Farming system

Farming system are those, which receive a direct or

indirect input from human.

Types of Farming systems

• Extensive farming system
• Semi – intensive farming system
• Intensive farming system
• Super – Intensive farming system
• Extra super – Intensive farming system
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 Extensive Farming system
• When feed is not used as an input (0%) it is
defined as an Extensive Farming system.

• If fish are cultured without supplying any

feed directly or indirectly such farming system
become Extensive farming system.
•Eg : when fish are introduce to the
reservoir but never perform any feeding
such farming system become extensive
farming system.
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 Semi-Intensive Farming system
•Semi-Intensive farming systems are defined
as those which receive some percentage
(above 0% and below 100%) of feed as an
input.

•All the integrated farming systems are

categorized under semi-Intensive farming
system.

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 Intensive farming systems

•In an Intensive farming system 100% of the

required feed are provided to the culture
species.

•Usually such feeds are suitable for specific,

cultured species at a unique growing stage

•Therefore intensive farming systems are

monoculture farming system
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 Super intensive farming systems
• In super intensive farming system in addition
to providing 100% of the feed requirement
some other basic requirement are also
provided
• Aeration
• Exchange of quality water
• Optimum temperature

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 Extra super intensive farming system

When steps are taken to reduce the involvement

of human in farming system such farming
system called as extra super intensive farming
system

In such farming system technological

improvements are used to minimize the cost for
labor
• Use of robots
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 Aquaculture resources in Sri Lanka
Marine resources
• Sri Lanka has coastline of about 1, 585 km of
which 300 km are beaches and sand dunes.
• The continental shelf of the country as an area
of about 31,000 sq km and the width ranges
from 9 to 45 km with an average depth of 66 m.
• The territorial sea of the country as an area of
about 21,500 sq km

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• The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)of the
country as an area of about 517,000 sq km

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 Classification of marine waters

Marine
water

Coastal Off shore Deep sea

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• Coastal- Coastal waters represent the
interface between land and ocean
(continental shelf area)

• Off shore- Tip of the continental shelf up to a

200 m depth

• Deep sea- beyond the 200 m depth and

includes International water as well

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 Important coastal habitat of Sri Lanka
• Coral reefs

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• Lagoons and Salterns
– Lagoons are shallow, often
elongated bodies of water
separated from a larger
body of water by a shallow
or exposed shoal, coral reef,
or similar feature.

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• Estuaries
• An estuary is a partially enclosed body of
water formed where freshwater from the land
meets and mixes with saltwater from the
ocean.

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• Mangroves
– A mangrove is a shrub or small
tree that grows in coastal saline or
brackish water. The term is also
used for tropical coastal
vegetation consisting of such
species

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18
 Other resources

• Seagrass bed
• Salt marshes
• Barrier beaches

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Inland resources
– Brackish water
– Fresh water
• Inland fisheries and aquaculture segment is an
imperative segment with huge potentials to
develop industry.
• Need to increase fish production in inland fish
production through culture based fisheries.
• As the country has an abundance of inland
water bodies

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Brackish water
• Private sector has the opportunity to engage
in brackish water aquaculture
• Culture of shrimp, prawn and crabs for the
export industry.
• Brackish water resources in Sri Lanka
Puttalam 1200ha Hambantota 400 ha

Galle 200 ha Baticalo 1600 ha

Mannar 800 ha Jafnna 400 ha

Trincomale 600 ha Mullaitivu 800 ha

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Fresh water resources
• Sri Lanka also has extensive fresh water
resources for carrying out fishing activities.
• According to NAQDA fresh water bodies
comprise around 260,000ha.
• These includes
– Perennial reservoirs- 155,000 ha
– Seasonal tanks - 100,000 ha
– Villus - 5,000 ha

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• On the basis of their size and fishery
management norms the reservoirs in the
country can be grouped under three broad
categories
– Large - over 800 ha capture fisheries
– Medium - 200-800 ha
– Small - less than 200 ha culture fisheries
• Other fresh water sources
– Seasonal tanks – hold water 6-8 months
– Villus
– Estate tanks
– Flood lakes
– River basins
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 Cultivable fish species
• Marine fin species (Pelagic & Demersal species)
– Yellowfin tuna - Thunnus albacares
– Skipjack tuna - Katsuwonus pelamis
– Flatfish - Scophthaluomus maximus
– Groupers - Epinehelus species
– Mullets - Mugil species
– Puffers - Fuga species
– Salmonoids - Salmo species
– Seabass - Dicentraichus labras
– Seabreams - Sparus species
– Yellowtail - Seriola quinqueradiata
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• Brackish water type
– Milkfish - Chanos chanos
– Grey mullet - Mugil cephalus
– Pearl spot - Etropleus suratensis
– Eel - Anguilla japonica

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• Fresh water type
– Common catfish
– Common labeo
– Orange fin labeo
– Marbled spiny eel
– Butter catfish
– Snekehead
• Some exotic food fish
– Rainbow trout
– Giant gurami
– Common carp

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• Indian major carp
– Catla catla - catla
– Cirrhinus mrigala - mrigal
– Labeo rohita - rohu
• Chinese major carps
– Aristichthys nobilis - Bighead carp
– Hypopthalmichthys molitrics - Silver carp
– Ctenopharyngodon idellus - Grass carp

• Tilapias
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Shellfish species
• Crustacean decapods
– Giant tiger shrimp- Penaeus monodon
– White shrimp- Penaeus indicus
– Penaeus vanamei
– Giant fresh water prawn- Macrobrachium
rosenbergii
– Mangrove crab

• Lobsters

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• Bivalves
– Oysters
– Mussels
– clams

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 Government institutes overlooking
fisheries and aquaculture in Sri Lanka
• National Aquaculture Development Authority
(NAQDA)- www.naqda.gov.lk/

• National Aquatic Resources Research and

Development Agency (NARA)- www.nara.ac.lk/

• Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources-

www.fisheriesdept.gov.lk/

• Department of Coast conservation-

www.coastal.gov.lk/
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• Ceylon Fishery Harbours Corporation (CFHC)-
www.cfhc.gov.lk/

• Ceylon Fisheries Corporation (CEYFISH)-

www.cfc.gov.lk/

• Cey-Nor Foundation Limited -

http://ceynor.gov.lk/

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 National Aquaculture Development
Authority (NAQDA)

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Functions
• Develop aquaculture and aquaculture operations, with a
view to increase fish production and fish consumption in
the country
• Promote the creation of employment opportunities
through the development of inland and coastal aquaculture
• Promote the farming of high valued fish species including
ornamental fish for export
• Facilitate optimum utilization of aquatic resources through
eco- friendly aquaculture practices
• Promote and establish small, medium and large scale
private sector investments in aquaculture
• Conserve and rehabilitate aquatic resources devastated by
poor aquaculture practices
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IL
• Students will browse the websites of
government institutions which govern or
manage aquaculture and fisheries, and
understand their roles in aquaculture
management in Sri Lanka.

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