‘TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAL HOC KHANH HOA tapchikhoahoc@ukhveduyn XAC DINH HAM LUQNG MOT SO KIM LOALNANG TRONG DAT BANG PHUONG PHAP TRAC QUANG L& Céng Hoan, Ng6 Thi Uyén Tuyen Trcémg Dai hoe Khéinh Hida ‘Tom tit: Ham ligne ccc kim logi nang Kém (Zn) va Ding (Cu) trong cdc mau dat néng aghigp tt trang tim ing dng céng nghé sinh hoe va Moi trwimg cia Traimg Bex hoc Khinh Hoa deve xac dink bang phueong hap phan tich pho hdp thu phan ne UV-Vis (phuomg php irdc quang). Ham lume (mag dt kid) kim loai Zn vd Cu trong ba mw dit (Ri higu MBI, MB2, MP3) tong, ing la (80.7s1.9): (7201.3); (61.2+1.2) vi (25.1-0.9);(29.8+1.0); (20.3+-0.6). Ham long céc kim loai nay dé nd trong. g161 han cho phép cia kim loai ang trong ai nong nghiép theo Qt ve mat tring. ‘hudin kp thudt qude gia (QCVN 03-MT-2015/BINMD) cia BO ti nguyen ‘Tirkhoa: kim loai nang, dt nong nghiep, phueong phép trée quang (UV-Vis), 1. Me au ‘Ging véi sw phat trign Khoa hoc ki thuat, sy phat trign céng nghigp sin xuit, ché bien tao ra nhieu loat vat liga méi, nhim nang cao di sing vat chit cia con ng. Bén canh dé vin 42 6 nhigm méi trrong dang duge bao ding va ney céng tré nén trim trong hon, Cac nha may, xi nghigp, xuéng_ sin wut, phuong tign giao théng, sin xudt ndng nghigp va sinh hoat hang ngay cua con ngubi da thai ra mdi trudng Iuong noe thai, Khi that cha cde kim loa ning nw Cu", Pb", Zn, Ca, Hg", Ne ..vw gy 6 nhigm nghiém ong ngubn nude, dt, anh bug trv tiép dén sire khde con nguii. Khée véi cae chit hniu co, kim loai n8ng khi duge thai vio mai maing thudng tn tg lu di trong dit, nude, tiém an ri ro i vao co thé con ngudi qua cdc chub thie fn, Qua chi thite , kim loai ning tich ty dn va én lie 5 néng d9 dit lon thi c6 thé gay d6c cho co thé, c6 nguy eo g4y ra nhiéu bénh hiém nghéo cho chon ngudi [I]. Do vay, nghién ctu nhim bao ve moi trudng sing va cing chink la bao vé site koe con gui dang dugc cdc nha Kinoa hoc hét se quan ‘8m, ‘Truémg Dai hoe Khinh Hoa 6 khu dat néng nghi voi dign tich 9.5 ha tai x4 Sudi Cat, buygn Cam Lam, tinh Khanh Hoa. Trong.dé 6 khong 7 ha dit dang duge siz dung dé san xuat néng nghigp, chit yeu la cdc loai ning sin nhu mia, cdy an qua, cat loai rau ci, hoa mau cung cdp cho thi twig tén dia ban tinh vi phuc vu cho eBng tie nghign cu Khoa hoc cia cin bd ging vign va sinh vién cia Tring, Trnimg Bai hoe Khanh Hoa cling dang dy cng db 2 an “Xéy dug trung tim nghién citu, trai nghiém sng tao va koi nghigp train Dai hoe Khanh Hoa” tién dign tch khu dit ni tuén, Trong d® an, mot phan lon dia ich dit réa duge quy boach trong tot Cay nding nghigp, phue vu cho myc dich nghién ci, trai nghiém sing lao va kh nghigp cho ging vién va sinh vign trang Bai hoe Khanh Héa, Do vay, vige ngbién ciu, danh gid méitruemg noi chung va Kiko sit him Iuong cde kim loai ning trong, dt La cap thidt. é nhitu phuong phip dé xie dit harm lage. kim toai ning trong dit nhs phuong phap quang phd pit xa nguyen tr (ICP/AFS) [57], phuong php quang phd hip thy aguyén ts [8,9}, phuong phip Von — Ampe héa tan [7]. Tuy nhién, cae phuong phap trén doi hai thiét bi may moc hign dai, dat tién. Do vay, mt 38 tée gi dng sit dung phuomg phip tric quang dé xac dinh ham luong kim loai ning [6] rong bai bio nay, ching tis dung phuong php phi tich phd hip thy phan nt (phuong phap trac quang UV-Vis) dé xée diah ham ong ca hai kim Toai nang phd bién la Zn va Cu trong miu die noi ‘uén, So chon hai Kim loa nay vi Za va Cu la cde kim loai ning, néu néng d6 cba n6é vit gigi han cho. phép sé gy 6 mhilm dt, gin tip s& gy hai cho ey trdng vd sinh vt si dung fy. tng. d6, Noung ching lil nguyén 6 vi lum ht see hit cho cay ting, Néw lung Zo, Cu trong di, de bigt la dang. d& hoa tan ma thigu byt thi edn b6 sung cho dt, nhim dim bao ning suit cho ey trong [8]2. Thue nghigm ‘Trong nghién ciu nay ching t61 xe dink kém tong sé va ding tag strong dit theo phuong phi Holmes va Samdel, tte st dung phuong phip chiét trie quang ding dung, dich ditizone lam dung méi chit [4 2.1. Ha chit hiét 21. Ke dink kém (ny tng sb + Cac dung dich chun Zx?, Cu" duge pha ché ti dung dich chun ge ndng d6 1000 ppm (Merck) vi ruse et ai Fin Dung dich fm amoni xitat: Hoa tan 225 gam amon tral vio | it nude, sit dung binh chift 6 lung ich 4 it, thon cite NHLOH dm dc cho én pH-8.S Ghoang 40-45 mL). Chidt mi lin 20 mL. dung dich éithzone trong CC cho din Khi pha btu 6 66 mau xanh ley, pha nude 6 mau da eam = Cecbon tetra elomua CCl, dang PA. = Dung dich ithizone: Hoa tan 0,2 gam diphenyl thigcarbazone(dithizone) trong I it CCle, dng bink chit dung th 4 lit vi Hae nbe lin te 15 phi Thém 2 lit dung dich NHOH 002N va ehiét dlithizone vo pha nude bing cich lic manh va chiét ‘dung dich véi mdi lin 50 ml. dung. dich CCls cho dn khi phn chide tenn xan trong, Thém 500 ml. dung dich CCL, va 50 mL dung dich HC 0,1N. Lie va Toai bo lap née pha loing dén 2 lit bing CC dng dung dich nay trong lo thay tinh nu, Thém Libp vio lp 25 mL nube di bio ba SO» = Dung dich carbamate: Hoa tan 2,5 gam nats diphens| dithiocarbamate trong | lit nade edt 2 la, le vi bi Tin 50 mL CCl loi b6 Cu, Sau 48 loai bd CCly = Dung dich diet dithio carbamate: Ha tan 0,2 gam diets dithiocarbamate trong 100 mL nude, cho ‘ao binh chit, hie niu Lin v6i $ mL. CCls cho tach hide Cu, bao quan trong bong ti Chi th ma bromthimol xan 0.04% (wv) = Dung dich kali iodua (KI); Héa tan 10 g KI tong 490 mL nage. Thém 5 mL HCI dim die vi 5 mL ddung dich NaySO; 0,05M, lie véi nhigw lan 10 mL. ddung dich ithizono cho dn khi Khng thay sy d3i ‘mau cia thuGe tht, chuyén qua lie vét CCls lai be dithizone tia = Dung dich phenolialein 1% tong etanol 90%. ~ Miy quang ph hip tho phn tr Speetrophotometer QP DR 5000 2.2, Phucamg php ly mi, xt lf miu va phan tch du 4) Tdy maid va xr mai: Mu dt duge Ub theo TTCVN 5297 : 1995. Méi miu dit duge lay la miu ign rng, 6 hop 15 diém thu thap tai ede vi ti kha hau (cach hai bén bé khoang 15 m va ¢ gitra thita dit rn thia dit khoang 2 ha, Mi vi ti duge do sdu khoang 20 cm so vdi lp bé mat (khoding sdu cia 1 cy hoa mau), Idy Khong I kg dit cho vio ti nilon sach, 6 migag kin. Cae mau dit duge phoi kh6, trn déu sau do dem nghién nhé, ray trén ray inox kich thuse 15 2 mm, cho dit vio ti nilon aho, 6 migng kin bao quan ding lim mu phan tich [2] Ching titi hah Ldy md tn ba thita it Khe hau (khie nhau vé d5 cao, thiah phin dit va doe ngin eich nhaw bing ba it) vi duge ki higu la MDI, MB2 va MD3. Viti cde miu dét MBI o pia «qudc 16, o6 thinb phn dit thie nbidu; MD2 & ita, 6 thanh phn dit thit pha edt va MBS gin Sudi Diu, o6 thinh phn abu ct hon 2) Chun bi dng dich chun Phan tich Zn. Ding pipet lay mot thi tch dung, dich chuin cho vao binh chiét 125 mL dmg sin dung dich dm moni xitrat, Thém vai giot phenolfialein va ahs tim giot dung dich NHLOH cho dén khi dung dich chuyén gua miu hing (pH-8.-8,5). Chiét Zn nhiéu lin, mBi lan 10 mL dung dich dithizone cho dén ki pha nude e6 miu da cam la kém d& dege chidt het Chiét pha nude thém moe lan nda bing $ mL CCl. nguyén chit, Logi bo pha nude va gom pha hhiu eo vo mt binh ehiétsach, Lic 2 phat véi SO mL. dung dich HCI 0,02M, ich pha hitu co va nia 6p nude mét lin vei Clu. Thém vio do 5 mL dung dich dim itt va 2 giot chi thi phonolfaein, sho ‘img giot dung dich NH.OH cho dn khi dung dich chuyén qua mau héng nhat. Thém 10 mL thube thi dithizone va 10 mL thube dir carbamate, lie 4 pit ‘va dé yén cho tach pha, loai bo pha nude, lay pha Inu cova tb voi 25mL. NH,OH 0,01M trong 2 pit 1 cho tach pha nude NH:OH 0,01M, Ding pipet ly chinh xc 5 mL dung dich chiét Zn-dithizone ‘mau dé tim cho vao diah mite 25m, thém CCl. én vach vi do mit dB quang, ‘Day dung dich chuan dé xéy dymg duémg chuan co ning da: 0.50 mg/m; 1.00 mgim.; 150 mgm; 2,00 mgimL; 2.50 mg/mL; 3.00 mgimL. Mau tring dduge chuin bj nhu mau phiin tich nhung khong chira cation Zn” Phin sch Cu: Dung pipet lay m6t thé tich dung dich chuin cho vio binh chiét 125 mL dmg sin dung dich Gm moni xitat. Thém SmL dung dich dém amon tat vi vai git chi thi mau bromothymol xanh, dgu chinh pH=2,5 bing NOH. Thém 5 mL. dlung dich ithizone va lic 5 ph, tién hinh chide 2 Jin va tach pha CCl, va gom vio mét binh chiét sac Thém 10 mL. dung dich KI vio ya Ke 2 phi dé tach cc ion can tr nur BE. Chuyén pha hi oo sang Dinh chiét khéc va tich dithizone bing eich lie T phat véi SO ml dung dich NH,OH 001M 3Chuyén dung dich chia dng vo ee 100 ml. va thé 0.5mL HNO; dim dic va cd gin can, cho thim 0.5 mL anit HCO, 60% va cd tgp cho dén gin kh6, Hoa tan cin bing mat it dung dich HICI va chuyén dung dich vio mt binh chigt va digu chinh pH=8,5 bing dung dich NH.OH (chi thi phenolfialein, Thém § mL dung dich carbamate va 10 mL CCly, lie 3 phit 191 dé ling, loai bs pha nud, lay pha CCl, dé do mat d6 quang, Day dung dich chuin dé xiy dung ding chun c6 ndng 46 li: 0.25 mgimL; 0.50 mgimL: 1.00 mgimL; 1.50 mgm; 2.00 mg/m; 2,50 mgimL. Mi tring duge chuin bj nhur miu phn tich hung khong chira cation Cu” Te ditkhd 100mLHcLone | CGh vidibizons, | [ CGh vadihizone Hes ate z Fin awe Pia Co ta. T cevla sao, ache fixo ky rs moe Be col T Lega radon NiLgH O.oIN 240 lag ae Pia cel Dithizone: carbamate, Céngphdanit BEES Dung dich HCL es 1 CCL + carbamate, Pia Col cainke85 Nmonoom ee 8 Tia cel Tia COL cui 400m Ztg 535m Hinh 1. Sod xae dink Zn vi Cu tng sé ong dt 6) Chui bi mau phan ich Cong ph mau: Cav | gam mau dit kh6 dd qua riy 0,20 mm v6i hén hop axit HCIO; va HF. Cin duge hia tan bing 5 mL dung dich HCl 6M vi pha Jodng bing nude &én 50 mL. Chuén bi, dung dich phon tick: Mu phn tich dag chun bj theo so due trinh bay nb hin 118) 3. Két qua va thio luja 4.1. Xdy dong phuomg trink dicing chudn Cie dung dich chun e6 ning 45 tuong ting, véi ting phép xac dinh néng d5 cation kim loai duge trinh bay trong mye 2.2.) duge pha tr dung dich 8c 66 néng d5 1000 ppm (Merck) véi mde ot hai lin. Sau d5 do mit & quang Abs tai bude song 2.°535 nm (ddi v6i phép phin tich Zn) va 2-400 1am, (di v6i phép phn tch Cu) tén may quang pphé hap thu phan tir Spectrophotometer QP DR. 500 ta thu duge K&t qua ime voi ting nguyéa «6 Zn va Cu due cho 6 Bang.at 4} quang (Abs) cin diy chuiin xée dinh cie nguyen té kim loai {Kem Nong 49 (mgimL) [050 [100 [150 | 200 | 250 [3.00 2) | spec quane (avs) 0195 | 0207 | 0365 | 0679 | 0759 | v9 Ning dé (mg/l) 0250 [0500 1.000 | 1500 | 2.000 2500 Cea | sratasquang (abs. 0145 | 0209 | 0395 | osas | 0692 | osre “Tie gid tri mat d6 quang thu duce & bang 1, ta xiy dymg due 46 thi va phwomg trib duimg chun xac din cdc nguyén 18 Zn vi Cu (cho & Hinh 2a) va Hinh 2. b)). os Zo ing ne) y=03732%+ 0.0597 =09986 Mat 66 quane (Abs) 2 a Ning 66 (g/t) Hi 24 BB thj dung chun xde diab Zn DB thi cc dutmg chuain déu tuyén tinh trong khoang néng 46 khdo sat voi d6 tuomg thich cao (R'=0.9911 bi voi Zn va R-0,9986 dBi vi Cu, Hoh 2b 8 thi duimg chun xée dia Cu “Tw dé thi va phuong tinh duimg chuéo, tién hin do mat d6 quang (Abs) déi voi cae mau phn tich theo cde didu kign nhw tn ta thu duge kée qua phin tich duge trinh bay 6 Bang 2 ‘Baing 2: Két qui him hong kim loai ning Zn via Cu trong dit saa Kit qua Gnaike Grkhsy Se ‘Thong 99 MDL MD2 Mp3 QCVN [3] 7 Kim Wa) WIS | 03 | ADI 200 z Ding (Cu) 3.1009) 29810 | 203406 100 “Ti Kat qua phn tich cho thay, him Iugmg. cde kim loai xdc dink Zn va Cu trong ba mau dat néng nghigp thy tr Trung tim “Une dung edng nghé sinh ‘hoe va Méi trang” ea Trrémg Bai hoc Khinh Hoa. tai xd Sudi Cat, huyén Cam Lim, tinh Khanh Hoa du thlp hon nhidu s0 vi gidi han cho phép theo QCWN [3]. Cu thé, hen heong Zn dao dng trong -odng 51% (bi voi MD3) dé 40% (€8i véi MDT) so V6i gidi han cho phép va him lwong Cu dao ding. ‘trong khoang 20% (doi voi MD3) dén 30% (46i voi ‘MD2) so voi gidi han cho phép. “Te kat qua 46 ching ta King din ring ba mau dat trén hod toan khéng bi 6 nhiém kim loai ning, an ‘ton cho muc dich sir dung lam dat néng nghiép. et qua cing cho thiv ham lung cae kim loai Za slam dan tir MDI (80.7%) dén MDI (61.2%), Digu ny cing co thé suy dodn miu MDS o gn Su6i Du thom, ede kim loai nang dé bi nia ti boi la lut hang nam, hoe nude subi ding cao. Digu nay cing phi hhop khi MBS than phin cit nhidu hon so voi bai MDI vi MD2, Tuy nin, kim log Zn tn ta trong dtd dang 68 hoa tan la hing ding ké [4] [aug lai, ham Ione, cia Cu trong MP2 Iai tung d6i cao hon (29.8 mg/kg dat khé) so vi MDI (25.1 mgikg dat khd) va MD3 (20.3 mg/kg dat khé), Khdng theo quy Iuét bin d8i theo hung te qude 16 dén gan subi Ditu niy cdng o6 thé khing diab ring cdc kim loai 2a vi Cu tén ti tong dit dud dang ede Khoa, ob sin trong thinh phn cia dit ma khéng bi ahiém tt chat thai ca moi emg bén ngoi. Nhu véy, theo cfc thang s6 vé ham luong cde kim Joai nig xe dink doe th dit tai tung tim Ung ddyng cng nghé sinh hoc va M6i ving cba Trung ai hoe Khinh Hoa an toin d& eanh tie, sin xslt néng nghiép, 4. Két ia DS xic dinh duoe bam luong kim loai ning kém_ 2a) va ding (Cu) tng 36 tong dit ndng nghigp tai ‘Trung tim mg dung céng nghé sinh hoc va Méi 5truing cia Truimg Dai hoe Kin Ha, tai X4 Sudi Cit, huygn Cam Lim, tinh Khanh Hoa bing phuong phip chiét ~ trie quang v6i bing thube thi dithizons Hiam lugng cic km loi Zn va Cu tong dit xie dia dzge thip hon nhigu so véi gigi han cho php theo QCWN 03 ~ MT: 2015/BTNMT vé gigi han cho php cia mt sé kim log nding wong dit, 2015 cia 6 Tai nguyén va M6i nung. Gif td dao dng ti 20% dén 30% so vig han cho php i v6i Zn vi 30% din 40% so vi gg han cho phep dBi vi (Cu. Do vay, dit tai Trng tim img dung cng nghé sinh hoc va Méi trudng ciia Throng Dai hoc Khanh Hoa an toan dé sin xuat néng nghiép dua vao tiéu chi ham lugng kim loai ning xac dinh duge. TALLIBU THAM KHAO 1. Bing Dinh Bach,, Neuyn Van Ha, Gidotrinh Héa hoc mai maimg. NXB Khoa hoe vi KS that Hi Néi, 2006 2. Tiga chun Vigt Nam (TCVW 5297 ; 1995): Chi long dt Ldy mau - Yew cd chung. 3. Bé Tai nguyén va Mai trugng. OCVN 03 ~ MT° 2015/BTNMT vé gidt han cho phép cia mét sd kam loai ning trong dt, 2015. 4. Vign th hung ndng hoa. Si tay phn toh Dd ~ Nib - Pn bin ~ Cy tring. NXB Nag nghigp Hi Nai, 1998, Neuyén Thi Lan Huong (2014), Nghién cw him long Cu, Pb, Zn trong dit ndng nghiép do dnh huéng cita muri twin séng Nhué, Tap chi Khoa hoc k¥ thuat thay loi va mdi truémg, s6 45, Tr. 84-89. 6. Ding Kim Tai (2017), “Nghién ciw ie dinh chi trong dt 6 thanh phd Cao Lan, tinh Ding Thip bing phucomg php chiét—trde quang’, Tap chi khoa hoe, Trudng Dai hoc Tra Vinh, so 25, tr 56-59, 7. Hassan Sereshti, Yeganeh Entezari Heravi & Sobeila Samadi (2012), Optimized ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction for simultaneous trace multielement determination of heavy metals in real water samples by ICP-OES, Talanta, 97, 235-241 8. Mel ang Ghaedi, Farshid Ahmadi & Ardeshir Shokrollahi (2007), Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of copper, nickel, cobalt and lead tons content by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Joumal of Hazardous Materials, 142(1-2), 272-278, 8. Mustafa Tuzen (2003), Determination of heavy metals in soil, mushroom and plant samples by atomic absorption spectrometry, Microchemical Journal, 74(3), 289-297,DETERMINATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS CONTENTS IN SOIL SAMPLES BY MOLECULAR ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (UV-VIS). Lé Cig Hoan, Ngd Thi Uyén Tuyen Unwversty of Khanh Hoa Abstracts: The concentrations of two heavy metals (Zn and Cu) in agricultural soil samples at The Center for Applied Biotechnology and Environment - University of Khanh Hoa were determined by molecular absorption spectrometry (UV-Vis) method. The results obtained revealed that the mean heavy metals concentrations for Zn and Cu in three soils (sign MBI, MD2, MD3) were (80,71.9): (72,01.3): (61,261.2) va (25.1409) (29.8:1.0); (20,3106). The levels of metals in soit collected from all the sampling sites was found 10 within ‘within the prescribed limits by National Technical regulations (Code number: QCVN 03-MI-2015/BINMI) of ‘Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Keywords: heany metal, agricultural sol, molecular absorption spectrophotometer (UV-Vis)