1

ADDITIONAL STATISTICAL INFORMATION AND

ZKPQ-50-CC QUESTIONNAIRE

A CROSS-CULTURAL SHORTENED FORM OF THE ZKPQ (ZKPQ-50-CC)

ADAPTED TO ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, AND SPANISH LANGUAGES
Anton Aluja1, Jérôme Rossier2, Luis F. García1, Alois Angleitner3, Michael Kuhlman4,
and Marvin Zuckerman4
1
University of Lleida (Spain)
2
University of Lausanne (Switzerland)
3
University of Bielefeld (Germany)
4
University of Delaware (United States)

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Anton Aluja,

Department of Pedagogy and Psychology,
Faculty of Education Science,
University of Lleida,
Complex de la Caparrella, s/n.
E - 25192 Lleida (Catalonia),
Spain
e-mail: aluja@pip.udl.es
 2

Table 1

Descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard Deviation, Skewness, and Kurtosis), alpha coefficients, t-tests and
effect size between calibration and validation sample
Calibration sample (N=2,322) Validation sample (N=2,299)
Items M SD S K α M SD α S K t p< ES
N-Anx 19 8.83 4.78 0.18 -0.88 0.85 8.79 4.78 0.86 0.18 -0.88 0.28 0.781 0.01
ImpSS 19 9.62 4.19 -0.06 -0.63 0.80 9.71 4.34 0.80 -0.09 -0.77 -0.71 0.477 -0.02
Act 17 7.63 3.70 -0.35 -0.48 0.76 7.77 3.62 0.77 -0.36 -0.48 -1.35 0.477 -0.04
Sy 17 9.48 3.76 0.20 -0.74 0.76 9.56 3.73 0.74 0.12 -0.67 -0.71 0.177 -0.02
Agg-Host 17 7.80 3.53 0.10 -0.59 0.74 7.69 3.58 0.75 0.12 -0.62 1.05 0.292 0.03
Inf 10 1.39 1.49 1.54 3.62 0.55 1.46 1.51 0.53 1.25 1.74 -1.65 0.100 -0.05

(a) Note: Neuroticism-Anxiety (N-Anx), Impulsive-Sensation Seeking (ImpSS), Activity (Act), Sociability (Sy),
Aggression-Hostility (Agg-Host), and Infrequency (Inf). ES: Effect size
 3
Table 2. Principal Components factorial matrix and Varimax rotation (calibration sample)

Items I II III IV V
1 ImpSS .06 .39 -.20 .14 -.01
2 N-Anx -.45 .12 -.05 .08 -.04
3 Agg-Host .07 .16 -.06 .04 .29
5 Act .02 -.12 .51 .10 -.02
6 ImpSS .03 -.40 .16 -.05 -.05
7 N-Anx .51 .06 -.23 .08 -.13
8 Agg-Host .16 .12 -.01 -.05 .49
9 Sy -.17 .23 .18 -.38 .16
11 Agg-Host .06 .12 -.13 -.11 .43
12 Sy .02 .11 .06 .46 .01
13 Act -.03 .11 .41 -.04 .07
14 ImpSS .05 .52 .07 .01 .14
15 N-Anx .45 .21 .05 .02 .11
16 Agg-Host -.02 -.12 .06 .12 -.27
17 Sy -.05 .18 -.01 .53 -.01
18 Act -.14 -.01 .39 .22 -.09
19 ImpSS -.06 .33 -.19 .13 -.02
20 N-Anx .33 -.05 .00 -.07 .17
21 Agg-Host -.16 -.12 .07 .05 -.42
22 Sy -.03 .14 .05 -.50 -.01
23 Act .29 .07 -.31 .11 .03
24 ImpSS -.10 .47 .10 -.13 .00
25 N-Anx .52 .02 .01 .09 .10
27 Sy -.08 .22 .15 -.18 .20
28 Act -.20 .15 .41 .05 -.03
29 ImpSS .01 -.42 .27 -.10 -.02
30 N-Anx .58 .00 -.02 .05 .18
31 Agg-Host -.04 .13 .09 -.02 -.35
33 Act .07 .07 .64 -.17 -.03
34 ImpSS -.01 .46 -.02 .02 -.04
35 N-Anx .59 -.09 -.01 .03 .05
36 Agg-Host .15 .06 .05 .00 .24
37 Sy -.09 -.16 -.04 .44 .01
38 Act -.05 .06 -.47 .10 .01
39 ImpSS -.14 .57 .13 -.08 .02
41 N-Anx .49 -.17 -.05 -.04 -.01
42 Agg-Host -.20 .06 .13 -.05 .48
43 Sy .28 -.17 -.09 .47 -.09
44 Act -.09 .03 -.63 .13 .01
45 ImpSS .04 .48 -.02 -.15 .09
46 N-Anx .55 -.03 -.05 -.02 .08
47 Agg-Host -.21 .00 .11 -.04 .45
48 Sy -.14 .29 .15 -.51 .10
49 Act .02 .14 -.19 -.08 .04
50 ImpSS .22 .34 -.05 .03 .07
51 N-Anx .56 .05 -.11 .08 -.11
53 Sy -.01 .38 -.09 -.25 .14
54 Act .23 .04 .37 -.01 .11
55 ImpSS -.03 .52 .00 -.11 .07
56 N-Anx .42 .02 -.03 -.01 .07
57 Agg-Host -.04 -.15 .16 .16 -.40
58 Sy .04 .01 -.03 -.13 -.01
59 Act -.14 .14 .37 -.04 -.07

Note: F-I: N-Anx; F-II:ImpSS; F:-III: Act; F-IV: Sy; F-V: Agg-Host.
 4
Table 2 (continues)

Items I II III IV V
60 ImpSS .01 .39 .19 -.05 .03
61 N-Anx .62 .01 -.23 .06 -.06
62 Agg-Host -.03 .21 .05 -.07 -.36
63 Sy .01 .18 -.02 .53 .01
64 Act -.05 .13 .38 .06 .04
65 ImpSS -.04 .43 .19 -.03 .03
66 N-Anx .55 -.08 .10 -.06 .06
67 Agg-Host .11 .11 .09 .02 .45
68 Sy .12 .01 .01 .58 .04
70 ImpSS -.02 .48 .06 -.20 .15
71 N-Anx .50 .07 -.13 -.09 -.05
72 Agg-Host .14 .10 .10 .05 .53
74 Act -.04 -.02 .56 .01 -.11
75 ImpSS -.14 .32 .20 .26 -.03
76 N-Anx .47 -.01 .02 .10 .10
77 Agg-Host .00 .04 .01 .07 .56
78 Sy -.17 .20 .18 -.53 .04
79 ImpSS .02 .46 -.01 -.09 .07
80 N-Anx .55 -.02 .00 .00 .07
82 Sy .24 .10 .12 -.29 .05
83 Act .12 .09 .68 -.15 -.05
84 ImpSS .10 .46 .14 -.02 .07
85 N-Anx -.48 .12 .04 .01 -.12
86 Agg-Host -.02 .03 .08 .01 -.52
87 Sy -.01 -.04 .10 .63 .03
88 Act .13 .01 -.32 -.08 -.01
89 ImpSS .05 .44 .12 -.03 .23
90 N-Anx .59 .06 .06 .16 .06
91 Agg-Host .14 .14 .05 .10 .44
92 Sy .06 .30 -.02 -.36 .09
94 Act -.16 .02 .46 -.12 -.06
95 ImpSS -.12 .38 .07 -.33 .14
96 N-Anx .46 .06 -.03 -.01 -.01
97 Agg-Host .07 .05 -.06 -.09 .49
98 Sy -.07 .24 .12 -.26 .08
99 Act .28 .06 .28 .01 .19
% variance 6.77 5.46 4.96 4.45 4.13

Note: F-I: N-Anx; F-II:ImpSS; F:-III: Act; F-IV: Sy; F-V: Agg-Host.
 5

Table 3

Standardized Regression Weights (SRW) for the five dimensions (validation sample)

N-Anx ImpSS Sy Agg-Host Act

Item SRW Item SRW Item SRW Item SRW Item SRW
25 0.51 14 0.46 12 -0.40 8 0.47 5 0.47
30 0.62 34 0.40 22 0.46 11 0.42 13 0.34
35 0.58 39 0.57 37 -0.33 21 -0.40 33 0.73
41 0.51 55 0.54 43 -0.50 31 -0.28 38 -0.39
46 0.55 60 0.42 48 0.55 42 0.31 44 -0.69
61 0.54 65 0.40 63 -0.32 67 0.44 59 0.32
66 0.50 70 0.55 68 -0.52 72 0.49 64 0.28
80 0.57 79 0.45 78 0.52 77 0.48 74 0.44
85 -0.50 84 0.44 87 -0.56 86 -0.42 83 0.78
90 0.52 95 0.45 92 0.37 97 0.50 94 0.30

Note: Neuroticism-Anxiety (N-Anx), Impulsive-Sensation Seeking (ImpSS), Activity (Act),

Sociability (Sy), Aggression-Hostility (Agg-Host).

Table 4

Fit indices of the ZKPQ 80-item, and the ZKPQ 50-item models (validation sample)
Model (a) χ2 d.f. χ2/d.f(b) GFI AGFI NFI TLI CFI RMSEA LO HI ECVI

Null model 80-items 42594.57 3160 13.48 0.48 0.47 -- -- -- 0.074 0.073 0.074 18.16
Null model 50-items 21545.27 1225 17.59 0.58 0.56 -- -- -- 0.085 0.084 0.086 9.42
Orthogonal

ZKPQ-80-items 18645.14 3080 6.03 0.78 0.77 0.56 0.60 0.60 0.047 0.046 0.048 8.25
ZKPQ-50-items 6323.87 1175 5.30 0.89 0.88 0.71 0.74 0.75 0.043 0.042 0.044 2.79
Oblique

ZKPQ-80-items 18079.87 3070 5.89 0.79 0.78 0.58 0.61 0.62 0.046 0.045 0.047 8.19
ZKPQ-50-items 5664.66 1165 4.86 0.90 0.89 0.74 0.77 0.78 0.040 0.040 0.042 2.56

(a) χ2: Chi-Square. d.f.: Degrees of Freedom. GFI: Goodness of Fit Index. AGFI: Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index. NFI: Normed Fit Index. TLI:
Tucker Lewis Index. CFI: Comparative Fit Index. RMSEA: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation. The LO and HI columns contain the
lower and upper limit of a 90% confidence interval on the population value of RMSEA. ECVI: Expected Cross-Validation Index.
(b) The associated p values were always lower than .0001.
 6

Table 5

Fit indexes of each dimension in the ZKPQ 50-item version (validation sample)

Model (a) χ2 d.f. χ2/d.f(b) GFI AGFI NFI TLI CFI RMSEA ECVI

N-Anx 265.99 35 7.60 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.05 0.13
ImpSS 257.09 35 7.35 0.98 0.96 0.91 0.90 0.92 0.05 0.13
Act 427.23 35 12.20 0.96 0.94 0.90 0.88 0.90 0.07 0.24
Sy 703.96 35 20.11 0.93 0.89 0.78 0.73 0.79 0.09 0.32
Agg-Host 194.76 35 5.56 0.98 0.97 0.91 0.90 0.93 0.04 0.10

(a) χ2 : Chi Square. d.f.: Degrees of Freedom. GFI: Goodness of Fit Index. AGFI: Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index.
NFI: Normed Fit Index. TLI: Tucker Lewis Index. CFI: Comparative Fit Index. RMSEA: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation.
ECVI: Expected Cross-Validation Index.
(b) The associated p values were always lower than .0001.

Table 6

Descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard deviation, Skewness, and Kurtosis) and alphas by country,
and correlations with the age variable

Age (a,b)
M S.D. S K Alpha r p
America N-Anx 5.16 2.50 -.03 -1.11 0.80 -- --
(N=2.378) ImpSS 5.94 2.16 -.28 -.68 0.72 -- --
Act 4.15 2.60 .31 -.82 0.74 -- --
Sy 6.46 2.53 -.62 -.35 0.74 -- --
Agg-Host 5.47 2.56 -.11 -.83 0.72 -- --
Germany N-Anx 4.77 2.52 .11 -1.15 0.82 -.14***
(N = 517) ImpSS 4.19 2.24 .28 -.62 0.73 -.19***
Act 4.81 2.77 .11 -.97 0.74 -.09*
Sy 5.28 2.34 -.35 -.83 0.67 -.13**
Agg-Host 4.79 2.30 .23 -.64 0.60 -.12**
Spain N-Anx 4.18 2.23 .51 -.73 0.79 -.16***
(N = 962) ImpSS 5.27 2.35 -.29 -.80 0.73 -.14***
Act 4.89 2.84 -.04 -1.10 0.79 -.03
Sy 6.51 2.49 -.60 -.42 0.74 -.12***
Agg-Host 4.86 2.42 .10 -.75 0.66 -.07*
Switzerland N-Anx 4.87 2.62 .18 -1.08 0.83 -.11**
(N = 764) ImpSS 5.38 2.33 -.16 -.79 0.74 -.08*
Act 3.76 2.60 .44 -.75 0.76 -.01
Sy 5.67 2.42 -.89 -.69 0.71 -.08*
Agg-Host 4.72 2.44 .06 -.82 0.68 -.03

(a) Correlations with age can not be computed for the American sample.
(b) * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p > 0.001

Note: Underlined effect sizes correspond to non-signifcant differences between the two countries being compared.
 7
Table 7 - Factor loadings and percentage of variance accounted for by the factors by country, and factor congruence coefficients between countries.
F-I: N-Anx; F-II: ImpSS; F-III: Act; F-IV: Sy; F-V: Agg-Host.
America Germany Spain Switzerland Factor Congruence Coefficients between countries
Item F-I ( F-II F-III F-IV F-V F-I F-II F-III F-IV F-V F-I F-II F-III F-IV F-V F-I F-II F-III F-IV F-V SP-SW SP-AM SP-GE SW-AM SW-GE AM-GE
a 25 .51 .08 .05 .11 .11 .62 .06 .04 .17 .04 .55 .13 .05 .05 .03 .60 .02 .06 .09 .17 .96 .98 .98 .99 .95 .97
) 3035
.67
.66
.01
-.07
.00
.01
.09
.02
.15
-.02
.39
.56
-.09
-.07
.02
.01
-.01
.03
.56
.35
.61
.63
.13
-.08
-.09
.02
.08
-.03
.08
.11
.66
.61
.04
-.06
-.01
.00
.08
-.03
.11 .98
.09 1
.97
.98
.68
.94
.99
.99
.72
.92
.78
.87
41 .50 -.19 -.02 -.09 -.04 .64 -.15 -.05 -.09 .06 .65 -.08 -.07 -.08 .02 .59 -.21 -.08 .02 .04 .96 .96 1 .97 .98 .98
F 4661
.57
.62
-.03
-.03
-.02
-.15
-.02
.08
.04
-.07
.59
.58
.04
-.15
.03
-.18
.01
.19
.24
.05
.61
.59
.06
-.12
-.02
-.14
-.01
.06
-.01
-.06
.66
.64
-.02
-.02
-.05
-.16
-.04
.09
.08 .98
-.04 .99
.98
.99
.95
.97
1
1
.95
.96
.95
.96
- 66 .60 -.07 .02 -.05 .02 .66 .02 .02 .02 .07 .42 .01 .06 .03 .11 .58 -.14 .09 -.03 .15 .95 .94 .96 .97 .92 .97
I 80 .62 .02 -.04 .00 .02 .62 .06 -.15 -.07 .13 .59 .07 .01 .04 .04 .62 .03 -.01 .05 .05 .99 .99 .95 1 .95 .97
85 -.56 .15 .00 .01 -.11 -.50 .00 .13 .13 -.03 -.46 .11 .07 .04 -.27 -.58 .19 -.03 .05 -.16 .94 .94 .83 .99 .85 .89
: 90 .57 .06 .01 .24 .07 .70 -.01 -.06 .10 .01 .64 .13 .03 .09 .09 .57 .12 -.12 .20 -.01 .94 .97 .95 .96 .97 .95
14 -.04 .57 .02 -.02 .06 .13 .32 .08 -.12 .44 .16 .52 .07 -.11 .22 .10 .37 .06 .00 .36 .94 .88 .90 .76 .97 .64
N 3439
.01
-.14
.47
.57
-.14
.01
.06
-.09
-.03
-.03
-.01
-.18
.61
.59
-.04
.04
-.02
-.12
-.03
-.02
.00
-.06
.53
.67
-.08
.09
-.05
-.05
-.03
.06
-.01
-.16
.48
.62
-.10
.13
-.03
.10
-.08 .99
.00 .96
.97
.97
.99
.95
.97
.94
.98
.93
.96
.99
- 55 -.09 .50 -.01 -.03 .07 .08 .57 .11 -.03 -.08 -.07 .58 .02 .06 .09 -.05 .63 -.02 -.02 .04 .98 .98 .89 .99 .94 .89
A 6065
-.03
-.03
.48 .11
.16
.01
.00
.00
.03
-.10
-.10
.48 .04
.07
.11
-.11
.09
.00
.10
.02
.40 .17
.11
-.08
.00
-.06
.01
-.05
.06
.50 .22
.16
.04
-.14
.02 .92
-.04 .95
.93
.99
.76
.95
.98
.94
.93
.94
.95
.95
.49 .57 .58 .55
n 70 -.05 .52 .05 -.15 .14 -.01 .63 .04 -.15 .03 .00 .47 .03 -.11 .22 -.05 .62 .05 .00 .13 .95 .98 .92 .97 .96 .97
x 79 -.01 .51 .05 -.10 .09 .02 .43 .01 .01 .05 .00 .42 .01 -.05 .10 .02 .47 .06 -.13 -.02 .93 .99 .98 .97 .94 .97
84 .11 .47 .04 -.06 .13 .11 .43 .10 .11 .06 .12 .57 .03 -.13 .03 -.03 .55 .12 -.03 .04 .95 .98 .89 .94 .92 .91
; 95 -.13 .48 .06 -.27 .19 .00 .49 -.02 -.33 .04 -.03 .34 -.03 -.43 .05 -.11 .46 -.08 -.21 .21 .84 .87 .95 .97 .92 .93
5 .02 -.09 .56 .12 .00 -.08 -.09 .71 .05 -.07 .10 -.10 .56 .12 -.03 -.04 .00 .61 -.01 .09 .90 .99 .94 .94 .95 .97
F 1333
-.02
.06
.06
.09
.47
.70
-.01
-.16
.01
.00
-.12
-.02
.27
.08
.34
.67
.02
-.07
-.04
.17
-.05
-.05
.12
.08
.38
.73
.00
-.15
.12
-.01
-.17
.09
.22
.07
.44
.75
.00
-.10
.06 .95
-.04 .98
.94
.99
.85
.97
.90
.99
.96
.96
.84
.97
- 38 .02 .10 -.56 .01 -.03 -.01 .18 -.53 .08 -.01 -.05 .16 -.58 .09 -.01 -.01 .00 -.26 -.07 -.06 .88 .99 .99 .93 .83 .97
I 44 -.06 .03 -.69 .12 -.05 -.05 .06 -.75 .03 -.06 -.04 -.02 -.74 .14 .01 -.09 -.05 -.71 .13 -.06 .99 .99 .99 .99 .98 .99
59 -.20 .17 .33 .00 -.04 -.07 .20 .32 .08 -.11 -.17 .10 .55 .00 -.02 -.10 .15 .48 -.04 -.12 .97 .94 .90 .94 .95 .93
I 64 -.08 .14 .39 .06 .05 -.03 .16 .31 .07 -.03 .02 .19 .40 .14 .03 -.14 .20 .39 .06 .06 .92 .95 .95 .98 .94 .96
: 74 .03 .02 .53 .10 -.08 -.16 .11 .50 -.11 -.02 -.02 .07 .63 -.16 -.12 .02 -.01 .58 .03 -.03 .95 .93 .96 .98 .89 .84
83 .08 .02 .76 -.12 -.02 .08 .11 .71 .02 .10 -.01 .06 .76 -.09 -.03 .10 .13 .80 -.08 -.02 .99 .99 .98 .99 .99 .97
94 -.09 .13 .39 -.15 -.06 -.17 .11 .41 -.05 -.02 -.16 .13 .38 -.22 -.14 -.13 .01 .43 -.08 .03 .86 .98 .93 .92 .97 .96
A 12 -.01 .08 .09 -.55 -.02 -.10 .06 .11 -.44 -.04 -.01 .03 .07 -.54 .01 -.04 .04 .14 -.61 -.07 .99 1 .98 .99 .99 .98
c 2237
.00
-.09
.14
-.11
.02
-.09
.50
-.42
.02
-.01
-.02
-.08
.13
-.09
.11
-.05
..55
-.11
.07
.07
-.05
-.13
.13
-.06
.06
-.14
.50
-.43
-.06
-.06
-.03
-.04
.14
-.13
.04
-.09
.53
-.48
.02 .99
.00 .96
.99
.98
.97
.68
1
.99
.99
.77
.98
.80
t 43 .24 -.25 -.07 -.48 -.13 .06 -.32 .01 -.60 .04 .16 -.12 -.04 -.56 .07 .33 -.10 -.08 -.50 -.03 .95 .92 .95 .96 .87 .92
; 48 -.14 .30 .12 .48 .05 -.10 .40 .15 .50 .04 -.04 .32 .12 .51 .04 -.17 .29 .14 .45 -.01 .97 .99 .98 .99 .99 .99
63 .01 .18 -.06 -.52 .00 -.15 .24 -.13 -.58 .05 .02 .25 -.07 -.55 -.05 -.23 .18 .02 -.53 -.04 .89 .98 .93 .91 .94 .96
68 .09 .05 .00 -.60 .04 .16 .04 -.03 -.67 -.04 .10 .07 -.03 -.71 -.02 .08 -.01 .00 .62 -.01 .99 .99 .99 .99 .98 .98
F 78 -.11 .24 .13 .57 .04 -.07 .18 .06 .57 -.01 -.10 .24 .17 .48 -.07 -.12 .15 .16 -.54 -.09 .99 .99 .98 .97 .98 .99
87 .02 .02 .06 -.68 .01 .02 .07 .16 -.63 .00 .00 .04 .01 -.70 .11 .09 -.01 .09 .61 .04 .98 1 .98 .99 .98 .99
- 92 .02 .30 -.07 .41 .08 .00 .21 .06 .07 .22 .10 .20 .00 .36 .08 -.05 .25 .11 -.14 .03 .72 .97 .65 .77 .78 .63
I 8 .15 .10 .03 -.02 .58 .10 .07 .04 .14 .47 -.01 .11 -.15 -.08 .56 .12 .10 -.04 .00 .54 .94 .91 .78 .99 .93 .95
I 11 .05 .16 -.04 -.12 .42 .12 .05 -.14 -.12 .29 .04 .16 -.19 -.08 .56 .04 .01 .00 .07 .41 .88 .97 .93 .87 .77 .90
21 -.10 -.13 .04 -.06 -.45 -.26 .02 .00 -.11 -.36 -.29 -.08 .00 -.02 -.36 -.15 -.07 .03 -.09 -.46 .94 .89 .96 .98 .92 .85
I 31 -.09 .11 .08 .03 -.42 -.26 .07 .08 .11 -.17 -.21 .11 .09 .01 -.37 -.14 .05 .03 .03 -.37 .97 .96 .85 .97 .77 .67
: 42 -.19 .11 .09 -.05 .54 -.18 .14 .08 -.20 .33 -.20 .19 .14 -.06 .37 -.32 .07 .12 -.13 .43 .96 .95 .95 .95 .94 .91
67 .03 .07 .07 .04 .52 .21 .11 -.05 .11 .43 .04 .10 .08 .00 .48 .13 .03 -.05 -.03 .43 .92 .99 .85 .92 .91 .86
72 .11 .09 .11 .10 .55 .17 .03 .11 -.08 .60 .02 .05 .13 .05 .54 .19 -.07 .08 -.01 .58 .93 .97 .94 .93 .98 .94
( 77 .01 .08 -.01 .02 .60 .01 -.01 -.04 .10 .55 .04 .05 .07 .11 .51 -.01 .12 .11 .06 .54 .98 .98 .99 .97 .94 .98
86 .00 .06 .07 .07 -.55 -.03 .12 .11 .05 -.48 -.09 .01 .05 -.07 -.54 .02 .12 -.06 .04 -.60 .95 .97 .97 .97 .95 .98
a 97 -.04 .03 -.03 -.13 .58 .01 -.07 .06 -.06 .56 .26 .04 -.07 -.01 .47 -.04 .07 .03 -.12 .59 .84 .83 .87 .99 .95 .95
)% 7.65 6.48 6.58 6.32 5.90 8.11 6.92 6.62 6.19 5.66 7.67 6.84 7.56 6.84 5.32 8.73 6.77 7.15 5.53 5.77 .95 .96 .92 .96 .93 .92
 8
Appendix: Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire Cross-Cultural 50-item version
(ZKPQ-50-CC). © Zuckerman and Kuhlman, 1993.

Instructions: On this page you will find a series of statements that people might use to describe themselves. Read each
statement and decide whether or not it describes you. If you agree with a statement or decide that it describes you
answer TRUE, marking the letter T with a cross. If you disagree with a statement or feel that it is not descriptive of
you, answer FALSE, marking the letter F with a cross.

T = TRUE F = FALSE
(Mark the chosen letter with a cross)

Answer every statement either True (T) or False (F) even if you are not entirely sure of your answer.

Example: T F I have always told the truth.

Act 1 T F *5.-I do not like to waste time just sitting around and relaxing.
Agg-Host 2 T F 8.-I When I get mad, I say ugly things.
Agg-Host 3 T F 11.-It's natural for me to curse when I am mad.
Sy 4 T F 12.-I do not mind going out alone and usually prefer it to being out in a large group.
Act 5 T F 13.-I lead a busier life than most people.
ImpSS 6 T F 14.-I often do things on impulse.
Agg-Host 7 T F 21.-I almost never feel like I would like to hit someone.
Sy 8 T F 22.-I spend as much time with my friends as I can.
N-Anx 9 T F 25.-My body often feels all tightened up for no apparent reason.
N-Anx 10 T F 30.-I frequently get emotionally upset.
Agg-Host 11 T F 31.-If someone offends me, I just try not to think about it.
Act 12 T F 33.-I like to be doing things all of the time.
ImpSS 13 T F 34.-I would like to take off on a trip with no preplanned or definite routes or timetables.
N-Anx 14 T F 35.-I tend to be oversensitive and easily hurt by thoughtless remarks and actions of others.
Sy 15 T F 37.-I do not need a large number of casual friends.
Act 16 T F 38.-I can enjoy myself just lying around and not doing anything active.
ImpSS 17 T F 39.-I enjoy getting into new situations where you can't predict how things will turn out.
N-Anx 18 T F 41.-I am easily frightened.
Agg-Host 19 T F 42.-If people annoy me I do not hesitate to tell them so.
Sy 20 T F 43.-I tend to be uncomfortable at big parties.
Act 21 T F 44.-I do not feel the need to be doing things all of the time.
N-Anx 22 T F 46.-I sometimes feel panicky.
Sy 23 T F 48.-At parties, I enjoy mingling with many people whether I already know them or not.
ImpSS 24 T F 55.-I sometimes like to do things that are a little frightening.
Act 25 T F 59.-When on vacation I like to engage in active sports rather than just lie around.
ImpSS 26 T F 60.-I'll try anything once.
N-Anx 27 T F 61.-I often feel unsure of myself.
Sy 28 T F 63.-I would not mind being socially isolated in some place for some period of time.
Act 29 T F 64.- I like to wear myself out with hard work or exercise.
ImpSS 30 T F 65.-I would like the kind of life where one is on the move and travelling a lot, with lots of change and excitement.
N-Anx 31 T F 66.-I often worry about things that other people think are unimportant.
Agg-Host 32 T F 67.-When people disagree with me I cannot help getting into an argument with them.
Sy 33 T F 68.-Generally, I like to be alone so I can do things I want to do without social distractions.
ImpSS 34 T F 70.-I sometimes do "crazy" things just for fun.
Agg-Host 35 T F 72.-I have a very strong temper.
Act 36 T F 74.-I like to be active as soon as I wake up in the morning.
Agg-Host 37 T F 77.-I can't help being a little rude to people I do not like.
Sy 38 T F 78.-I am a very sociable person.
ImpSS 39 T F 79.-I prefer friends who are excitingly unpredictable.
N-Anx 40 T F 80.-I often feel like crying sometimes without a reason.
Act 41 T F 83.-I like to keep busy all the time.
ImpSS 42 T F 84.-I often get so carried away by new and exciting things and ideas that I never think of possible complications.
N-Anx 43 T F 85.-I don't let a lot of trivial things irritate me.
Agg-Host 44 T F 86.-I am always patient with others even when they are irritating.
Sy 45 T F 87.-I usually prefer to do things alone.
N-Anx 46 T F 90.-I often feel uncomfortable and ill at ease for no real reason.
Sy 47 T F 92.-I probably spend more time than I should socializing with friends.
Act 48 T F 94.-When I do things, I do them with lots of energy.
ImpSS 49 T F 95.-I like "wild" uninhibited parties.
Agg-Host 50 T F 97.-When people shout at me, I shout back.

*Corresponds to number on ZKPQ-III-R (full version). For example: Item 1 on the ZKPQ-50 is Item 5 on the ZKPQ-
III-R.