OKZPBP

KRG[BZ :OKRK[B[IF
OBNSBF O[C OKECB\PF
OKECB\PF NTG ZGZJF KRGDZB NT O\TV[F
GRKPKC OKPNSGPF

YIXK QRGZ
1
QGZYKTF KV=NT F[TPN

F
-BNSBF FMNFC QDGTPF
-P'DKBF QGZYKT { \KP
FPMSF ZPGNM ,TB

F
KZGJSKF TYZ & FKNKTBPSBF \M KDNVP EIB N[ GKGRKM FKF QK[B[I \B \ CK K IP F ,\ KN NM
NC YN O KP NSG PF N NM
13=11=F \GBPC GHIBR FK[RB[ { OKZBHKRF { TCYR Q GZYKTF . F\GB
F\NTG FXX \KPNSGPF FETF \DFRF CKCS FKDGS G B X K O F P G , F K Z G S C G S Z V C O K K Z Z F O KZ X C P C BKCRF KZCE LPS=NT
BKCRF .632 \R[C EPIGP BKCRF N[ G\GP ZIBN EKP ,GGN IXZ F \GN GT V . KJKNGV ZGZ JG IXZ \GKGI KN[N BN ONG TN" :'\KEIC
ZCEFG [ZGK NT HKZMF[ BNC ONGTF QP YN\SF BGF KM FRGPB LG\P ,IXGZF N[ G\GECB\FC ,NNM=LZEC NNMN K\NKFY TKD\
1 YIXK ."\GTJC FPMSF
.ORGXZN OB\FC [ZGKF \B TGCYN OKPNSGPN I\V ZK\GF \XGCYN QK[B[IF GC[IR ,LMN KB .QET QDN SRMKFN EK\T -XZF ,ZKFXENGD FEGFK
OEKYV\N GRP\F ,(BKCRF OGYP KBNPP) OKVKN'IF \TCZB ONGTC FRG[BZF \RDZGBPF OKECB\PF OKIXGZF -[GZK) OBNSBF NT \GB
OFKZIB LB ,\GEIGKP \GKTC ZZGT BN OKGRKPG FPMSF LG\ OZJC KM ZGVKSF LPS NT OFN Q\KR OP[ .KPNSGPF ,YKNBKC ESGP :OKN
UKN'IF ,KNT N[ GRC ,QSINB 2.F[GZKF \KKTC FVKZIF OZM[N \RP NT ,[K[I \RP OFN FR\KR FNGTVN GBXK
KZKF SKZM ;46 ,(B"K[\
-NSB ,NKERKVG'X ZJKVG
(FPJBV G\CP) BKCRF N[ GR\IG GEGE QC FKF[ ,KTKCZF GTXKC OFC OKR[ \GBP [GN[ ZIBN .\GKHF OFC ZZGTNG :C KC B N \) ? GF P OB
JKN[ ,FKGBTGP \CGJN F[GZKF NT Z\KG ,661 \R[C IXZRG { \E K[RBG BCX K[RB ,OKKJKNGV OKDKFRPC { IXZ K[TP 'PT ,(B"R[\ ,USBKIB
FBP GNKI\F LM .USM OGMS GRPP NCKY[ ZIBN ,FKZGS .58
GNKBG ,1258 \R[C OKNGDRGPF KEKC SZVC :QK[B[IF GNSGI 2
G\GP ZIBN .\KPNSGPF FKZVPKBC FKPGB \KC QGJN[ \GR[ QBJNGSF KEK=NT ,1272 \R[C ,GECTG[ FKZGSC QK[B[IF :GKF OKVKN'IF \TCZB
FSKR ,680 \R[C QGJN[N EKH GRC \KKNT OT ,FKGBTGP N[ -GT ,(634=632) ZMC GCB
O KI XGZ M OF C [ P\[ F N L K[ PF [ ,S Z C KC KM GN PP F QBP'\GT ,(644=634) ZP
.KNT \KCN \GVKN'IF \B CK[FN ,KNT N[ KR[F GRC ,QKSGINB .GK\GZJPN OKZKM[ =656 ) KNTG (656 =644 )
,FRKEPNBP TKDF O[N ,YBZKTC[ FVGMNB KC[G\ EGEKTC ,\GCZ \GEDB GPYZR OCKCS ,QK[B[IF N[ OFK\GNGTV .(661
BCXF EDR \N[GM FMZTP 680 ZCGJYGBC QKSGINB NFKR ZG ZJ K RGDZBN KGYKIN NEGP OKR[F \XG ZPC GMVF ' IK ZB\ ,Z PB\ U ZBT 3

FPGKSC[ ,YBZKTC[ BNCZM ZKTC EKH N[ GEGYKVC KBPGBF -ENB { FKNKTBPSBNB

ZPBP .GNTV QFKV NTG OFK\GJK[ \B GXPKB[ ,OKPBNSB :QGERGN) FEKYTNBG FGT
KBXBXPG KNT \IV[PP OCGZ { GK[RBG BGF GICJR QGICN FSRPG QK[B[IF N[ O\GNKTV ZYKT \B ZYGS FH C \ M N N S K B Z N B 'W B KZ
3
.BKCRF .GRKPKC OKNTGVF OKPNSGPF OKECB\PF NT O\TV[F \B -BZ LZM ,(1991 ,Z[RNBG
OEGY F[CD\F[ ,\KJKNGVF FTGR\F FMNF ZXY QPH LG\ .111=107 'PT ,QG[
4
\KCP OKJKN[C FKPGB \KC KJKN[ \B UKNIFN FZJPC QMN C Z K S F T K [ F Q P DN V
FNNMPC QGMK\F IZHPF N[ FKZGJSKFN FXZP ,YIXK QRGZ Z"E -BCNB EPIGPC ZKMFN
GBZYR FC OKRKPBPFG) FTK[F ,\K\E FTGR\N FMVFG ,KNT ,KCZTF ONGTC OHKZJKNKPG ZGZJN FIPGP .KCZTP NKND \KPEYBF K[ KP I F O B PKB M ZY
KNT KBXBX ,BKCRF KBXBXC \GYCEF \B FPPGZ[ ,(OKTK[ GZVS .1948 \PINPG KCZTF QGKDNF NT OKZPBP ZVSP OSZKV EKH ZIB QCC LP\G
OBNSBF QP FYIZ\F GH FTGR\ .QINGV \DZEN ,FPJBVG 1948 \PINPG KCZTF QGKDNF ,FNNBECT :\GRKGT EXC \GV\G[
GKMPG\ . OBPKBM
\KEKHF \MF \B OKGGFP
QKTP F\GGKFG ,OKRG[ \GRGZYT FPXTN FNDKS ,KP[ZF SRDP N"K ["T OKZVSF \BXGFC CGZYC ZGBN \BXN EK\T ET QPK\C \JNG[F
N[ G\GP ZIBN .OKKYF KPNSGPF QGJN[N FKXKHGVGB .QGIJKCF EZ[P N[ ZGBN FBXGFFG .OGKF

8
-K[F \GGF\F NT OKJZV
-B\ ,ZPB\ :FBZ FT
,FKNKTBPSBNB 'IKZ
'PT ,QG[BZ LZM
Farhad Daftary, ;145=106
The Assassins Legends,
Myths of the Isma`ilis, Lon-
don: I.B.Tauris and Co.
Ltd. Publishers, 1994, pp.
.8-18
Farhad Daftary, ``Hasan-I
Sabbah and the Origins of
the Nizari Isma`ili Move-
ment'', Mediaeval Isma'ili
History and Thought, Cam-
bridge: Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, 1996, pp. 183-
.184
W.B. Bartlett, The Assas-
sins: The Story of Medieval
Islam's Secret Sect ,
Stroud: Sutton Publishing,
.2001, pp. 39- 40
Laurence Lockhart, ``Has-
san-i-Sabbah and the As-
sassins'', Bulletin of the
School of Oriental Studies,
Vol. 5, No. 4, 1930, p. 677;
Yoseph Hammer-Purystall,
The History of the Assas-
sins, New York: Franklin,
-GN EZRZC ;1968, p. 41
-KY \M :OK[K[IF ,SKB
,OBNSBC \KRGX
-VSF \BXGF :OKN[GZK
,SRDP N"K ["T OKZ
.39 ,S"[\
.41=40 'PT ,O[ 9
NT OKKVZDGVGJ OKJZV 10
-[Z QMG \GPBNB \EGXP
O K Z K K\ N [ Z G Y K C KP
Peter Willey, :FBZ O[
The Castles of the Assas-
sins, London: G.G. Harrap,
1963, pp. 204-226; Vladi-
mir Alekseevich Ivanov,
Alamut and Lamasar: Two
Mediaeval Ismaili Strong-
holds in Iran, Teheran:
Ismaili Society, 1960, pp.
1-11, 30-59; W. Ivanow,
``Alamut'', The Geographi-
cal Journal, Vol. 77, No. 1,
Jan. 1931, pp. 38-45; C.J.
Edmonds, ``A Visit to Ala-
mut in 1920'', The Geogra-
phical Journal, Vol. 77, No.
6, Jun. 1931, pp. 553-558;
B. Hourcade, ``Alamut'',
Encyclopaedia Iranica,
-GN ;Vol. 1, pp. 797-801
.41 'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKB
.43 'PT ,O[ 11
Daftary, ``Hasan-I Sabbah 12
and the Origins of the
Nizari Isma`ili Movement'',
NT OKJZV ;pp. 191-192
Freya : F B Z Z X C P F
Stark, ``The Assassin's
Castle of Lambesar'', The
9 OBNSBF O[C OKECB\PF KRG[BZ :OKRK[B[IF
5
[P\[FN [YC OFC ,CIZ OKRKPBP NFY SKKDN ,ZXY
GBZ[ ,SZVC OKYG'DNSF OKJKN[F .OKKJKNGV OK[YR\PM
SGV\N GIKNXF BN LB ,GKZIB UGEZN GNIF ,OGKB G\GNKTVC
9
.G\GB
NT FPZGT KMZEC IBCXNB QSI JN\[F 1090 \R[C
\KRGVX P"Y 40=M ,(Alborz) HZGCNB KZFC EEGCP ZXCP
\B FRPKS ZXCPF \SKV\ 10.\GPBNB ZXCP ,QZFJN
Q G J N [ F E D R \ K S Z V F \ K N K T B PS B F F M V F P F \ K [ B Z
6
,[EIF IGMF N[ G\KKNT \K[BZ \B FRKKXG KYG'DNSF
[PK[ EIB EXP :NGVM EKYV\ FKF ZXCPN .QK[B[IF BGF
EXF QPG G[VR K[YCP KRVP IBCXNB QSIN ZG\SP OGYP
CKIZFN NTV FRPP \KNNM FEYVP QKTP GN [PK[ ,ZIBF
\GPGYPC .FKZGSNG SZVC OKVSGR \GPGYPN GRGJN[ \B
\B IBCXNB QSI NKTVF ,OKC[G\F \GRTKFN FMH BN OFC
7 BGF .IGMC \GEGXPFG OKIJ[F \B [GCMN KEM GK[RB
BXP[ OGYP NMCG ,GIM GN EPT[ NMM OKZXCP NT JN\[F
G[CMR[ OKZXCPC[ CG[IF 11.ZXCP GKNT FRC OKB\P YGX
ZXCPM OD TGEKF) ZBSBPBN ZXCP FKF FVGY\ F\GBC
8 FINXFF ZYKTN 12.1096 \R[C [CMR[ (Lanbasar ZBSCRBN
ECNC GH BN .QJSKRDVB=SZV NGCDC IBCXNB QSI FMH
GSV\G FTNKTBPSBF \B OFKNT GNCKY OGYPF KC[G\[
EDR FKGND \GPPGY\F FNIF OD O[[ BNB ,OKZXCP ZVSP
.OKNKTBPSBF OKVKJPF N[ OEGEKTC ,KYG'DNSF QGJN[F
QKTP OKYFN FH ZGHBC QK[B[IF GIKNXF OKR[ ZVSP LG\
,\KRGSF \KYG'DNSF FRKEPF LG\C \KTK[ \KBPXT FRKEP
FNGEDF \KTK[F FRKEPF N[ F\PYF \BZYN QG[BZ CN[M
13
.OKYFN FXZ IBCXNB QSI[
QGJN[F \B FDKBEF QK[B[IF N[ O\GSSC\F
.BCX OEDR IGN[N JKNIFG OGKB OFC FBZ[ KYG'DNSF
BYGGEG ,FN[MR 1092 \R[ LNFPC OEDR FI\VR[ FPINPF
LGVFN EK\T[ ,IXZ \GTXPBC ,FINXF GNIR QK[B[IF
OBHKR FKF QG[BZF ORCZGY .ONXB \NCGYPF FJK[N
GKXPBP[ ,KYG'DNSF QGJN[F \B \ZK[[ ZKHGGF ,MNGPNB
N[ Z\GKC QMGSPF CKGBN GFGMVF IBCXNB QSIC OINKFN
ZCGJYGBC 16=F \C[ NKNC [IZ\F IXZF 14.QK[B[IF
OBHKR \B ZYE[ IXGZF .ERBGBFKR HGIPC[ BRFSC 1092
,KRBZB ZFBJ GCB O[C K[B[I FKF ,QGKDVC \GGPN MNGPNB
FMHK KM FGGY\ LG\P ,FPK[PF \B GPXT NT \IYN [YKC[
15
.BCF ONGTC
\B GBXP QFC ZGZJ \GVY\F \ZESC FRG[BZF F\KKF GH
K[RB GNKVBG OKN[GP ,OKBKCXP ,OKMKSR ,OKJKN[ O\GP
Z\KF GYKRTFG \GKNKTBPSBF \GZG\F \B \GRDN GHTF[ ,\E
FIGMC QKB KM TEK IBCXNB QSI .QFC OKNDGEF \B BMEN
FRKEPF NGP EGPTN FECN \KNKTBPSBF FVJFF N[
Z[VB\[ F[EI FJK[ BXP ,QMNG ,FZKEBF \KYG'DNSF
GKNT FNGTF BCXC \GMFN ,QDZGBPG TP[GPP ,QJY IGMN
O\[NGIP FTCR GH FJK[[ ZGZC .GEKIVFNG OKRGP \GZ[T
EEGP\FN O\NGMK ZSGIPG ,CZYF FE[C OKNKTBPSBF N[
FJK[F[ YVS QKB ,\BH OT .\RDGF FZGXC OFKCKZK OT
N[ \GRG[BZF OKR[F \GZ[TC \GIVN F\GNKTK \B FIKMGF
G[P\[F[ OKRG[BZF GKF BN OKNKTBPSBF .QK[B[IF
OFN GPEY ,\GKJKNGVF \GIKXZFG \GKGECB\FF \JK[C
GNKTVF[ OKRG[BZF GKF OF LB .\GRG[ \GKPBNSB \GXGCY
OFKCKGBC FPINP NFRN LZEMG \RDZGBP FZGXC FJK[F \B
,Z\GK ZIGBP 16.ONSING ORGJN[ \B ZTZTN { OKRGSF {
N X KR [ , Q K E C B T N B QK H G R C C O KT K[ F GZ K M F , Q K S G I N B
\B \GRMN OKTK[F GNIF F\T[ BNB ,[ZGKM ,ICJFP
LK[PF[ KRGSF OBNSBN EGDKRC) OBPKB ZBG\C [ZGKF
NXB TGEK QKECBTNB QKH .(UKN'I ZBG\C GK[ZGK \B \GRMN
.QKSGINBG QSINB ,KNT ZIBN KTKCZF OBPKBM OKTK[F
,ZYBCNB EPIGP ,GRCC OKTK[F CGZ GZKMF G\GP ZIBN
BNKP ZYBCNB EPIGP N[ G\GP ZIBN 4.K[KPIF OBPKBM
,ZVT'D N[ G\GP OT .YEBXNB ZVT'D GRC GPGYP \B
YCE FTK[F QP DNV .FTK[C USGR DGNKV NI ,K[K[F OBPKBF
GKIBC LP\ ,FTK[F ZB[ EGTC ,NKTBPSB ZGMCF GRCC
NKTBPSB KMPG\ { OKNKTBPSBF .OHBMNB BSGP ZKTXF
C[IR[ ,NKTBPSB QC EPIGP ,GRCN \GKGMHF \B GZKCTF {
BSGPC GMP\[ ,OKTK[F CGZ .QGZIBFG KTKC[F OBPKBN
EPIGP Z[T=OKR[F OBPKBF ET GKBXBXC GZKMF ,OHBMNB
OKBZYR OF QM NTG ,940 \R[C \P[ (ZH\RGPNB) QSINB QC
Z[T=OKR[C GZKMF[ GNB ,GRKKF ,"OKKZ[T=KZ\F"
\B GGKF[ OG[P ,OKTK[F OD OKRGMP FNB .OKPBPKB
5
.FTK[F N[ FCGZ
LMN KBG ,FCZ \GKEGSC O\E \B GRDZB OKNKTBPSBF
Q G V X C \ K P BN SB F K Z V P K B O K YF N G I \ V \ F N G I K N X F
LM GBZY OKPKJBVF) OKPKJBVF QGJN[ \I\ FYKZVB
.(FPJBVG KNT KBXBX O\GKF \B [KDEFN \RP NT OPXTN
ZKFY \B GRC ,OKZXP \B OKPKJBVF G[CM 969 \R[C
.\KNKTBPSBF FRGPBN HMZP [PK[[ ,ZFHBNB \B GESKKG
N[ GKPKC \KPKJBVF FKZVPKBF FTKDF F\NGED BK[N
QGJN[F TKDF HB ,(1094 =1036 ) ZXR\SGPNB UKN'IF
QPHNG CZT KBF KXIG FKZGS ,NBZ[K WZBN OD KPKJBVF
OKTK[F=OKPKJBVF \KKNTN NKCYPC[ BNB .EBEDCN OD FP
OKJC[ SZVN TKDFN 11=F FBPF \K[BZC GNIF ,CZTPC
FBKCF[ FECGT ,OKRGS OKPNSGP ZPGNM ,QGVXP OKYG'DNS
OKYG'DNSF \TDF .\KPGYPF FKKSGNMGBF OT \GIK\PN
FMNF[ \GEDR\F ,[EIF QGJN[N \GEDR\F FZZGT ZGHBN
FH TYZ NT 6.GZCD OKYG'DNSF N[ KGMKEF K[TP[ NMM FZCDG
KEM ,OKZXPP OKNKTBPSB OKTK[ OKRNPTG\ SZVN GTKDF
UZXNG OKYG'DNSF EDR OPGY\FN OKC[G\F \B EEGTN
\B CKIZFN FZJPC \BH NM ,OKNKTBPSBN ,LM CDB ,O\GB
OKRNPTG\F KZKMCP EIB .\KPKJBVF FRKEPF N[ FK\GNGCD
\TGR\ \B QDZBN IKNXF[ IBCXNB QSI FKF FNBF
7
.QK[B[IF \TGR\ \B OKYFG OKYG'DNSN \GEDR\FF
EGSKKG IBCXNB QSI N[ G\GDKFRP &
I
QK[B[IF \M
SZVC[ OGY ZKTC 1050 \R[C LZTC ENGR IBCXNB QS
GEGTC .OKKZ[T=KZ\F FTK[F OT \KRPRF FIV[PN
LGPS FRM[[ ,KBZ ZKTN OGY ZKTFP GKCB ZDKF ,ENK
\GNKTV HMZP F\KKF KBZ .K\EF GMGRKI \B DVS O[ ,QZFJN
CZ QPH UNI BNG ,9=F FBPF HBP OKKNKTBPSB OKVKJP N[
OFKNB UZJXF Z\GK ZIGBP .O\TV[FN ZS GPXT QSI[ ET
,GEKYV\ \ZDSPC 8.OFN[ FVJFF QGRDRPC \Z[N OKMSFG
KRGVXF ZGHBC ,1080 \R[ UGSC ,ZYKCG SZV KCIZC QSI TSR
OKXKPB OKPIGNM GTEGR ZGHBF KC[G\ .KVSMF OKF EKN[
O SKKD N QS I C[ I QMNG , OK RMG SP O K[RB N GC[ IRG
QPH LG\ ,IKNXF \KJPHKZMF G\GK[KB \GMHC .GK\GZG[N
OKZCEF \GTP[P \B GN ZKCSK[ LKZEPN YGYH BGF QMNG (EBF[K\SKB) \GKGECB\FF \JK[ LGVF\ ,GRKPKC EIGKPCG Geographical Journal, Vol.
80, No. 1, Jul. 1932, pp.
TEK KNTC N[ FKMZZKF FZXK GH FJK[ .NBF QKCN GRKC LGG\KG OKTK[F YZ BN ,ZGZJF KRGDZB CZYC Z\GKC IGGZF KTXPBN .47-56
OKMPG\F N[ \JNIGP \GR\KKXN FBKCFG \GRG[ \GDZEP ,I"\VF ,SBPIF GPM) OKRGSF OD OB KM (FNNBCHIF GPM) Bartlett, The Assassins, 13
OKYFN IBCXNB QSI IKNXF ,ZXY QPH LG\ ,LM 21.OFKZGPC GH LZE GXPBK[ ,(OKZIBG FEKTBYNB ,KPBNSBF EBFK'DF .pp. 45-46
GKFG ,QGEB GC GBZ ,\ZGGKT FZGXC GN G\KKX[ OKRKPBP \ET WZBC OKEGFKF EDR GNFRK G\GB (FGGXP \PINP) EBFK'DC GSKR OKZVGSFP \XYP 14
\GBZN Q\KR LMN KGJKC .NGMF GNKC[C \G[TN OKRMGP .ONGTF KCIZC OKZXGRF EDRG NBZ[K -HKR IXZC YGEKX BGXPN
IBCXB QSI \B ZYCN TKDF OKPKF EIBC GKVN ZGVKSC LKNF\ ,QK[B[IF N[ ORGDZB \GEGB OKPEYGP OKJZV -HKR[ LMC ,MNGPNB OB
ZPGTG MNGPNB OB
GN \GBZFNG GIZGB \B OK[ZFN FXZ IZBPF .CG[I IZGB N[ GZVSC FRG[BZN GBCGF ,OKCER\PF \Z[MFG SGKDF OSZV\F[ ,OBK'I
DD NT GEPT[ GKZTRP OKKR[N FZGF BGF .KFP \GR\KKX \R[C WZBC GZGYKC ZIBN ,FNEGJP QKPKRC KEGFKF TSGRF ,TGEK ZZG[PM LM=ZIB
NB GXVY ,SGSKF NM BNN ,OFG ,FJPN WGVYN ZXCPF GNGV GYZP N[ GKVP GMH KPNGT OGSZVN ONGB 17,1170 -NB QSI OT EIKC GEPN
22 -KEGPKN LNFPC .IBCX
.O\GP \R[C ,QKSN GMZEC .OFK\GNGTV \B ZBK\[ ,(1324=1254) [KB GTC[R OF OF
OKDKFRPF N[ ONCS \B QSI ZZGT FH ZGCKX CZYC ZIBN ,SZVC[ \GPBNB \EGXPC GNGV GYZP ZYKC ,1273 -K[ QG[BZF KM GFTZN
O\RGPB KVN .FPYRN UKJFG OKRGSF KEKC GIXZR[ OKTK[F KC[G\ N[ OZGVKS \B TP[G OKNGDRGPF KEK=NT F[CMR[ OG\ OT OKKIC ZE\S
OD ZESN DBEK ,GKEGPKN
OEB KRC KEK=NT GRGPG GZICR[ OKVKN'IC OKZKMP OF QKB QP QYHF" GN KI FH WZB NCIC ,GNGV GYZP KVN .OGYPF OBHKR .OKZ\GRF KR[ \B
BGF[ ,OBPKB OBNSBF [BZC EGPTN FKF LKZX OEKENG LG\C .OTV KB FBZR[ Z\GKC FVKF QDF \B OKYF[ ,"ZFF FZ[P NCKY MNGPNB
[BZP GEKYV\N ZICR[ ,FPJBVG KNT KRCP ,BKCRF KBXBXP CNI ,QKK GPZH QFC[ \GNT\ ,OKCFHGP \GRGPZB GPYGF QDF KVNG ,KYG'DNSF QGJN[C
-V\ ZESN CZKS FRTJF
QSI N[ G\VJF \B QKCFN Q\KR FH TYZ NT 23.FNNB KEK=NT QKTNG Q\ZK[C QHGBN GPKTRF[ QI \GPNT GZD GCG [CEG . IBCSNB QSIN EKY
\NKHD NT OGYRN KEM \GECB\F \GNGTVN Q\R[ EGEKTFG QETF QD GFH KM OKRKPBPF \B TRM[ QYH G\GB .QEGYKZC -GPG O\EKN \GR[[ BNB
KEKP NGPDN FIJCF LG\ ,BKCRF \IV[PP F[GZKF \GKGMH QYHF N[ GZXIC .QBZGYC GKRKPBPN EPIGP IKJCF G\GB -KBFP EIB NM N[ O\
KCDN \GYVS OKNTP OK[
OK\PF QFKVN \GKPBNSBF \GZGSPF .BCF ONGTC FNNB OFKNT NKVF[ KGYK[C FY[F O\GB ,OKRKPBP OKZKTX GRM[ OBHKR .ZGVKSF \G\PB
QF OD ,QET QDN Z[K OKSRMR QM NTG ,OKEKF[N OKMVGF CZYC GKF GZZGT\F[MG ,QDN OSKRMP FKF GR[K[ FT[ .FPEZ\ 1020 \R[C ENGR MNGPNB
\NGTVN CER\FN G[YKC[ OKZKTXF NT GTKV[FG GEPNR O\GB IGN[N QYHF FXZ[M .QET QDC OKBXPR OF KM OKIGJC ZPGT ,1092 \R[C \PG
1048 \R[C ENGR OBK'I
BNB ,JNPKFN OKIXGZF GSKR BN LM OG[P .\GECB\FF .QDFP OBKXGPG OPKEZPG C[ FKF ,\GECB\F \GPK[PN QSIG 1131 \R[C \PG
LNFPC \GGP .BCF ONGTC EKP \GMHN KEM ,\GPN GGKY BYGGE GKNT QDC OKBXPR ORKB KM \GNDN GBNV\F ,GZZGT\F[M \R[C ENGR IBCXNB
TGXKC ZIBN \GEZ[KF GNKBG NGED EGCMN C[IR IXZF ,\GECB\FF \PK[PN \BXN OTRM[P QYHF FKF HB .GPNI .1124 \R[C \PG 1050
18 Lock- :FBZ GH FKDGS NT
LMN KGJKC .[KCP ZCEN GC[IR FPK[PC QGN[KM GB FPK[PF .USMRF QDN ZGHIN GMHK FVGSC KM FIJCF LG\ hart, ``Hassan-i-Sabbah
\B F[CN[ OKECB\PF EIB OB NT ZGVKSC \GBZN Q\KR QK[B[IF \M KRC GBZYR ,GNGV GYZP N[ GZGBK\ \GCYTC and the Assassins'', p.
DZFR FRC KM FC[I Z[BM F\IP[ \B FTKCFG FKEDC CJKP KVN QM[ ,(OKIXGZ) Assassins OKBVGZKBF \GZGYPC Hammer-Purystall, ;676
The History of the Assas-
FZTJXF ,NXKR FRC KM FN TEGR[M .\GECB\FF \PK[PC ZZIK[ [K[IF .[K[I FKF OFN Q\KR[ KGYK[F FZCSF sins, pp. 43-44; The As-
\B G\IV[PNG GN YKRTF BN KM GKRVC FRRGN\F UBG CZ ZTX OFN Q\KR ,FBZRF NMM ,QMNG \GKHF OFC ZZGTG EIVP O\GB .sassins, p. 39
24
.KGBZF EGCMF F[T[ QG[BZF[ FBZR .\GECB\FF \NGTVN GBXK OZJC 'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN 15
ZGZJ KRGDZBN KGYKI NEGPN LVF QK[B[IF QGDZB FRCP [GPK[N FNKPF FSRMR GN \GEGFG Assassins FNKPC [GPK[ Charles Nowell, ``The ;46
Old Man of the Mountain'',
ZG ZJ K [TP NTG VN G BK XGF G 20 =F \GR [C GPYG F[ K Z K K DK NB F J R E K Y N J K B F Z Z G [ P F F K F , F V [C I G G Z Speculum: A Journal of
OK IB F \ TGR \ KZ C IP . O BN SBF O [C \GKGE C B \F G FC [P\[F 14=F FBPF \K[BZC ZCM[ ,(Alighieri) Mediaeval Studies, Vol.
KEK=NT 1929 \R[C FKNTBPSBC FPYGF[ ,OKPNSGPF ZKHRM GP XT \B ZB K\ FJRE . "\KFGNBF FKEP GY"C 22, No. 4, October 1947,
DKFRPN JNIGP \GKXG \TP[P F[ZER ,BRCNB QSI 'IK[F IRGPC [P\[FG KGHCG NV[ IXGZ G\GKF NT FEGG\PF FBZ IXZF NT ;p. 501
M. Houtsma, ``The :OD
EK[ZGPNB) KNNMF LKZEPF OFKVC BZYR[ ,BRCNB FTGR\F ``Io stava come il frate che confessa lo :Assassins Death of Nizam al-Mulk
,'IK[ G\GKF OXTP ,BRCNB KM GRKPBF[ OG[P ,(OBTNB .perfido assassin...'' and its Consequences'',
Journal of Indian History,
OFKNT FKV NT Z\GKC FCGJF LZEF KFP OFP CGJ TEGK (Assassins) SRKSSBN [K[IF QKC KDGNGPKJBF Z[YF NT .3, 1924, pp. 147-160
FTGR\N OKRGPB TC[KFN G[ZER FTGR\F KZCI .\GKIN De) KSBS FE ZJSCNKS K\VZXF JSKCZTF FRG[BZN EPT -GY GNTV[ \GTGR\F QKC 16
BNP \GKX .FC O\GZCI ZCE \B EGSC ZGP[NG FKDKFRPNG NM QKB KM TGEK OGKF ONGB ,19=F FBPF \K[BZC (Sacy 'DZBG'IF GKF QMN OE
25
.OKZIBF ZGZJF KRGDZB CZYC OD [ZER DKFRPF KZCEN OFN Q\KR FNGTVN OK[YR\PF GBXK OZJC KM FRTJN SGSKC IXZC [P\[FN GDFR[
ZGZJF KRGDZB KZCI KRVC OKVKJPF OKB[GR[ \G[ZEF F[YG ZKER LZXP FKF [K[IF KM FECGTF N[C GNG ,[K[I N[ G\KKVGRM ,KJKNGV
-FP KN'DTNB ZGXRP GCB
\GKGGZ ,QK[B[IF KVKJP \BZ[FC ,GRKPKC OKKPBNSBF "QK[B[I" ZBG\F \B KM FBZR .OKPK O\GBC FD[FN -GT[ YBZKTC[ FVGM ZKT
NMGK BN JG[VF OEBF[ \RP NT \BHG ,OKK\E OKIGRKP OFG ,CGTK\G EIV LG\P ,OFKCKGB BYGGE \MF KRCN GYKCEF \BXN GK[RB \B EE
FNGTF FRYSPF \BH OT .FDFRFF KESIN QG\R FKFKG QRKCFN 19
.FNGNX FTECG FBNP FZMFC O\PK[PN GBXK OPXT NCY NG OK[RB IGXZN
QM G ,FNN B KEK P ZM[
KVN .FIGJC QET QDN EKF[F N[ GMZE :FZGZC \G[ZEF QP KEM G\G[ZN GEPT[ OKTXPBF NM \B NXKR IBCXNB QSI OD[ ,EKTS QC FZK'TP
,EPIGP BKCRF \VGY\C F\K[BZ[ ,\KPBNSBF \ZGSPF G[TK[ ,OKKJKNGV OKECB\PG OKIXGZ ZK[M\[ \M OKYFN K[TP GTXKC GKEKSI
SRMKFN KBMHG "EKF[" BZYR \EF [GEKY NT \PF KPNSGP \EF .OBNSBN \GRPBR LG\ ,FBNP FZMFC OEKYV\ \B ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN .IXZ
Daftary, ``Ha- ;123 'PT
\PINPC \GPN BKF EPTPC \GMHN FNYF LZEF .QET QDN I\VN ICXNB QSIN GTKKS \KNKTBPSBF FKZGJSKFFG san-I Sabbah and the Ori-
OKZIGC OKCZ .(OKZXGR GB OKEGFK) OKZVGMF EDR FGGXP \ K E G S \E BK F F K N K T B PS B F . F P K B \ P F K D G N G BK E K B gins of the Nizari Isma`ili
26
.FH ZBG\C \GMHN \RP NT \GKGECB\F \GPK[PN \BXN { OKTK[F N[ EGPKNF \JK[) EGPKN \JK[ \P[KKPF .Movement'', p. 190
OKT[GV GKF QK[B[IF ,\GRCZGYF N[ O\GBZ \EGYRP FMGHG FFGCD FDZEN FNTGP [BZC EPGTF FC ,(OKNT\F -KRC 'Z N[ \GTSP ZVS 17
,QGERGN ,FNEGJP QKP
QK[B[IF LB .\KPNSGPF FZCIF EDR ZGZJC GYST[ OKBRY EGPKNF \JK[G FRGPBF KV=NT 20.KFGNB JTPM EGCMN -Z\ ,ZNEB R"P \GZEFP
,\KNKT \XGCYM ,OKK\KPB OKPNSGPM OPXT \B OK[VG\ NBF KZCE \B QKCFN OEBF N[ G\NGMKC QKB ,\KNKTBPSBF .J'IK='IK 'PT ,H"S

10
Henry Yule (ed.), The Book 18
of Ser Marco Polo, Lon-
don: H. Cordier, 1930, pp.
.23-24
'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN 19
Nowell, ``The Old ;46
Man of the Mountain'', p.
KPKC [K[IF NT .500
WZBC G[GPK[G OKKRKCF
FBZ FKZGSCG NBZ[K
[K[I" ,ZPT ZFH :EGT
NBZ[K WZBC OKK[K[IG
,"OKKRKCF KPKC FKZGSG
\TKEKN \T C\M :NBKZB
,120=119 ,NBZ[K WZB
' P T ,1996 Z C P X E
Z G B E Q E ;282 =277
[K[I :C[T KVE ,(LZGT)
N\ ,ONGTF \GZVSC
,NG DZI \BXGF : CKCB
.22=20 'PT ,2003
Daftary, The Assassins Le- 20
.gends, p. 33
FBGNPC FKMZZKFF \B 21
CN [ NM N[ GEK YV\G
-B\ :FBZ GH FKMZZKFC
-BPSBNB 'IKZB\ ,ZP
'PT ,QG[BZ LZM ,FKNKT
Lockhart, ``Has- ;129=123
san-i-Sabbah and the As-
QSI ;sassins'', p. 680
QGKNKTBPSBNB ,QKPBNB
Q K E N B Z K X R G NG ' T P NB G
HMZP :\GZKC ,KSGJNB
\BSBZENN ZKE'TNB
,1997 , FKP B N P S B N B
.87 'PT
Anthony Campbell, The 22
Assassins of Alamut, n.p.,
.2004, p. 2
\KT K[ F FRGPB F KVN 23
-BFP FZCT FPBPKBF
TKDF[ ET QG[BZF OE
E CT BK CR F N[ G CSN
NXV\F GRRPP .CNJGPNB
ZCTG KFGNBF WGXKRF
-ECT NB ,GKRCP OKKR[N
.CNBJ GCB NBG FNNB
N[ GKCB ,FNNBECTP
-KRF ZCT EPIGP BKCRF
GRPPG GPXT BKCRN WGX
KNT .FPJBV G\CN TKDF
GKCBP WGXKRF \B NCKY
-BF WGXKRF .CNBJ GCB
E I B \ F D NV \ F [ K F G N
KNT N[ OFKBXBXC CG[
,ZPB\ :FBZ .FPJBVG
,FKNKTBPSBNB 'IKZB\
.94=85 'PT ,QG[BZ LZM
'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN 24
Campbell, The As- ;122
;sassins of Alamut, p. 20
Lockhart, ``Hassan-i-Sab-
bah and the Assassins'',
.p. 680
Brynjar Lia, The Society of 25
the Muslim Brothers in
Egypt: The Rise of an
Islamic Mass Movement,
1928-1942, London: Ithaca
11 OBNSBF O[C OKECB\PF KRG[BZ :OKRK[B[IF
OGZEP FGMEZKD \EGXP \B ZVBHGP N[ GEGYKVC
FVKY[F[ LMC F\KKF FEGXPF N[ F\GCK[I .QB'TPEN
,FPGYKP .SZV CZTPN QBSZG'I QKC \K[BZF LZEF NT
IZ HPC \K NKT BPSBF FM KP\F K HM ZP N[ O\C ZYC
LNF[ KNKTBPSBF IGMF \B EGBP YHKI ,QBZBERBHBP
\EGXP \B \T F\GBC OKNKTBPSBF GSV\ QM .OXT\FG
OGYP ,QBFVSKB ZKTF \CZYC FTCD NT FRM[[ ,HKEFB[
G M K[ P F O K N K T B P S B F . K Y G ' D N S F Q J N G S F N [ G C [ GP
K\VGPF \B GIXZ 1103=1101 OKR[F QKCG ,IXZF K[TPC
FZJ[PF EYVP \B ,ZKTF N[ Q[KF EDSPC QBFVSKB N[
KJ RB KBCX ZES P ,FKP BZM F [B Z \ BG Y FKC N[
1107 \R[C YZ .ZGVB[KR N[ EDSPC IXZR[ ,KNKTBPSB
,QBFVSKB \EGXP \B OPXTN ZKHIFN OKYG'DNSF GIKNXF
KZXCP NT JN\[FN \GRGKSKRF .FKNT GMZT[ ZGXP ZIBN
34
.GN[MR ZBSBPBNG \GPBNB
\GRPN JKNIF G\GP CZTG IBCXNB QSI FNI 1124 KBPC
LNFPC .[ZGKM ,ZBSBPBN ZXCP EYVP ,EKPGDZGHGC \B
{ OKPNSGP OK[KB 48 GIXZR IBCXNB QSI N[ G\VGY\
ZKHGGF JKNIF IBCXNB N[ G\GP ZIBN .OKRGS ONGM
EDR \XIGP FMZTP NFRN K[BM QKENB QKTGP KYG'DNSF
1127=1126 OKR[C FNFR\F[ FMZTPF .OZDPNG QK[B[IF
{ QK[B[IF N[ OEXP OYR \NGTVN FBKCF LB ,FN[M
16=C ,GNSING K[BM N[ G\KCN ZGEIN GIKNXF OFP OKKR[
\VGY\ N[ F\K[BZ BGF K[BM N[ GNGSKI 35.1127 SZPC
ZXY QPH LG\ GBKCF[ ,QK[B[IF GTXKC[ F[EI \GIKXZ
FZJ[PF EYVP :OFCG OKJNGC OK[KB ZVSP N[ ONGSKIN
,HKZC\ ZKTF \ZJ[P EYVP ,F'TZP ZKTF N[GP ,QBFVSKBC
\GZPN .K[Z\SP KSBCTF UKN'IFG QKGKHY N[ K\VGPF
FJBF FNI KM FBZR ,IXZF \GNGTV N[ \GKCKSRJRKBF
FDFRFF KGRK[ N[C FBZRF NMM ,IXZF K[TP CXYC
QSIP KJPHKZM \GIV FCZF FKF EKPGDZGHGC[ FECGTFG
36
.G[NIRG QK[B[IF GMNF HBP .IBCXNB
, O D K F R P [ Z I B N , Z GH B N O K N GD RG P F GT K D F O K K \ R K C
.1227=C G\GP ET SZV IZHP NM NT JN\[F ,QB'I SKDRK'D
\R[ ETG ,\GJK[VF G[EGI 1230 \R[C LB ,GYSV OK[GCKMF
,FKHGZDN G[NVG SZV CZTP NT OKNGDRGPF GJN\[F 1240
QB'IF ZDK[ 13=F FBPF \KXIPC .YBZKT QGVXNG FKRPZBN
N[ GEGYKV \I\ ,FKNGDRGPP F[EI \KBCX \IN[P FYRGP
\B TKRMFN FEGYV FKVCG ,QB'I SDRK'D N[ GEMR ,GDKNGF GKIB
OKJTP OK[EGI LG\ .OBNSBF \GXZB NMC OKNKTBPSBF
.EBEDC \B G[CM 1258 ZBGRKCG YBZKTN OKNGDRGPF GTKDF
GIXZG ZKTF \B GVZ[G GHHC ,GZT\SF OKNGDRGPF OKPIGNF
EBEDC [GCKM ZIBN .QGZIBF KRGSF KSBCTF UKN'IF \B
\I\ GKF[ OKZGHBF [GCKMN OTSPC OKNGDRGPF GMK[PF
O K NK T B P S B F O K S K S C F NT \ G V Y \ FF . O K N K T B P S B F
37
.\DSN GXNBR OKNGDRGPFG GINX BN QB\SKRGYCG ZBCEGZC
\GR[N OKNGDRGPF GJKNIF ,QK[B[IF \B TKRMFN QGKSKRC
\G\VN GSKR OF ,\GEGXPF NT OKZX OFKNKKI EGTC .FYKJYJ
\GCJF \ZGP\ TRMKFN ,QKENB QMGZ ,QK[B[IF DKFRP \B
LGSIN OKNGDRGPF GGKY LMC .GN YKRTFN GIKJCF[ OKYKRTPG
OKZX GKF GN BKXGFN OKXNBR GKF[ OKCZ OKCB[PG \GRCZGY
FZGF QKENB QMGZG ,FNTV \KRMG\F .\GEGXPF NT OKZT\SPG
.OKNGDRGPN CZY BNN QZKCTFNG TRMKFN \GEGXPC[ GK[RBN
.GJN\[F QMB OKNGDRGPFG GK\GBZGFN GTP[R \GEGXPF CGZC
TP[KFNG TRMKFN \GEGXPF KEYVP GCZKS \GPGYP KR[C
FZCIN O\GRPBRG O\RGPB \B GIKMGF OFK[TPC[
GBZY OKNKTBPSBF .KEKP Z[GBN GMHK QM NTG \KPNSGPF
,(FNNB QTPN) O[VR KCKZYP ZPGNM ,QGKBEKV OKIXGZN
FZCIN O\GRPBR \BG OCKN WPGB \B GICK[G GNNKFG
K [ T P \ B G ZK Y G F O K N K T B P S B F . \ E N G \ K N K T B P S B F
, O E G C M N N NF K Z K [ G Z C K IG O K Z K T X F N[ \ G E C B \ F F
G M Z T \G E C B\F F \NG T V Z IBN , NN M= L ZE C [ ,\G Z PN
{ KIB" .OKNKTBPSBF EDR CIZ QK[RGT TSP OKYG'DNSF
,QK[B[IN NNFF KZK[P EIBC ZPBR "QGIXKRF OGK BGCK[M
OIGN NMGK ,GR\GB FGGNK BCFG FHF ONGTF N[ CGJF NHPFG"
UNB FBP G\G[ZN[ LNP NT FPKB NKJFN EIB KNDZ
ZGZJF KRGDZB DGFRN OKMK[PP GH FJK[ KV NT 27."OK[ZV
OKZVGSG OKZZG[P \GTXPBC .GRKPKC OD OKKPBNSBF
FCZYFFG FZGCDF SG\KP \B IVJN OKSRP OF OKSKGDP
\ZG[Y\F KTXPBG OFKRG\KTG ,OKRKPBPF N[ \KPXTF
28
.FPC OFN OK[P[P OKZIBF
\[Z \GTXPBC OKNKTBPSBF G[MZ OKRKPBPF \B
F\KKF[ ,(KTBE EKIKC GB) FBTGE \BZYRF FVRT OKRNPTG\
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,LZGXF \T[C TGKS OFN GYKRTF[ ,OFKMPG\G ,OKZXCPC
QK[B[IF GMH FN FMKP\F ,\BH OT .FCKCSF KZVMC GC[K
OKMGPSF OKKZZF OKCG[KKNG OKZVMN YZ FPXPJXF BN
KCIZ NMC OKZTC OKCZ OKMPG\ OFN GKF { OKZXCPN
\GCM[ NMP GBC OKMPG\F[ [KDEFN CG[I . SZV
{ ZCT[N BCX K[RBG OKNKM[P \GCZN { FKKSGNMGBF
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ZIBN ORGDZB \B OY[N OFN OKZHGTG OZGCT OKTKCXP
30
.OFKCKGBP GDVS[ \GMPF
,FEKVYC OFK\GRCZGY \B GZIC[ ,QK[B[IN EGDKRC
OD DGZFN OKSSFP BN GRKPKC OKPBNSBF ZGZJF KRGDZB
FZCIF NM EDR ZGZJ NTVGF BN QK[B[IF NXB .T[VP OKVI
EDR QGGMP FKF BGF .OKRGSF NM EDR BN UBG \KPNSGPF
OKNECR LMC .\GPKGSP \GZJP \D[F O[N ,OKZEDGP OK[RB
IXZC OKNIGC ORKB[ ,OGKF N[ ZGZJF KRGDZBP QK[B[IF
NM BNN QK[B[IF GTXKC OFK\GNGTV \B 31.T[VP OKVI
\GPGYPC NSIN GVKETF OFK\GRCZY \B ,\PEYGP FZ[MF
QK[B[IF \GNGTVN OKIKM[ OKZ\B .OEB KPGF OKKZGCKX
KPKC NNV\FN OFK\GRCZGY GTKDF OFKNB OKEDSPF GKF
FPGEC[ OG[P ,FPK[PFP CG[I YNI FKF OGSZVF .K[K[
\IB GKF CKZKF \EIVFG OGKBF ,GRKPKC ZGZJF KRGDZBN
32
.\GZJPFP
M
SZVC ONGSKIG QK[B[IF \EKZK &
\P INP \ GCYTC , OKY G'D NSF \[ NGIP FB XG\
S Z V C SS C \ F N O K N K T BP S BF G I K N XF , OK I Z H B
N T J N \[ F N G F Z K V S N 12 = F F BP F \ K [ B Z C
OKNKTBPSBF GSV\ 1096 \R[C 33.OKVSGR OKZXCP
KRGS KPNSGP BKCXP KEK NT NMGS QBRKS Z\I GKNB OKZXP \GPBNBC \GNGEDF \GEGXPF K\[C { QKENB QMGZ \GBZGFN \RT ;Press, 1998, p. 296
ZGZJ ,(\MZGT) WZGY
\GK\EG \GKJKNGV \GZPGK NTC [KB ,QKENB IBNX { OKPK ,1256 \R[CG QFKNT GZX OKNGDRGP \GNKI .ZBSBPBNG -KI :NBZ[KG KPBNSKB
KTK[=KPJBVF QGJN[F \B JJGPN ZXY QPH LG\ IKNXF[ .\GPBNB \EGXP FTRMR ,ZGXPF \NKI\ ZIBN OKEIB - S K B EB FK ' D , F N N B CH
.FRKEPF NT JN\[F 1169 \R[CG OKZXPC FTRMR BKF OD UGSCNG \VSGR FR[ EPTP FYKHIF ZBSBPBN ,SBPI ,KRKJSNV KPBN
38 - P N H MZ P F : C KC B = N \
FZJPN QKENB IBNX GN O[ ,OKZXP NT G\GJN\[F ZIBN .1258 \R[C OKNGDRGPN OKKDJZJSB OKZYI
.FTK[C OINKFNG \KRGS \KPNSGP FKZVPKB [EIP \GRCN LZGX EGT OKNGDRGPN FKF BN ,\GEGXPF CGZ GTRMR[ ZIBN \JKSZCKRGB ,FVK ["T
TKDF LM .OKRCNXF OT GK\GPINP \B EXC IKRF LM O[N GPXT BGF .G\IV[P \B NSIN GJKNIF QMNG ,QKENB QMGZC ' P T ,1993 , C KC B = N \
NGB[ ;127 ,168 =167
,12=F FBPF N[ 70=F \GR[ \K[BZC FKZGSN QKENB IBNX GRPP ,QJYF GRC [ZK GPGYP \BG LM=ZIB ZXY QPH NSGI ,TNS OFZCBG NT[P
Z[YF ZXGR OD LM .GRGJN[N FIVSNG F\GB [GCMN KEM N[ OK R G [B Z F OFK \ G CB ,OK P B P K B F \ N[ G[ F B XK \GPKNB :SBPI QPH
NSIN QK[B[IF GSKR OKKPTV :QK[B[IF QKCN GRKC ZK[KF OKNKTBPSBF .19=F FBPC GTKVGF Z[B OKRB'I=BDBF -KEK :CKCB=N\ ,FZ[VG
KZVS ,\GRGZIB \GT
FKF QG[BZF QGKSKRF .FKZGSC G\GF[ \TC QKENB IBNX \B JGTKP \MM GEZ[G LM=ZIB FP QPH EGT NGTVN GVKSGF .13 'PT ,1999 ,EPI
ZZI\[FN QGKSKRC .CNI ZKTF NT ZX[ \TC 1175 ZBGRKC ,SZV IZHP KCIZ NMC OKZGHV ,\KSZV \GZCGEF \GXZBC
39
TKXFG QK[B[IN FZHT \[YCC ZKTF N[GP FRV ,ZGXPFP .KJKKCGSF FKSB HMZP OGKF FRGMP[ FPCG QBJSKRDVBC
GFRIPN GIN[G GPKMSF OF .USMG \GPEB FZGP\C OFN QCGBZ :FBZ FH QKKRTC 26
E B F ' D G \G E C B \ F ,H V

C
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KBPC FKF KR[F QGKSKRF .NXKR QKENB IBNX LB ,OK[RB FKZGSC QK[B[IF & -VF KNBYEZF OBNSBC
, K R G K T Z F Q V F : K R K J SN
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IZHPF KEGPKNN QKKE
G\GB GVY\G GBCXC OKNKKIN OK[VGIP GFRIPN GTKDF GKEKSIP FPM GBXK ,KSZVF OTN G\ZG[C \B OKBKCP ,1998 ,FYKZVBG QGMK\F
OKTXV QKENB IBNX TXVR [CN[ QGKZ[N \GEGF .OKRKMSC \B O[N OD BKCFN KEM FKZGSN 12=F FBPF \K[BZC ,K[ NGB[ ;21=20 'PT
QKENB IBNX N[ GKKIC \G[YR\FF QGKSKR .ECNC OKNY .\KZYP F\KKF BN FKZGSN QK[B[IF N[ O\TDF .G\ZG\ OBNSBF :OKEKF[F
,\GECB\FF KTGDKVG
FPINPF LB ,1176 WKYC OEDR FPINP TSP LGZTN fBKCF \GRKEPN EGDKRC ,BKF QM[ ,OKVKJPN IGR ETK F\KKF FKZGS -PN QGMPF :FKNXZF
43
.FVNI BN FRMSFG ,ODKFRP \B SV\ BN BGF ,FN[MR \NXGVP FZCI GH F\KKF :\KJKNGV \GEIB FTEK BN ,\GZIB ,2003 ,ZGZJ EDR \GKRKE
,QK[B[IF EDR QKENB IBNX N[ \N[GMF FMZTPF ZIBN N[ OEXN .\GKRGXKY \GKTK[ \GXGCYG \G\M \CZ ,\DNGVPG ,NJ QPIR ;31=29 'PT
-CB\PF ZGZJG NBZ[K"
\B \GRVFN KEM [B \YSVFN TKDFN OKEEXF KR[ GJKNIF KEPN \GCGZY \G\KM OD GBXPR ,FKZGSC OKNKTBPSBF ,KDJZJSB QMET ,"OKE
QK[B[IF GSIKK BN FNKI\ .OKRCNXF ZCTN OKXPBPF ,FTK[C OZGYP[ OKGBNTF GB OKHGZEF GPM ,FKNKTBPSBN ;26=25 'PT ,2002 KRGK ,5
BNG \KNG[ FXGCY OFC GBZ[ OG[P ,FCZ \GCK[I OKRCNXN 40
.FKNKTBPSBN OKNBKXRJGV OKMPG\ GKF LMKVNG NT OKPNSGP \E KPMI"
,"'OKK P[ O[N ICJ'
LB ,OEDR OKCZTF OT FNGTV GV\K[ ORPB OF .\RMGSP OFKNB GSIKK\F BN ,FKZGSN QK[B[IF GTKDF Z[BM FC[IPN \T C\M :CK\R
.\NTG\ FHM TGKSP IPX\ KM GZCS Z[BM YZ FKF ZCEF ,\KZGSF FZCIC CN\[FN OFN GIKRFG \GRKGTC OKC[G\F ,\GCZ\G FZCI ,\KRKEP
OF Z[BM 1126 \R[C Q\KR Z\GKC K\GTP[PF TGKSF \KT K[ FRK EP N[ F\PYFN FVJ FF L[P F \ GZPN .55=53 'PT ,1996 KBP ,3
Y[PE N[GP N[ GK[RB OT OKRCNXF EDR FNGTVC GV\\[F ZXY QPH WYP ONGB .OKRGS FKC[G\ CGZ[ \KNKTBPSB 'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN 27
Daftary, ``Hasan- ;124 ,46
USGR QKKRCG SBKRCF \EGXP \B GKEKP NCYN GMH ,FZGP\CG O K R G S OK DK F R P N G S K I E T G Q B M PG , \G V J F F G V K Z I F I Sabbah and the Origins of
FKF FEGXPF \NCY .\K[BZ FEYVPM OFN [PK[[ Y[PEC BCXF KEYVPG FKZGSC O\GIMGRN GEDR\F[ ,OKKPGYP the Nizari Isma`ili Move-
FKXPKJKDNN GMH LMC { QK[B[IF ZGCT K\GTP[P D[KF OKJNGCF .FZXY LZEF F\KKF ,OFC OINKFN GIN[R[ ment'', p. 193; Campbell,
The Assassins of Alamut,
NBM OFKNB SIKK\F[ FRKEPC OKCG[IF OKN[GPF EIBP ,WPGI ZKTF N[GP ,QKSGI FNGENB IBR'D GKF OKIXZRC[ .p. 20
O\GBC QK[B[IF N[ ODKFRP ,OBZFC ,LMN USGRC .OKV\G[ LNFPC ZKTF N[ KHMZPF EDSPC 1103 KBPC 1=C IXZR[ N N F K Z K [ N \ G B P D G E 28
KEM FEGXPF \B NXKR ,\KTK[ FRKEP OKYFN UB[[ ,OKPK NGXGP N[ KYG'DNSF N[GPF ,EGEGBP QMG K[K[F OGK \NKV\ SG\KP IGVKJG OKEKF[N
ZGHBF { SBKRCF ZGHBC \KBCXG \KRKEP \GNKTVC NKI\FN \GDFR\F 41.1113 \R[C Y[PEC ZYKC[ \TC IXZR[ ,HV :FBZ NNMC FZGCDF
ZYKTC GNTV OF QPH G\GB ET QM[ { FKZGS N[ KPGZEF 'PT ,EBF'DG \GECB\F
,\YSGV K\NCF FVJFFG \GIKXZF ,FKZGSC QK[B[IF .27=25
\KPGYPF FKKSGNMGBF OT Z[Y ZXK OBZFC .CZTPCG QGVXC OGKB OFC \GBZN \KPGYPF FKKSGNMGBF \B GBKCF 'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN 29
.GKNB UZJXFN OTRM[N FSKRG \GRG[F \GETF KDKFRP OTG I\V QGJN[ F . ONSIN KYG'D NSF QGJ N[FP TGC\N G .130=129
,FTK[FP FKF OBXGP[ OKHGZEC ZYKTC LKN[F GCFK \B FKZXRBNB NC'D ZGHBC OEDR \KZHMB \KBCX \GNKTVC Brynjar Lia, The Society of 30
GNB LB ,QK[B[IN UZJXFN OKNBKXRJGV OKEPTGP GKF QMNG \GECBF \GZPN ONGB ,OKHMGZP GKF O[ ,(FBPIN \KCZTP) the Muslim Brothers, pp.
44
.UZJXFNP TRPKFNG OKKNZJKR ZB[KFN GVKETF BN ,ZFBJ GCB ODKFRP N[ G\GP \GCZN ,OFN GPZD[ QPH ,TNSG NT[P ;36-39
,WZGY ;87 'PT ,SBPI
,OKRCNXN QK[B[IF QKC GZZ[[ OKZGMTF OKSIKF \GZPN GJNPR OFP OKCZG \KVGS ONSIN OKYG'DNSF GIKNXF ,NBZ[KG KPBNSKB ZGZJ
42
IXZC QK[B[IF GYST BN ,\GKJKNGVG \GK\E \GCKSP .OKEFGB OKKPGYP OKC[G\ CZYC JNYP GBXP GB OKZFN .165 'PT
OKRGSC GBZ OF[ QM\KK .OKRGS IXZC GYV\SFG OKRCNX EGYKVF QSZ \B SV\ 12=F FBPF N[ 40=F \GR[ UGSC Campbell, The Assassins 31
ZGHBC OKRCNXF N[ O\GIMGR[ GIKRF[ QGGKM ,KHMZP OGKB QBPNS QC QBRKS { FKZGSC QK[B[IF N[ OKDKFRPF NGED .of Alamut, p. 1
\G[YR\FF LB 45,OTV KEP GIXZR ORPB OKRCNX .\KRPH \B SSC[ ZIBN .("ZFF QP QYH"M TGEKF) EPIGP QC Campbell, The Assassins 32
28=C F\KKF FKZGSC QK[B[IF N[ Z\GKC \PSZGVPF OKN[FN \RP NT ZGHBC OKZXCPF \B [EIP FRC ,GRGJN[ Daftary, ;of Alamut, p. 20
The Assassins Legends, p.
EBZRGY OKN[GZK LNP FKF QCZGYFG ,1192 NKZVBC .QK[B[IF GBXPR OFC OKIJ[C \KNBKZGJKZJ \GVKXZ Bartlett, The Assas- ;34
G[IZ[ FCKBN KGJKC FKF IXZF .(Montferrat) JBZVRGPP NGT \B YZV[ FKZGSC OKDKFRPF QKCP EKIKF FKF QBRKS .sins, pp. 72-73
.OKPK O\GBC FBK[N FTKDF[ FCKB ,OKRCNXN QK[B[IF ,QBRKS .QKJGNIN \KBPXT \GKRKEP JYRG SZVC \GMPSF OKIZHBF \PINP NT 33
KEKC OKN[GZK \MNPP \NKVRG 1187 \R[C QKJKI CZY ZIBN FRKEP OKYFN Z\I ,\K[TP BN F[KD NTC KRGXKY KTK[ Daftary, ``Hasan-I :FBZ
Sabbah and the Origins of
FMNPPF OGYK[C CG[I EKYV\ EBZRGY BNKP ,QKENB IBNX FRKEPF OT FEIBNG ZKIP NMC FKZGSC \KTK[ the Nizari Isma`ili Move-
FKC[G\C ICJ LZT O[ ,ZGXN TKDF 1191 \R[C .\KRCNXF OT K\EF EGIKBF[ BNB .OKZXPC[ \KPJBV=\KTK[F .ment'', pp. 190-191

12
, O K [ K [ I F , S K B G N 34
.56=49
Bartlett, The Assassins, p. 35
.107
'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN 36
.65=64
Yoseph ;87=85 'PT ,O[ 37
Hammer-Purystall, The
History of the Assassins,
.pp. 166-179
Bartlett, The Assassins, 38
pp. 181-183; Daftary, The
Assassins Legends, pp.
.43-44
'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN 39
.91
Q G K [ K [ I F \ G Z G Y P N 40
Bernard :FBZ FKZGSC
Lewis, ``The Sources for
the History of the Syrian
.GIXZR { KNTG QBP'\GT ,ZPGT { OBNSBC OKVKN'IF
\ G K PB N SBF \ G M N PP C O D G M [P R \G K JK NG V \ G I K X Z
\GRDZGBP BNF \GIKXZF QP NKECFN .QMP ZIBN GPYGF[
FRG[BZF OTVC ,OKYFN OKNKTBPSBF GIKNXF ,GNNF
\ G I K X Z C F [ P \ [ F [ F ZC I , \ KP B N S B F F K Z G J SK F C
O\PK[P \B TXCN GBXK FK[RB[ FZCI ,KJKNGV Y[RM
[K[IF BN .\GPN OKMNGF OF[ LMC FZGZC FZMF LG\
O \ PK [ P \B T XC N O B KC F [ BG F , F Z GB M N , GI Y N [
\VKJ[G FNGPT\F ,FVJFF GH F\KKF .JNIGP QGZGGKTC
GSRMKK F[TPF TGXKC OG\ OT KM FTKEKF QMG ,\K\EF IGPF
.GKPTJPP \GRFKN GMHKG QET QDN
FBZ[FF \GZGYPP EIBM [PK[ QK[B[IF KM YVS QKB
\ GX GC Y O\ GB N , O F C [ KZ Y KT F B N O B ,O K KZ Y KT F
FNBN ODG ,Z\GK ZIGBP GPYGF[ OKPBNSB OKRGDZBG
T[VP OKVI IXZG \GECB\FF K[TP .20=F FBPC GPYGF[
TGRM[G F\SF ,FNGPT\ N[ FBXG\ OF ,(OKZXGRG OKEGFK)
KM OKRKPBPF GTRM\[F NMN NTP .OMZE \YEXC OKRKPBPF
NVR ,K[KN[F OBKNKGG ,GKCB[ LM NT FPYRM ,OKPNSGPF
KVNM SIKF .QKENB IBNX N[ GKEKC QKJKI CZYC KC[C
GBKCF[ OF ,ZGXC EBZRGY OFC TXKC[ ICJFG OKPNSGPF
OKPK O\GBC KPNSGPF ONGTF \B DKFRFN ZPKK\F[ KP \B
,QK[B[IF N[ O\ZHTC ,GKKIC [YR\FN { QKENB IBNX {
46
.CFH KZRKE 2,000 N[ OGMS OFK\GZK[ \ZGP\ GNCKY[
QK[B[IF GMNF ,1193 ZCPJVSC ,QBRKS N[ G\GP ZIBN
OKZXP N[ KMGNPPF QBJNGSF ,SZCKCG G[NIRG FKZGSC
N[ OFK\GEGXPG FRGVX LK[PF ,NBZ[K WZB \B [CM[
1273 \R[ UGS ET GKEKN FDZEFC GNVR FKZGSC QK[B[IF
,SZCKCN QK[B[IF GTRMR[ ZIBN .(KCBG'I ,FVBXZ ,FYKNT)
BGF 1271 NKZVBC .G\G[ZN OFK\GZK[ \B GEKPTF OF
\B[ FBZR .KNGVKZJP QHGZF \B O\GTXPBC IGXZN OKKB
\R[C FKNDRBP EZBGEB LKSRF N[ GKKIC \G[YR\FF QGKSKR
GTXKC ,1270 \R[C ZGXC JZVRGPP VKNKV IXZ \B QMG 1272
47
.SZCKC N[ G\BZGF KV NT QK[B[IF

Z
Assassins'', Speculum: A
Journal of Mediaeval Stu-
SRMKFN GMHK OFK[TPN FZGP\C ,QM NTG FNNB N[ GRGXZ GFH
L MN FC K S F ,Z G P B M ,F \ KK F GH . Q E T Q DN O KE K F [M OGMKS &
dies, Vol. 27, No. 4, Octo-
.ber 1952, pp. 475-489 F ZMF C , F P N [ F R G P BC O \P K [ P N GB X K Q K[ B[ I F [ \GTVG\ QF K\E TYZ NT \GKGECB\FG \GKJKNGV \GIKX
N [ OF K[T PN FC KSF OD GHG F NGN X F TE C G F BNP QM[ NM BN ,\K[GRBF FKZGJSKFC \GZMGP
&
41
'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN
.98=97 .GRKPKC OKECB\PF \TCZBP F[GN[ . OBNSBF N[ FKZGJSKFC
Bartlett, The Assassins, 42
.pp. 94-95
GCB :FBZ FH QKKRTN 43
-'XGZNB CB\M ,FPB[
-NGENB ZBC'IB KV QK\
\SSBGP :\GZ KC ,QK\
LZM ,1997 ,FNBSZNB
;492 ,350 'PT ,K[KN[
Bernard Lewis, ``Saladin
and the Assassins'', Bulle-
tin of the School of Oriental
and African Studies, Vol.
15, No. 2, 1953, pp. 239-
245; Nowell, ``The Old Man
.of the Mountain'', p. 507
'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN 44
, ZG GB ZV T [ GFK ;101
-CNXF \MNPP \GENG\
-[GZK ,NBZ[K WZBC OKR
,YKNBKC ESGP :OKN
' P T ,' B L Z M , D " M [\
Bartlett, The Assas- ;218
.sins, p. 99
-\FF F\KKF 1152 \R[C 45
DKFRPC FRG[BZF \G[YR
E R G P K K Z Q H G Z F , K R C NX
-KRP LB ,KNGVKZJP KR[F
.OKTGEK ORKB IXZF KT
NPBMNB ,ZK'\BNB QCB 46
,QEKN ,'IKZB\NB KV
,12 LZM ,(1976 =1951
Bartlett, The As- ;51 'PT
.sassins, p. 143
'PT ,OK[K[IF ,SKBGN 47
.117=116

13 OBNSBF O[C OKECB\PF KRG[BZ :OKRK[B[IF