CLS ENG 20 21 XI Che Target 2 Level 1 Chapter 4

Level-I
Chapter 4
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Solutions (Set-1)
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
H H H
1. H—C—C = C—C ≡ C—H
H
It contains 10 sigma (σ) bonds and 3 pi (π) bonds.
2. S
O O
3. An ionic bond is a link formed as a result of the electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions.
4. A covalent bond is a chemical bond which is formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms.
5. The molecule of sucrose contains many –OH groups and hence are capable of forming H–bond with water.
6. This is due to large size of Cl–atom.
7. p-nitrophenol has higher boiling point due to intermolecular H-bonding.
8. d x2 − y2 . This is because its four lobes lie along the x-axis and y-axis. The two p-orbitals can combine along
these axes.
9. The electrovalency is defined as the number of electron lost or gained by an atom. It is equal to the number
of unit charge on the ion.
3–
10. The electronic configuration of the N3– ion is 1s2 2s2 2p6 and its Lewis symbol is N .
Short Answer Type Questions :
11. Hybrid states of C atom in C2H6, C2H4 and C2H2 are respectively sp3, sp2 and sp. C–H bonds in C2H6, C2H4
and C2H2 are respectively sp3 – sσ, sp2 – sσ and sp – sσ bond. Since size of hybrid orbitals varies as
sp3 > sp2 > sp. Therefore, (sp3 – s) σ > (sp2 – s) σ > (sp – s) σ bond.
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2 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)
12. NO2+ is linear as there is no lone pair on N atom. NO2 and NO2− , both have bent shape. In NO2, there is one
odd electron on N atom but in NO2− there is one lone pair of electron on N atom.
Repulsion
+
O N O Less Less More
N N
180° O 132° O O 115° O

No lone pair One unpaired e– One lone pair
around N around N around N
Bond angle around N decreases
13. (i) Lewis concept considers the formation of covalent bond by mutual sharing of electrons. VB theory
considers the formation of covalent bond by overlap of half filled atomic orbitals.
(ii) Lewis concept does not provide explanation for different shapes of molecules but VB theory does explain
molecular shapes.
(iii) Lewis concept does not explain the bond strength but VB theory is able to explain it.
14. The given structure is

H H O H
1 2 3 4 5 6
H–C–C–C–C–C ≡ C–H
H H H
The hybrid states of various carbon atoms is
C1 (sp3) ; C2 (sp3) ; C3 (sp2) ; C4 (sp3) ; C5 (sp) ; C6 (sp)
(i) C1, C2, C4 atoms have sp3 hybrid state; C5, C6 atoms have sp hybrid state.
(ii) Decreasing order of s-character is C5 > C3 > C2.
15. (i) C2H2 (180°) > BCl3 (120°) > CH4 (109°.28′) > NH3 (107°) > H2O (104.5°).
(ii) NH+4 (109°.28′) > NH3 (107°) > NH2− (≈ 105°).
(iii) CO2 (180°) > H2O (104.5°) > H2S (92°) > H2Se (90.5°) > H2Te (≈ 90°).
16. In BF3 molecule, B atom assumes sp2 hybrid state. The three sp2 hybrid orbitals are used to form sigma bonds
with 3 fluorine atoms to give trigonal planar structure.
In anhydrous BF4–, boron atom is sp3 hybridised, so it is tetrahedral.

F–
Cl Cl
B 120° B
F F
Cl
F
Trigonal planar Dimer of AlCl3
structure of BCl3
Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 3
17. (i) Bond energy of N2+ ≈ bond energy of N2− . This is because they have the same bond order ( N2− is slightly
less stable and hence has less bond energy than N2+ due to presence of greater number of electrons in
the antibonding molecular orbitals).
(ii) (a) Same bond order and bond length.
(b) Same bond order and bond length.
18. In the vapour state at high temperature, BeCl2 exists as linear molecule, Cl–Be–Cl. The hybridization of the
central atom is sp.
180°
Cl — Be — Cl
19. NH3 is more reactive than NF3 because NH3 is more polar as compared to NF3. The higher dipole moment of
NH3 is because of the fact that in NH3 the three N–H bond moments reinforce the lone pair moment while in
NF3, the three N–F bond moments oppose the lone pair moment.
N N
H F F
H
μR
H F
–30 –30
μ = 4.9 × 10 Cm μ = 0.8 × 10 Cm
20. O
F F
P Xe
Cl Cl
F F
Cl
Tetrahedral Square planar
21. H Cl H—Cl
H O Cl H—O—Cl
H O Cl O H—O—Cl O
O
O
O
O
H O Cl O H—O—Cl O
O
O
22. The resonating structure of O3 molecule which satisfy the octet rule are structure I and structure II. The probable
hybrid structure is represented by III.
+ +
O O O
–
O O– O O O O
I II III
Resonating structure Hybrid structure
23. (i) Lattice enthalpy of MgO is higher than that of BaO due to relatively larger size of Ba2+ ion.
(ii) Size of Cl– ions is larger than F– ions consequently, Lattice enthalpy of MgCl2 is smaller than that of MgF2.
Due to smaller value of ΔLH° of MgCl2, its solubility in water is relatively more.
(iii) AlF3 is ionic compound while SiF4 is a non polar covalent compound. Hence interparticle forces in AlF3
are quite strong.
24. (i) F2 > Cl2 < O2 < N2.
O2 has double bond while N2 has triple bond. The bond strength of F2 is smaller because the presence
of three lone pairs around each F atom cause repulsive interactions. It is because of very small size of
F atom.
(ii) The two resonating structure of N2O are
N≡ N O N N = O
25. The Lewis dot structure of OF2 is
F O F
Since O is surrounded by 2 bond pair and 2 lone pair. Hence, arrangement of lone pair and bond pair should
be tetrahedral. Therefore hybrid state of O should be sp3.
26. (i) Be is surrounded by only two bond pairs while in SnCl2, Sn is surrounded by two bond pairs as well as
one lone pairs.
(ii) The ionic species constituting CsBr3 and Cs+ and tribromide ions (Br3− ) .
27. (i) In KHF2, the ions present are K+ and HF2− . The HF2− ion is formed by combination of H–F and F– ions
due to H-bonding. [F……H–F]–. The corresponding [HCl2]– ion is not possible because Cl– ion cannot form
effective H-bonding with HCl.
(ii) Highest bond angle is in CO2 i.e., 180°.
(iii) N2O and I3– are linear species.
28. Type of hybridisation of central atom, i.e., N atom in NO2+ is sp hybridised while in NO2− and NO3− , it is sp2
hybridized.
Their structures are :
O
N N
+ – –
O N O O O O O
Bond angle 180° > 132° > 120°
2+1 2 + 1+ 1
Bond order 2 = 1.5 = 1.33
2 3
Bond length NO+2 < NO–2 < NO–3
29. The bond length in a molecule is dependent on bond order. The higher is the bond order, smaller will be the
bond length.
Peroxide ion, O22 −
O22 − : K K (σ 2s )2 (σ * 2s )2 (σ 2pz )2 (π 2py )2 (π 2px )2 (π * 2py )2 (π * 2px )2
8−6
Bond order = =1
2
Superoxide ion, O2−
O2− : K K (σ 2s )2 (σ * 2s )2 (σ 2pz )2 (π 2py )2 (π 2px )2 (π * 2py )2 (π * 2px )1
8−5
Bond order = = 1.5
2
Bond order of superoxide ion is higher than peroxide ion, hence bond length of peroxide ion is larger.
30. A single covalent bond has only one shared pair of electrons between the two atoms.
For example : H H
If two atoms share two pairs of electrons, the covalent bond between them is called a double covalent bond.
For example : O O
Long Answer Type Questions :
31. ClO4− ion is resonance hybrid of the following structures:
–
O O O O
Cl Cl Cl Cl
–
O O O O O O– O – O
O O O O
–
O
Cl
The probable hybrid structure is
O O
O
All the Cl–O bonds are equivalent having bond order = 1.75.
32. Cl Cl
Cl 90° Cl
Cl P Cl P 120°
Cl Cl
Cl Cl
P atom has five bond pairs Trigonal bipyramidal geometry

around it which assume trigonal angle around P = 90° and 120°.
bipyramidal arrangement. Axial P—Cl bonds are longer
than equatorial bonds.
F F
F F
F Br F Br
F F F
Br atom has 5 bond pairs and 1 lone Square pyramidal shape

pair around it. Hence five F atoms and
one lone pair assume octahedral
arrangement giving square pyramidal shape.
33. In O2(AsF6), oxygen is present as O 2+ while in KO2 it is present as O2– ions. Now M.O. electronic configuration
of O2, O2+ and O2– are
O2 : K K (σ 2s )2 (σ* 2s )2 (σ 2pz )2 (π 2px )2 (π 2py )2 (π * 2px )1(π * 2py )1
1
Bond order = (8 – 4) × =2
2
O2 + : K K (σ 2s )2 (σ* 2s )2 (σ 2pz )2 (π 2px )2 (π 2py )2 (π * 2px )1
1
Bond order = (8 – 3) × = 2.5
2
O2 – : K K (σ 2s )2 (σ* 2s )2 (σ 2pz )2 (π 2px )2 (π 2py )2 (π * 2px )2 (π * 2py )1
1
Bond order = (8 – 5) × = 1.5
2
Thus, increasing order of O–O bond length is
KO2 > O2(AsF6) > O2.
34. (i) In OSF4, there are four F atoms bonded to sulphur by σ bonds while O atom is bonded to sulphur by
double bond. Thus the molecule adopts trigonal bipyramidal arrangement with S = O bond taking the
equatorial position because of the relatively smaller repulsive interactions.
F
F
O S
F
Trigonal bipyramidal arrangement
(ii) In XeF4, Xe atom is surrounded by four bond pairs and two lone pairs. These four F atoms and two lone
pairs adopt octahedral arrangement giving square, planar shape to the molecule. The lone pairs occupy
diagonally opposite arrangement.
F F
Xe
F F
Square planar shape
1
35. Type of hybridisation, H = [7 + 2 – 0 + 1] = 5, i.e., sp3d hybridisation. The central atom I undergoes sp3d
2
hybridization. The electronic configuration of I atom in ground state is 5s 2 5 px2 5 py2 5 pz1 5d 0 . It undergoes
hybridization giving 5 hybrid orbitals. Three hybrid orbitals contain lone pair of electrons each and occupy
equatorial positions of the trigonal bipyramid. One hybrid orbital is half filled, it overlaps with an orbital of chlorine
atom and forms a covalent bond. One hybrid empty orbital accepts an electron pair from Cl ion to form a co-
ordinate bond. The Cl atoms are present on axial positions.
–
Cl
Cl
36. NH4NO3 is an ionic compound in which cation is NH+4 ion and anion is NO3− ion. In NH+4 ion, three covalent
bonds and one co-ordinate bond is present. The nitrogen is in sp3 hybrid state, i.e., the species is tetrahedral.
In NO3− , nitrogen is in sp3 hybrid state, i.e., the species is trigonal planar. One oxygen is linked by a double
bond, other by a covalent bond and third by a co-ordinate bond.
+ –
H O
N H N
H H O O
37. The Lewis structure of SF4 is :
F
F S
F
F
S atom is surrounded by five electron pairs (4 bonded and one lone pair) thus, the geometry is trigonal
bipyramidal. The actual shape is see-saw.
The Lewis structure of ICl3 is :
Cl I Cl
Cl
Iodine is surrounded by five electron pairs (3 bonded and two lone pairs). Thus, the geometry is trigonal
bipyramidal. The actual shape is T-shape.
Cl—I—Cl
Cl
The Lewis structure of PbCl2 is :
Cl Pb Cl
Pb is surrounded by three electron pairs (2 bonded and one lone pairs). Thus, the geometry is trigonal planar.
The actual shape is V-shape, i.e., bent structure.
Pb
Cl Cl
The Lewis structure of NH+4 ion is :
+
H
H N H
H
Nitrogen is surrounded by four bonded pairs. The shape is thus tetrahedral.

38. (i) H2CO3
O
C
O O
H H
C and all three O atoms obeying octet rule. Only H-atom has two valence electrons.
(ii) SF6
F
F F
S
F F
F
S-atom is not obeying the octet rule. S atom has 12 valence electrons.
(iii) PF5
F
F F
P
F F
Phosphorus has an expanded octet and tatal 10 electrons.

(iv) IF7
F
F
F
I F
F F
F
Iodine is not obeying the octet rule. It has total 14 electrons.
(v) CS2
S C S
CS2 is obeying the Lewis octet rule.
39. (i) SO3
O O O
S S S
O O O O O O
(ii) NO2
O O
N N
O O
(iii) NO3−
– – –
O O O
N N N
O O O O O O
40. A dipole consists of a positive and negative charge (equal in magnitude) separated by a distance within a
molecule. Dipole moment is defined as the product of the magnitude of charge on any one of the atoms and
the distance between them.
Dipole moment is represented by μ (mu).
μ = charge (q) × distance of separation (r)

Dipole moment is usually expressed in debye units (D). The conversion factor is
1D = 3.33564 × 10–30 Cm
where C is coulomb and m is metre.

Dipole moment is a vector quantity and is depicted by a small arrow with tail on the positive centre and head
pointing towards the negative centre. For example the dipole moment of HF may be represented as :
H F
The shift in electron density is symbolised by crossed arrow ( ) above the Lewis structure to indicate the
direction of the shift.
41. (i) H2O
H H
The bond dipole point from the H atoms towards the more electronegative O atom. The H2O molecule
has a non zero dipole moment, hence water molecule is polar.
(ii) CCl4 : Tetrahedral in shape. The Lewis diagram is
Cl
Cl C
Cl Cl
The molecule has a zero dipole moment and hence is a non-polar molecule.
(iii) PCl5 : Trigonal bipyramid. The Lewis structure is
Cl
Cl
P Cl
Cl Cl
The net dipole moment is zero. So, the molecule is non-polar.

(iv) BF3 : Trigonal planar
B F
The net dipole moment is zero. So, the molecule is non-polar.
42. Molecule Structure bonds Sigma pi

bonds bonds
H H
(i) C2H3Cl H–C = C–Cl 5 1
H
(ii) CH2Cl2 H–C–Cl 4 0

Cl
H H
(iii) H3C–CH = CH–C ≡ CH H–C–C = C–C ≡ C–H 10 3

H H
43. (i) Water molecule : The electronic configuration of an O atom is 1s2 2s2 2p4. There are six electrons in
the valence orbitals of oxygen.
1s 2s 2p
An oxygen atom can complete its octet by sharing two electron pairs. The overlap in H2O molecule is
between the 2p orbital of O and the 1s orbital of H.
1s
H
2s 2p
O [He]
1s
H
H + O + H ⎯→ H O H or H—O—H
(ii) Nitrogen molecule, N2. The N atom has the configuration 1s2 2s2 2p3. Each of p-orbital is half filled. An
N-atom join with another N-atom though the overlap of the six half filled 2p-orbitals resulting in sharing
of three electron pairs.
2s 2p
N [He] N N
2p or
2s
N [He] N≡ N
44. (i) In both CCl4 and SiCl4, the central atom is sp3 hybridised. Both are AX4 type molecules without any lone
pair of electrons present on the central atom. Hence CCl4 and SiCl4, both are tetrahedral is shape.
(ii) In BF3, the B atom is sp2 hybridised (AX3). The shape is trigonal planar. In NF3, N atom is sp3 hybridised
due to the presence of one lone pair of electron on N atom, the shape is reduced from tetrahedral to
trigonal pyramidal.
(iii) In H2O, O atom is sp3 hybridised. But due to the repulsion between lone pair-lone pair of electron on
O-atom, the angle is reduced to 104.5° from 109°. In H2S, S is less electronegative than O atom, so
bond pair-bond pair repulsion is less than H2O.
45. In case of polyatomic molecules, the measurement of bond strength is more complicated. For example in case
of H2O molecule, the enthalpy needed to break the two O–H bonds is not the same.
o –1
H2O(g) H(g) + OH(g) ; Δ aH1 = 502 kJ mol
o –1
OH(g) H(g) + O(g) ; Δ aH2 = 427 kJ mol
–
The difference in the Δ aH value shows that the second O–H bond undergoes some change because of
changed chemical environment. This is the reason for some difference in energy of the same O–H bond in
different molecules like C2H5OH (ethanol) and water. Therefore in polyatomic molecules the term mean or
average bond enthalpy is used. It is obtained by dividing total bond dissociation enthalpy by the number of
bonds broken as explained below in case of water molecule.
502 + 427
Average bond enthalpy = = 464.5 kJ mol–1.
2
Due to these reasons the measurement of bond strength is complicated in polyatomic molecules.

Level-I
Chapter 4
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Solutions (Set-2)
[Lewis Structure and Type of Bond]
1. Answer (2)
Except BF3, all molecules have complete octet hence only BF3 can act as Lewis acid.
2. Answer (1)
K C  N 
KCN has ionic and covalent bonds.
[V.B.T. and Hybridisation]

3. Answer (2)
+
+ Non-bonding overlap
–
4. Answer (4)
P
O O
O
O P P O
O
O O
P
O
Each P is attached to 4 oxygen atoms.
5. Answer (3)
Both S and P are sp3 hybridized in SO 24 and PO 34 respectively.
6. Answer (3)
Both SO 24 and BF4 have sp3 hybridization.
7. Answer (3)
NH3
1
VSEP = (V + M – C + A)
2
1
= (5 + 3 – 0 + 0) = 4  sp3
2
8. Answer (1)
ClO 2
1
VSEP = (V + M –C + A)
2
1
= (7 + 0 – 0 + 1)
2
8
= 4
2
 sp3
9. Answer (1)

NH 3 +H   NH 4
sp 3 sp 3
[V.S.E.P.R. Theory]
10. Answer (1)
F I
Cl F I Xe
O O
F I O
3 3 3
spd spd sp
T-Shaped Linear Pyramidal
11. Answer (1)
NH3  HCl  NH4 Cl 
When NH3 converts into NH4 number of lone pair decreases, hence, bond angle increases.
12. Answer (4)

All are sp2 hybridized with 120° bond angle.
13. Answer (2)
CIF3 is T-shaped.
14. Answer (4)
P
is pyramidal with one lone and three bond pairs.
F F F
15. Answer (1)
Cl Cl
Cl–P–Cl
|
Cl
Since P-has 5e– in its outermost shell and is forming 5 bonds hence all the 5e– are consumed and no lone
pair will remain.
16. Answer (2)
NH +4 = 7 + 4 – 1 = 10e–
BH 4– = 5 + 4 + 1= 10e–
Both have same number of electrons and same total number of atoms, hence, isostructural.
17. Answer (3)
F
O F F
Xe F Xe F
F O F F3
3 2 3
sp d sp d
Square planar Distorted octahedral
18. Answer (1)
CN– = 6 + 7 + 1 = 14
CO = 6 + 8 = 14
Both have same number of electrons and same number of atoms.
19. Answer (1)
CO2 = 6 + 2 × 8 = 22
NO 2 = 7 + 8 × 2 – 1= 22
Both have same number of atoms and electrons, hence, isostructural.

20. Answer (1)
O
P greatest
F
F F
More electronegative substituent
21. Answer (4)
O N C
and are Isoelectronic
H H H H H H H H H
22. Answer (3)
I3 , BP = 2 , LP = 3  Total no. of hybridized orbital = 5
(5, 2, 3) linear
XeF2, BP = 2, LP = 3  Total no. of hybridized orbital = 5
(5, 2, 3) linear

SO2 , O  S  O , BP = 2 , LP = 1 Total no. of hybridized orbital = 3
(3, 2, 1) sp2 bent or V shaped or angular

CHC–CCH linear
[Dipole Moment and Fajan’s Rule]
23. Answer (1)
 
O C O
Linear molecule with two equal and opposite dipoles.

24. Answer (1)
BF3 has sp2 hybridization hence 3 dipole moment vectors of equal magnitude are at 120° from each other. Hence
=0
120° 120°
120°
P P
=0
25. Answer (1)
Cl
|
CCl4 ; C
Cl | Cl
Cl
All atoms in surrounding are same and no lone pairs present on central atom.
Hence  = 0
26. Answer (4)
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
I II
III
II < I < III (increasing order of Bond angle)
1


III < I < II ( Increasing order of dipole moment ).
27. Answer (1)
Cl Cl
compound s not planar while is planar.
Cl Cl
28. Answer (4)

BF3 ,  = 0
NH3 has greater dipole moment than NF3 hence order is
BF3 < NF3 < NH3
29. Answer (4)
Cl– is common hence larger the cation more will be the ionic character (Fajan’s rule). Hence, CsCl will have
highest ionic character.
30. Answer (1)
Smaller the cation and larger the anion, higher is polarization.
[M.O.T. and H-bonding]
31. Answer (4)
O 22 has zero unpaired electrons.
32. Answer (2)

O2 is paramagnetic because it contains unpaired electrons. N2 does not have unpaired electrons hence it is
diamagnetic.
33. Answer (3)
KO 2  K   O 2
AlO 2  Al 3  O 22
BaO 2  Ba 2  O 22

NO 2 ONO
Species Bond order No. of unpaired electron
3
O 2 1
2
O 22 1 0
Only KO2 has unpaired electrons.

34. Answer (4)
O  KO  H O  Na O

2 2 2 2 2 2

 Increasing O—O bond length
35. Answer (2)
Compound Bond order

NO 2.5
NO 3
3
NO2
2
4
NO3
3
1
Bond length 
Bond order
36. Answer (3)
CO  CO 
Bond length
1.128 Å 1.115 Å
37. Answer (1)

Difference of electronegativity is maximum between H and F in H bonding.
 It will form strongest H-Bond.
38. Answer (1)
C
O Intramolecular
H Hydrogen bonding
O
39. Answer (2)
Due to H-bonding, boiling point and solubility in water increases.
40. Answer (40)
N2  u = 10
O2  v = 10
CN–  w = 10
NO+  x = 10
41. Answer (33)
P : PF5
Q : SF6
a = 15
b = 18
42. Answer (00)
3
H sp
C
Cl Cl
Cl
43. Answer (06)

NH 2 NH2 Cl
Polar molecules are , , , , XeO3 ,

N O
NO 2 H OH
44. Answer (09)
(a), (b), (c) Non-bonding
(d) Bonding molecular  orbital
(e), (f)  Antibonding * molecular orbital
X=3
Y=2
Z=1
V=1
W=2
3 + 2 + 1 + (1)2 + 2 = 9
45. Answer (25)
Statements (i), (iii), (v), (vi) and (vii) are correct.
Cl Cl
= Dipole moment
Cl
PCl5 (s)  PCl4  PCl6
PBr5 (s)  PBr4  Br 


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Level-I

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

It contains 10 sigma (σ) bonds and 3 pi (π) bonds.

6. This is due to large size of Cl–atom.

7. p-nitrophenol has higher boiling point due to intermolecular H-bonding.

Short Answer Type Questions :

180° O 132° O O 115° O

14. The given structure is

C1 (sp3) ; C2 (sp3) ; C3 (sp2) ; C4 (sp3) ; C5 (sp) ; C6 (sp)

(ii) Decreasing order of s-character is C5 > C3 > C2.

(ii) NH+4 (109°.28′) > NH3 (107°) > NH2− (≈ 105°).

In anhydrous BF4–, boron atom is sp3 hybridised, so it is tetrahedral.

25. The Lewis dot structure of OF2 is

Bond length NO+2 < NO–2 < NO–3

Peroxide ion, O22 −

O22 − : K K (σ 2s )2 (σ * 2s )2 (σ 2pz )2 (π 2py )2 (π 2px )2 (π * 2py )2 (π * 2px )2

Superoxide ion, O2−

O2− : K K (σ 2s )2 (σ * 2s )2 (σ 2pz )2 (π 2py )2 (π 2px )2 (π * 2py )2 (π * 2px )1

Long Answer Type Questions :

31. ClO4− ion is resonance hybrid of the following structures:

P atom has five bond pairs Trigonal bipyramidal geometry

Br atom has 5 bond pairs and 1 lone Square pyramidal shape

O2 : K K (σ 2s )2 (σ* 2s )2 (σ 2pz )2 (π 2px )2 (π 2py )2 (π * 2px )1(π * 2py )1

O2 + : K K (σ 2s )2 (σ* 2s )2 (σ 2pz )2 (π 2px )2 (π 2py )2 (π * 2px )1

O2 – : K K (σ 2s )2 (σ* 2s )2 (σ 2pz )2 (π 2px )2 (π 2py )2 (π * 2px )2 (π * 2py )1

Thus, increasing order of O–O bond length is

KO2 > O2(AsF6) > O2.

37. The Lewis structure of SF4 is :

The Lewis structure of PbCl2 is :

Nitrogen is surrounded by four bonded pairs. The shape is thus tetrahedral.

Phosphorus has an expanded octet and tatal 10 electrons.

Iodine is not obeying the octet rule. It has total 14 electrons.

μ = charge (q) × distance of separation (r)

where C is coulomb and m is metre.

(ii) CCl4 : Tetrahedral in shape. The Lewis diagram is

The net dipole moment is zero. So, the molecule is non-polar.

The net dipole moment is zero. So, the molecule is non-polar.

42. Molecule Structure bonds Sigma pi

(ii) CH2Cl2 H–C–Cl 4 0

(iii) H3C–CH = CH–C ≡ CH H–C–C = C–C ≡ C–H 10 3

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

[Lewis Structure and Type of Bond]

KCN has ionic and covalent bonds.

[V.B.T. and Hybridisation]

Both S and P are sp3 hybridized in SO 24 and PO 34 respectively.

Both SO 24 and BF4 have sp3 hybridization.

11. Answer (1)

NH3  HCl  NH4 Cl 

12. Answer (4)

15. Answer (1)

18. Answer (1)

Both have same number of electrons and same number of atoms.

19. Answer (1)

Both have same number of atoms and electrons, hence, isostructural.

21. Answer (4)

I3 , BP = 2 , LP = 3  Total no. of hybridized orbital = 5

(3, 2, 1) sp2 bent or V shaped or angular

Linear molecule with two equal and opposite dipoles.

III < I < II ( Increasing order of dipole moment ).

27. Answer (1)

compound s not planar while is planar.

28. Answer (4)

O 22 has zero unpaired electrons.