Comparative Healthcare

System with Guyana

versus Venezuela
Group Member
 0
1
Introduction
 Table of
Contents
Introduction 0 0 Demographics
and History
of Venezuela 1 2 and Indicators

Health Analysis 0 0 Challenges

and
and
Management
3 4 Summary
Introduction
 Guyana and Venezuela are countries found in South

America

 They are each other neighbours

 They offer universal health care at primary, secondary and

tertiary
 Introduction
 Venezuela official name is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
 It is the sixth largest country in South America the 32nd largest in
the world.
 It is known for the world’s highest water fall Angel Falls
(Kerepakupai Vena)
 As well as the world’s largest oil reserves.
 President - Nicolás Maduro Moros
 Capital – Caracas
 Official Language - Spanish
 Introduction
 Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana.
 It is the third smallest sovereign state in the South America.
 It is the 10th largest country in South America.
 It is known for the world largest wooden building St Georges Cathedral.
 It is the only English-speaking country in the Caribbean.
 President – Ifraan Ali
 Capital – Georgetown
 Language – English and Creole
History of
Venezuela
 Indigenous inhabitants were farming.
 1498 Christopher Columbus arrived as first European.
 1499 Alonso de Ojeda arrived as the first Spaniard
 Named Venezuela which means “little Venice”
 Settlement by Spaniard in 1521.
 Brought slaves from Africa.
History of
Venezuela
 Gain independence from Spaniard on July 5th, 1811
 Governed by military dictators known as Caudillos during 19th century
 1914 oil was discovered
 Venezuelan elections and constitution was enacted in 1947.
 1998 Hugo Chavez won elections and sided with Cuba.
 When he passed Nicolas Maduro took office.
 0
2and Indicators
Demographics
Demographics and Indicators of
Venezuela
(2022)
 Population – 28, 301, 696
 Birth rate: 17.055 per live 1,000 (2022)
 Death rate – 2.258 per 1,000 (2022)
 Life Expectancy – (Both sexes) 72 years (2022)
 Maternal Mortality – 125 per live birth
 Child mortality – 25.057 per live birth (2022)
 Ethnicity – Mestizos (50.3%), Africans (3.5%),
Amerindians (2.5%) and Other groups (1.5%)
Demographics and Indicators of
Guyana
(2022)
 Population – 787, 971 (2021)
 Birth rate: 16.64 per live 1,000 (2022)
 Death rate – 6.87 per 1,000 (2022)
 Life Expectancy – (Both sexes) 71 years (2022)
Male: 69 years Female: 73
 Maternal Mortality – 667 per live birth (2017)
 Child mortality – 22.68 per live birth (2021)
 Ethnicity – East Indian 39.8%, African descent 29.3%, Mixed 19.9%, Amerindian
10.5%, other 0.5% (includes Portuguese, Chinese, White) (2012 est.)
Causes of Deaths in
Venezuela
Causes of Deaths in
Venezuela
Causes of Deaths in
Venezuela
Causes of Deaths in
Guyana
 0
Health Care Analysis and
3
Management
 Health Care Analysis
Bolivarian of Venezuela
General Health Both public and private healthcare
Status institutions exist.
Public healthcare institutions are
governed by the Ministry of Health
and different states since it is
fragmented
Offers Universal health coverage
There are four type of healthcare
services
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
The Republic of Guyana
Both public and private
healthcare institutions exist.
The Ministry of health
contributes/governs 60% of the
healthcare facilities
Operates a healthcare system
that is universal.
There are five levels of
healthcare services
Level I
Level II
Level III
Level IV
Level V
Health Care Analysis
 Health Care Analysis
Bolivarian Republic of
Venezuela
Oral health Status Has seven (7) dental schools
along with two (2) hygienist
colleges.
Services offered are oral health
screening for diseases,
emergency dental care, basic
restorative operations and pain
relief,
4,116 dentist who are licensed
and 1.4 dentist per 10.000
inhabitants.
The Republic of Guyana
Cheddi Jagan is the only dental
school that is available to the public.
Across the regions there is dental
care provided by dentex or dentist but
can only perform limited services.
Private dental offers a variety of
dental care inclusive of surgical and
nonsurgical however, it is expensive.
Public Sector offers care to over 70%
of the population.
It has a formal and informal sector
 Health Care Analysis
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Finances The federal government provides funds
for public health care such as the MOH
and the Barrio Adentro Mission.
The expenditures on health is US $339.
The state, through the Ministry of
Education and Ministry of Defense,
provides funding for the other social
security organizations (IPSFA and
IPASME), as well as donations from their
employees, employers, and government.
The private health care receives it funds
from patients.
The Republic of Guyana
The government provides the funding for
the public healthcare system.
Approximately 4.88% of the nation's GDP
is being spent on healthcare overall.
Public funding from the Ministry of
Finance, funds from the Treasury,
including tax receipts, and assets from
outside partners are all included in the
financing for health.
There are also options for private
healthcare, but individuals must cover
their own costs.
 Health Care Analysis
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Health Insurance Both public and private insurance
options are available.
Due to fragmented health systems, there
is three ways in which health insurance
can be offered.
1) Via IVSS, IPSFA, IPASME, PDVSA
and universities which is provided to
formal sector of economy.
2) Barrio Adentro Mission provides
assistance to the unemployed etc
3) Private insurance to those who can
afford.
68% of the population lacks insurance,
17% are covered by IVSS, 11.7% are
covered by private insurance, and 2.4%
have dual coverage,
The Republic of Guyana
There are both public and private
insurance choices
Employees in the public and
commercial sectors are covered
by an insurance scheme run by
the National Insurance Scheme.
The program is mandatory for all
employed individuals between the
ages of 16 and 60, including self-
employed individuals.
Private insurance consists of:
1) Hands In Hand
2) Assuria
Management of
Healthcare
 The healthcare is fragmented, and services are being provided via the
decentralizations of health services.

 The Barrio Adentro Mission was incorporated in 2003 to help better

the universal care to the population.

The public sector for health services consists of:

 Ministry of Health
 Health and Social Development Directorates,
 Venezuelan Social Security Institute (IVSS),
 Institute for Social Welfare of the Ministry of Education (IPASME)
 Petroleos de Venezuela (PD-VSA)
Management of
Healthcare
 Private sector is made of service providers and health insurance
companies.
 5,089 public health facilities of which 4,793 are ambulatories and 296
are hospitals.
 Private sector has 344 hospitals of which 315 are for profit institutions
and 29 are charitable foundations.
 Health insurance can be provided by private and public but mostly
through public.
 Funding is received via government and decentralizing of each state.
 0
Challenges4
and Summary
 Challenges of
Venezuela
 Restricted Health Access – shortages of medical supplies and
staffing.
 Food Insecurity – interruptions in food supply,
 Infant and Maternal Health – due to failing infrastructure it
skyrocketed.
 Improvement of Information – lack of up-to-date information on
health system.
 Challenges of
Guyana
 Restricted Health Access – shortages of medical supplies and
staffing.
 Salaries of medical staffs is very low.
 Outdated medical infrastructures.
 Summar
y
 Both countries provide similar healthcare services to its
population.
 Both countries have issues with medical access.
 The leading cause for both countries' death are NCDs
 The care provided in Venezuela continues to deteriorate whilst
Guyana’s is improving.
Questions
?
 Questions!
1. What are the two health services that receives funding from

the government of Venezuela?

2. What is the difference in the level of care provided by both

countries?
 Answers
1. Ministry of Health and Barrio Adentro Mission

2. Venezuela as Type I, II, III, IV and Guyana Level I, II, III, IV,
V.
 References
Guyana Demographics Profile 2019. (n.d.). Www.indexmundi.com.
https://www.indexmundi.com/guyana/demographics_profile.html
Lambert, T. (2021, March 14). A BRIEF HISTORY OF VENEZUELA. Local Histories.
https://localhistories.org/a-brief-history-of-venezuela/
Texilla University. (2019, December 5). Guyana – On a Road to Improved Healthcare. Texila American
University. https://gy.tauedu.org/blog/guyana-on-a-road-to-improved-healthcare/
Venezuela (VEN) - Demographics, Health & Infant Mortality - UNICEF DATA. (2015). UNICEF DATA.
https://data.unicef.org/country/ven/
WorldAtlas. (2016, October 24). Ethnic Groups In Venezuela. WorldAtlas.
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-in-venezuela.html
Thank
you…