1 Chapters 1 3

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOILO
DUMANGAS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CHAPTER I
Introduction
Background of the Study
“Social Media, I like You. Do You like Me?” is a figurative title which means the
students like social media because of the benefits given by its different platforms.
Students log in to the different social media platform to gather information, be aware of
the surrounding and be updated about latest news and trends of this generation. They
come to love social media because of satisfaction they attain from it. It is an undeniable
fact that social media has been timely and relevant in this modern society, students
nowadays can’t answer their assignment without using google which is also a part of
social media platform, watch different videos in youtube like, vlogs, steps in cooking
and etc. , log in to facebook to be updated about a friend’s new post. Now the internet is
an encyclopedia of easily accessible information.
“Do you like me?” means if the social media has a positive effect on the person
using it. If the social media platform likes the person, then that person will gain new
information, and can be useful for that person anytime.
Social media is a 21st century term used to broadly define a variety of network
tools or technologies that emphasize the social aspects of the internet as a channel for
communication, collaboration, and creative expression and is often interchangeable with
the term web 2.0 and social media (Dabbagh & Reo, 2011).
The issue concerning about the student’s excessive use of social media is that
students delay their other work to spend time online, lose sleep due to late nights logons
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and can shatter families, relationships and studies. Social media use contributes to lower
academic performance, low self- perceptions and less interest in college-oriented carries.
Studies show that 90% of 16-20 years old use social media networks high
percentage (between 85 and 99%) of students use facebook and etc. (Bienner, 2013,
Matney & Borland, 2009). More specifically, the 2010 ECAR (EDUCAUSE CENTER
FOR APPLIED RESEARCH) study showed that 33% of the participant undergraduate
student sample (N= 36.950) reported using wikis; 29.4 used SNS; 24.3% used video
sharing websites; 17.4% used social bookmarking tools.
Excessive users, who prefer using internet, set back their personal and
professional responsibilities which ultimately lead to poor academic performance. In the
ever-changing internet landscapes parents often lack a basic understanding of their
children online lives, which creates a disconnection in how the parents and youths
participate in the online world together. According to Statistica.com, the number of social
network users in the Philippines from 2015 to 2022 is estimated that there will be around
47.33 million social network users in the country, up from 39.87 million in 2017.
The researchers wanted to conduct the study to find out why the students spend
too much time on social media and in order to examine student behavior towards it.
Statement of the Problem and Assumptions
This study aims to determine why students spend too much time on social media.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following question:
1. What were the effects of social media to students?
2. Why did students excessively use social media?
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3. How would social media influence the student’s behavior?
Based on the specific question above, an assumption had been made:
It is an undeniable fact that social media have always been part people’s lives. It
enables people to stay in touch and connect to people with the same interest and ideas.
Social media may be an adverse effect on human behavior because of gratification
derived from its use and studies on other parts of the world have shown that it is
potentially addictive. The social media users have increased significantly and as the time
goes by student devote more time social media than they do for their studies and other
personal obligations. In doing this relationship with people’s loved ones and close family
members suffer because most of their time and effort is put into the different platforms of
social media. Also, it can result to poor academic performance if it is not use wisely and
properly.
Theoretical Framework
According to (McQuail, 2005), the Users and Gratification theory is generally
seen as a theory that is closely linked to research on media effects. It is an approach to
gaining insight on how and why people look for particular media to satisfy particular
needs. The theory of uses and was near extinction because researchers only focused on
the effects the media had on people.
Media Systems Dependency theory (MSD) has served as a theoretical foundation
for analyzing the relationship between people and the choice and use of media. The
Media Systems Dependency theory was proposed by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin
DeFleur in 1976 in an article that sought to describe why media could have cognitive,
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affective and behavioral effects on different people in different ways. Media Systems
Dependency theory regards audience as an active part in the communication process.
Conceptual Framework
The independent variable in this study were the Grade 12 HUMSS students.
While, the dependent variable was the experiences of students who excessively use social
media.
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Experiences of students
who excessively use social
Grade 12 HUMSS students media
Figure 1: Conceptual diagram that shows the relationship of the independent
variable and dependent variable.
Significance of the Study
This study will be significant to the following:
Students. This study would be beneficial for the students because it can help
them understand and can make good use for the different platforms of social media.
Parents. This study would be beneficial for the parents so that they can monitor
their children who use social media to ensure they are safe and widen their understanding
for their children.
Society. This study would be beneficial for the society so that people can see the
damage of the false sense of intimacy created by social media.
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To the future researcher, this study might serve as their basis in making a
research paper.
Definition of terms
The following terms were defined conceptually and operationally to provide
better understanding and interpretation of the terms used in the study.
Excessive. Refers to going beyond what is usual, normal or proper (Merriam
Webster, 2019).
In this study, excessive was used to refer to the student’s action towards social
media.
Student. Refers to a person who attends a school, college or university and
studies something (Merriam Webster, 2019).
In this study, student is the participant of the study, they go to school and uses
social media.
Social media. Refers to a form of electronic communication through which
people create online communities to share information, ideas, personal message, etc.
(Merriam Webster, 2019).
In this study, social media is a tool which students use to connect with people who
are far away from them, an information source for their assignments and projects and a
stress reliever to ease their boredom.
Like. refers to the enjoyment or pleasure a person gain from something (Merriam
Webster, 2019).
In this study, like refers to the student’s enjoyment while using social media.
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Scope and Limitation
This study will find out why students in Grade 12 Humss of Dumangas National
High School spend too much time on social media. The researchers compilation of this
study started on November to March 2020.
The main source of data will be through written essay which was prepared by the
researchers. The study was limited only to the Grade 12 HUMSS students who
excessively used social media.
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CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter reviews the related literature and studies which provide additional
information to reinforce facts pertinent to the present studies.
What is Social Media?
Over the past decade, social media has become a widely used umbrella term that
refers to the set of tools, applications, and services that enable people to interact with
each other using network technologies such as personal computers and smartphones
(Graaf, 2015).
Social media is a computer-based technology which facilitates the sharing of
ideas, thoughts, and information through the building of virtual networks and
communities (Dollarhide, 2019).
The term social media is an Internet-based services that facilitate social
networking as well as the creation and sharing of content among users. It is in no way a
precise analytical term, but the phenomenon of social media grew during the first decade
of the 21st century to become thoroughly integrated into various domains of public and
private life (Davis, 2016).
Types of Social Media Platforms
Facebook, twitter, and linkedin are types of Social Media that used to associate
with individuals on the web. Instragram, Snapchat, and Youtube are types of Social
Media that used to find and share photographs, live video, video and other kinds of media
on the web. Reddit, Quora, and Digg these type of Social Media are used for finding,
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sharing and discussing different kinds of information, opinions, and news (Kakkar,
2018).
Pinterest and Flipboard were types of Social Media will help a person to find out,
share, discuss and save of latest content and media that are trending as well. Reddit,
Zomato, and Trip Advisor are platform that offers a place for users for reviewing
different kinds of products and services that they have used.
Advantages of Social Media
Students subscribe in Social Media for connecting with old friends and family
members, finding new friends, obtaining or showing materials, receiving updates of
events, posting information and whiling away time (Winneba, 2013).
Social media are increasingly being used as an information source, including
information related to risks and crises. Communication technologies have increased the
possibilities for how people can send and receive information (Westerman, et. al, 2013).
Social media are being used to seek information about serious topic such as
circulating up to the information about cholera outbreaks in Haiti and identifying clean
water source during this outbreak (Sutter, 2010).
Another advantage of social media is for socialization which is a lifelong process
in which individuals learn and interact with social media standards, rules and values.
Media are keys in socializing influence among other major agents of socialization. Media
effects on socialization have been identified in research in developmental psychology,
sociology, media and communication studies and pedagogy (Genner & Suss, 2017).
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More and more people used the internet as their source of entertainment instead of
watching tv programs and movies. Many of them used social media not just for sharing
information and a platform for communications, but they have found a grand advantage
from it for entertainment purposes (Brown, n.d).
Disadvantages of Social Media
Information is overwhelming, as there are lots of people now on social media
sharing, tweeting, and posting videos on daily basis thus information is overwhelming on
the internet. Over the time there are lots of followers and friends thus lot of updates keep
popping up on the feed. Sharing too much information can sometimes let someone in
trouble and there are privacy concerns also. Social media can lead to cyber bullying and
lead to serious stress, anxiety and depression (Qoura.com, 2017).
The ease of internet access worldwide has made it one of the most popular medium
of seeking information and now vital in the modern world and because of this a lot of
problems arise like fake identities, loss of family time and cyber bullying.
People creating fake identities on social media or dating websites are not just
limited to the Facebook and dating apps like Tinder and OkCupid. People will use fake
pictures to make themselves look better, creating a false representation of who they really
are. The victims in this situation are the ones who think that they are talking to a specific
person, and then find out it is a complete lie (Strober, 2016).
The loss of family interaction is one of the worst parts of implementing social
media to such a huge extent. Parents check their Facebook pages for interesting news
while the children post selfies and funny content on their pages, all while sitting at the
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dinner table together. Social media does provide a sense of connection when someone is
far away from each other but staying close together needs to be addressed (Atolhost,
2017).
Cyber bullying as a bullying that takes place over digital devices like cell phones,
computers, and tablets. Cyber bullying can occur through SMS, Text, and apps, or online
in social media, forums, or gaming where people can view, participate in, or share
content. Cyber bullying includes sending, posting, or sharing negative, harmful, false, or
mean content about someone else. It can include sharing personal or private information
about someone else causing embarrassment or humiliation. Some cyber bullying crosses
the line into unlawful or criminal behavior (Stop bullying.gov, 2017).
What is excessive?
The amount or level of something as excessive, is more or higher than is necessary
or reasonable. It is also exceeds what is usual, proper, necessary, or normal (Collins
Dictionary, 2019).
Something that is extra usually in a negative way. Beyond what is typical or
normal (Vocabulary.com, 2019).
Social Media Addictions
Internet addiction has been identified as a pathological behavior, but its symptoms
may be found in normal populations, placing it within the scoop of conventional theories
media attendance.
Social media addiction is defined as compulsive and excessive use of social media
(Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat even when use of those platforms is taking
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over someone’s life and having a negative effect on the “real life” and relationships
(Goodin, 2014).
Social media addiction is not a formal clinical diagnosis, it is fair to say that many
people spend far too much time on social media and may at the very least describe
themselves as being “obsessed”, if not addicted. In recent years the mental health
community has become increasingly interested in the impact that modern technology has
on our lives- both positive and negative.
Related Studies
In a study titled “The Facebook Addiction Test: A New Tool To Study Facebook
Usage” the researchers sought to find out the impact of facebook obsession on its users.
They chose to focus on only Facebook for their study because Facebook was the leading
social media site according to a 2010 edition of “The Economist” magazine, because it is
ubiquitous and also because researchers had a specific focus for their study.
Their study was built on work done by Young, on internet addiction, they developed
and used the Facebook Addiction test (FAT) to carry out their research which was an
adaption of Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT).
A study by Al- Menayes (2015) aimed to examine dimensions of social media
addiction in university students in Kuwait. The study was based on the Internet addiction
scale developed by Young in 1996 from which questionnaires were designed and
distributed to 1327 undergraduate students. The researcher employed the cross- sectional
survey methodology. Findings from data collected showed that social media addiction
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has three independent dimensions the users experience with social media, time spent
using social media and satisfaction derived from them.
A study by Machold et al. (2012) examined general patterns of internet usage
among 474 Irish teenagers (aged 11-16 years) and also attempted to identify potential
online hazards, including overuse and addiction. Approximately three-quarters of the
sample (72%) reported frequent social networking with most of these being facebook
users (95%). A third of the sample (33%) felt they engaged in social networking too
often.
In a study from global web, Philippines residents lead the way on spending time
on social media with 3 hours and 57 minutes a day on social media channels. Between
April and September of 2018, 83% of all internet. Uses engaged with social media .and
only 24%of those find it has a effect on their work. Philippines residents lead the way on
spending time on social media with 3 hours and 57 minutes a day on social media
channels. Between April and September of 2018, 83% of all internet. Uses engaged with
social media .and only 24%of those find it has an effect on their work.
Asana, (2019) states that the amount of time people spend on social media is
constantly increasing. Teens now spend up to 9 hours a day on social media platform;
while 30% of all this spend online is now allocated to social media inter action. And the
majority of that time is on mobile. 60%of social media time spent in facilitated by mobile
device.
Summary
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This chapter presented the information from other people who also made a study
related to social media. Social media is a computer-based technology which facilitates the
sharing of ideas, thoughts, and information. Students depends their daily information in
different social media platforms, whether making assignments, project, and other related
school activities. It helps people to connect with their love ones who are far away from
them. But it also brought danger to them thus lots of fake identities emerged, the loss of
family contact and sometimes let a person get in trouble because of sharing too much
information.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the Purpose of the study and research design, method,
locale of the study, the participants, ethical consideration, sample size, inclusion criteria,
sampling method, instrument, data gathering procedure, data storage, data analysis and
interpretation.
Purpose of the Study and Research Design
This study aims to determine why students spend too much time on social media.
Phenomenology was used in this study. Phenomenology is a type of qualitative research
which describes the participant’s experiences on an event or activity (Bizfluent, 2018).
The researchers used a written essay format. It focuses on the student’s excessive use to
social media. It took 5 months from November to March to compile the necessary data.
Method
Data collection method is the implementation stage of the study. Its purpose is to
confirm the discussion of the research result. The data will be gathered carefully and
skillfully in order not to endanger the actual result of the study.
Locale of the Study
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This study will be conducted din Dumangas National High School. This public
school is situated at Ilaya1st, Dumangas, Iloilo in the middle of Iloilo State College of
Fisheries and Ramon Duremdes Hospital.
The Participants
The participants in this study will be the Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences
students in Dumangas National High School.
Ethical Consideration
Ethical Consideration is fundamental when carrying at research, and as such
consideration was given to the ethical guidelines set out by the code of ethics and conduct
(British Psychological Society, 2009).
Participants will be provided with a detailed information sheet, which introduced
the research and the researcher, outlined the reason for the study, relevant background
information, and topics that may be covered during the write-up had a participant chosen,
only data that had been given would have been destroyed and not used in the research.
All participants agreed to the write-up process.
The participants will be debriefed at the end of the write-up process. The
researchers will be checked them to make sure that the participants had not found the
write-up process too different and if there is unusual, they may ask question and they will
be answered.
Sample size
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Out from the 142 students in HUMSS strand, only 5 will be selected as
participants.
Inclusion criteria
The participants who will undergone the interview should have:
1. More than 300 hundred followers on Facebook
2. Willing to be interviewed
3. Should be a Grade 12 HUMSS student
4. Students age 18; and
5. Able to share their thoughts and experience during the interview.
The Sampling Method
For the interview, five students were purposively selected from the Grade 12
Humanities and Social Sciences.
Purposive sampling is a non- probability sample that was selected based on
characteristics of a population and the objective of the study. Purposive sampling is also
known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling.
The Instrument
Data will be collected through questionnaire made up of 5 essay questions and
was split into two sections; A and B where A was covered with questions about social
media and B covered their answers.
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Permission of the participants will be sought for the use of records before the
start of the data gathering. Answers were categorized according to the theme and
subthemes.
Data Gathering Procedure
In this study, the research procedure began with securing permission to conduct
the study. There were 5 participants who were chosen to answer the questionnaire. The
researchers clarified all the instructions to the respondents. The participant answered the
questionnaire at their most convenient time.
Aliases were used for each student. All the written documents that linked
student alias was kept locked in a filing cabinet and would remain there for three years
before all of them would be shredded.
Data Analysis and Interpretation
The student’s responses on their excessive use to social media were gathered,
analyzed and interpreted. Thematic analysis is a flexible data analysis plan that
qualitative researchers used to generate themes from the data. This approach was flexible
that there was no specific research design associated with thematic analysis; it can be
utilized for case studies, phenomenology generic qualitative and narrative inquiry (Braun
& Clarke, 2013).
The entire interviews from the five respondents were analyzed and interpreted.
After which the proponent identified the emerging themes. Then each theme was
confirmed by looking for enough supportive data. If the data was insufficient, the theme
was discarded.
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After identifying the emergent themes, the connections across the themes were
sought. Similar themes were grouped together in order to create an overarching theme.
Once all the transcripts were analyzed, recurrent themes were identified and explained in
narrative form.
REFERENCE
Al-Menayes, J.J.(2015). Dimensions of Social Media Addiction among university

students in kuwait. Psychology and behavior science. (4)1, pp.23-28.
Aleksander, S. (2019). How much time do People Spend On Social Media In 2020.
Retrieved from https://techjury.net.how-much-time-do-people-spend-on-social-
media-in-2020.
Dabbagh, n., &Reo, R. (2001). Impact to web 2.0 on higher education. In D. W, Surry,
T., Sefurak, &R. cray (Eds.) technology integration in higher education;
social l and organization aspects pp.23-28.
Davis, J. (2016). Social Media. Retrieved from

http://doi.org/10.2002/9781118541555.wbiepc004
Dollarhide, M. (2019). Social Media definition. Retrieved from

http//www.investopidia.com/term/s/social media asp.
Digitalvidya (2018). Retrieved from https://www.digitalvidya.com>what-are-the-

different-types of-social-media?.
Goodin, T,(2018). Social Media addiction. Retrieved from

http://www.itstimetologoff.com/digital-addiction /social-media-addiction
18
Gorzig, A. & Frumkin, L.A. (2013). Cyberbullying experiences on-the-go: when social
media can be distressing. Cyberphsycology :journal of psychosocial research on
cyberspace.
Graaf, S. (2015). Social media. Retrieved from

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118767771.wbiedcs087
Hallard, M. (2016). Social Media. Retrieved from

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect148.
Asana, A. (2019). How Much Time Do People Spend On Social Media in 2019?.
Retrieved from https://www.socialmediatoday.com>how-much-time-do-
people-spend//-on-social- media-in-2019
Kakkar, G. (2018) . what are the different types of social media?Retrieved from
http://www.digitalvidya.com/blog/types-/of-//social-/media.html.
Shadownet (2018). 5 Negative And 5 Positive Effects Of Social Media On Youth
. Retrieved from https:// www. shadownet.com>5// negative-and-5-/-
positive-effects-of-social- media-on-youth//.
Stober. E. (2016). 5 Problems with social media. Retrieved from
http://www.theodysseyonline.com/problems-with-social-media
Sutter, J. D. (2010). Text, maps battles Haiti Cholera Outbreak. Retrieved from
https://www.cnn.com/2010/Tech/innova on/10/29/haiti.cholera.tech/index.html.
Winneba, S. (2013). The Impact of Social Media. Retrieved from
https://ijikm.uitm.edu.html
Westerman, D., Spence, P., DerHeide, B.V. (2013). Social Media as Information Source:
Regency of Updatesand Credibilityof Information. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.1204/
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Research Instrument
Questions:
1. What social media sites are you subscribed to?
2. Why did you join these social media platforms?
3. How much time do you spend on social media daily?
4. How often do you check your likes and notification online?
5. How often do you sleep late at night due to social media use?
6. Did your grades or school work suffer because of the amount of time you spend online?
7. Do other people complain to you about the amount of time you spend online?
8. How did social media help you in your everyday living?
9. As a student what are the effects of social media to you?
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10. As a student why do you use social media excessively?
21

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Republic of the Philippines

Background of the Study

an encyclopedia of easily accessible information.

information, and can be useful for that person anytime.

communication, collaboration, and creative expression and is often interchangeable with

sharing websites; 17.4% used social bookmarking tools.

professional responsibilities which ultimately lead to poor academic performance. In the

ever-changing internet landscapes parents often lack a basic understanding of their

Statement of the Problem and Assumptions

Specifically, it sought to answer the following question:

1. What were the effects of social media to students?

2. Why did students excessively use social media?

3. How would social media influence the student’s behavior?

Based on the specific question above, an assumption had been made:

Social media may be an adverse effect on human behavior because of gratification

According to (McQuail, 2005), the Users and Gratification theory is generally

seen as a theory that is closely linked to research on media effects. It is an approach to

the effects the media had on people.

Media Systems Dependency theory (MSD) has served as a theoretical foundation

Dependency theory regards audience as an active part in the communication process.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Figure 1: Conceptual diagram that shows the relationship of the independent

variable and dependent variable.

Significance of the Study

This study will be significant to the following:

for their children.

damage of the false sense of intimacy created by social media.

The following terms were defined conceptually and operationally to provide

better understanding and interpretation of the terms used in the study.

Excessive. Refers to going beyond what is usual, normal or proper (Merriam

Student. Refers to a person who attends a school, college or university and

studies something (Merriam Webster, 2019).

Social media. Refers to a form of electronic communication through which

(Merriam Webster, 2019).

stress reliever to ease their boredom.

Scope and Limitation

study started on November to March 2020.

excessively used social media.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

information to reinforce facts pertinent to the present studies.

What is Social Media?

Social media is a computer-based technology which facilitates the sharing of

communities (Dollarhide, 2019).

The term social media is an Internet-based services that facilitate social

private life (Davis, 2016).

Types of Social Media Platforms

different kinds of products and services that they have used.

Advantages of Social Media

members, finding new friends, obtaining or showing materials, receiving updates of

events, posting information and whiling away time (Winneba, 2013).

Social media are increasingly being used as an information source, including

water source during this outbreak (Sutter, 2010).

Another advantage of social media is for socialization which is a lifelong process

effects on socialization have been identified in research in developmental psychology,

from it for entertainment purposes (Brown, n.d).

Disadvantages of Social Media

Information is overwhelming, as there are lots of people now on social media

lead to serious stress, anxiety and depression (Qoura.com, 2017).

person, and then find out it is a complete lie (Strober, 2016).

the line into unlawful or criminal behavior (Stop bullying.gov, 2017).

The amount or level of something as excessive, is more or higher than is necessary

or reasonable. It is also exceeds what is usual, proper, necessary, or normal (Collins

Something that is extra usually in a negative way. Beyond what is typical or