Experiment No.

01

Aim:
Find Sensors for
1. Smart home
2. Smart Agriculture
3. Smart Health care systems
4. Smart Parking
5. Smart Drones

Roll. No. : A082 Name: Shubham Kumar

Class: CSBS(4th year) Batch: 2
Date of Experiment: Date of Submission:
Grade:

Smart Home
1. Motion Sensors: Motion sensors, commonly referred to as occupancy sensors, detect
movement inside a defined area. These sensors are frequently utilised in security,
energy efficiency, and automation applications. When there is no motion detected
for a particular period of time, the device can do actions such as shutting off lights,
adjusting the thermostat, or activating security alerts.

2. Temperature Sensors: Temperature sensors monitor the temperature within and

outside the smart home device. They assist in the regulation of heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in order to maintain a comfortable environment.
Temperature data can also be used to anticipate the weather, control smart
thermostats, and ensure that particular appliances operate within safe temperature
ranges.

3. Light Sensors: Light sensors detect the amount of light in a room or surrounding
environment. They are also known as ambient light sensors or photoresistors. These
sensors are used by smart devices such as lighting systems and window coverings to
automatically adjust brightness or darkening based on natural light availability.
Additionally, light sensors can assist save energy by ensuring that lights are only
turned on when they are needed.

Smart Agriculture

1. Soil Moisture Sensor: This sensor measures the moisture content in the soil,
providing crucial information about soil water levels. By monitoring soil moisture,
farmers can optimize irrigation schedules, prevent overwatering, and ensure that
plants receive the right amount of water for their growth.

2. Crop Health Sensors: These sensors detect various indicators of crop health, such as
chlorophyll levels, leaf temperature, and canopy vigor. They help identify early signs
 of diseases, nutrient deficiencies, or pest infestations, enabling farmers to take timely
action to protect their crops.
3. Nutrient Sensors: Nutrient sensors measure the levels of essential nutrients (e.g.,
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) in the soil. This information assists farmers in
implementing precise and site-specific fertilization strategies, reducing wastage and
promoting better plant growth.

Smart HealthCare Systems

1. Heart Rate Sensor: Heart rate sensors, also known as heart rate monitors, measure
the user's heart rate in real-time. They can be integrated into wearables like
smartwatches or fitness bands, or even embedded into clothing or medical devices.
Monitoring heart rate helps detect abnormalities, assess fitness levels, and track
changes in cardiovascular health.

2. Blood Pressure Sensor: Blood pressure sensors are essential for monitoring a
patient's blood pressure. They can be non-invasive, such as wrist or arm cuffs, or
invasive, like arterial catheters. Continuous monitoring of blood pressure helps in
diagnosing hypertension, hypotension, and other cardiovascular conditions.

3. Glucose Sensor: Glucose sensors are used to measure blood sugar levels, especially
crucial for patients with diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems use
small, minimally invasive sensors placed under the skin to track glucose levels
throughout the day, providing valuable insights into a patient's glycaemic control.

Smart Parking
1. Ultrasonic Sensors: Ultrasonic sensors use sound waves to detect the presence of
vehicles in parking spaces. These sensors emit ultrasonic waves and measure the
time it takes for the waves to bounce back after hitting an object (such as a vehicle).
By analyzing the time delay, the sensor can determine if a parking spot is occupied or
vacant.

2. Infrared Sensors: Infrared (IR) sensors use infrared light to detect the presence of
vehicles. They work by emitting infrared radiation and measuring the reflection or
absence of the radiation from the surface of the vehicle or the ground. IR sensors are
commonly used for detecting vehicles entering or leaving parking spots.

3. Magnetic Sensors: Magnetic sensors can detect the presence of metal objects, such
as vehicles, by measuring changes in the magnetic field. They are often embedded in
the ground at parking spaces and can detect when a vehicle enters or leaves a spot
based on the disturbance in the magnetic field.
Smart Drones
1. Obstacle Avoidance Sensors: Obstacle avoidance sensors help drones detect and
navigate around obstacles in their flight path. These sensors can be in the form of
ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, or computer vision cameras. They work by
analysing the surroundings and alerting the drone's flight controller to adjust its
trajectory to avoid collisions.

2. Infrared Sensors: Infrared (IR) sensors use infrared light to detect the presence of
vehicles. They work by emitting infrared radiation and measuring the reflection or
absence of the radiation from the surface of the vehicle or the ground. IR sensors are
commonly used for detecting vehicles entering or leaving parking spots.

3. Magnetic Sensors: Magnetic sensors can detect the presence of metal objects, such
as vehicles, by measuring changes in the magnetic field. They are often embedded in
the ground at parking spaces and can detect when a vehicle enters or leaves a spot
based on the disturbance in the magnetic field.