Broad Topic: Parenting.

Narrow Topic: Academic Achievement of Children in Georgetown secondary School and

Parental Involvement.

Type of Essay Expository

Purpose: The goal of this study is to determine the relationship between parental Involvement

and Children' academic achievement in Georgetown's secondary schools.

Research Question: Does parental involvement impact student achievement

New Research Questions

How does the involvement of parents impact the student's achievement in secondary

schools in Georgetown?

Thesis: Statement: Parents who exercise positive parenting skills do influence the positive

outcome in the academic achievement of children attending secondary schools in Georgetown

Introduction

● General statement about the effects of parental involvement.

● Defining the term Parental involvement and academic achievement.

● Parental involvement plays a role in the development of children’s academic achievement

(Areepattamannil, 2010).

● Parental involvement defines a combined effort of active participation and commitment

to a child’s education.
 ● Children who have parents that are actively involved in their education tend to achieve

more academically.

This active involvement leads to reduced absenteeism, increased interest of the child in their

learning and increased creativity.

Topic sentence 1.

Parent Involvement in children academic achievement leads to Reduced Absenteeism.

● Parent involvement in their children education has a increase in class performance where

as parent with low involvement students miss classes, their academic performance drops.

(Siziya,et.al.2021).

● Parents who support their children's educational development from a young age are

rewarded with their children's future academic success (Chonge, Barasa and Chonge et

al.2018).

● According to Jason A. Schoeneberger (2019) Parent that are involved with their children

academic has a 1 percent dropout rate then Parents that are not involved which has a

higher percent rate .

● Topic sentence 2

Parental involvement in a child’s education influences the child’s interest in their own education.

● Parental involvement increases the amount of time a child spends on their homework

(Epstein et al., as cited in Kiely et al., 2019).

 ● Positive attitudes of parenting contribute to an enhancement in a child’s attitude towards

their homework as well as increase their attentiveness in their work (Epstein et al., as

cited in Kiely et al., 2019).

● Parental involvement in homework is known to be a factor in student achievement and

success. (Gottman, 2019).

Topic sentence 3

Positive parenting encourages and motivates children to be creative in school.

● Parental participation gives children the chance to play pretend, have fun, and create their

own adventures; as a result, they learn from these activities, (Durisic & Bunijevac, 2017).

● Researchers have found that parenting styles with high involvement were positively

correlated with creativity whereas a parenting style with low involvement was negatively

correlated with creativity (Miller et al as cited by Li et al., 2021).

● The greater the parental participation, the greater the impact on the child's academic

progress.
Conclusion.

● Parents who exercise positive parenting skills do influence the positive outcome in the

academic achievement of children attending secondary schools in Georgetown

● Many parents practice positive parenting skills that influence the academic achievement

of children attending secondary schools in Georgetown.

● Parents involvement support schools by providing emotional. physical, psychological,

and social support for their child to do academically well.

Reference:

Areepattamannil, S. (2010) Parenting Practices, Parenting Style, and Children’s School

Achievement. Psychol Stud 55, 283–289 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-010-0043-0

Boonk, L., Gijselaers, H. J., Ritzen, H., & Brand-Gruwel, S. (2018). A review of the relationship

between parental involvement indicators and academic achievement. Educational Research

Review, 24, 10-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.02.001

Durisic, M & Bunijevac, M. (2017). Parental Involvement as an Important Factor for Successful

Education. CEPS Journal, 7(3), 137-153.

Guðlaug, G. (2010). Effects of Parental Involvement in Education: A Case Study in Namibia.

Unpublished PhD dissertation Faculty of Education Studies, University of Iceland.

Lara, L., & Saracostti, M. (2019). Effect of parental involvement on children’s academic

achievement in Chile. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1464.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01464

Masten, Ann S., and Andrew J. Barnes. (2018.) "Resilience in Children: Developmental

Perspectives" Children 5, no. 7: 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5070098

Okpala, U., & Okigbo, E. C. (2021). Effect of role-play method on secondary school students’

achievement in Chemistry. AJSTME, 6(2), 53-60.

Ritchie, G. M. (2018). The impact of academic co-curricular activity participation on academic

achievement: a study of catholic high school seniors. Seton Hall University.

Staff Reporter, (2022) Parents Need in Schools, Guyana Chronicle.

Stavrulaki, E., Li, M. & Gupta, J. (2021) Perceived parenting styles, academic achievement, and

life satisfaction of college students: the mediating role of motivation orientation. Eur J Psychol

Educ 36, 693–717 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-020-00493-2

Yavuzalp, N., Bahcivan, E.(2021). A structural equation modeling analysis of relationships

among university student's readiness for e-learning, self-regulation skills, satisfaction, and

academic achievement. RPTEL 16, 15 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-021-00162-y

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Parental-Involvement%2C-Engagement-and-Partnership-

in-O%E2%80%99Toole-Kiely/87d17267c549cc2baaf76c4726cb243a444f7646

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8855146/#:~:text=Other%20researchers

%20have%20found%20that,i.e.%2C%20authoritarian%20parenting%20style)%20was
Essay Begins here

Introduction

“Any child who is successful, and while you have some exceptions, the majority of them

have parents who support them and note I didn’t say rich parents,” the Minister of Education

Priya Manickchand quoted in expanding the knowledge of children via textbook distribution

(Guyana Chronicle, 2022). One of the most important partners when it comes to learning and

fostering all sorts of abilities is reportedly family. A phrase that has many distinct definitions,

parental involvement is essentially the involvement of the parents in meaningful communication

that encompasses the student's academic development along with other school activities.

Academic success can be described as the performance outcomes in intellectual disciplines

taught at schools, colleges, and universities. With parental participation, academic success is

feasible (Lara & Saracostti, 2019). Therefore, parental involvement plays a role in the

development of children’s academic achievement (Areepattamannil, 2010). Children who have

parents that are actively involved in their education tend to achieve more academically. This

active involvement leads to reduced absenteeism, increased interest of the child in their learning

and increased creativity.

Parent involvement in children's academic achievement leads to reduced absenteeism. There

is a distinct relationship between high attendance and student achievement. Students tend to miss

out on learning opportunities when they miss a day of school. In fact, children who frequently

miss class are more likely to drop out of school. According to Schoeneberger (2019) children

who have parents that are not involved with their schooling are much more likely to discontinue

their education when compared to a child who has actively involved parents. Parental

involvement boosts a child’s self-confidence which allows them to easily navigate their way in
school. With help from their parents, through active involvement in homework or subtle words

of support, these students are encouraged to return to the classroom in full confidence that they

are not alone. Active involvement by parents gives a child a positive attitude which further

encourages them to enjoy their schooling. Hence, they would be motivated to return, and

absenteeism is therefore reduced. Parents' involvement in their children's education has an

increase in class performance whereas parents with low involvement students miss classes and

their academic performance drops. (Siziya et al., 2021). Since parents are the primary caregivers

to children, it is their duty to constantly communicate with their child about potential issues at

school such as bullying that may affect their return and interest. Parents who support their

children’s educational development from a young age are rewarded with their child’s future

academic success (Chone et al., 2018). Hence, the clear link between children’s reduced

absenteeism and parental involvement is clearly established as direct. It describes that children

who have actively involved parents are unlikely to be truants when compared to children who

have parents that are not involved.

Parental involvement in a child’s education influences the child’s interest in their own

education. Parental engagement in a child's education is essentially the cornerstone of their

development because a child learns for the first time at home. Some parents' definitions of

involvement include dropping off or picking up their kids from school without asking them about

their homework or helping them with it; this can have an impact on how interested and

academically successful the child is. The time parents spend with their children, regardless of

their daily schedule or time flexibility, can increase the amount of time a child spends on

homework because parental involvement does not end at the child's school and continues at

home (Epstein et al., as cited in Kiely et al., 2019). An improvement in a child's attitude toward
homework and an increase in their attentiveness to their work are both influenced by positive

parenting behaviors. In order to increase a child's motivation to do their homework, parents

should set aside time and space for them to study, as well as support them while they pursue

additional education. The best way to increase not only academic accomplishment but attitude as

well is to continuously encourage students even when they fail. All this aids in inspiring and

boosting the child's desire to achieve because of the sense of care engendered by the caregiver's

attention (Epstein et al., as cited in Kiely et al., 2019). It is commonly recognized that parental

involvement in homework is known to be a factor in student achievement and success since it

allows for one-on-one time for the child and parents to bond and makes it simple to identify the

child's weak areas (Gottman, 2019). The degree of participation is essential in creating a

significant impact on the student's performance. The impact on a child's academic success is

stronger the more actively involved the parents are.

Positive parenting encourages and motivates children to be creative in school. In order to be a

positive parent, you must love, care for, and be kind to your kids. Positive parenting, as

previously noted, helps a child succeed academically by continuously praising and supporting

them, regardless of the grades received. Because it was positively engendered using positive

affirmation, this lessens the fear of failure (which can have a negative feedback) and inspires the

child to be better and do better. As a result, the child does academically well. Parental

participation gives children the chance to play pretend, have fun, and create their own

adventures; as a result, they learn from these activities. Baking together as a family can facilitate

educational exercises like measuring flour and other ingredients. This educational opportunity

encourages inquiry, which boosts students' inventiveness. For instance, "How would it taste if I

added this flavor?" Allowing or encouraging the child to explore that side with instruction builds
their self-confidence and aids in their development into healthy individuals because children are

very creative and have a vast imagination (Durisic & Bunijevac, 2017). Researchers have found

that parenting styles with high involvement were positively correlated with creativity whereas a

parenting style with low involvement was negatively correlated with creativity. The behavior of

parents who instill good values in their child or children is more under control, and the autonomy

of the parents fosters the child's intellectual and creative growth. The achievement of a child's

creativity and motivation was made possible by these positive aspects, which include support and

praise, such as those involving parental participative support, warmth, understanding, and

parental autonomous support. The child's ability to want to learn and grow more than they desire

is hampered by parental participation pressure, severe punishment, and other negative or poor

parenting practices, such as excessive restriction, rebuke, and even inconsistent parenting (Miller

et al., as cited by Li et al., 2021). The greater the parental participation, the greater the impact on

the child's academic progress. The engagement of parents not just at school but also at home

enables the child to attain his or her full potential because children frequently view parents as

positive examples and role models.

Conclusion.

● Parents who exercise positive parenting skills do influence the positive outcome in the

academic achievement of children attending secondary schools in Georgetown

● Many parents practice positive parenting skills that influence the academic achievement

of children attending secondary schools in Georgetown.

● Parents involvement support schools by providing emotional. physical, psychological,

and social support for their child to do academically well.