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thought upadhyay and gaya pandey pdf

It looks like you're offline. Advanced search Authority search Recent comments Tag cloud @inproceedings{Upadhyay1993HistoryOA, title={History of Anthropological Thought}, author={Vijay Shankar Upadhyay and Gaya Pandey}, year={1993} } We investigate whether aversion to competing against members of the ethnically dominant group
could be a contributing factor to the persistent disadvantageous socioeconomic position of ethnic… View 1 excerpt, cites backgroundThe study found that programme managers, frontline TB workers, NGOs, and private practitioners all had a crucial role to play in TB partnerships, and demonstrated that applying social theory can enable a better
understanding of the complex relationship across public, private and NGO sectors.View 1 excerpt, cites backgroundCulture is a total way of life of the people of a society, including their customs, institutions, beliefs and values. It functions as a binding force, holding people together by common attitudes,… Overview about Polyandry in India Draupadi
and her five husbands, the Pandavas. Top down, from left to right: the twins Nakula and Sahadeva stand either side of the throne on which Yudhishthira and Draupadi sit between Bhima and Arjuna. Part of a series on theAnthropology of kinship Basic concepts Family Lineage Affinity Consanguinity Marriage Incest taboo Endogamy Exogamy Moiety
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Polyandry in Tibet / in India Feminist Chambri Mosuo Sexuality Coming of Age in Samoa Major theorists Diane Bell Tom Boellstorff Jack Goody Gilbert Herdt Don Kulick Roger Lancaster Louise Lamphere Eleanor Leacock Claude Lévi-Strauss Bronisław Malinowski Margaret Mead Henrietta Moore Lewis H. Morgan Stephen O. Murray Michelle
Rosaldo Gayle Rubin David M. Schneider Marilyn Strathern Related articles Alliance theory Matrilineal / matrilocal societies Feminist anthropology Sex and Repression in Savage Society Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship "The Traffic in Women" Social anthropologyCultural anthropologyvte Polyandry in India refers to the practice of polyandry,
whereby a woman has two or more husbands at the same time, either historically on the Indian subcontinent or currently in the country of India. An early example can be found in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, in which Draupadi, daughter of the king of Panchala, is married to five brothers.[1] Polyandry was mainly prevalent in the Kinnaur Region, a
part of Himachal in India which is close to the Tibet or currently the Indo-China border. As mentioned in the epic Mahabharata, the Pandavas were banished from their kingdom for thirteen years and they spent the last year hiding in this hilly terrain of Kinnaur. Some Kinaauris claim that this practice has been inherited from the Pandavas, who they
identify as their ancestors[citation needed]. The Garhwali people similarly identify their practice of polyandry with their descent from the Pandavas. Polyandry is also seen in South India among the Todas tribes of Nilgiris, Nanjanad Vellala of Travancore.[2] While polyandrous unions have disappeared from the traditions of many of the groups and
tribes, it is still practiced by some Paharis, especially in the Jaunsar-Bawar region in Northern India. Recent years have seen the rise in fraternal polyandry in the agrarian societies in Malwa region of Punjab to avoid division of farming land.[3] Legal developments Section 494 and 495 of the Indian Penal Code of 1860, prohibited polygamy for the
Christians. In 1955, the Hindu Marriage Act was drafted, which prohibited marriage of a Hindu whose spouse was still living. Thus polygamy became illegal in India in 1956.[4] Kinnaur This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
(December 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Polyandry is in practice in many villages of Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. Fraternal polyandry (where husbands are related to each other) is mainly in practice in villages, where the societies are male dominated and which still follow ancient rituals and customs. There
are many forms of polyandry which can be found here. Most often, all the brothers are married to a woman and sometimes the marriage to brothers happens at a later date.

The wife can only ascertain the blood-relationship of the children, though recently there have been a few instances of paternity tests using DNA samples to resolve inheritance disputes. The rules for breaking the marriage are strict and a brother going against the marriage agreement can be treated as an outcast while losing his entire share in the
property.[5] The territory of Kinnaur remained forbidden for many years as the land route was only established 30 years ago.

The joint families are now fragmented into nuclear families. The level of economies and financial resources have transformed the life of the people of Kinnaur into city.[6][clarification needed] Toda Photograph of two Toda men and a woman. Nilgiri Hills, 1871. Todas are tribal people residing in the Nilgiri hills (Tamil Nadu) in South India who for
several centuries practiced polyandry.[7] They practiced a form of polyandrous relationship which is considered to be a classic example of polyandry. They practiced both fraternal and sequential polyandry. The males who shared one or two wives were not always full or half-brothers.[8] A Toda woman when married was automatically married to her
husband's brothers.[9] When the wife became pregnant, one husband would ceremonially give a bow and arrow to the wife, and would be the father of that child.
When the next child arrived, same husband who performed that ceremony continues to be called father even though child is not biologically related to him, unless another husband would perform the ceremony and become the father.[10][clarification needed] Kerala Polyandry and polygamy were prevalent in Kerala till the late 19th century and
isolated cases were reported until the mid-20th century. Castes practicing polyandry were Nairs, Thiyyas[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In the case of Nairs and other related castes, a man's property is inherited by his sister's children and not his own.[19] Under Nair polyandry, the only conceivable blood-relationship could be ascertained through
females.[20] However, polyandry among Nairs is a contested issue with opinion divided between ones who support its existence[21][22] and ones who do not support it based on the fact that no stable relationship is formed in Nair polyandry.[23] Ezhavas of Kerala also practised polyandry. The custom of fraternal polyandry was common among
Thiyyas of Malabar. According to Cyriac Pullipally, some female members of the Thiyya community associated with English men as their concubines.[24] Punjab and Haryana In certain areas of Punjab, especially the Bathinda and Mansa districts of Malwa region, poor farmers follow the practice of polyandry under economic compulsion to avoid
further fragmentation of their already small landholdings. A study conducted in 2019 by Panjab University found evidence of polyandry in Haryana and Punjab. The study culminated in the book Gender Culture and Honour and found cases of wife sharing in the districts of Yamunanagar in Haryana and Mansa and Fatehgarh Sahib of Punjab.[25]
Jaunsar-Bawar Polyandry was practised in Jaunsar-Bawar in Uttarakhand.[26] A distinct group of people called Paharis live in the lower ranges of Himalayas in Northern India from southeastern Kashmir all the way through Nepal. Polyandry has been reported among these people in many districts but studied in great detail in Jaunsar-Bawar. It is a
region in Dehradun district in Uttarakhand. The practice is believed to have descended from their ancestors who had earlier settled down in the plains from Himalayas.[27] Polyandrous union occurs in this region when a woman marries the eldest son in a family. The woman automatically becomes the wife of all his brothers upon her marriage.
The brothers can be married to more than one woman if the first woman was sterile or if the age difference of the brothers were large. The wife is shared equally by all brothers and no one in the group has exclusive privilege to the wife. The woman considers all the men in the group her husband and the children recognise them all as their father.[28]
[29] Other tribal peoples Polyandry Fraternal polyandry exists among the Khasa of Dehradun; the Mala Madessar, the Mavilan, etc. of Kerala. Non-fraternal polyandry exists among the Kota; and among the Karvazhi, Pulaya, Muthuvan, and Mannan in Kerala. In the 1911 Census of India, E.A. Gait mentions polyandry of the Tibetans, Bhotias, Kanets of
Kulu valley, people of state of Bashahr, Thakkars and Megs of Kashmir, Gonds of Central Provinces, Todas and Kurumbas of Nilgiris, Kallars of Madurai, Tolkolans of Malabar, Ezhavas, Kaniyans and Kammalans of Cochin, Muduvas of Travancore and of Nairs.[30][31] See also India portalSociety portal Polygamy in India References ^ Samuelson,
James (1890). India, Past and Present, Historical, Social, and Political. London: Trübner & Co. pp. 18, 20, 46, 47. Retrieved 6 September 2018 – via Internet Archive. ^ Lakshmi Raghunandan. At the Turn of the Tide: The Life and Times of Maharani Setu Lakshmi Bayi, the Last Queen of Travancore, 1995. p. 185. ^ "Draupadis bloom in rural Punjab"
The Times of India. 16 July 2005. ^ Modern Indian Family Law, Werner Menski, Routledge, 2013 p.194 ^ Negi, Sunder Kala; Singh, Hoshiar (2014). "Marital Satisfaction and Well Being among Fraternal Polyandrous and Monogamous Tribal People of Kinnaur". Irc's International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Social & Management Sciences.

2 (4): 47–57. ^ Gautam, Rajesh K; Kshatriya, Gautam K (2011). "Polyandry: A Case Study of Kinnauras". Indian Journal of Physical Anthropology. 30 (1–2): 146–161. ^ Anthony R Walker (28 February – 12 March 2004). "The truth about the Todas". Frontline. Vol. 21, no. 5. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit
URL (link) ^ Austin L.
Hughes (14 July 1988).
Evolution and Human Kinship.

OUP USA. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-19-505234-3. ^ Bron B. Ingoldsby and Suzanna D. Smith (7 September 2005). Families in Global and Multicultural Perspective. Sage Publications, Inc. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-7619-2819-5. ^ The Todas by William Halse Rivers Rivers. ^ Gough, E.
Kathleen (1961). "Nayars: Central Kerala". In Schneider, David Murray; Gough, E. Kathleen (eds.).
Matrilineal Kinship. University of California Press. p. 412. ISBN 978-0-520-02529-5. ^ Hardgrave, Robert L. The Nadars of Tamilnad. University of California Press.
^ A Study of Polyandry – Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark (1963) The Hague: Moulton. Open Library ID OL15135517M.
p. 159. ^ Polyandry in India: Demographic, economic, social, religious, and psychological concomitants of plural marriages in women - Manis Kumar Raha and Palash Chandra Coomar (1987) Gian Pub.
House.
ISBN 81-212-0105-5. p. 432. ^ Singh, Sarva Daman (1988). Polyandry in Ancient India. ISBN 9788120804876. ^ 074531693 ^ Smith, Bardwell L. (1976). Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia. ISBN 9004045104. ^ Mann, Rann Singh (1996). Aspects of Indian Social Anthropology. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-7022-586-7. ^ The
imperial gazetteer of India by William Wilson Hunter. ^ H.
W. H. (12 February 1886). "Primitive Marriage". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 7 (158): 147–149.
doi:10.1126/science.ns-7.158S.147. JSTOR 1760231. PMID 17759687. ^ A. Aiyappan (March 1932).
"Nayar Polyandry".
Man. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 32: 78–79.
JSTOR 2790087. ^ L. K. Ananthakrishna Iyer (November 1932). "Nayar Polyandry". Man. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 32: 269–270. JSTOR 2790609. ^ Opler, Marvin K. (September 1943). "Woman's Social Status and the Forms of Marriage". American Journal of Sociology. University of Chicago Press. 49 (2): 125–148.
doi:10.1086/219347. JSTOR 2770359. S2CID 143509766. ^ Smith, Bardwell L.
(1976). Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia. BRILL. p. 34. ISBN 978-90-04-04510-1. ^ "Modern Draupadis exist in Mansa villages". The Times of India. ^ "The mystique of the mountains". Frontline. November–December 2003. Archived from the original on 11 November 2006.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) ^ Miriam Koktvedgaard
Zeitzen (5 August 2008). Polygamy: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Berg Publishers. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-84520-221-7. ^ Berreman, Gerald D. (1962). "Pahari Polyandry: A Comparison". American Anthropologist. 64 (1): 60–75. doi:10.1525/aa.1962.64.1.02a00070. ^ Berreman, Gerald D. (February 1975). "Himalayan Polyandry and the Domestic Cycle".
American Ethnologist. Blackwell Publishing, on behalf of the American Anthropological Association. 2 (1): 127–138. doi:10.1525/ae.1975.2.1.02a00070. JSTOR 643539. ^ Polyandry in Ancient India by Sarva Daman Singh ^ Madura, a Tourist's Guide. 1913.
ISBN 9788120607064. Further reading Manis Kumar Raha & Palash Chandra Coomar : Polyandry in India.
Gian Publishing House, Delhi, 1987. Retrieved from " Privacy Policy | Disclaimer