Which of the following
It is used for identification of
In a precipitation reaction,
how can the ideal antibody
be characterized?
Precipitation differs from
agglutination in which way?
When soluble antigens
diffuse in a gel that contains
antibody, in which zone does
optimum precipitation occur?
Which of the following
statements apply to rate
nephelometry?
Which of the following is
characteristic of the
end-point
method of RID?
In which zone might an
antibody-screening test be
false negative?
How does measurement of
turbidity differ from
nephelometry?
Which of the following refers
to the force of attraction
between an antibody and a
single antigenic
determinant?
Immunofixation
electrophoresis differs from
imunoelectrophoresis in
which way?
If crossed lines result in an
Ouchterlony immunodiffusion
reaction with antigens 1 and
2, what does this indicate?
Which technique represents
a single-diffusion reaction?
Which best describes the
law of mass action?
Agglutination of dyed
bacterial cells represents
which type of reaction?
If a single IgM molecule can
bind many more antigens
than a molecule of IgG,
which of the following is
higher?
Agglutination inhibition could
best be used for which of the
following types of antigens?
.
High affinity and high avidity
Precipitation involves a soluble
antigen, whereas agglutination
involves a particulate antigen.
Zone of equivalence
Readings are taken before
equivalence is reached, It is
more sensitive than turbidity,
and Measurements are time
dependent
Concentration is directly in
proportion to the square of the
diameter.
Prozone
Nephelometry measures light
that is scattered at an angle.
Affinity
In immunofixation
electrophoresis, antibody is
directly
applied to the gel instead of
being placed in a trough.
The two antigens are unrelated.
Radial immunodiffusion
The equilibrium constant is
related to strength of
antigen–antibody binding.
Direct agglutination
Avidity
Soluble haptens
correctly describes reverse antigens.
passive agglutination?
Reactions involving IgG may . It may be too small to produce
need to be enhanced for lattice formation.
which reason?
For which of the following Agglutination inhibition
tests is a lack of
agglutination a positive
reaction?
Typing of RBCs with reagent Direct hemagglutination
antiserum represents which
type of reaction?
In a particle-counting The patient has a large amount
immunoassay using reagent of antigen present.
antibody attached to latex
particles, if the particle count
in solution is very low, what
does this mean about the
presence of patient antigen?
Which of the following The concentration of patient
statements accurately analyte is inversely proportional
describes competitive to bound label.
binding assays?
How do heterogeneous Heterogeneous assays require
assays differ from a separation step.
homogeneous assays?
In the following equation, . 3:1
what is the ratio of bound
radioactive antigen (Ag*) to
bound patient antigen (Ag)?
12Ag* + 4Ag + 4Ab → : Ag*
Ab + AgAb + Ag* + Ag
Which of the following . Requires two wash steps
responses characterizes a
capture or sandwich enzyme
assay?
Which of the following is an Decrease in hazardous waste
advantage of enzyme
immunoassay over RIA?
Which of the following is Microbial antigens can be
characteristic of direct rapidly identified by this method
fluorescent assays?
Which of the following is true Large molecules polarize more
of fluorescence polarization light than smaller molecules.
immunoassay?
A fluorescent substance is light energy is absorbed and
best described as one in converted to a longer
which wavelength.
In a noncompetitive enzyme Washing steps were
immunoassay, if a negative incomplete.
control shows the presence
of color, which of the
following might be a possible
explanation?
Which of the following best A chemical is oxidized to
characterizes produce light.
chemiluminescent assays?
Immunofluorescent assays
may be difficult to interpret
for which reason?
Which statement best
describes flow-through
immunoassays?
Which of the following is
characteristic of an indirect
enzyme immunoassay?
In a homogeneous enzyme
immunoassay, which best
describes the enzyme?
In an indirect
immunofluorescent assay,
what would be the outcome
of an improper wash after
the antibody-enzyme
conjugate is added?
. In a heterogeneous
enzyme immunoassay, if the
patient sample produces
more color than the highest
positive control, what action
should be taken?
The Label that is attached in
the monoclonal antibody
used in
immunochromatography
Machine used to measure
radioactivity
What are the substances
that can be used as labels
for immunoassay?
Matching Type
Hydatid disease
Brucellosis
Trichinosis
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Scarlet fever
Diphtheria
All of the following may
contribute to autoimmunity
except
Which of the following would
Autofluorescence of substances
in serum b. Nonspecific binding
to serum proteins c. Subjectivity
in reading results d. Any of the
above
They are designed for
point-of-care testing.
Color is directly proportional to
the amount of patient antigen
present.
Enzyme activity is directly
proportional to the amount of
patient antigen present.
Results will be falsely increased.
Dilute the patient sample
Colloidal gold
Scintillation Counter
- Fluorophores
- Enzymes
- Radioactive isotopes
- Answer: all of the
above
Casoni Intradermal Skin test
Brucellergin skin test
Bachman Intradermal Test
Frei test
Dick test
Schick test
a. clonal deletion of
self-reactive T cells.
b. molecular mimicry.
c. increased expression of
class II MHC antigens.
d. polyclonal activation of B
cells.
a. SLE
be considered an
organ-specific autoimmune
disease?
SLE can be distinguished from
RA on the basis of which of
the following?
Which of the following would
support a diagnosis of
drug-induced lupus?
A speckled pattern of staining
of the nucleus on IIF may be
caused by which of the
following antibodies?
Which of the following would
be considered a significant
finding in Graves' disease?
Destruction of the myelin
sheath of axons caused by the
presence of antibody is
characteristic of which
disease?
Blood was drawn from a
25-year-old woman with
suspected SLE. A FANA
screen was performed, and a
speckled pattern resulted.
Which of the following actions
should be taken next?
Which of the following is a
mechanism used to achieve
peripheral tolerance?
Epitope spreading refers to
Anti-CCP (cyclic citrullinated
proteins) is specifically
associated with which
autoimmune disease?
Which autoantibodies are
b. RA
c. GPA
d. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
a. Joint pain
b. Presence of anti-nuclear
antibodies
c. Immune complex formation
with activation of complement
d. Presence of anti-dsDNA
antibodies
a. Anti-histone antibodies
b. Antibodies to Smith antigen
c. Presence of RF
d. Antibodies to SS-A and
SS-B antigens
a. Anti-dsDNA
b. Antibody to histones
c. Centromere antibody
d. Anti-SS-A/Ro antibody
a. Increased TSH levels
b. Antibody to TSH receptor
c. Decreased T3 and T4
d. Anti-thyroglobulin antibody
a. Multiple sclerosis
b. Myasthenia gravis
c. Graves' disease
d. Anti-glomerular basement
membrane disease
a. Report out as diagnostic for
SLE.
b. Report out as drug-induced
lupus.
c. Perform an assay for
specific ANAs.
d. Repeat the test.
a. Negative selection of
autoreactive T cells in the
thymus
b. Apoptosis of autoreactive B
cells in the bone marrow
c. Editing of B-cell receptors
that weakly recognize
self-antigens in the bone
marrow
d. Lack of a costimulatory
signal to autoreactive T cells
in the lymph nodes
a. post-translational
modifications to self-antigens.
b. modifications in gene
expression that are not caused
by changes in DNA sequence.
c. expansion of the immune
response to unrelated
antigens.
d. cross-reaction of the
immune response to a
pathogen with a similar
self-antigen.
a. Rheumatoid arthritis
b. Myasthenia gravis
c. Autoimmune hepatitis
d. Systemic sclerosis
a. ANA