ANS 31021 AQUACULTURE

TECHNOLOGY (1:08/15)

S. Thatchaneshkanth

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 Introduction
What is Aquaculture?
• Aquaculture is culturing of aquatic biota in
fresh waters, brackish water or sea water by
human as an economic activity.

• Aquaculture is different from Capture

fisheries.
– In capture fisheries fish are harvested without
performing any farming activity by human.

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 FAO (2016)

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Mariculture:
• The raising of aquatic plant and animals in the
sea water.

What is the difference between mariculture

and aquaculture?
• Aquaculture includes the cultivation of plant
and animals both freshwater and saltwater,
while mariculture refers the cultivation of
aquatic biota in saltwater such as sea or tanks
filled with salt water
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 Importance of Aquaculture
• Aquaculture yields a much needed protein
source.
– The cheapest animal protein consumed by Asians.
– Commonly available in various forms (fresh, dry,
fermented, canned, processed)
– Consumption is not restricted by cultural taboos.
– A healthy food for convalescing people
– Fatty acid composition in fish desirable for human
health.
– LDL cholesterol is comparatively less and HDL is high
in fish.
– Eradication of malnutrition in human population.
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• Capture fisheries cannot keep up with the
demand presented by the growing human
population.
• Minimize pollution by maximize recycling waste
which produce by man.
• Rearing area is three dimensional space
• Aquaculture can create employment for
community.
• Earning foreign exchange.
• Aquaculture make low risk to environment
compare to other farming.

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 Impacts of Aquaculture
Pollution
• Especially with intensive aquaculture farms, there
is the issue of irresponsible waste (including
uneaten food, body wastes and dead fish)
discharge from the farms, which result in
contamination of nearby water and soil
• If chemicals, nutrients and foods dissolve in farm
water, they cause eutrophication such waters
come into contact with surrounding waters.
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Problem for wild species
• Wild stock may face food and mating competition
or predators if farmed species get into the wild,
either by intentional release or accidental escape.
• They can spread diseases and just like the
concerns of GMO seeds, they may mix up with
wild species and soon we will not be able to
differentiate between wild stock and farmed
species.
• They my also interbreed with wild stock and
endanger some native species, threatening the
entire ecosystem.
• There is always a chance that dissolved chemicals
(drugs etc.) which used for fish farming may get
into contact with other aquatic organisms nearby.
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Habitat destruction
• One good example of habitat destruction is
from the creation of ponds for culturing
marine shrimps.
• Thousands of hectares of mangroves and
coastlands, which serve as nursery ground for
many aquatic organisms have been destroyed
in many places.
• Mangroves also support many marine and
terrestrial species, and also protect coastlines
from storms.

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 World aquaculture status

FAO (2016)
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 FAO (2016)

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 FAO (2016)

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 Aquaculture sector in Sri Lanka
• Fisheries sector in Sri Lanka account for 1.8
percent of GDP
• The fisheries sector provides 70 percent of the
animal protein intake in the country.
• The fisheries sector provides about 540,000
direct and indirect employment opportunities.
• it plays a major role in foreign exchange
earnings and present annual contribution is
about US$ 200 million.
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• Total fish production in 2013 amounted to
512,840 metric tons and it value addition was
Rs. 156,358 million (US$ 1,212 Mn.)
• Growth rate of fisheries sector in 2013 was
recorded as 6.2 percent
• Around 266,293 active fishermen have
engaged in both marine and inland fisheries
and 1,033,224 members of their household
depend on the income gained through fishing
and related activities.
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• Currently the Fisheries Ministry is in the
process of increasing the per capita availability
of fish from 11kg to 22kg.

IL
• Fish Production in2019 in Sri Lanka

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