MAP OF THE AREA

POSITION OF THE AREA ON THE PHILIPPINE MAP

 PREFACE
This area study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Taguig City, Philippines. The
study seeks to examine various aspects of the city, including its geography, demographics,
economy, culture, governance, and social dynamics. By conducting this study, we aim to gain
insights into the city's strengths, challenges, and opportunities for development.

Methodology:
The study will employ a multidisciplinary approach, utilizing both primary and secondary
sources of information. Primary data will be collected through interviews, surveys, and field
observations. Secondary data will be obtained from reliable sources such as government
reports, academic publications, and reputable news outlets. The information gathered will be
analyzed, synthesized, and presented to provide a comprehensive overview of the city.

Objectives:

To understand the geographical features and physical characteristics of Taguig City,

including its land area, topography, and natural resources.

To examine the demographic composition of the city, including population size, age
distribution, ethnic diversity, and migration patterns.

To analyze the economic profile of Taguig City, including its major industries,
employment sectors, investments, and economic growth.

To explore the social and cultural dynamics within Taguig City, including traditions,
languages spoken, religious practices, and social structures.

To assess the governance structure and policies in Taguig City, including the local
government system, public services, and decision-making processes.

To identify the key challenges, vulnerabilities, and opportunities for development in

Taguig City, including infrastructure needs, environmental concerns, and social issues.
INTRODUCTION
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The City of Taguig, pronounced [tai] (Lungsod ng Taguig in Filipino), is a first-class,

heavily populated city in Metro Manila, the Philippines. According to the 2020
census, there are 886,722 people living there. The city is notable for Bonifacio
Global City, one of the major financial centers in the Philippines, situated on the
northwest beaches of Laguna de Bay. About 800 of the area's original farmer-
fishermen were skilled in threshing rice after harvest. Spanish friar Fray Alonso de
Alvarado and conquistador Ruy López de Villalobos, who crossed the Pasig River
to reach the city's current site in 1571, found "taga-giik" difficult to pronounce, so
they were referred to as "mga taga-giik," (Tagalog for "rice thresher"), and the
settlement as "pook ng mga taga-giik." Later, "Tagui-ig" was abbreviated to
"Taguig" as it is now.

Earlier times
Before the Spaniards came, Taguig was a part of Namayan and Tondo ruled by
Lakandula. There were also accounts that Chinese settlements were once present
in the area as revealed by the recent archaeological diggings of various artifacts
like cups, plates and other utensils, which bear Chinese characters. This was
believed to have originated from China's Ming dynasty.
Spanish colonial era
When the Spaniards conquered mainland Luzon in 1571 during the Legazpi
expedition, Taguig was one of the earliest known places to have been
Christianized. Taguig was a component of the encomienda of Tondo between the
years of 1582 and 1583, which was led by Captain Vergara, an alcalde mayor.
Taguig was founded as a distinct "pueblo" (town) of the then-province of Manila
in 1587. From 1587 to 1588, Captain Juan Basi served as its Kapitan. Taguig had
nine barrios back then, including Bagumbayan, Bambang, Hagonoy, Palingon,
Santa Ana, Tipas, Tuktukan, Ususan, and Wawa, according to records. Records
suggest that Tipas once requested to become an independent town but was
rejected by the Spanish government. Santa Ana was then the municipal capital of
Taguig.

American colonial era

During the American occupation, the area's revolutionary forces, led by General
Pio del Pilar, fought against General Wheaton's forces. Historical records indicate
that on February 6, 1899, Filipino soldiers, known as Taguig revolutionarios,
successfully overthrew an American outpost located in the Taguig hills, which are
now part of Pateros and Fort Bonifacio. However, due to the Americans' superior
equipment and training, they eventually emerged victorious. The First Washington
Volunteer Infantry contingent, commanded by Col. Wholly, ultimately succeeded
in capturing Taguig."
After two years of combat with American soldiers, the Filipinos were ultimately
defeated, leading to the subjugation of the Philippines under a new form of
government. Following the United States' conquest of the islands on August 14,
1898, General Wesley Meritt became the first military governor. He exercised
legislative authority until September 1, 1900. Under General Order No. 4, issued
on March 29, 1900, Taguig was established as an independent municipality at the
onset of American rule.
Japanese colonial era
During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in 1942, the Japanese Imperial
Army took control of Fort McKinley. They occupied the military camp until 1945,
when the war came to an end.

Philippine independence
On July 4, 1946, the United States relinquished all rights of possession,
jurisdiction, supervision, and control over Philippine territory to the Republic of
the Philippines, marking the beginning of the Philippines' political independence
from the US. However, the US retained the right to utilize military bases.
Subsequently, on May 14, 1949, Fort William McKinley was transferred to the
Philippine government as stated in US Embassy Note No. 0570. In 1957, the fort
was officially designated as the permanent home of the Philippine Army and was
renamed Fort Bonifacio, in honor of Andres Bonifacio, a key figure in leading the
country's revolt against Spain.

The Martial Law era

When Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in the Philippines in 1972, Taguig,
which housed Fort Bonifacio, became the location of two prisons filled with
political prisoners: the Maximum-Security Unit, where Senators Jose W. Diokno
and Benigno Aquino Jr. were held, and the Ipil Reception Center (also known as
the Ipil Detention Center). Additionally, a third prison, the Youth Rehabilitation
Center (YRC), was also treated as a part of Fort Bonifacio.
Under martial law, Ferdinand Marcos's first two detainees were Senators Benigno
Aquino Jr. and Jose Diokno. Aquino was taken into custody shortly before
midnight on September 22, 1972, while Diokno was apprehended before one in
the morning on September 23, 1972. Initially, they were detained in Fort Bonifacio
at the Maximum Security Unit, separate from Ipil and YRC. They remained there
until March 12, 1973 when Marcos transferred them to Fort Magsaysay in Laur,
Nueva Ecija, which offered even more stringent security.

Recent historical events

Through City Ordinance Nos. 24-27, 57-61, 67-69, and 78, Series of 2008, the City
Council created 10 additional barangays from the original 18 barangays. Following
a successful plebiscite in December 2008, the city's barangay population
expanded from 10 to 28. The ten newly established barangays were Central
Bicutan, New Lower Bicutan, Fort Bonifacio, Katuparan, North Signal Village, South
Signal Village, South Daanghari, North Daanghari, Pinagsama, San Miguel, and
Tanyag.
Mayor Lani Cayetano took pride in referring to the city as a "ProbinSyudad" during
its 424th foundation day in 2011, highlighting its more than 10 kilometers of
lakeshore, presence of farmers, fishermen, old churches, a historic lighthouse, and
residents who embody the values and magandang asal (good manners) of the
probinsyano (provincial folk). The current Taguig City Hall, located in Barangay
Tuktukan, was built in 1959 and has undergone three renovations. It is set to be
replaced by a new, state-of-the-art 17-storey structure in Barangay Ususan along
Cayetano Boulevard by the end of 2021[22].
Objective of the Study
To provide data on the socioeconomic and political situation in a region to
military and national planners.

to highlight a region's potential as a source of the nation's economic

sustenance.

To compile a substantial body of material that includes all the data we have
obtained with the aid of books, libraries, and other sources.

To provide details regarding Taguig City's location inside the NCR.

To describe, debate, and analyze how susceptible a place is to insurgency.

to discuss the region's military significance using facts and data.

GEOGRAPHY
 CHAPTER II
GEOGRAPHY

A. Location, Size. Shape. Boundaries and Adjacent Areas

Location
Taguig is located on the northwestern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in
the Philippines. The northern half of the city is naturally divided by two rivers: the
Taguig River, a tributary of the Pasig River, and the Napindan River, which is also a
tributary of the Pasig River. North of these rivers, near the disputed territories of
Pasig, Taguig, and Taytay in Rizal Province, there is a relatively small section of the
city known as Ibayo Napindan.

Size
According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 886,722 residents,
making it the seventh most populated city in the Philippines and the fourth most
populous city in Luzon. Taguig currently has 28 barangays, each with separate
political boundaries. In addition, seven barangays including Pembo, Comembo,
Cembo, South Cembo, West Rembo, East Rembo, and Pitogo are expected to be
included in the city as a result of the Supreme Court's final decision granting
Taguig access to the Embo barangays of Makati. These barangays are currently
undergoing a transition and being transferred to the City of Taguig.
Shape
Taguig currently has 28 barangays, each with separate political boundaries. In
addition, seven barangays including Pembo, Comembo, Cembo, South Cembo,
West Rembo, East Rembo, and Pitogo are expected to be included in the city as a
result of the Supreme Court's final decision granting Taguig access to the Embo
barangays of Makati. The city has an area of 53.67 square kilometers.

B. Topographical Features and Condition

Taguig City is situated in the eastern part of Metro Manila, Philippines. While it is primarily an
urbanized area, it does have some topographical features worth noting. Here is an overview of
the topographical characteristics and conditions in Taguig City:

Flat Terrain: Taguig City has predominantly flat terrain, with no significant natural elevation
changes or mountainous areas. This topographical feature has contributed to the ease of urban
development and infrastructure expansion in the city.

Coastal Areas: Taguig City is located along the eastern shore of Manila Bay, providing access to
coastal areas. Some barangays (local administrative units) in Taguig City, such as Bambang and
Hagonoy, have coastal communities and are situated along the shoreline.

Rivers and Waterways: Taguig City is intersected by several rivers and waterways, including the
Taguig River, which flows through the city. These waterways play a role in drainage and flood
management within the city.

Land Reclamation: In recent years, Taguig City has seen extensive land reclamation projects
along its coastal areas. These projects have expanded the city's land area and provided space
for new developments, including the construction of commercial centers, residential areas, and
entertainment complexes.
Flood-prone Areas: Like many cities in Metro Manila, Taguig City is prone to flooding during
heavy rainfall or typhoon events. Some low-lying areas, particularly those near waterways and
coastal areas, may experience flooding. However, the local government has undertaken flood
management measures to mitigate the impact of flooding in the city.

Figure 1: Topography Map of Taguig City

C .Climate and Weather

Taguig is in a tropical monsoon climate. All year long, there are high temperatures
and a lot of rain. Taguig experiences 57°F average annual temperature and 159′′ of
precipitation annually. The average humidity is 78%, there are 171 dry days each
year, and the UV index is 7.

Table 1: Climate Data of Taguig City

Figure 2: Average Temperature Taguig City

ECONOMY
 CHAPTER III
Economy

A. Agriculture
Nestled amidst the bustling urban landscape of the Philippines, Taguig City unveils a
surprising tapestry of agricultural enterprises within its vicinity. Despite limited land availability,
innovative farmers and entrepreneurs have cultivated unique agricultural industries that flourish
in the shadow of towering skyscrapers. Here are a few extraordinary agricultural endeavors in
the surrounding areas of Taguig:

Vertical Urban Farming: Embracing the concept of verticality, visionary agriculturists in

neighboring provinces such as Rizal, Laguna, and Batangas have pioneered the art of cultivating
crops skyward. Utilizing cutting-edge hydroponic and aeroponic systems, they grow an array of
vibrant vegetables and succulent fruits. Verdant towers teem with lush foliage, producing an
assortment of leafy greens, succulent tomatoes, crisp cucumbers, juicy watermelons, and exotic
pineapples. These bountiful harvests find their way to the discerning palates of Taguig's bustling
markets and upscale supermarkets, satiating the city's appetite for fresh, local produce.

As Taguig assumes its role as a metropolis of progress, it becomes an integral hub for the
distribution and marketing of these extraordinary agricultural products. Farmers from
neighboring provinces rely on Taguig's vibrant markets, upscale supermarkets, and esteemed
restaurants to showcase their innovative harvests, ensuring a seamless connection between the
urban epicenter and the abundant agricultural tapestry that thrives just beyond its borders.

B. Fishing
Aquaponics Marvels: Embarking on an aquatic adventure, enterprising farmers have
harnessed the potential of Laguna de Bay, the expansive freshwater lake neighboring Taguig.
Here, they have created aquaculture paradises, where tilapia, bangus (milkfish), and catfish
thrive within purpose-built ponds and fish cages. In a symphony of interconnected ecosystems,
these fish coexist harmoniously with hydroponic plants, creating a sustainable aquaponics
system. The nutrient-rich waters nurture both fish and crops, yielding a pristine harvest of fresh
and processed fish products, which grace the tables of Taguig's discerning seafood aficionados.
C. Livestock and Poultry

Sustainable Livestock Sanctuaries: Amidst the urban sprawl, hidden enclaves in the
nearby provinces nurture sustainable livestock farming practices. Within these sanctuaries,
livestock roam freely, imbued with a natural symbiosis with the land. Thoughtful farmers
dedicate themselves to the humane raising of chickens, pigs, goats, and cattle, cherishing their
well-being as they nurture them to maturity. The result is a succulent bounty of ethically sourced
meats and animal products, lovingly delivered to the discerning tables of Taguig's diverse
culinary scene.

D. Forestry
Botanic Artistry: A hidden gem amidst the verdant outskirts of Taguig, Rizal and Cavite
provinces house enchanting nurseries that weave botanical artistry into the urban fabric. Skilled
horticulturists tend to an array of ornamental plants and delicate flowers, cultivating nature's
vibrant palette. From cascading vines to vibrant blooms, these nurseries cater to both domestic
and international markets, offering an eclectic selection for landscapers, garden enthusiasts, and
those seeking to infuse their living spaces with nature's captivating allure.
E. Industries
I. Industries
Taguig City, situated in the Philippines, harbors diverse industries. Here are notable
sectors in Taguig City:

Information Technology and Business Process Outsourcing (IT-BPO): Taguig City has
emerged as a major IT-BPO hub, attracting multinational firms and call centers. These
companies deliver services like customer support, software development, and back-office
operations. Taguig City is a prominent hub for IT-BPO companies in the Philippines, attracting
both multinational corporations and local firms. The city hosts several notable companies in
this sector, such as Accenture, known globally for its consulting, technology, and outsourcing
services. Another company, Convergys (now Concentrix), specializes in customer
management and business process outsourcing. IBM offers a wide range of IT services, while
Teleperformance focuses on customer experience management and support. VXI Global
Solutions provides customer experience and BPO services to industries like
telecommunications and healthcare. Wipro, an Indian multinational, offers IT consulting and
outsourcing solutions. HGS is a global business process management company, and
Sutherland Global Services provides BPO and customer engagement services. Genpact
specializes in digital transformation and customer experience management, and Startek
offers customer engagement services. The city's advantageous location, modern
infrastructure, and skilled workforce make it an attractive choice for IT-BPO businesses.

Finance and Banking: Taguig City is home to a number of financial organizations, including
banks, investment businesses, and insurance companies. Banks and other financial
institutions from both domestic and foreign countries have centralized in the Bonifacio
Global City (BGC) region. Taguig City in the Philippines has become a notable finance and
banking center due to its favorable location, infrastructure, and business environment. The
city's financial landscape includes the prominent BGC district, housing global banks and
financial institutions offering various services. Taguig is also home to headquarters and
major operational centers of leading Philippine banks. The city's thriving business process
outsourcing (BPO) industry provides financial and banking services, while the Philippine
Stock Exchange operates in Taguig. Additionally, Taguig has seen the emergence of fintech
startups offering innovative financial solutions. The city's supportive ecosystem and
proximity to other business districts contribute to its status as a financial center, attracting
both domestic and international players. Overall, Taguig's finance and banking sector
significantly contributes to its economic growth and the development of the Philippines.
Real Estate and Construction: The development of Bonifacio Global City has fueled a
thriving real estate and construction industry in Taguig City. The cityscape features numerous
residential and commercial properties, with ongoing infrastructure projects. Taguig City in
the Philippines has witnessed remarkable growth in its real estate and construction sectors.
The city offers diverse residential options, such as condos, townhouses, and houses, with
popular areas including Bonifacio Global City, McKinley Hill, and Acacia Estates. Business
districts like Bonifacio Global City dominate Taguig's commercial real estate, attracting
multinational corporations and retail establishments. The city is known for its mixed-use
developments combining residential, commercial, and recreational spaces, with Bonifacio
Global City as a prime example. Taguig has invested in infrastructure and connectivity,
improving transportation systems and reducing travel time. The city also emphasizes green
and sustainable developments, incorporating eco-friendly design principles and green
technologies. Real estate investment in Taguig City can be profitable due to its economic
growth and the presence of multinational companies. However, it's essential to stay updated
with the latest information and seek professional advice before making any investment
decisions.
Retail and Hospitality: Taguig City boasts upscale shopping malls, high-end retail outlets,
and luxury hotels. Destinations like SM Aura Premier, Uptown Mall, and Venice Grand Canal
Mall cater to both locals and tourists, generating employment in retail and hospitality. Taguig
City in the Philippines offers a vibrant and diverse retail and hospitality industry catering to
various consumer needs. The city boasts numerous shopping centers and malls like SM Aura
Premier, Market! Market!, Bonifacio High Street, Uptown Mall, and Venice Grand Canal Mall
provide a wide range of retail outlets, dining options, and entertainment facilities. Taguig,
particularly in the upscale Bonifacio Global City (BGC) area, is renowned for its luxury retail
establishments featuring high-end brands and designer boutiques. The culinary scene in
Taguig is diverse, with many restaurants, cafes, and eateries serving various cuisines. The city
also provides a range of hotels and accommodation options, including international chains
and boutique hotels, to accommodate business and leisure travelers. Taguig's entertainment
and leisure offerings encompass cinemas, gaming centers, spas, and fitness facilities.
Additionally, the city attracts tourists through attractions like The Mind Museum and the
Venice Grand Canal Mall and hosts events and festivals throughout the year. Overall, Taguig
City presents a lively and varied retail and hospitality experience, making it an appealing
destination for locals and tourists.

Manufacturing and Industrial Parks: Taguig City accommodates industrial parks and special
economic zones hosting manufacturing enterprises. These companies operate in sectors
such as electronics, food processing, automotive, and pharmaceuticals. Taguig City in the
Philippines has several manufacturing and industrial parks that support its growing industrial
sector. The parks include BGC Industrial Park in Bonifacio Global City, Laguna Technopark in
nearby Laguna, and upcoming developments like Bagong Nayong Pilipino Entertainment City
and Bonifacio South. These parks attract local and international companies, offering modern
facilities and convenient access to transportation networks. They contribute to Taguig's
economic growth by providing employment opportunities and fostering industrial
development.

Health and Medical Services: Taguig City offers modern medical facilities and hospitals,
serving local residents and medical tourists. The healthcare industry is expanding, with a
range of services available in hospitals, clinics, and wellness centers. Taguig City in the
Philippines provides a wide variety of health and medical services to meet the needs of both
residents and visitors. These services encompass hospitals, medical centers, specialty clinics,
primary care and community health centers, emergency medical services, health insurance
programs, and pharmacies. The healthcare infrastructure in Taguig aims to deliver
comprehensive healthcare, specialized treatments, emergency care, and easy access to
medications and medical supplies. The city demonstrates a strong commitment to
prioritizing the health and well-being of its community through the presence of diverse
healthcare facilities and ongoing initiatives.

Education and Training: Taguig City is home to numerous educational institutions, including
international schools, universities, and vocational training centers. These establishments
provide educational and training opportunities across various fields. Taguig City in the
Philippines has a thriving education and training sector, offering a wide range of educational
opportunities. The city is home to numerous schools and universities catering to all levels of
education. Notable institutions include the University of the Philippines Bonifacio Global
City, British School Manila, International School Manila, and Enderun Colleges. Taguig also
provides vocational and technical training centers that specialize in areas such as automotive
technology, culinary arts, hospitality management, and computer programming. The city
government maintains a public education system, and special education services are
available for students with special needs. Taguig is known for its international schools that
offer globally-oriented education. Additionally, the city offers scholarships, continuing
education programs, and support for professionals seeking to enhance their skills. Overall,
Taguig City is dedicated to providing diverse and accessible educational opportunities for its
residents.

Creative and Media Industries: Taguig City flourishes with media companies, advertising
agencies, and production studios. The BGC area is a hub for digital marketing agencies, film
production houses, and creative startups. Taguig City in the Philippines has become a
thriving center for the creative and media industries. The city is home to a variety of creative
and media-related businesses and activities. These include advertising and marketing
agencies, film and television production companies, digital and new media firms, design and
architecture studios, events and entertainment venues, and creative workspaces. Taguig's
 dynamic environment and supportive ecosystem have attracted both local and international
players in these industries, contributing to their growth and development within the city.

Food and Beverage: Taguig City presents a vibrant culinary scene with diverse dining
options, including restaurants, cafes, and food establishments. From local delicacies to
international cuisines, the city caters to a wide range of culinary preferences, fostering
opportunities in the food and beverage industry. Taguig City in the Philippines offers a
vibrant and varied food and beverage scene. The city is home to numerous restaurants,
cafes, food hubs, specialty shops, and nightlife venues. Visitors can explore a wide range of
cuisines, from local Filipino dishes to international flavors, with options for casual and fine
dining experiences. Taguig also features food hubs and markets where visitors can discover
street food and artisanal products. Specialty shops provide gourmet and premium food
items, while the city's nightlife district offers bars and clubs for entertainment. Additionally,
Taguig residents can enjoy the convenience of food delivery services and online platforms.
Overall, Taguig City provides a dynamic culinary landscape that caters to different tastes and
preferences, making it an exciting destination for food enthusiasts.

ii. Heavy Industries

Taguig City in the Philippines is not known for hosting heavy industries. The city primarily
focuses on business districts, commercial centers, and residential areas, rather than heavy
industrial activities. While Taguig does have some manufacturing companies operating in sectors
like electronics, automotive parts, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods, it
does not have a significant presence in heavy industries such as steel production, chemicals, or
heavy machinery. The industrial activities in Taguig are generally smaller in scale and more
aligned with light manufacturing rather than heavy industrial sectors. While Taguig City in the
Philippines is not primarily known for heavy industries, there are a few specific companies in the
city that operate in sectors related to heavy industries. One example is SteelAsia Manufacturing
Corporation, a leading steel manufacturer in the Philippines. Although not directly located in
Taguig City, it has a corporate office in Bonifacio Global City, which falls within the boundaries of
Taguig City. SteelAsia Manufacturing Corporation is involved in the production and distribution of
reinforcing steel bars, wire rods, and other steel products, contributing to the construction and
infrastructure sectors. It's important to note that heavy industries are not the predominant focus
of Taguig City, and the presence of such companies may be limited compared to other cities or
regions in the Philippines.

iii. Sources of Electric Power

In Taguig, Philippines, the primary electricity provider is the Manila Electric Company
(Meralco), which distributes electricity from various sources to consumers. The electricity in
Taguig comes from different origins, including fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and oil. Meralco
also relies on renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, hydroelectric power, and
geothermal power from other regions in the Philippines. Additionally, there are instances where
electricity is imported from neighboring areas or countries to supplement the local supply. It's
important to note that the specific combination of electricity sources can change over time due
to capacity, policies, and technological advancements. For the most accurate and up-to-date
 information, it is advisable to refer to Manila Electric Company (Meralco) or local utility providers
in Taguig.

iv. Potential Sources of Power

Taguig City has several potential sources of power for generating electricity. These include
solar power, wind power, hydroelectric power, waste-to-energy facilities, geothermal power
from nearby regions, and energy imports. Solar power can be harnessed due to the city's ample
sunlight, while wind power can be tapped in specific areas with favorable wind conditions. Small-
scale hydroelectric plants can be explored, and waste-to-energy technologies can convert
organic waste into electricity. While Taguig City doesn't have geothermal resources, neighboring
regions offer geothermal potential. Additionally, energy imports can supplement the local power
supply. Assessing feasibility and considering factors like suitability, environmental impact, cost-
effectiveness, and regulations are crucial in determining the optimal power sources for the city.

F. Pests and Pests Control

Pests
In Taguig City, various pests are commonly found, similar to other urban areas. These pests
include cockroaches, rats and mice, mosquitoes, flies, ants, termites, and bed bugs. Cockroaches
are resilient and often found in areas with food and moisture. Rats and mice can cause damage
and contaminate food sources. Mosquitoes are prevalent, particularly during the rainy season,
and carry diseases like dengue fever. Flies are attracted to unsanitary conditions and can spread
diseases. Ants are common indoors and outdoors, especially around food sources. Termites have
the potential to inflict extensive harm to wooden constructions. Bed bugs are a nuisance,
particularly in mattresses and furniture. Employing proper sanitation practices, regular cleaning,
and professional pest management services are essential for pest prevention and control in
Taguig City.

Pests Control

In Taguig City, there are several options for pest control services to address and manage
pest problems. Taguig City offers a range of pest control services to effectively manage and
eliminate pests. These services include pest control companies, integrated pest management
(IPM) solutions, residential pest control, commercial and industrial pest control, and fumigation
services. Pest control companies in Taguig City are licensed and employ trained technicians to
address various pest issues. IPM approaches combine different techniques for sustainable pest
management. Residential, commercial, and industrial pest control services are tailored to
specific needs. Fumigation services target pests in challenging areas. It is important to select
reputable companies that prioritize safety and eco-friendly practices. Comparing services and
prices can help in making an informed choice. Here are a few notable pest control companies in
the Taguig Area: Rentokil Initial Philippines, PestBusters Philippines, Jopare Pest Control System,
and John & Jacob Pest Control Services Pasig.

I. Communications

Communications Facilities
 In Taguig City, a highly urbanized area in the Philippines, various communication facilities are
available to meet the communication needs of residents and businesses. These facilities include
telecommunications providers such as PLDT, Globe Telecom, and Smart Communications, which
offer landline telephone services, broadband internet, and mobile network coverage. Internet
service providers like Converge ICT, Sky Broadband, and Eastern Communications provide high-
speed internet connections. Cable television services are offered by companies such as Sky Cable
and Cignal TV, while mobile network operators like Globe Telecom, Smart Communications, and
Sun Cellular ensure reliable mobile network coverage. Additionally, Wi-Fi hotspots can be found
in establishments such as cafes, restaurants, malls, and public spaces. The Philippine Postal
Corporation (PhilPost) also operates branches and post offices in Taguig City, providing
traditional mail services. It's important to note that the availability and quality of these
communication facilities may vary by location.

Newspapers and Magazines

In Taguig City, individuals residing in or visiting the area have access to a diverse range of
newspapers and magazines to keep themselves informed and entertained. Numerous
publications are available, offering news on local and global events, lifestyle articles, and other
subjects of interest. Among the prominent newspapers are the Philippine Daily Inquirer, The
Philippine Star, Manila Bulletin, and Manila Times, which provide comprehensive coverage of
politics, business, entertainment, and more. For magazines, options include Metro Society,
Lifestyle Asia, Preview, and FHM Philippines, each specializing in luxury, fashion, culture, or
specific target audiences. Furthermore, local publications and community newspapers cater to
specific neighborhoods or areas within Taguig City. To explore the full selection, individuals can
visit local newsstands, bookstores, or browse online platforms.

Movie Houses

Taguig City has several popular movie theaters where moviegoers can enjoy the latest
films. These include Bonifacio High Street Cinemas, Uptown Mall Cinema, SM Aura Premier
Cinema, Vista Cinemas Taguig, and Venice Cineplex. These theaters offer comfortable seating,
advanced audiovisual technology, and a diverse selection of movies for all ages.

J. Sources of Income and Financial Instution

Economic Dynamism
Revenue Source

Taguig City's main revenue sources consist of:

1. Real Property Taxes: The city collects real property taxes from residential,
commercial, and industrial properties as a significant source of income.
2. Business Taxes and Licenses: Taguig City imposes taxes, fees, and licenses on
businesses operating within its jurisdiction, including registration fees, permits, and
taxes based on sales or receipts.
3. Fees and Charges: Various services provided by the city, such as building permits,
construction fees, parking fees, and licenses, contribute to its revenue through the
collection of fees and charges.
4. Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA): Taguig City receives a portion of the national
internal revenue allotment, which entails the allocation of funds from the national
government to local government units.
5. Economic Enterprise: The city manages economic ventures such as markets, transport
terminals, and other income-generating initiatives that bolster its revenue.
6. Special Education Fund (SEF): Taguig City receives a share of the Special Education
Fund, which is designated for educational expenditures within the city.

Revenue Collection

The Taguig City government employs various methods to collect revenue. Some of the
common methods of revenue collection used by the Taguig City government include:
1. Real Property Tax Collection: The city collects real property taxes from residential,
commercial, and industrial properties within its jurisdiction. Property owners are
required to pay taxes based on the assessed value of their properties.
2. Business Permit and License Fees: Taguig City collects fees from businesses
operating within its boundaries. These fees include business registration fees, permits,
and licenses. The amount varies depending on the type and size of the business.
3. Fees and Charges: The city government imposes fees and charges for the use of
government services and facilities. This includes fees for building permits,
construction fees, parking fees, and other services provided by the city.
 4. Taxes on Gross Sales or Receipts: Taguig City imposes taxes on the gross sales or
receipts of businesses. This tax is typically a percentage of the total revenue generated
by the business.
5. Fines and Penalties: The city government collects fines and penalties for violations of
local ordinances, traffic violations, and other offenses. These fines serve as a source
of revenue for the city.
6. Special Assessments: In certain cases, the city government may impose special
assessments on properties within specific areas or districts to fund specific projects or
services, such as the improvement of infrastructure or maintenance of public spaces.

Banks and Financial Institutions

Taguig City is home to a variety of well-known banks and financial institutions. These
include Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI), BDO Unibank, Metrobank, Security Bank,
UnionBank, and Land Bank of the Philippines. With branches located throughout the city,
particularly in areas like Bonifacio Global City (BGC) and McKinley West, residents and
businesses in Taguig City have access to a wide range of banking and financial services.

K. Economic Future

Taguig City has a promising economic future with several factors influencing its growth
and development. These factors include its status as a business and investment hub, ongoing
real estate and property development, potential in the tourism and entertainment sectors, focus
on technology and innovation, improvements in infrastructure and connectivity, and a
commitment to sustainable development. These aspects have the potential to attract
businesses, investors, and visitors, creating employment opportunities and contributing to long-
term economic prosperity. The realization of Taguig City's economic potential will depend on
factors such as government policies, market conditions, and global economic trends.

L. Analysis

Residents of Taguig City possess a variety of fundamental occupational skills that are
valuable in the workplace. These skills include effective communication, customer service,
computer literacy, problem-solving, teamwork, time management, and adaptability. These skills
are widely found among the residents due to their education, training, and work experience. It is
important to recognize that the specific skills can vary depending on individual backgrounds and
expertise. While some occupational skills may overlap or complement each other, not all skills
are interchangeable. Certain skills, such as communication and customer service, have broader
applicability across industries. However, skills like computer literacy and problem-solving may
have more specific applications depending on the industry or occupation. Teamwork, time
management, adaptability, and flexibility are generally valuable skills but may vary in their
context and requirements across different work environments. It's important to consider the
specific demands of each occupation and industry when assessing the transferability of skills.
Generally, workers in Taguig City are satisfied with the Local Government unit's work. Many
workers from other provinces migrate to Taguig city to grab a job opportunity, proving that
Taguig flourishes when it comes to job opportunities. Taguig City offers employment
opportunities across multiple sectors due to its vibrant urban center and business districts like
Bonifacio Global City (BGC). The presence of multinational companies, financial institutions, and
technology firms creates job prospects in finance, IT, real estate, hospitality, retail, and services.
Proximity to other business districts and the presence of educational institutions, healthcare
facilities, and government offices further enhance job availability. However, job sufficiency varies
across industries and occupations, influenced by specialization, competition, skill requirements,
and economic conditions. Assessing current job market dynamics requires consulting reliable
sources and local employment agencies.

The standard of living in Taguig City, Philippines, is relatively high compared to other
areas. Due to well-developed infrastructure, modern residential options, ample employment
opportunities, quality education and healthcare facilities, a focus on safety and security, and a
wide range of recreational and leisure activities. However, the standard of living can vary among
different neighborhoods and is influenced by factors such as income level and personal
circumstances. Transportation in Taguig City, Philippines, is well-developed and offers various
options for commuting. The city has a good road network and is served by public buses,
jeepneys, ride-hailing services, and shuttle services. While there is no direct Metro Rail Transit
(MRT) or Light Rail Transit (LRT) line within Taguig City, nearby stations provide access to the rail
transit network. The city is also investing in cycling infrastructure. However, traffic congestion
can be an issue during peak hours. Ongoing efforts are being made to improve transportation,
including infrastructure development and traffic management initiatives. Taguig City depends on
external agencies and suppliers for a range of goods and supplies. This includes food, machinery,
vital minerals, and various commodities. Local and external sources provide the necessary
products to meet the needs of residents, businesses, and industries in the city. the tenant-
landlord relationship exists in Taguig City, Philippines, as it does in most cities and regions. In
Taguig City, there are residential and commercial properties that are rented out by landlords to
tenants. This relationship involves the rental agreement between the landlord (property owner)
and the tenant (occupant) for the use of the property in exchange for rent payments. The rights
and responsibilities of both parties are typically outlined in a lease or rental contract, which
governs the terms of the tenancy. Disputes or issues that may arise between tenants and
landlords are generally addressed and resolved through legal processes and the relevant laws
and regulations that govern tenancy in the Philippines.

The residents of Taguig City are generally contended on how the LGU of taguig city
implements its public service and how the city government managed the city utilities in helping
each sectors of the society. While there is no specific information available about international
agencies directly aiding Taguig City, the Philippine government collaborates with various
international organizations and agencies on development projects that may indirectly benefit
the city. Organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and
international NGOs work on programs and initiatives in the Philippines that can have positive
effects on areas such as poverty reduction, education, healthcare, infrastructure, and sustainable
development. For the most up-to-date and accurate information, it is advisable to refer to official
sources such as the Taguig City government or relevant local authorities.
SOCIOLOGY
 CHAPTER IV
SOCIOLOGY
A. Population Structure
Population Density

Taguig City  
Population  886,722
Land Area (In Sq. KM.) 45.21
Population Density 19,613

Population Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.16

 Language & Ethnic Groupings

Taguig City is a diverse and multicultural community with various language and ethnic
groupings. The prominent language groupings include Filipino/Tagalog, English, Visayan
languages, Chinese languages, and other regional languages. Tagalog serves as a lingua franca,
while English is widely spoken in business and educational settings. The Visayan languages are
spoken by migrants from the Visayas and Mindanao regions, while Chinese languages are used
within the Chinese community. Additionally, other regional languages may be spoken by specific
ethnic groups. The linguistic diversity of Taguig City reflects its multicultural environment and
promotes an appreciation for different languages and ethnicities.

In Taguig City, a diverse urban area in the Philippines, there are various ethnic groupings
present. While it is not possible to provide an exhaustive list, some prominent ethnic groups
include the Tagalog, Visayan (Cebuano, Ilonggo, and Waray), Bicolano, Ilocano, and
Kapampangan, Maranao, and Chinese-Filipino communities. These groups contribute to the
cultural fabric of the city. It is important to note that Taguig City is cosmopolitan and
continuously influenced by migration and urbanization, resulting in a dynamic and evolving
ethnic composition.

Religious Groupings

In Taguig City, a diverse urban area in the Philippines, various religious groupings can be
found. While it is not possible to provide an exhaustive list, the major religious affiliations in
Taguig City include Roman Catholic, Protestant, Iglesia ni Cristo, Islam, and other Christian
denominations. Additionally, there are residents who practice Buddhism, Hinduism, and other
indigenous or traditional belief systems. Taguig City embraces religious diversity, allowing
individuals to freely practice their chosen faith. The religious landscape of the city is dynamic
and contributes to its cultural richness.

B. Education

Educational Program

Taguig City in the Philippines offers a range of educational programs to meet the needs
of its residents. These programs include basic education following the K-12 curriculum,
specialized programs for students with disabilities and alternative learning systems, technical-
vocational education in partnership with TESDA, scholarship programs, school infrastructure
development, integration of education technology, and partnerships with private institutions.
The city government prioritizes providing quality education and continuously improves its
educational offerings. For the most accurate and up-to-date information on specific educational
programs in Taguig City, it is best to consult official sources such as the Taguig City government
or the Department of Education (DepEd).

Literacy
 Taguig City has a literacy rate of 98.1 percent, according to the census made by
thev Philippine Statistical Authority.

C. Manpower and Labor Supply

Total Working Population
Combining age groups, those aged 14 and below, consisting of the young dependent
population, including infants/babies, children, and young adolescents/teenagers, make up an
aggregate of 28.42% (228,744). Those aged 15 up to 64, roughly the economically active
population and actual or potential workforce members, constitute 68.85% (554,185). Finally, the
old dependent population consists of senior citizens, those aged 65 and over, a total of 2.73%
(21,986).

Manpower Development

Taguig City recognizes the significance of developing its manpower to support economic
growth and enhance the skills of its workforce. While specific programs and initiatives in Taguig
City are not available, typical areas of focus for manpower development include skills training,
job placement, career development, entrepreneurship support, industry partnerships, and
educational assistance. These efforts aim to provide practical skills, match individuals with
suitable employment, foster entrepreneurship, align programs with industry needs, and provide
educational opportunities. It is advisable to refer to official sources for the most up-to-date
information on manpower development initiatives in Taguig City.

D. Population Structure

Based from the preliminary data on the total number of registered

vital events in the National Capital Region (NCR) as of September 30,
2021, the City of Taguig was ranked 4th on the number of live births,
ranked 12th on the number of marriages and ranked 8th on the
number of deaths, from January 2021 to August 2021. The City of
Taguig shared 7.43% (6,543) on live births, 2.87% (661) on registered
marriages and 4.54% (3,020) on registered deaths from the total
number of registered vital events in NCR with 88,026 total live births,
23,061 total marriages and 66,523 total deaths. Quezon City recorded
the highest number of registered vital events with 19,644 (22.32%) live
births, 7,212 (31.27%) marriages and 15,330 (23.04%) deaths; while the
Municipality of Pateros recorded the lowest number of registered vital
events with 403 (0.46%) live births, 108 (0.47%) marriages and 381
(0.57%) deaths.
Live Births decreases by 7.59 percent
In Table 2, the number of total live births by both sexes and by
usual residence of mother decreased by 7.59% from 15,036 in 2019 to
13,895 in 2020. The decrease on the number of live births was greater
on female compared to male. Live births on male decreased by 6.60%
from 7,777 in 2019 to 7,264 in 2020, while female live births
decreased by 8.65% from 7,259 in 2019 to 6,631 in 2020.
Figure 2 shows the percent distribution of registered live births by sex
and by usual residence of mother for January to August 2021. Out of
6,543 live births, 51.29% or 3,356 were male and 48.71% or 3,187 were
female.
Registered Marriages increases in 2021
In Tables 3 and 4, the total number of registered marriages in the City of
Taguig posted a decrease of 41.81% from 1,710 in 2019 to 995 in 2020. The
same decreasing trend from the data of January to August 2020 with
registered marriages of 611, 44.45% lower compared to January to August
2019 with 1,100. However, an increase of 8.18% was recorded in 2021 of the
same reference months with a total of 661 registered marriages. See also
Figures 3 and 4 below.

Figure 3 shows the percent change from 2019 to 2020 and Figure 4 shows the
percent change from January to August 2019 to 2021.
Registered Deaths increases in 2020 and 2021
In Table 5, City of Taguig showed an increasing trend on the number of
deaths from 2019 to 2021. The number of registered deaths is higher by
8.82% from 2,664 in 2019 to 2,899 in 2020, and 4.17% increase or a total of
3,020 deaths in 2021 (reference months from January to August).
In Figure 5, registered male deaths are higher than the female by 14.55% in
2019, and 15.11% in 2020.
Health Facilities
Taguig City in the Philippines offers various healthcare facilities, including prestigious
hospitals like St. Luke's Medical Center - Global City and The Medical City - Taguig. Public
hospitals like Taguig-Pateros District Hospital and Taguig City Hospital provide affordable
healthcare services to the community. Healthway Medical Clinic in Market! Market! Mall offers
primary care and specialist consultations, while San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation Inc.
Hospital provides medical services in different departments. Residents and visitors can access a
range of healthcare options in Taguig City.

Nutrition

Like any other city or region, nutrition in Taguig encompasses various aspects related to
food availability, dietary patterns, health education, and healthcare access. The city offers a
diverse food landscape with multiple options, including fresh produce and international cuisines.
Through workshops, seminars, and campaigns, the local government implements programs to
raise awareness about healthy eating habits and balanced diets. While progress has been made
in reducing malnutrition rates, it remains a concern in some areas, prompting collaborative
efforts to address it through programs like supplementary feeding and nutrition counseling.
Taguig has healthcare facilities that provide medical services, including nutrition counseling for
individuals with specific dietary needs. Private organizations and community-based initiatives
promote nutrition, focusing on education, sustainable agriculture, and supporting vulnerable
populations. It's essential to stay updated through local government websites, health
department sources, and community organizations for the latest and most accurate information
on nutrition programs and initiatives in Taguig.

Family Planning

The government and healthcare organizations actively support and promote family
planning in Taguig City. They control the number of children and the gaps between their births
through contraception methods and reproductive health services. In Taguig City, the local
government collaborates with the Department of Health to ensure that family planning services
are easily accessible. These services include a variety of contraceptive methods provided
through public health centers and private healthcare facilities. Family planning education,
maternal and child health care, prevention of teenage pregnancies, counseling services, and
information and referral services are also available to support individuals and couples in making
informed decisions about their reproductive health. It is recommended to contact local health
authorities for the most current and specific information about family planning services in Taguig
City.

Disease Control

Disease control is a top priority in Taguig City, and the local government and healthcare
authorities are actively engaged in efforts to prevent, monitor, and manage the spread of
diseases. They prioritize disease surveillance to track and report the occurrence of infectious
diseases. Immunization programs are implemented to ensure people receive necessary vaccines,
and public health education campaigns are conducted to raise awareness about disease
prevention, hygiene practices, and the importance of early medical attention. Vector control
measures are in place to combat diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, while swift responses to
disease outbreaks involve containment measures, medical interventions, and collaboration with
healthcare facilities. Environmental health initiatives are also emphasized, such as monitoring air
and water quality and promoting proper waste management. It is advisable to consult local
health authorities for the most up-to-date and specific information regarding disease control
efforts in Taguig City.

Health Programs

Taguig City has implemented a range of health programs to promote its residents' well-
being and enhance healthcare services. These programs cover various areas, including
preventive care, primary healthcare services, maternal and child health, disease management,
and public health education. Key initiatives include the establishment of Barangay Health
Centers (BHCs) to provide primary healthcare services, programs focusing on maternal and child
health, an Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) to ensure children receive recommended
vaccinations, health education campaigns, specialized healthcare services for senior citizens,
mental health programs, disease prevention and control efforts, and an emergency medical
services system. As health programs are subject to updates, it is advisable to consult the local
health department or official website for the latest and specific information regarding the health
programs available in Taguig City.

Drug Addiction

In Taguig City, drug addiction programs are available to help individuals overcome
substance abuse. These programs include community-based rehabilitation, outpatient treatment
centers, and inpatient rehabilitation centers. Community-based programs focus on counseling,
support groups, and education. Outpatient centers provide counseling, therapy, and medical
support on an outpatient basis, while inpatient rehabilitation centers offer intensive residential
treatment. Support groups like Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous may also be
available. Additionally, prevention and education programs aim to raise awareness about drug
addiction.

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is a concerning issue in Taguig City, just as in other cities. It refers to a chronic
dependency on alcohol, leading to negative consequences for physical health, mental well-being,
relationships, and overall quality of life. While specific data on the current situation in Taguig City
is unavailable, the city likely offers various initiatives and resources to address alcoholism and
support those struggling with alcohol addiction. These may include outpatient or inpatient
treatment centers, support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous, counseling and therapy services,
and prevention and education programs. To obtain the most accurate and up-to-date
information, it is advisable to contact local government health departments, social services, or
organizations specializing in addiction treatment in Taguig City.

Malnutrition
 In Taguig City, various programs and initiatives are made to address malnutrition. These
include nutrition programs promoting healthy eating habits among vulnerable groups, such as
children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Health clinics and hospitals are equipped to identify
and support individuals at risk of malnutrition. Public education campaigns raise awareness
about the importance of balanced diets, breastfeeding, and proper food-handling practices.
Collaboration with NGOs and international organizations enhances the implementation of
effective interventions to combat malnutrition. Together, these efforts work towards improving
nutrition and reducing the prevalence of malnutrition in Taguig City.

E. Public Welfare
Housing
Housing options in Taguig City cater to a diverse range of needs. The city offers various
residential developments, including condominiums, apartments, townhouses, and gated
communities. Bonifacio Global City (BGC) is a prominent district known for its modern and
upscale residential towers. Taguig City implements socialized housing programs to assist low-
income families, providing affordable housing options. Renting is also popular, with various
properties available for different budgets. The city faces challenges related to informal
settlements, and the government aims to provide relocation and alternative housing solutions.
Government housing programs like the National Housing Authority (NHA) and Social Housing
Finance Corporation (SHFC) may have projects within Taguig City.

Squatting

Taguig City faces challenges associated with squatting or informal settlements, where
people occupy land or structures without legal permission. These settlements need proper
infrastructure and basic amenities, contributing to living conditions that are often insecure.
Factors such as high population density, demand for affordable housing, and land ownership
issues contribute to the prevalence of squatting. The local government and national agencies
implement programs to address squatting problems, including relocation projects and the
provision of socialized housing. Efforts are made to integrate squatter communities into society
by providing access to services, skills training, and livelihood programs. It's essential to seek
updated information from the local government's housing department or relevant authorities for
the latest developments regarding squatting issues in Taguig City.

The Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA) and the Taguig City
government have signed the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) and Code of Policies to
implement Executive Order (EO) 70, which designates BCDA's properties in Fort Bonifacio for
socialized housing. The National Housing Authority (NHA) will identify qualified occupants. The
signing involved multiple organizations and aimed to improve living conditions and provide
security of tenure for residents. The IRR ensures the disposition and development of the
properties, considering human rights and gender equality. The Code of Policies guarantees the
security of tenure, aligns outcomes with the NHA's Land Use Plan, and disqualifies professional
squatters. Completing the IRR and Code of Policies comes after 16 years, and a Technical
Working Group was involved in finalizing them.
Criminality

Culture and Arts

Taguig City in the Philippines boasts a lively cultural and arts scene, showcasing a fusion
of traditional and contemporary forms of expression. The following are key elements that define
Taguig's cultural and arts landscape: Festivals: Taguig City hosts various festivals illuminating local
heritage and culture. Noteworthy among them is the Taguig City Foundation Day, featuring
parades, cultural performances, and art exhibitions. Museums and Galleries: The city is home to
numerous museums and galleries that serve as platforms for local artists and exhibit diverse
visual arts. Popular artistic destinations include the Mind Museum, Ayala Museum, and Taguig
City Museum. Performing Arts: Taguig City actively promotes performing arts through venues
such as the Lakeshore Auditorium and the Taguig City University Auditorium. These venues
showcase theater productions, concerts, dance performances, and other cultural events. Street
 Art: Taguig City exudes a vibrant street art scene, particularly in areas like Bonifacio Global City
(BGC). BGC's streets and structures provide canvases for local and international artists,
contributing to the city's thriving urban art culture. Cultural Heritage: Taguig City preserves its
rich cultural heritage through sites that offer glimpses into its history and traditions. These
include the Heritage Park, which houses the Libingan ng mga Bayani (Heroes' Cemetery), and the
Fort Bonifacio Tunnel, a historical landmark. Community Initiatives: Local Taguig communities
actively promote culture and arts. They organize workshops, art classes, and cultural
performances to foster artistic expression and safeguard cultural traditions. Taguig City
University: Taguig City University provides academic programs and courses related to arts and
culture, contributing to the growth of local talent and nurturing artistic skills among its students.
Together, these elements create a dynamic cultural and arts landscape in Taguig City. The
collaborative efforts of the local government, organizations, and communities are instrumental
in preserving traditions, supporting local artists, and providing platforms for the expression and
appreciation of culture.

F. Sociological Issues
Family and Family Ties

Family ties are important and valued in Taguig City, as in many other places in the
Philippines. The Filipino culture places great emphasis on strong family bonds and
interconnectedness. Families in Taguig City often maintain close relationships and provide
support to one another. This can be observed through frequent family gatherings, celebrations,
and the practice of extending assistance and care to relatives. Additionally, the concept of
"bayanihan," which refers to the community coming together to help one another, further
emphasizes the importance of family and communal ties. However, it's important to note that
the nature and extent of family ties can vary from individual to individual and family to family.

Community Set-Up

The community setup in Taguig City is well-established and fosters a sense of belonging
and collaboration among its residents. Key elements include barangays, which are the smallest
administrative units, with their own local government units and officials responsible for
addressing local needs. Community organizations cater to specific interests and needs, while
community development programs focus on improving infrastructure, healthcare, education,
livelihoods, and social services. People's organizations actively engage in community advocacy
and development. Community events and activities promote cohesion and cultural exchange.
Community-based services such as healthcare clinics, schools, and recreational facilities are
easily accessible. Together, these elements create an inclusive environment that encourages
active participation and collective growth within the Taguig City community.

G. Analysis
 Taguig City systematically conducts census through collaboration with the Philippine
Statistics Authority (PSA). Trained enumerators gather population and housing data by
conducting interviews and collecting information on various demographic and socio-economic
factors. The data is processed and analyzed to inform decision-making and resource allocation.
While Taguig City does not conduct a separate census, it collaborates with the PSA to ensure
accurate population data. The level of widespread involvement in decision-making varies
depending on the complexity of the decision and the level of public interest. The local
government employs public consultations, community meetings, and feedback mechanisms to
engage residents. Contentment levels among residents differ based on factors such as access to
education, healthcare, employment, infrastructure, and public services. Taguig City exhibits
cultural diversity, although specific data on racial, tribal, and linguistic diversity is unavailable.
The city recognizes religious freedom and respects the rights of different religious groups.
Communication facilities in Taguig City are generally adequate, but quality and availability may
vary across areas. The local government has implemented measures to enhance public safety,
resulting in a relatively low crime rate in the city.
 GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER V
GOVERNMENT
A. Provincial Government

Local Government’s Background

 Taguig City's local government operates under a mayor-council form of government, manages
the city's affairs, and provides essential services to residents. Over the years, Taguig has experienced
rapid urban development, transforming from an agricultural area to a bustling commercial and
residential hub. The government has actively pursued initiatives to attract investments, promote
business growth, and enhance the quality of life for its residents. Infrastructure development, including
the construction of roads and public transportation systems, has been a focus, along with social welfare
programs, healthcare services, and education initiatives. The government also prioritizes environmental
sustainability and eco-friendly practices. Ultimately, Taguig City's local government strives to create a
vibrant and sustainable city that meets the diverse needs of its residents.

City Officials of Taguig City

Position Name
Mayor HON. MARIA LAARNI "LANI" CAYETANO

Vice Mayor HON. ARVIN IAN V. ALIT

District 1 Representative HON. RICARDO "ADING" CRUZ, JR.

District 2 Representative HON. AMPARO MARIA "PAMMY" ZAMORA

District 1 Councilors RODIL “TIKBOY” MARCELINO

RAUL AQUINO
BABY GLORIA DE MESA
JAIME LABAMPA
LAMBERTO MAÑOSCA
CARLITO OGALINOLA
JOY PANGA-CRUZ
GAMALIEL SAN PEDRO
District 2 Councilors JOMIL SERNA
NICKY SUPAN
JAIME GARCIA
MARISSE ERON
YASSER PANGANDAHAN
ED PRADO
EDGAR BAPTISTA
ALEX PENOLIO

Barangay Chairpersons
Form of Government

Taguig City operates under a mayor-council system of government. The mayor serves as the chief
executive, overseeing the administration and governance of the city. In contrast, the city council acts as
the legislative body responsible for enacting local laws and policies. Working together, the mayor and
councilors make decisions, provide public services, and address the concerns of Taguig City's residents.

Stability

The government of Taguig City maintains a stable and consistent administration. It has
demonstrated a track record of reliable and effective governance, leading to the city's growth and
development. This stability enables long-term planning, policy implementation, and delivering essential
services to residents. The steady government environment fosters trust and confidence among the
people of Taguig City.

Executive Structure
 The executive structure of Taguig City consists of the mayor as the chief executive and the vice
mayor as the second-in-command. The mayor governs the city, makes policies, and oversees various
departments and offices. Together with department heads and city officials, they work to deliver public
services and implement programs. Barangay captains also play a role in addressing local concerns. The
executive structure is designed to ensure effective governance, efficient service delivery, and
responsiveness to the needs of Taguig City's residents.

Legislative Structure

The legislative structure of Taguig City is composed of the city council, which is responsible for
creating and implementing local laws and policies. The commission is made up of elected councilors
representing different districts or sectors in the city. Led by the vice mayor, who acts as the presiding
officer, the council reviews and deliberates on proposed legislation and resolutions. The councilors
actively participate in meetings and sessions to ensure effective governance and address the needs of
their respective areas. The legislative structure of Taguig City promotes democratic representation,
collaboration with the executive branch, and transparency in government.

Effectiveness of City Government

 The city government of Taguig is widely recognized for its effectiveness in driving
development, providing public services, and addressing the needs of its residents. They have
successfully implemented infrastructure projects, social welfare programs, and initiatives for
public safety. These efforts have contributed to the overall progress and well-being of the city.
While individual perspectives may vary, the government's commitment to planning,
implementation, and monitoring has significantly impacted their effectiveness.

Electoral System

The electoral system in Taguig City adheres to the electoral laws and regulations
established by the national electoral system of the Philippines. The city follows a multi-party
system where candidates from different political parties can participate in elections. Registered
voters in Taguig City can vote in national and local elections for various positions. The voting
process is conducted at designated polling places, ensuring the secrecy of the ballot. The
candidate with the most votes is declared the winner, based on either a majority or plurality
voting system. It's essential to refer to official sources, such as the Commission on Elections
(COMELEC), for the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding the electoral system in
Taguig City.

Government Working Relations

Government working relations in Taguig City are characterized by collaboration and

cooperation among different branches and levels of government. This collaboration ensures
effective governance and the delivery of public services to residents. The executive and
 legislative branches work closely together, holding meetings and consultations to formulate
policies and make decisions. The city government collaborates with national government
agencies to implement programs and projects. Coordination with barangay officials and
partnerships with NGOs and the private sector also contribute to grassroots governance and
community development. These working relations enable effective management, policy
implementation, and the provision of public services in Taguig City.

B. Relationship with National Government

Taguig City's representation in national government functions is primarily through its

congressional representatives, who participate in legislative processes and advocate for the city's
interests. The level of representation can vary based on relationships, issue importance, and
alliances formed by local government officials at the national level. Taguig City actively consults
with provincial representatives to exchange ideas, address concerns, and foster collaboration.
The city's representatives contribute to regional and national discussions, ensuring Taguig's
perspectives are considered, and partnerships are formed. The selection of representatives in
Taguig City follows a democratic electoral process, both at the national and local levels,
promoting fairness and transparency.

The conclusiveness of decisions and actions between the local government of Taguig and
the national government depends on specific circumstances. The local government operates
within national laws and regulations, with specific decisions requiring coordination or approval
from the national government, especially in matters of national interest or resources.
Collaborative efforts are made between the two levels of government to achieve effective
governance and address community needs. The national government has a degree of control
over the local government, but the local government maintains autonomy in managing local
affairs and delivering public services. Coordination mechanisms facilitate cooperation, while the
local government can address local issues and develop initiatives tailored to the community's
needs.
POLITICAL
FACTORS

CHAPTER VI
POLITICAL FACTORS
A. Provincial Political Parties
A regional political party in Taguig, Philippines, is known as the Kilusang Diwa ng Taguig. Led by
Dante Tiga, the current chairman of the Development Bank of the Philippines, and his father,
Sigfrido 'Freddie' Tiga, a former associate justice of the Supreme Court, the party was Taguig's
official political party until 2013.

In recent years, the Kilusang Diwa ng Taguig was the local affiliate of the Liberal Party in 2009
and has been the local affiliate of the National Unity Party since 2011. Prior to that, it had
affiliations with the Nationalist People's Coalition, PMM, Reporma-LM, and Lakas-Kampi-CMD.
Following the 2010 elections, the party secured two seats in the House of Representatives and
collaborated with the Liberal Party.

Chart 1: The Kilusanag Diwa ng Taguig

 Ideology of the party:

a. Populism
Populist ideologies encompass a range of political beliefs that often portray a conflict
between 'the people' and 'the elite,' emphasizing the notion of 'the people.' Populism is
frequently associated with anti-establishment sentiments and a general disdain for
traditional politics.

b. Liberalism
Politically and morally, liberalism is built on the individual's rights, freedom, consent of
the governed, political equality, and equality before the law.

c. Conservative liberalism
Conservative liberalism, sometimes known as right-liberalism, is a subset of liberalism
that combines liberal principles with conservative beliefs. It can also simply be defined
as the right-wing of the liberal movement.

Chart 2: National affiliations:

A political party in the Philippines is called the National Unity Party (NUP). After internal
strife within the party, former Lakas-Kampi CMD members split off to form the party in
2010. The party was a component of the PDP-Laban-led Coalition for Change in the
House of Representatives from 2016 to 2022.[2][3]
The party was recognized as a national party by the Commission of Elections in a
resolution dated October 5, 2011[4].

Although the majority of NUP members ultimately backed the United Nationalist
Alliance, particularly Garcia, the party pledged support for Team PNoy at its inaugural
national convention on September 26, 2012.

Party list allies:

 Enrico Pineda (1-Pacman)
 Mikee Romero (1-Pacman)
 Eric Go Yap (ACT-CIS)
 Niña Taduran (ACT-CIS)

Liberal Party was founded on January 19, 1946, by Senate President Manuel Roxas,
Senate President Pro-Tempore Elpidio Quirino, and former Senator José Avelino.
Furthermore, it states that the Liberal Party is the second-oldest political party still in
existence in the Philippines, following the Nationalist Party, and it is also the oldest party
to have maintained continuous existence.
 United Nationalist Alliance (UNA) as a political party in the Philippines. It explains that
UNA was initially formed as a multi-party electoral coalition to replace the United
Opposition (UNO) coalition for the 2013 midterm elections. It further states that on July
1, 2015, Jejomar Binay officially established UNA as a single political party to support his
campaign for the 2016 presidential election. Lastly, it mentions that the abbreviation
"UNA" represents the Spanish-Filipino term for "first.

Affiliated local parties.

 Makatizens United Party – Makati

Former

 Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban) (2012 – March 7, 2014)

 One Cebu (1-Cebu) (2016) (switched allegiance to PDP–Laban)
 Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP) Joseph Estrada wing (2012—15)[6]
 Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) Mark Cojuangco wing
 Nacionalista Party (NP)
 Lakas–CMD
The Nationalist Party (Filipino and Spanish: Partido Nacionalista; lit. 'Nationalist Party')
is the oldest political party in Southeast Asia and the Philippines, respectively. Since its
founding in 1907, the party has been in charge of governing the nation for the majority
of the 20th century.

It held that position from 1935 to 1946 (during the administrations of Presidents
Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmea), 1953 to 1961 (during the administrations of
Presidents Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia), and 1965 to 1972 (during the
administration of President Ferdinand Marcos).

Since the Philippines gained independence from the United States in 1946, numerous
scholarly articles on the history of political parties during the Third Republic have
reached a consensus that the Nacionalista Party has increasingly embraced populism.
This viewpoint has been supported by several scholarly sources However, there have
also been arguments suggesting conservative tendencies within the party, particularly
due to their opposition to the LDP.

According to their official website, the party maintains its commitment to a populist
doctrine to this day.

Political Platform
  Infrastructure Development: Taguig City has been undergoing significant
infrastructure development, particularly in the Bonifacio Global City area. The
political platform has emphasized the construction of modern buildings, roads,
bridges, and other infrastructure projects to enhance the city's urban landscape
and attract investments.
 Economic Growth and Job Creation: The political platform aimed to promote
economic growth and generate employment opportunities for the residents of
Taguig City. This includes attracting businesses, supporting entrepreneurship, and
fostering a business-friendly environment.
 Social Services and Welfare: The political platform prioritized providing quality
social services and welfare programs to improve the lives of the residents. This
includes access to healthcare, education, housing, and other basic services.
 Environmental Sustainability: Taguig City has shown a commitment to
environmental sustainability through various initiatives. The political platform
aimed to implement eco-friendly practices, promote clean and green programs,
and protect the city's natural resources.
 Public Safety and Order: Ensuring public safety and order was a key concern in
Taguig City's political platform. This includes enhancing law enforcement,
implementing crime prevention measures, and promoting community safety.

Political and campaign strategies in Taguig City

Political and campaign strategies in Taguig City, Philippines, can vary depending on the specific
candidates and circumstances. However, here are some common strategies that political
campaigns may employ:

Grassroots Mobilization: Political campaigns often focus on mobilizing grassroots support by

engaging with the local community. This can involve door-to-door campaigning, community
meetings, and rallies to connect with voters directly.

Social Media and Digital Campaigning: The use of social media platforms and digital
campaigning has become increasingly important in recent years. Candidates and their teams
may employ social media campaigns, online advertising, and content creation to reach a wider
audience and engage with voters.

Political Endorsements: Endorsements from influential figures, community leaders, or

organizations can carry significant weight in political campaigns. Candidates may seek
endorsements from local officials, prominent individuals, or respected community groups to
gain credibility and support.

Public Events and Publicity Stunts: Candidates may organize public events, such as rallies, town
hall meetings, and public forums, to increase visibility and engage with voters. They may also
employ publicity stunts or attention-grabbing activities to generate media coverage and public
interest.

Issue-Based Campaigning: Candidates may develop and promote specific policy proposals or
focus on addressing key issues that resonate with the local population. This allows them to
demonstrate their understanding of local concerns and present themselves as viable solutions.

Volunteer and Ground Game: Building a strong volunteer base is crucial for a successful
campaign. Volunteers may be responsible for canvassing, phone banking, organizing events, and
spreading the candidate's message on the ground.

Political Alliances and Coalitions: Candidates may form alliances or coalitions with other
politicians or political parties to strengthen their campaign. This can provide additional
resources, broader support, and increased visibility.
B. Politics in the Provincial Government

1.Nacionalista Party (NP) and Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban):

Historically, the Nacionalista Party and PDP-Laban have been considered as major parties in
Taguig City. They have had a stronger presence and larger support base compared to other
political parties in the area.

2.Liberal Party (LP): The Liberal Party has had a relatively limited presence in Taguig City
compared to the Nacionalista Party and PDP-Laban. However, the LP has had pockets of support
and has produced local government officials in the past.

3.United Nationalist Alliance (UNA) and Other Minority Parties: United Nationalist Alliance
(UNA) and other minority parties may have a more limited presence and support base
compared to the major parties. However, the specific strength of these minority parties may
vary depending on local dynamics, individual candidates, and political alliances formed during
elections.

 Nacionalista Party (NP) and Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban)

Coalition: In previous elections, the Nacionalista Party and PDP-Laban have formed
alliances or coalitions to consolidate their political strength and retain control of the
government in Taguig City. This coalition allowed them to pool resources, share
networks, and increase their chances of electoral success.

 Local Parties and National Parties Coalition: Local political parties in Taguig City
sometimes form coalitions with national political parties to enhance their chances of
maintaining control of the government. These alliances enable the local parties to tap
into the resources, machinery, and wider reach of the national parties.

C. Participation of the Populace in Politics

Taguig held local elections as part of the general election in the Philippines on May 9, 2022. It
also specifies the elective municipal positions that were up for election, including the mayor,
vice mayor, two district representatives, and councilors in each of the city's two legislative
districts.

Taguig City in the Philippines, including its classification as a first-class, highly urbanized
metropolis and its inclusion in the National Capital Region. It also mentions the city's population
of 886,722 according to the 2020 Census, its total area of 45.21 square kilometers, and the
presence of 28 barangays. Additionally, it states the number of registered voters in the city for
the 2022 elections as 449,359.

Criteria for electing candidates into office

These criteria are applicable to all elective positions in the country, including those in Taguig
City. Here are the key criteria for candidates seeking office:

1.Citizenship: Candidates must be Filipino citizens. Dual citizens are allowed to run for public
office as long as they meet the requirements set by law.

2.Age Requirement: The minimum age requirement for most elective positions is 18 years old
on election day. However, some positions may have higher age requirements, such as 23 years
old for members of the Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council).

3.Residency: Candidates must be residents of Taguig City or the specific jurisdiction they seek to
represent. The specific residency period may vary depending on the position. Generally,
candidates must have been a resident of the area for a certain period preceding the election,
typically six months to one year.

4.Education: There are no specific educational requirements to run for most elective positions
in Taguig City or the Philippines in general. However, certain positions, such as senator or
representative, may have higher educational requirements set by law.

5.Disqualification Factors: Candidates may be disqualified from running for various reasons,
including being convicted of certain crimes, holding dual citizenship, or having been found
guilty of electoral offenses.
Use of delegates

In the context of Philippine politics, the use of delegates and delegate systems is not commonly
practiced. The selection of political candidates and the election process in Taguig City, as well as
the rest of the Philippines, primarily relies on direct voting by the eligible electorate.

Political parties in the Philippines typically hold internal party conventions or selection
processes to determine their official candidates for various positions. These processes can
include party primaries, caucuses, or other methods of candidate selection. However, these
methods usually involve party members or leaders casting votes or making decisions rather
than using a delegate system.

Once the official candidates are chosen, they participate in the general election where the
electorate directly votes for their preferred candidates. The voting process is typically done
through secret ballots, and candidates with the highest number of votes are elected to their
respective positions.

Frequency of elections

In Taguig City, Philippines, the frequency of elections depends on the specific positions being
contested. Here are the general guidelines for the frequency of elections in Taguig City:

National Elections: National elections in the Philippines, including the election of the President,
Vice President, Senators, and Party-list Representatives, are held every three years on the
second Monday of May. The next national election is scheduled for 2022.

Local Elections: Local elections in Taguig City involve the election of local government officials.
These include the Mayor, Vice Mayor, City Councilors, and other local positions. Local elections
are also held every three years, synchronized with the national elections. The most recent local
elections in Taguig City took place in 2019, so the next local elections are expected in 202
Electoral System in Taguig City

The electoral system in Taguig City, Philippines, follows the electoral system of the entire
country. The Philippines adopts a plurality-based electoral system, also known as a "first-past-
the-post" system, for most positions.

Under the plurality-based system:

Single-Member Districts: Taguig City is divided into various electoral districts, with each district
electing one representative. These districts determine the jurisdiction and boundaries for
specific positions, such as the Mayor, Vice Mayor, and City Councilors.

Simple Majority: In each electoral district, the candidate who receives the highest number of
votes, even if they do not secure an absolute majority (more than 50% of the votes), is declared
the winner. This means that the candidate with the most votes, regardless of the percentage,
wins the position.

Direct Voting: The electoral system in Taguig City follows direct voting, where eligible voters
directly cast their votes for the candidates of their choice. This is done through secret ballots in
polling stations during the designated election period.

Party-List System: In addition to the plurality-based system, the Philippines also has a Party-list
System that allows registered national, regional, or sectoral parties or organizations to secure
seats in the House of Representatives based on the percentage of votes they receive.
Voter’s Eligibility requirements:

The eligibility requirements for voters in Taguig City, Philippines, follow the guidelines set by
the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) and are the same as those applicable nationwide. Here
are the general requirements for voter eligibility:

1.Citizenship: To be eligible to vote in Taguig City, individuals must be Filipino citizens. Dual
citizens are also allowed to register as voters as long as they meet the requirements set by law.

2.Age Requirement: The minimum age requirement for voter registration in the Philippines is
18 years old on or before Election Day. Individuals who will turn 18 on or before the next
election are also eligible to register.

3.Residence Requirement: Voters in Taguig City must be residents of the city or the specific
barangay (local administrative unit) where they intend to vote. The residence period required
for voter eligibility is typically at least six months prior to the election.

4.Registration: To be eligible to vote, individuals must register as voters with the COMELEC.
They need to accomplish the necessary forms, submit the required documents, and undergo
biometrics capture during the designated voter registration periods.
5.Disqualification Factors: There are certain disqualification factors that may affect an
individual's eligibility to vote, such as being convicted of certain crimes, having been declared
mentally incapacitated by a competent authority, or having been found guilty of electoral
offenses.

D. Analysis

Since Lani's appointment as mayor in 2010, Taguig City's political landscape has become
increasingly divisive. Lani, a 31-year-old former congresswoman from Taguig-Pateros, narrowly
defeated retired Supreme Court justice Dante Tinga in the mayoral campaign, winning by just
2,420 votes.

Her victory posed a threat to the Tinga family's long-standing influence in Taguig politics. The
former Supreme Court justice aimed to succeed his son, Sigfrido 'Freddie' Tinga, who had
completed three terms as mayor and was no longer eligible for reelection. Sigfrido Tinga
currently represents Taguig City's second district. In this year's election, Lani is running against
Rica Tinga, the youngest daughter of the former Supreme Court justice.

One of the first actions taken by the Taguig City Local Chief Executive upon assuming office was
to initiate a relentless battle against crime and illegal drugs. Leadership plays a crucial role in
local governance, and the Taguig City police have achieved significant success in combating the
menace of illicit drugs.

The city of Taguig is a top-notch, highly urbanized metropolis situated in Metro Manila's
southern region. It was formerly a successful fishing hamlet but has since developed into a
significant residential, commercial, and industrial center, and is regarded as one of the top
cities in the Metro.

Taguig is an ideal location to start a family due to its exceptional local government programs,
which are among the finest in the country. The city promotes cleanliness, sets a positive
example, and fosters a sense of community. They provide students with school clothes,
backpacks, and other educational supplies. Moreover, scholarships are offered to many
financially disadvantaged students who aspire to attend college.
 The city prioritizes cleanliness, setting an example for others and fostering a collaborative
spirit. These programs provide students with essential supplies such as school clothes,
backpacks, and educational materials. Moreover, scholarships are offered to students who lack
the financial means to pursue higher education. As the evidence becomes increasingly clear,
Taguig stands out as one of the best places to live in Metro Manila, surpassing many other
cities. The city's rapidly expanding community is a testament to its remarkable success.

What is the general character of politics in the province?

The general character of politics in Taguig City, Philippines, is dynamic and competitive. It has
been marked by the presence of multiple political parties and active participation from various
political factions.

Strong Political Families: Like many areas in the Philippines, Taguig City has been
influenced by prominent political families who have played a significant role in local
politics. These families often have long-standing political legacies and command
considerable support and resources.

Party Affiliations: Political parties, such as the Nacionalista Party (NP), Partido
Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban), Liberal Party (LP), and United
Nationalist Alliance (UNA), have had a presence in Taguig City. Party affiliations play a
role in shaping political dynamics, alliances, and electoral strategies.

Competitive Elections: Taguig City has experienced competitive elections, with

candidates vying for various positions engaging in vigorous campaigns to secure votes.
Elections have seen close contests and shifts in political power, making Taguig City a
politically contested area.

Focus on Infrastructure and Development: Politics in Taguig City have often centered
around infrastructure and development projects. The city has experienced rapid
 urbanization and economic growth, leading to a focus on enhancing the city's
infrastructure, attracting investments, and promoting economic development.

Public Service Programs: Politicians in Taguig City have implemented various public
service programs aimed at improving the lives of residents. These include initiatives in
healthcare, education, social welfare, and community development.

What is the level of political maturity of the political parties? How long have the
parties existed?

Nacionalista Party (NP): The Nacionalista Party is one of the oldest political parties in the
Philippines, with a rich history dating back to the early 1900s. It has been a significant
political force in the country and has had a presence in Taguig City for several years.

Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban): PDP-Laban gained

prominence in recent years and has experienced a surge in popularity. It became more
prominent due to the association with President Rodrigo Duterte. Its presence in Taguig
City may vary, but it has gained influence in national politics.

Liberal Party (LP): The Liberal Party is one of the major political parties in the Philippines.
It has been historically influential in national politics, but its presence in Taguig City may
be relatively limited compared to other parties.

United Nationalist Alliance (UNA): UNA is a political party founded by former Vice
President Jejomar Binay. While it has a national presence, its influence in Taguig City
may vary.
 PEACE AND
ORDER

PEACE AND ORDER

CHAPTER VII

A. Local Insurgency Situation

The composition and organization of peace and order in Taguig City, Philippines, involve
multiple entities working together to maintain public safety and enforce the law. Here are some
key components:
Taguig City Police: The Taguig City Police is responsible for maintaining peace and order
within the city. It is a local law enforcement agency that operates under the jurisdiction
 of the Philippine National Police (PNP). The Taguig City Police enforce laws, respond to
emergencies, investigate crimes, and ensure the safety of residents.

Barangay Peace and Order Council (BPOC): At the barangay level, which is the smallest
administrative division in the Philippines, there are Barangay Peace and Order Councils.
These councils consist of local officials, law enforcement representatives, community
leaders, and other stakeholders. They collaborate to address peace and order concerns
within their respective barangays and coordinate with higher-level authorities.

Local Government Units (LGUs): The local government of Taguig City, led by the mayor
and other city officials, plays a crucial role in maintaining peace and order. The LGU
provides support, resources, and guidance to the police and barangay units. They may
implement policies, programs, and initiatives to enhance public safety and promote
community harmony.

Barangay Tanods: Barangay tanods are community volunteers who assist in maintaining
peace and order at the barangay level. They work closely with the barangay officials and
the police, acting as the eyes and ears of the community and reporting any suspicious
activities or incidents.

Citizens and Community Organizations: The active participation of citizens and

community organizations is vital in maintaining peace and order. Engaged residents can
collaborate with authorities, report crimes, participate in crime prevention initiatives,
and contribute to the overall safety and security of Taguig City.

The local government and law enforcement agencies are responsible for
maintaining peace and order in the city, and leadership positions may change due
to elections, appointments, or other factors.

Mayor: The Mayor of Taguig City is the highest-ranking local government official
responsible for overall governance, including maintaining peace and order. The
specific individual serving as Mayor can change over time, depending on elections
and terms of office.

Figure 7.1 The Mayor of Taguig City: Maria Laarni "Lani" Lopez Cayetano

Chief of Police: The Chief of Police is responsible for overseeing law enforcement
operations and maintaining peace and order within Taguig City. The specific
individual serving as Chief of Police can change due to rotations, promotions, or
reassignments within the Philippine National Police (PNP).
 Figure 7.2 Chief of Police, Taguig CPS: PCOL Robert R Baesa

Also, the national headquarters of the Philippine Army (Headquarters Philippine Army or HPA)
are in Fort Andres Bonifacio, formerly known as Fort William McKinley, in Taguig City,
Philippines.
In the 1940s, an important American army base known as Fort McKinley, which is now called
Fort Bonifacio, existed. However, during the Japanese conquest of the Philippines from 1941 to
1942, it was captured by Japanese forces. In 1945, the base became a fiercely contested area
during the liberation of the Philippines.
 Figure 7.3 Headquarters Philippine Army

Are there affected towns and barangays in Taguig City?

Taguig City, Philippines, is not known to be significantly affected by insurgency. It is generally
considered a peaceful city without active insurgency or major security concerns.

Nature and Extent of Significant Activities

Taguig City in the Philippines was known for its rapid urban development, economic growth,
and modernization. It has become a prominent business and residential hub, particularly in the
Bonifacio Global City area. Some significant activities in Taguig City included:

Economic and Business Activities: Taguig City has experienced significant economic
growth, attracting numerous businesses, multinational companies, and commercial
establishments. It has become a hub for various industries, including finance,
information technology, real estate, and retail.

Urban Development and Infrastructure Projects: The city has been known for its urban
development and infrastructure projects, transforming it into a modern and vibrant
metropolis. Notable developments include the Bonifacio Global City (BGC), which has
seen the construction of high-rise buildings, residential complexes, shopping centers,
and commercial spaces.

Residential Communities and Real Estate: Taguig City has seen the development of
numerous residential communities, catering to a range of housing options from high-end
condominiums to more affordable housing projects. The real estate sector has been
thriving due to the city's attractiveness as a residential and investment destination.

Cultural and Recreational Activities: Taguig City offers various cultural and recreational
activities for residents and visitors. It has parks, museums, art galleries, sports facilities,
and entertainment venues that cater to different interests.

Taguig City in the Philippines is generally considered to have a low risk of insurgency or major
security concerns. However, it is important to recognize that no location is entirely immune to
security threats, and vulnerabilities can exist. Some potential weaknesses and vulnerabilities
that could be relevant to Taguig City or any area include:

Proximity to Conflict-Affected Areas: While Taguig City itself may not have a significant
insurgency presence, its proximity to conflict-affected areas in other parts of the country,
such as Mindanao, could pose potential security risks. Insurgent groups have been
known to operate in certain regions, and there is a possibility of their activities spilling
over into neighboring areas.

Urban Centers and Critical Infrastructure: Taguig City's status as a thriving urban center
and its presence of critical infrastructure, commercial establishments, and high-profile
targets could make it vulnerable to potential security threats. Terrorist organizations or
extremist groups may view densely populated urban areas as potential targets for
attacks or disruption.

Infiltration and Radicalization: There could be a risk of individuals or groups with

extremist ideologies attempting to infiltrate communities in Taguig City for recruitment
or radicalization purposes. Efforts to counter radicalization and prevent the spread of
extremist ideologies are essential to mitigate such risks.

Weaknesses in Intelligence and Security Systems: Any deficiencies in intelligence

gathering, information sharing, or security systems at the local or national level could
pose vulnerabilities. It is crucial to have robust intelligence networks and effective
collaboration among law enforcement agencies to identify and neutralize potential
threats.