TST1501

DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

MACAULAY’S METHOD OF ANALYSIS

1. Using the Macaulay’s method, calculate the reaction and moment at A, for the encastre
beam loaded as shown in the figure, draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams.

10 kN

10 kN/m

A B

3m 2m 1m

SOLUTION

10kN
10kN/m
MA MB

A
B
3m 2m
1m

VA x VB

At section x from left hand side: -10(x-5)(x-5)/2

10 ( x − 3) 2 10 ( x − 5)
2
d2y
Mx = EI 2 = V A x − M A − 10 ( x − 3) − +
dx 2 2
10 ( x − 3) 10 ( x − 3) 10 ( x − 5)
2 2 3 3
dy V A x
EI = − M Ax − − + +A
dx 2 2 6 6
10( x − 3) 3 10(x − 5)
3
VA x 2
= − M A x − 5(x − 3) − + +A
2

2 6 6

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DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

V A x 3 M A x 2 5( x − 3) 3 10(x − 3)4 10(x − 5)4

EIy = − − − − + Ax + B
6 2 3 24 24

At x = 0, dy/dx = 0, therefore, A = 0

At x = 0, y = 0, therefore, B = 0

At x = 6, dy/dx = 0, therefore,

10(3) 10(1)
3 3
36V A
0= − 6 M A − 5(3) 2 − +
2 6 6
0 = 18V A − 6 M A − 45 − 45 + 1.67
18V A − 6 M A = 88.33 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −(1)

At x = 6, y =0, therefore,

216V A 36M A 5(3) 3 10(3) 4 10(1) 4

0= − − − +
6 2 3 24 24
0 = 36V A − 18M A − 45 − 33.75 + 0.42
36V A − 18M A = 78.33 − − − − − − − − − − − − − −(2)

18V A − 6M A = 88.33 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −(1) x 2

= 36V A − 12M A = 176.66 − − − − − − − − − −(3)

Substract (2) from (3)

= 36V A − 12 M A = 176 .66 − − − − − − − − − −(3)

36V A − 18 M A = 78 .33 − − − − − − − − − − − − − −(2)

6MA = 98.33
10kN
10kN/m
MA = 16.39 kNm MA MB

Subtitute MA in (1)
A
18VA - 6(16.39) =88.33 B
3m 2m
1m
18VA – 98.34 = 88.33
VA x VB

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DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

VA = 10.37 kN

V = 0 M B = 0
VA + VB = 10 + 20 10.37(6) − 16.39 − 10(3) − 20(2) + M B = 0
 VB = 30 − 10.37 = 19.63kN M B = 24.17kNm

10kN SHEAR FORCES

10kN/m S A = 10.37kN
MA MB
C D S C (left) = 10.37kN
S C (right) = 10.37 − 10 = 0.37kN
A S D = 10.37 − 10 − 20 = −19.63kN
B
3 2m S B = 10.37 − 10 − 20 = −19.63kN
1
m
m
VA x VB BENDING MOMENTS
BM A = −16.39kNm
BM C = −16.39 + (10.37)3 = 14.72kNm
10.37
BM D = −24.17 + 19.63(1) = −4.54kNm
SFD BM B = −24.17kNm

19.63

24.17
BMD 16.39

4.54

14.72

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DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

2. For a simple supported beam shown below, calculate the deflection under the loads using
Macaulay’s method. E = 200GPa and I = 30,000cm4

40kN 80kN

B C
x

A D
2m 5m 3m

SOLUTION

At section x from left hand side:

VA(10) – 40(8) – 80(3) = 0

VA (10) = 320+240
VA = 560/10 = 56 kN

d2y
Mx = EI = V A x − 40 ( x − 2) − 80 ( x − 7)
dx 2
dy V A x 2 40 ( x − 2) 2 80 ( x − 7) 2
EI = − − +A
dx 2 2 2

V A x 3 40( x − 2) 3 80(x − 7 )3
EIy = − − + Ax + B
6 6 6

At x = 0, y = 0, therefore, B = 0

At x = 10, y = 0, therefore,

56(10) 3 40(8) 3 80(3)

3
0= − − + 10 A
6 6 6
0 = 9333.33 − 3413.33 − 360 + 10 A
0 = 5560 + 10 A
A = −556

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DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

At x = 2 m (under 40kN)

56(2) 3
EIy = − 556(2)
6
EIy = 74.67 − 1112
− 1037.33
y= = −0.0173m
200 x10 6 x30000 x10 −8

At x = 7 m (under 80kN)

56(7) 3 40(5) 3
EIy = − − 556(7)
6 6
EIy = 3201.33 − 833.33 − 3892
− 1524
y= = −0.0254m
200 x10 x30000 x10 −8
6

3. Using the Macaulay’s method, calculate the deflection under the concentrated load and the
slope at C of a propped cantilever beam loaded as shown in the figure below in terms of EI.

20kN

10kN/m

A C
2m B 8m

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DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

SOLUTION 20kN

10kN/m
MA

A C
2m B 8m

VC
VA
At section x from left hand side:

d2y 10 x 2
Mx = EI = V A x − M A − 20 ( x − 2 ) −
dx 2 2
dy V A x 2
20( x − 2) 10 x 3
2
EI = − M Ax − − +A
dx 2 2 6

V A x 3 M A x 2 20( x − 2) 3 10( x ) 4
EIy = − − − + Ax + B
6 2 6 24

At x = 0, dy/dx = 0, therefore, A = 0

At x = 0, y = 0, therefore, B = 0

At x = 10, y = 0, therefore,

V A (10) 3 M A (10) 2 20(8) 3 10(10) 4

0= − − −
6 2 6 24

166.67VA - 50MA - 1706.67- 4166.67 = 0

166.67VA – 50MA = 5873.34

3.33VA – MA = 117.47

MA = 3.33VA – 117.47------------------------------------------------(1)

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DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

MC = 0
10V A − M A − 20(8) − 10(10)(5) = 0
10V A − M A = 660 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − (2)

Substitute (1) into (2)

10V A − (3.33V A − 117.47) = 660

10V A − 3.33V A + 117.47 = 660
6.67V A = 542.53
V A = 81.34kN

From (1)

MA = 3.33VA – 117.47

MA =3.33(81.34) – 117.47

MA = 153.39 kNm

At x = 2 m (under 20kN)

81.34( 2) 3 153.39( 2) 2 10( 2) 4

EIy = − −0−
6 2 24
EIy = 108.45 − 306.78 − 1.67
EIy = 200
200
y= m
EI

Slope at point C

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DISCUSSION CLASS EXERCISES 2023

dy 81.34(10) 2 20(8) 2 10(10) 3

EI = − 153.39(10) − −
dx 2 2 6
dy
EI = 4017 − 1533.9 − 640 − 1666.67
dx
dy
EI = 176.43
dx
dy 173.43
slope = = rad
dx EI