Brakes and tyres department!!

BRAKES
TOPICS
• Brake Pedal
• Master Cylinder
• Brake line
• Brake fluid
• Brake caliper
• Disc brake
• Drum brake
• Tyre and Wheel
Simplified Hydraulic Brake System.
 WORKING

• The brake works by causing friction between the non-rotating member

and the disc or drum that turns with the road wheel.
• Friction produces the force required to slow down the vehicle. By means
of friction, the brake converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into heat.
• The heat produced, disappears into the air around the brakes
 Features
Same line pressure to all wheels.
The Hydraulic pressure is the same, but the output force can be changed by
the piston size.
 Brake Pedal Design

• First Mechanical Advantage is

Driver’s foot.
• Length of Lever determines force
applied.

Mechanical Advantage??
 Brake Fluid

Hydraulic brakes, brake fluid is used to transmit force.

General Properties Brake Fluid should have??

Brake line
Brake lines are used to carry pressurised fluid from master
cylinder to tyre.
 Brake Fluid types
• DOT 3
• DOT 4
• DOT 5

DOT 3 and DOT 4 :- DOT 5:-

• Poly glycol based.
• Most common.
• Compatible with one another.
• Inexpensive .
• Destroys paint.
• Ruined by moisture
• Silicone Based.
• Used only for heavy duty applications.
• Not Compatible with 4&5.
• Very Expensive.
• Does not damage paint.
 Master Cylinder
Master cylinder is a control device that converts non-hydraulic pressure (commonly from a
driver's foot) into hydraulic pressure. This device controls slave cylinders located at the
other end of the hydraulic system.

Provides a reservoir for brake fluid and

contains the driving pistons in the
hydraulic circuit.
2 Types:-
Front - Rear split
-One piston for front brakes and one for rear.
Diagonally split
-One piston drives one front wheel and one rear wheel.
 Bosch Tandem Master Cylinder

Search on YouTube – Working of tandem master cylinder

 Drum Brakes

A drum brake is a brake that uses friction

caused by a set of shoes or pads that press
outward against a rotating cylinder-shaped
part called a brake drum.
Expanding shoes create force on the inner
surface of the drum.
Distinguish the two brake shoes ? Which
is leading brake shoe and why?
See videos of working of Drum brakes
 Components of drum brakes
EXPLORE!!!

1.Brake drum 5. Anchor pin

2. CAM 6. Shoe Anchor
3. Brake lining 7. Shoe Adjuster
4. Return spring
 Rotors
A rotor is a part of a vehicle's braking system. It is roughly shaped like a flat-bottomed
bowl with a wide lip at the top. The calipers and pads of the brake press against the
sides of the rotor when the brake is applied, causing friction to stop the vehicle.

There are two types of rotors:-

Vented rotors
Non vented rotors
 Disc Brake
A disc brake is a type of brake that uses calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or
"rotor" to create friction. This action retards the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either
to reduce its rotational speed or to hold it stationary. The energy of motion is converted into
waste heat which must be dispersed.

Hydraulically actuated disc brakes are the most

commonly used form of brake for motor vehicles, but
the principles of a disc brake are applicable to
almost any rotating shaft.

Most modern cars have disc brakes on the front

wheels, and some have disc brakes on all four
wheels.
Different parts of disc brakes

1.Connecting tube
2. Cylinder
3. Piston
4. Friction pad
5. Hydraulic fluid
6. Brake disc
7. From master cylinder
8. Caliper
 Components of disc brakes

1. Disc 3. Friction Pads

2.
Calipers
 Types of Disc

Simple Disc EXPLORE!! Slotted Disc

Drilled disc Slotted and drilled Disc

 Caliper Types

There are 2 types of Calipers

• Fixed Calipers are disc brakes that use a caliper that is
FIXED in position and does not slide. They have pistons
on both sides of the disc. There may be 2 or 4 pistons per
caliper.
• Floating calipers are disc brakes that uses a caliper that
SLIDES.
 Fixed Caliper
• Applies two pistons to opposite
sides of rotor.
• Caliper stays stationary
• Disc Brakes require higher
hydraulic pressure.
• Motorcycles and some import trucks
and cars use this type.
• Similar to bicycle brakes.
 Floating Caliper
• Applies pressure to two
pads on opposite sides
of Rotor.
• Caliper of the brake
moves.

Working of disc brake?

Advantage of Floating over Fixed or vice versa?

Advantages of Disc Brakes over Drum Brakes
1.Disc brakes provide better stability since these have uniform
pressure distribution over the pads than that of the brake linings
in the case of drum brakes.

2. Increased temperature does not affect the disc pads much

compared to the brake linings of the drum brakes.

3. The design of the brake adjusters becomes simple because

when hot, the discs expand towards the pads causing no loss in
pedal travel.

4. Maintenance and repairs of disc brakes is easy.

 Tyre Tyre Wheel
A rubber covering, typically
inflated or surrounding an
inflated inner tube, placed round
a wheel to form a soft contact
with the road.

Wheel
• A wheel is a circular • A circular frame of hard material that
component that is may be solid, partly solid, or spoked
intended to rotate on and that is capable of turning on an
an axle bearing. axle.
 TYRE SIZE DESIGNATION
A Tyre is generally designated by its nominal cross
section code followed by the nominal rim diameter
code.

For radial tyres,

145/80R13

Section width (mm) Aspect Ratio Nominal Rim Dia (inch)

EXPLORE!!
 Functions Of Tyre:-
• Provide Load Carrying Capacity.
• Provide Cushioning and dampening.
• Transmit driving and braking torque.
• Provide Cornering force.
• Provide floatation and dimensional stability.
• Resist abrasion.
• Generate steering response.
• Have low Rolling Resistance.
• Provide minimum noise and minimum vibration.
• Be durable throughout and expected life spam.
 Tyre Construction
BIAS
• Cord strips are arranged diagonally
to the Centre line of the tire.
• Positive Qualities - strengthens the
sidewall and stabilizes the tread
area for contact patch.
• Negative Qualities – Builds up
excessive heat; very stiff and hard
riding
RADIAL
• Plies are laid at 90 degree
angles to Centre line of tire.
• More sidewall movement
and a smoother ride.
• Last longer than bias ply
tires.
RADIAL
 BIAS
Radial and
Bias tyre
images are for
reference just
go through for
knowledge, not
necessary to
learn by heart
 ADVANTAGE OF RADIAL TYRES
• 50 - 100% longer life - reduced cost per kilometer.
• 5 - 10% fuel saving.
• Puncture resistant - less down time.
• Riding comfort and reduced cargo damage.
• Excellent high speed capability.
• Excellent dampening of vibrations.
• Excellent traction & braking on both dry and wet road.
 Tubeless and Tube tyres
Difference and which one prefer?

If you face any problem just search it and I will suggest see videos so you
can easily understand.