PREPARATION OF OF IODOFORM FROM ETHYL ALCOHOL

AIM: To synthesize and submit iodoform from Ethyl alcohol.

CHEMICALS APPARATUS
Alcohol – 30 ml Conical flask,
10% NaOH solution – 30 ml Measuring cylinder
Iodine solution – q.s Glass rod, Thermometer, Funnel

Principle:

IUPAC Name: Triiodomehane

Synonyms: Iodoform

Chemical Formula: CHI3

Molecular Weight: 393.73 g/mol

Structure:

IODOFORM

Explanation:

Many substances containing either acetyl or ketone group on treating with KI and NaOH yield
Iodoform and its formation is used as test for identifying these groups. Examples for acetyl
groups are ethanol, isopropyl alcohol etc. The compounds which contain ketone group are
acetone, Pyruvic acid etc. It is synthesized by Haloform Reaction, where a Haloform (CHX3,
where X is a halogen) is produced by the exhaustive Halogenation of any of the following 4
groups.

• Methyl ketone: CH3COR,

• Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO),

• Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)

• secondary alcohols (CH3CHROH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group). Any one of these four
kinds of organic compounds gives Haloform reaction with iodine and sodium hydroxide.
Reaction:

Preparation of iodoform

(i) Dissolve 5 g of iodine in 5 ml propane or ethanol in a 100 ml conical flask or round bottomed
(R.B.) flask.

(ii) Add 5% NaOH solution in small portions while continuously shaking the flask. Cool the
flask from time to time under tap water. The addition of NaOH solution is further continued till
the brown colour of iodine just disappears.

(iii) Allow the flask to stand for 5-10 minutes.

(iv) Decant off the clear supernatant liquid.

(v) Filter the iodoform, wash with little cold water and then dry on a filter paper.

Crystallization of iodoform

(i) Place the crude iodoform in a 100 ml conical flask.

(ii) Add small amount of rectified spirit and heat it on a water bath.

(iii) Add more rectified spirit slowly till the iodoform dissolves.

(iv) Filter the solution quickly through a fluted filter paper into a beaker.

(v) Cool the solution in ice. The iodoform will crystallize rapidly.

(vi) Filter the crystals on a Buchner funnel, dry the crystals between the ibids of the filter paper.

Iodine Solution: Dissolve 2 gm of Iodine and 3 gm of KI in water to produce 100ml.

KI+I2→ KI3

Uses:

1. Used as an antiseptic.

2. Used as a disinfectant
Result: Iodoform was synthesized from Iodine and ethyl alcohol, the percentage yield was found
to be ________ %