese families to one child
each.

The policy was enacted to

address the growth rate of
the country's population,
which the government
viewed as being "too rapid".
Feng Shui
It is a traditional Chinese concept
linking the destiny of man to his
environment.

It aims to ensure that people live

in harmony with their
surroundings. The Chinese have a
deep belief in Ch'i, and it is
incorporated into many aspects
of their life. Feng Shui literally
meaning

“wind and water”.

The lives of women in China have
changed significantly due to the
late Qing Dynasty reforms, the
changes of the Republican period,
the Chinese Civil War, and the rise
of the People's Republic of China.

In 1995, President Jiang Zemin

made gender equality an official
state policy.
Seniority is also very important to the Chinese especially if
you are dealing with a government officer or State affairs.

It is appropriate to address
the other party by his
designation or rank, instead
of addressing the other
party as "Mr. or Mrs".
The Chinese show "conservativeness" in their
appearance.

For men, they wear suits for with subtle or neutral

colors. Even casual dress should be conservative as well.

For women, short sleeved bloused and heels should be

avoided. Revealing clothing is considered "offensive" to
Chinese businessmen. They will show a frowning face if
they see a woman displays too much of her body. Both
men and women can wear jeans, but it is not acceptable
for business meetings.
 Business-Minded.
The Chinese are business-minded people from
small things to a bigger one. Small talk is
considered particularly important at the
"beginning of a meeting".

When presenting a business proposal, always

bring several copies of all written documents for
your meetings. Always maintain your composure
during meetings. For them, showing too much
emotion or any embarrassment might have an
adverse effect for the business negotiation.
Insulting someone in public and behaving
inappropriately gives them an impression that
the person has a lack of self-control and
weakness.
Add a subheading
Traditional Medicine has evolved
over thousands of years in
Chinese history.

TM practitioners use various

mind and body practices (such as
acupuncture and tai chi) as well
as herbal products to address
health problems.
Good Food
Chinese cuisine is an important part
of Chinese culture, which includes
cuisine originating from the diverse
regions of China, as well as from
overseas Chinese who have settled
in other parts of the world.

Because of the Chinese diaspora and

historical power of the country,
Chinese cuisine has influenced many
other cuisines in Asia.
historical
HISTORICAL
In its long, characterful
history, the Chinese
architectural scene has
produced plenty of
monumental legacies like
the Great Wall.

Seeing as Chinese design

is one of three main
architectural systems, it
holds a lot of influence
and mesmerizing history.
Neolithic Period (Pre-1600
BC)
The ancient Chinese architecture
begin in the neolithic period
(before 1600 BC); however, the
first record was during the Shang
Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC).

In the neolithic era, there were

only two kinds of buildings:
circular buildings with a conical
roof and square buildings with a
pyramidal roof. While the circular
house was built above the ground,
the latter was constructed half
below the surface of the ground.
Neolithic Period (Pre-1600
BC)

CONICAL ROOF SQUARE BUILDINGS WITH PYRAMIDAL

ROOFS
Xia Dynasty(2100 BC- 1600 BC)
Legendary Of
The Chinese Dynasties
The Xia dynasty is the first Chinese
Dynasty in the History of China. They
ruled from 2100 BC to 1600 BC and laid
the foundations for the next 5000
years of China’s evolution. The Xia
dynasty is said to descend from the
Yellow Emperor, Huángdì, An ancient
tribe leader who won many battles.

Huángdì was said to be the "son of a

dragon" who has inherited from its
powers.
The Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1066 BC)
Creative of the Chinese Dynasties
The Shang Dynasty was the first dynasty
with written records — inscriptions on
bones and bronze objects. Historic
excavations of Shang's capital, Anyang,
show that the Shang Dynasty's
architectural style followed the Neolithic
times to some extent. For example, most
of the dwellings were partly sunk beneath
ground level.

Besides that, buildings with a traditional

Chinese style had started to take shape:
rectilinear buildings set up on rammed-
earth foundations and massive earthen
walls surrounding urban centers.
The Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–
1066 BC)
The Shang’s greatest accomplishment is undoubtedly creating
the first Chinese writing system. The writing system they
developed was composed of over 2000 symbols written on silk,
bamboo sticks, stones bronze items and bones. Researchers also
found also writings on “Oracle bones” —Oracle bones were ox
bones and tortoise shells on which symbols were written for
divination.
Qin Dynasty ( 255 B.C to 206
B.C) The Builders that Unified
China
Throughout the Qin and Han eras, the
techniques used for timber buildings
gradually improved and were
perfected. Builders had mastered
firing tiles and could build with stones
skillfully. Great palaces and pavilions
were constructed. The Terracotta
Army in Xi'an was part of the first
emperor's huge mausoleum.

Another huge breakthrough was

decorations: splendid paintings, silks,
and ceramics became parts of the
buildings.
The Three Kingdoms Period
(220–280) and the Six
Dynasties (220–589)
During this period, religious
buildings – especially Buddhist
temples and monasteries – sprung
up around China thanks to the
government's admiration of
religion.

Tiered structures were skillfully

built when constructing brick or
stone pagodas.
The Sui (581–618) and Tang
(618–907) Dynasties
The Sui and Tang eras were the golden age
of China's history. The application of bricks
had become more popular. Vast public
works, such as the Grand Canal, were built.

Chinese roofs became more and more

exquisite as advances had been made in
baking glazes. The whole architectural
style during this period was grand and
lavish.

Along with the thriving cultural output,

traditional Chinese architectural styles also
spread to neighboring countries, such as The Xumi Pagoda of The Tang Dynasty
Korea and Japan.
The Song (960–1279) and Yuan
(1279–1368) Dynasties
The major improvements in its
architectural style had been made
during the Song Dynasty (960–1279).
Though the buildings size was
considerably smaller than the previous
era, they were more increasingly
diverse in nature and fascinating.

It could be illustrated in extravagant

palaces, Buddhist pagodas, and lavish
mausoleum. Meanwhile, the Yuan
Dynasty (1279–1368) rule was
acknowledged as the important time of
the ornate features on roofs, brackets
overhangs, and elevated terraces.
The Ming (1368–1644) and Qing
(1644–1912) Dynasties

The novelty of ancient Chinese

architecture reached its peak
during last two imperial
dynasties, the Ming (1368–1644)
and Qing (1644–1912) Dynasties.

At that moment, the grandeur

of the Forbidden City was well
maintained and successively
rebuilt over the centuries.

The Forbidden City

Religion
REligion
There are three main religious and
ethical influences in China;

Confucainism (Confucious 551

BC - 475 BC)
Buddhism
Taoism (Daoism)
Confucianism
It is a philosophy and belief system
of ancient china, which Confucius
thought to the people in the
country, he is a philosopher and a
teacher who lived from 551 to 479
BCE.

It was founded as an ethical code of

moral doctrines and golden rules of
conduct than on any definite
religious belief.
Built to commemorate him in 478 B.C.,
the temple has been destroyed and
reconstructed over the centuries;
today it comprises more than 100
buildings.
Buddhism
A cultural system of beliefs and
practices based on principles of
compassion and non-attachment, it
was founded by Siddhartha Gautama
(which is the buddha) more than
2,500 years ago in India.

Buddhism was brought to China by

Monks from India during the latter
part of the Han dynasty and took
over a century for the people of
China to adopt Buddhism.
Example of Buddhist pagoda an temple

Nashtan Temple, Sanya, Hinan province of China Pagoda of Fogong Temple in Ying
County, Shanxi province, China
The first Buddhist Temple in China
Old picture of white horse temple (1907)

Taoism
Also known as "Daoism", Is a Chinese
philosophy attributed to Lao Tzu (500 BCE)
which developed from the folk religion of the
Chinese people primarily in rural areas of
China. And under Tang Dynasty it became the
official religion in the country.

Some other Taoist architecture includes;

palaces,
covenants,
altars,
and huts

where religious activities are performed and

the power that envelopes and flows through all
things, living and non-living, is worshipped.
Taoism
The architectural style of
Taoism is also similar to
Buddhist architecture.

It can be divided into;

holy halls for sacrifice,

altars to pray at, houses to
live in,
and rooms to chant
scriptures in according to
their use.
Mount Laojun, and
a Taoist temple
on its peak

It is known for its cultural

heritage as an important site in
Taoism as it was once the
retreat place of Lao Tzu (or
Laozi) the great Chinese
philosopher and the founder of
Taoism.
 BUILDING
STRUCTURES
RESIDENTIAL
IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE
forbidden city, beijing
XI'AN CITY WALL
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
BUILDING
EXAMPLES


The Tianning

Temple
Changzhou City,
Jiangsu Province,
China
Located outside
Guang'anmen in Beijing, it
is one of the earliest tall
buildings in the ancient
capital, a valuable
memento of the Liao
Dynasty.
Construction of the
pagoda is estimated to
have been between 1100
and 1120 towards the end
of the Liao Dynasty.


Shenyang Imperial
Palace
Shenyang, Liaoning,
China

The Shenyang Imperial Palace, located

at No. 171, Shenyang Road, Shenhe
District in Shenyang City, is the only
existing royal palace in China outside of
the Forbidden City in Beijing. The main
structure of the palace was built in 1625
when Nurhachi was in power. It was
finished in 1636 by his son Abahai
(Huangtaiji). Nurhachi and Abahai were
both founding emperors of the Qing
Dynasty.

Songjiang Square Pagoda

Songjiang District,
Shanghai

Located in the beautiful Square Pagoda

Garden, the Square Pagoda of Songjiang
got is name for the building is square.
Except the storeys from the 7th to the 9th,
which were reconstructed in the Qing
Dynasty, the pagoda basically retained its
original components in the Song Dynasty,
especially the bracket system, over 60%
of which are the Song objects. A great part
of the pagoda was built with the
woodwork techniques of the Tang and Five
Dynasties. It is one of the ancient pagodas
that retain the most original components
in southern China. In 1996, it was
announced as a Major Historical and
Cultural Site Protected at the National
Level.
 Fragrant Hills Pagoda

Beijing, China

Located to the south of Grand Zongjing Monastery

in Xiangshan (Fragrant Hill) Park, the pagoda was
originally part of the monastery. Although the
monastery suffered great damage at the hands of
the allied forces of the eight powers in 1900, the
pagoda survived.
Zongjing Monastery was built in 1780 especially for
the accommodation of the Sixth Bainqen when he
went from Tibet to Beijing to celebrate the
seventieth birthday of Emperor Qianlong.


Sun Pagoda and Moon

Pagoda

The Sun and Moon Pagodas

stand erect in the water of
central Fir Lake (Shanhu). They
are also known as Gold and
Silver Pagodas because of their
colors at night. The Sun Pagoda

is the world’s highest bronze

Guilin, Guangxi
pagoda, the world’s highest
Province
bronze pagoda with an elevator,

and the world’s highest pagoda

above water. The Sun and Moon
Pagodas are a tourist site
combining culture, art, religion,
and architecture, technology,
and natural landscape.
 Puning
Temple
Chengde, Hebei
province, China

Puning Temple was completed in

1755 in honor of the defeat of the
Zonggar civilization in northwest
China. The Temple of Universal
Peace, as it is known, was meant
to be a symbol of the harmony
between the Chinese rulers and
the minority populations within
their dominion.
 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE AND ELEMENTS

1. Wooden Construction
Limited by the technology and economic development, wood was the
main material used to build most of the traditional Chinese
architectural structures.
 2. Low Rise
There were few multi-story residential buildings in ancient China. Most,
from ordinary houses to palace buildings, had a single story. A special
case were the tulou (earth buildings) in Fujian. These small castles were
built to withstand invasions and harassment from pirates.
 3. Auspicious Colors
The yellow roof tiles of the imperial palaces in the Forbidden city were reserved for
royalty — yellow was "the color of emperors".

Red curved ceramic tiles on roofs and red-painted woodwork display the luckiest
color in China.
Green was also a popular color for roof tiles, representing wealth, growth, and
harmony.
Blue and black for water.
White and gray for metal.
Red, fire for hope and satisfaction
 4. Symmetrical Layouts
There were various styles of ancient Chinese architecture, such as
imperial palaces, temples, and residential buildings. Most of the layouts,
however, obeyed the symmetrical rule: the main buildings would stand
on the north-south axis, and then the secondary buildings were usually
located on two sides in east-west pairs.
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE AND ELEMENTS

5. South Facing
Since China is in the Northern Hemisphere, most ancient Chinese
architectural structures faced southwards for warmth and light.

6.Great Consistency
Chinese architecture has evolved over a long period of time, but it
has a great consistency, due to the cultural continuity and the
craftsmen's dedication to traditions in style.
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE AND ELEMENTS

7. Roof Arts
It has already become the most recognizable component of the
Chinese classical architecture. The functional properties, shape
modeling and the intrinsic cultural philosophy of the roof are
reasons why roof can represent the image of Chinese classical
architecture
 ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS
Chinese architecture
characterized by;
bilateral symmetry,
use of enclosed open spaces, feng
shui (e.g. directional hierarchies),
a horizontal emphasis, and an
allusion to various cosmological,
mythological or in general
symbolic elements.
ARCHITECTURAL
PURPOSE
is The main purposes of Chinese
architecture are;
palatial,
religious,
funerary, and residential;
The roles of architecture in urban
planning and landscape also are
recognized. The major material of
Chinese architecture is wood. Less often,
Chinese buildings are made in brick and
stone, and very occasionally metal.
WORD JUMBLER
#4 1 pts

FFNCNMUCiIIAOS
#5 1 pts

FFNCNMUCiIIAOS
ANSWER:

Confucianism
#4 1 pts

OFSTRRAO
#5 1 pts

OFSTRRAO
ANSWER:

ROOF ARTS
#6 BONUS QUESTION 1 pts
#3 ANSWER 1 pts
 References
https://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/ccp-social-reforms/
https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/New/China/china.html
https://great-wall-marathon.com/climate-weather-china
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_China
https://www.studentsofhistory.com/ancient-china-s-geography
https://prezi.com/c0ufqjlnsj05/major-influences-of-chinese-architecture/
https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/architecture/history.htm?
fbclid=IwAR2RM08jenGJtG563A-qzwD3P5qB8YsU2AK7xEMHnTko59Gkz4Fp6_-
NVGI
Thank You
for
listening!