Brakes

 A brake is a mechanical device which inhibits motion.

Main functions of braking system
• To stop the vehicle safely in shortest possible distance in case of

emergency.

• To control the vehicle when it is descending along the hills

• To keep the vehicle in desired position after bringing in at rest

Working of brakes
• a common misconception about brakes is that brakes squeeze against a
drum or disc, and the pressure of the squeezing action slows the vehicle
down. this is in fact a part of the reason for slowing down a vehicle.
• actually brakes use friction of brake shoes and drums to convert kinetic
energy developed by the vehicle into heat energy.
• when we apply brakes, the pads or shoes that press against the brake drums
or rotor convert kinetic energy into thermal energy via friction. 1
 Brakes
TYPES OF BRAKES
 MECHANICAL BRAKES
• DRUM BRAKES
 Internal expanding drum brake.
 External expanding drum brake.
• DISC BRAKES

 HYDRAULIC BRAKES

 POWER BRAKES
• AIR BRAKES
• AIR HYDRAULIC BRAKES
• VACCUM BRAKES

 ELECTRIC BRAKES 2
 Brakes
PRINCIPLE:
• Friction between braking surfaces converts kinetic energy into heat.
• In drum brakes, wheel cylinders force brake linings against the
inside of the drum.
• In disc brakes, pads are forced against a brake disc.

Factors influencing Vehicle Braking:

• Road surface
• Road conditions
• Weight of the vehicle
• Load on the wheels during stopping
• How the vehicle is being driven.

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 Brakes
A basic Braking system has a:
• Brake pedal
• Master cylinder to provide hydraulic pressure
• Brake linings and hoses to connect the master cylinder to the brake
assemblies
• Brake assemblies – Drum or Disc that stop the wheels.

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DISC BRAKES
• In a disc brake, the fluid from the master cylinder is forced
into a caliper where it presses against a piston.
• The piston in turn squeezes two brake pads against the
disc (rotor), which is attached to wheel, forcing it to slow
down or stop.

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 Brakes
DRUM BRAKES
• Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub and braking

occurs by means of brake shoes, expanding against the inside

of
the drum.
• The drum brake has a metal brake drum that encloses the brake
assembly at each wheel.
• Two curved brake shoes expand outward to slow or stop the
drum which rotates with the wheel. A drum brake is a brake in
which the friction is caused by a set of shoes or pads that press
against the inner surface of a rotating drum. The drum is
connected to a rotating wheel. 6
 Brakes
DRUM BRAKES

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 Brakes
DISC BRAKES DRUM BRAKES
• Better ventilation property than drum brake Low ventilation property

• Uniform wear of frictional force Non uniform wear of frictional force.

between pads and Disc.

• Design of disc brake is easy. It has complex design.

• Disc brake have low weight. 20% more weight than disc.

• It has better anti–fade characteristics. It has poor anti–fade characteristics.

• Replacing of frictional pads is easily. Replacing of frictional pads is difficult.

• Total frictional area of pads on disc is less Total frictional area of pads in drum
are more compare