Sustainable Transportation Act of 2013 and the Truck

Road Transit: Commercial Trucks and its Effect on Sustainable Transport

Ban Act.
in Trucking Companies in the Province of Batangas
Kristine M. Ilagan, Alyssa Joyce J. Mendoza, and Erika Mae B. Rosario
Email address: kristineilagan66@gmail.com, alyssajoyce2001@gmail.com, rosarioerika99@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The aim of this research study was to determine the effect of commercial trucks on sustainable
transport of trucking companies in the province of Batangas with the objective of ascertaining the profile
of the respondents in terms of forms of ownership, number of commercial trucks owned, years in
operation and number of employees. This study assessed the impact of commercial truck operation on
sustainable transport in Batangas province, considering government policy, economic situation, social
factors, green technology, legal structures, and environmental dimensions. The researchers proposed
strategies to support sustainable transport and regulate businesses' actions. Data was collected from 33
trucking companies, with most being sole proprietorships with 5-9 commercial trucks and operating for
5-10 years with 10-99 employees. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of commercial truck operation
on sustainable transport and its impact on government policy, economic situation, social factors, green
technology, legal structure, and environmental dimension.The findings showed that these factors have a
high effect on the industry's sustainable transport practices. Likewise, the study also found that trucking
company managers are aware of the legal structure's importance in the industry as it got the highest
assessment among other variables. The researchers proposed recommendations to assist trucking
companies in implementing sustainable transport practices, by promoting the use of green technology,
complying with legal requirements, and even including prioritizing social and environmental factors.

Keywords: sustainable transport, commercial trucks, environment, government, green technology

1. INTRODUCTION The study also examines the potential costs of

The air we breathe in, the food, and the water we use
on a daily basis come from the environment, so our
lives really depend on it. Sustainable development is a
global priority aiming to meet the needs of the next
generation, ensuring healthy living and safe shelter.
However, the increasing reliability of transportation,
including shipping, aviation, and passenger vehicles,
makes it difficult to achieve these goals. Mah (2021)
reveals that one-fifth of global carbon dioxide
emissions are attributed to the transportation sector.
Commercial trucks accounted for 29.4% of transport
emissions in 2018, highlighting the industry's
sustainability issue. The environment and people's
living spaces require protection and care. Citizens
worldwide have a responsibility to sustain the planet
for economic and social opportunities. Road transport
significantly impacts the ecosystem, causing oil
consumption, energy use, and carbon dioxide
emissions. Heavy goods are loaded on large trucks,
causing congestion, traffic accidents, and air and noise
pollution, causing health issues and causing significant
harm to individualsThis paper examines the impact of
commercial trucks on sustainable transport, as they
contribute to emissions, congestion, and pollution. It
examines the trucking industry's alignment with
government policies and legal structures, such as the
sustainable transport development, assessing its impact
on the firm's overall performance.
2. OBJECTIVES
This study focused on the commercial trucks and its
effect on sustainable transport in trucking companies
in the province of Batangas. The objectives of the study
were to determine the profile of the companies in terms
of form of ownership, number of commercial trucks
owned, years in operation, and number of employees.
Additionally, the respondents assess how the operation
of commercial trucks may affect sustainable transport
in terms of government policy, economic situation,
social factors, green technology, legal structure, and
environmental dimensions. The comparison of
responses when they are grouped according to profile
was analyzed in this study. Lastly, the researcher
created and recommended a proposed strategy to
achieve sustainable transport with the use of
commercial trucks.
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, quantitative research was the type of
research used as it seeks to collect and statistically
interpret data. The research design employed was the
descriptive method because it helps to establish the
prevailing condition and focus on the present state and
the goal is to discover new truths. No sampling
procedure was used due to the fact that the researcher
acquired a particular list of respondents based on the
reliable website that was published on the internet.
Respecting the number of respondents involved in this
study, it has a total of 33 trucking companies
transacting in the province, as acquired in the PEZA
website posted in this current year. The 33 respondents
were surveyed through a set up of face to face and
google form. The reason why truck managers or
owners was the chosen subject of this study was due to
the consideration that they are more knowledgeable
and know how sustainable transport is.
Frequency and Percentage. This was used to
determine the profile of the trucking companies in
terms of form of ownership, number of commercial
trucks owned, years in operation, and number of
employees.
Weighted Mean. This was used to determine the
respondents’ assessment of how the operation of
commercial trucks affects sustainable transport in
terms of government policy, economic situation, social
factors, green technology, legal structure, and
environmental dimensions.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. The demographic profile of the respondents in terms
of forms of ownership, number of commercial trucks
owned, years in operation and number of employees.
1.1 Forms of Ownership
Table 2 shows the profile variable of the
trucking companies in terms of ownership.
Table 2
Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Forms of
Ownership
As seen from the table, most of the
respondents that were surveyed, mainly the trucking
companies, belonged to sole proprietorships
compromising 81.8 % or a frequency of 27 out of 33
respondents, followed by partnership with the 12.1 %
or a frequency of 4, lastly corporation with 6.1% or 2
in frequency.
It can be inferred that the form of business
ownership of the trucking companies that is dominated
in the province of Batangas was sole proprietorship
because it gives company owners flexibility and
freedom, but because there is no clear separation
between the owner and the firm, individuals who select
this option may be held personally accountable for
commercial activities. This also means that the owner
is personally liable for any debts, obligation or legal
issues related to the company.
According to Silva (2013), the most
significant advantages that distinguish the sole
proprietorship from the other legal forms are the
simplicity of formation which can be launched, the
owner’s decision-making independence, and profit
distribution (the owner grabs everything).
1.2. Number of Commercial Trucks Owned
Table 3 displays the demographic profile of
the respondents in terms of the number of commercial
trucks owned by (1) trucking company. The
respondents’ profile in relation to the number of
commercial trucks owned was considered based on the
bracket listed in the table.
Table 3
Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Number of
Commercial Trucks Owned
As referred in Table 3, the majority of the
respondents owned 5-9 commercial trucks for their
business operation. Out of the total respondents thirty-
three (33), 13 or 39.4 percent owned this number of
trucks. Following, the second highest frequency was
observed by the respondent by owning 1-4 commercial
trucks which accounted for 12 or 36.4 percent. While,
the least common ownership was of 9 or more
commercial trucks, wherein this number was owned by
only 8 or 24.2 percent of the total respondents.
In connection with this, the number of
commercial trucks owned by a company is directly
influenced by the amount of working capital it has.
According to Lenglet (2023), working capital is the
amount the business possesses to pay its operating
expenses. In simple terms, it is the sum of money a
business has on hand to finance the day-to-day
operations. In the trucking company, the working
capital is used to buy and maintain trucks as well as to
pay for costs such as fuel, insurance, and personnel. A
company with a greater capital has the capacity and
ability to purchase and maintain a larger fleet of trucks,
which results in increased revenue and profitability.
On the other hand, a firm with limited operating capital
may be compelled to run with a smaller fleet which can
restrict its ability to meet customer demand and expand
its business operation.
1.3 Years in Operation
Table 4 presents the distribution of the
respondents in terms of years in operations. The
number of years was grouped according to the year
bracket with an interval of 5 years.
Table 4
Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Years in
Operation
 It can be concluded from Table 4 that most of
the trucking companies are operating for 5-10 years
with a frequency of 20 or 60.6 %. It was followed by
respondents operating for less than 5 years with a
frequency of 7 or 21.2 %, followed by respondents
operating 11-15 years with a frequency of 4 or 12.1 %.
The least number of respondents were from the
brackets of more than 15 years with a frequency of 2
or 6.1 %.
It is shown that most trucking businesses in
the Batangas province are engaged in long term in
operation. Trucking industry is one of the profitable
ventures since it’s in demand in the market as it is the
lifeblood of business and thereby making them last in
their operation.
As found in the study of Andal (2013), years
in business are considered on consistently providing
commercial clients with services at a loss to generate
revenue. Ethics must be taken into account if one wants
to build long lasting relationships with their clients and
generate a profit for their firm. In this manner, a
business may attract new clients while keeping its
existing ones.
1.4 Number of Employees
Table 5 shows the distribution of the
respondents in terms of number of employees.
Table 5
Distribution of the Respondents in terms of Number of
Employees
It can be huddled from Table 5 that the
frequency distribution of 33 respondents in terms of
number of employees resulted as follows: firms which
have 10-99 employees have the highest frequency of
21 or 63.6 %, followed by 1-9 employees with a
frequency of 10 or 30.3 %, followed by 100-199
employees with a frequency of 2 or 6.1 %.
Slee (2015) asserts that the number of
employees determines whether a business is operating
well or not. If a company has too many employees, it
indicates that it is either doing successfully or that it
lacks the financial resources to pay its staff. Because
having fewer employees means lower wage costs for
the employees, the majority of service organizations
place more emphasis on the skills of their workforce.
According to the results, it is essential to
assign staff with the right level of responsibility. Their
dedication to organizational responsibilities will
improve their work output, which will increase the
effectiveness of the entire operation.
2. Assessment on the Operation of the Commercial
Trucks Affect Sustainable Transport in Trucking
Companies in the Province of Batangas
This part pertains to the assessments on the
operation of the commercial trucks that affect
sustainable transport in trucking companies in the
province of Batangas in terms of government policy,
economic situation, social factors, green technology,
legal structure, and environmental dimensions.
2.1 Government Policy
This is defined as the declaration of the
government's political activities, plans, and intentions
for a particular cause (Anjaneyulu, 2022). In this study,
this refers to the policies established in order to guide
businesses to regulate action toward the practice of
sustainability.
Table 6
Respondents Assessment on How the Operation of
Commercial Trucks Affects Sustainable Transport of
Trucking Companies in terms of Government Policy
Table 6 shows the respondents assessment of
the government policy of the trucking companies in the
province of Batangas, with a composite mean of 3.42.
This means that trucking companies in the province of
Batangas are in high effect in terms of government
policy. This shows that truck owners and managers of
trucking companies are more aware of the government
policy that helped a lot to make the trucks on roads
more organized, there are policies that are just for them
that are more helpful. The government helps the trucks
to be safer on their journey because of the bridges and
road infrastructure that gives them more routes for
their transactions.
On the contrary, modern infrastructures such
as roads, bridges, and ports are enough to support
transportation received a lower mean of 3.21 which can
be interpreted as high in practice. While the most least
was the statement referring to the government
providing necessary support for security as truck
transport necessities wherein got a computed mean of
3.06 and interpreted as high in practice by trucking
companies. This might imply that transportation
infrastructure in the Philippines is not particularly
appealing or secure for massive vehicles transferring
cargo and other commodities from one point to another
and the support for infrastructure policies is not enough
as per the trucking companies.
2.2 Economic Situation
Economic situation is used to describe the state of the
economy of a specific country, or region, at a specified
time (Sensagent Corporation, 2020). It was typically
measured and characterized by various economic
indicators like gross domestic product (GDP),
inflation, unemployment rates, and business
investment. The situations or factors previously
mentioned have a significant impact on the sustainable
transport of a trucking company.
Table 7
Respondents’ Assessment on How the Operation of
Commercial Trucks Affects Sustainable Transport of
Trucking Companies in terms of Economic Situation
interpreted as high was the statement regarding a hike
in diesel can lead to the overloading of trucks that may
pose a threat to the road, truck life cycle, and carbon
emission. According to Garcia et al., (2013) it shows
that heavy traffic, uncontrolled increase in gasoline
prices, maintenance cost, implementation of taxes on
road users, and increased tool fees, crime traffic, and
incidents greatly affect the business operation. An
increase in diesel prices can lead to trucking companies
overloading their trucks to maximize profits, but the
counter-effect would cause damage to roads and
infrastructure. The components of a truck may be
strained by overloading as well, shortening their
lifespan and raising maintenance expenses.
Furthermore, overloaded trucks consume more fuel,
leading to higher carbon emissions and negative
environmental impacts.

2.3 Social Factors

It forms the macro environment of the
organization which includes the study of
demographics, population growth, age, distribution,
carrier attitude, etc (The Economic Times, 2023). In
this study, it is the problem that is endured by many
people within a society and the consequences of factors
extending beyond an individual’s control.
. Table 8
Respondents’ Assessment on How the Operation of
Commercial Trucks Affects Sustainable Transport of
Trucking Companies in terms of Social Factor
As seen in Table 7, presents the data
regarding the truck managers' or owners' assessment
response on the extent to which the operation of
commercial trucks affects sustainable transport in
trucking companies in terms of the economic situation.
This research variable is construed as high with a
composite mean of 3.25. Meaning the operation of
commercial trucks produce high effect in a positive
way to attain sustainable transport because the
company had prior knowledge with it. However, the
economic indicator like inflation likewise the cost for
diesel had consistently increased, although it got the
lowest mean but imposed little impact in the practice
of sustainability.
Looking closely at the table per item, it was
observed that sustainable transport stimulates job
creation, which opens up employment opportunities
with the highest weighted mean of 3.52 among the
eight (8) items and is interpreted as very high.
Sustainable transport is any form of transportation that
has little effect on the environment. According to
Khales and Mosaberpanah (2013), for increasing the
role of transportation in sustainable development, the
need to use some strategies are needed for increasing As shown in the table, proper education and
sustainability. These strategies include promoting training levels help to eliminate bad truck behavior
public transportation, demand management, improving such as speed limits, seat belt use and alcohol use with
road management, pricing policies, vehicle technology the highest mean of 3.61 which can be interpreted as
improvement, using clean fuels, cultural enhancement, very high. These indicate that managers and owners
and transportation planning. Meanwhile, the item that feel that appropriate truck driver education is critical
provides low weighted means as computed at 2.85 and for guaranteeing road safety and boosting the industry's
professionalism. These instructional activities must be
offered by trained teachers who are well-versed in the
trucking business, legislation, and best practices.
Furthermore, including practical, hands-on experience
through simulated or real world driving circumstances
may considerably improve the educational program's
efficacy.
Based on these findings, proper education and
training can help reduce the various accidents that
occur on the road. With the proper guidelines that truck
drivers follow, this could guarantee road safety and
industry professionalism while also making the driver's
routes more convenient and reducing the amount of
fuel that can harm the environment. In contrast,
loading trucks and containers of more goods than they
used to is hard to stop or slow down, and that is a safety
hazard with the mean 2.97 which can be interpreted as
high. These indicate that managers and owners feel that
trucks should not be overloaded for this purpose. The
contents of each container must be just perfect so that
they may be moved more easily and without causing a
problem on the road.
2.4 Green Technology
A type of technology that is considered
environmentally friendly based on its production
process (Kenton, 2022). In this study, this refers to the
use of alternative fuels and technologies that produce
less harm to the environment than relying mostly on
fossil fuels.
Table 9
Respondents’ Assessment on How the Operation of
Commercial TrucksAffects Sustainable Transport of
Trucking Companies in terms of GreenTechnology
As shown in the table 9, it displays the effects
of commercial trucks on sustainable transportation in
the province of Batangas in terms of green technology.
It can be construed to be in high effect with a
composite mean of 2.83. Commercial trucks operation
only provides a high effect on achieving sustainable
transport as it gives an interpretation of high as to
effect. This shows that truck owners and managers of
trucking companies are not much aware of the green
technologies that are occurring which are more eco-
friendly and much more sustainable. Managers and
owners prefer a more traditional way of transportation
but it also shows that managers believe that using green
modes of transportation will decrease the demand for
fuel and gasoline in a company.On the contrary,
investing in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles that
can reduce emissions, especially for road transport, as
it contributes significantly to GHG emissions and also
by using electric vehicles that are powered totally by
electricity and do not emit any dangerous gasses. The
power that is tapped from renewable resources receives
the lower mean of 2.36 which can be interpreted low in
effect in achieving sustainability.
2.5 Legal Structure
Legal structure refers to the government
classification that regulates certain aspects of the
business (Stowers, 2022). Its importance towards the
operation of commercial trucks is evident in the way
that it helps to ensure that trucks are operated within
the confines of the law and safety standards are met
and in terms of internal management the employees are
secure to have a better working condition.
Table 10
Respondent's Assessment on the Operation of
Commercial Trucks AffectsSustainable Transport of
Trucking Companies in Terms of Legal Structure
Table 10 reveals that the assessment of the
truck managers and/or owners in terms of legal
structure in the operation of commercial trucks affects
sustainable transport. Looking at the lower part of the
table displays its composite mean of 3.84, and which is
interpreted verbally as very high. This means that the
managers and/or owners of trucking are aware of legal
structure because herein discussed how effective and
efficient they are when it comes to managing and
running a business.The three (3) statements that got the
lowest weighted mean were as follows: forms of
ownership provide more knowledge of how the
industry operates with the computation of 3.76, and
very high as it verbally interpreted, yearly seminars
and training to the employees improve their knowledge
and capabilities, and also have a strong mental health
and annual briefing about how to support sustainability
especially as trucks are the main mode of transport that
is being used, have the same mean of 3.79 and
interpreted as very high. Concluding upon, the claims
with low computed mean would not imply to be a
negative indicator in relation to the operation of
different trucking companies
2.6 Environmental Dimension
Deals with the fragility of ecological and biophysical
systems and their different functions under a condition
wherein will suffer damage and deterioration Zeil et al.
(2014). In this study, this refers to the human
commercial activity that involves the destruction of the
natural environment, in return, many people in the
community will face its adverse effects.
Table 11
Respondents’ Assessment on How the Operation of
Commercial Trucks Affects Sustainable Transport of
Trucking Companies in terms of Environmental
Dimension
As shown in the table, managers and owners
know the disposal of vehicle parts, like tires with the
highest mean of 3.58 which can be interpreted as very
high. This means that the managers and owners of
commercial trucks are generally aware of the disposal
of vehicle parts, including tires. Proper disposal of tires
is essential to minimize the environmental impact and
comply with waste management regulations. It can be
recycled, tire retreading, or it can be sold to tire
retailers and manufacturers. Managers and owners
should stay informed about tire disposal practices,
collaborate with authorized disposal facilities, and
adhere to applicable regulations.
Meanwhile, among the items above the very least was
the statement about the increased number of
commercial trucks on the road,among other things,
exacerbating the abuse of petroleum products, air
quality degradation, and public health threats with the
mean 2.79 which can be interpreted as high. Heavy
vehicles perform a significant role in our lives. Trucks
83 are the most common modes of transport goods
from manufacturers to stores but unknowingly these
vehicles are one of the main reasons for the destruction
of the environment. In consideration to the important
role of trucks, implementing measures and promoting
sustainable practices within the commercial trucking
industry, was the possible solution to mitigate the
abuse of petroleum products, improve air quality,and
safeguard public health and well-being.
3.Comparison of the Respondents’ Assessment on
the Effect of Commercial Trucks in Sustainable
Transport when they are grouped according to the
Demographic Profile.
3.1 Grouped According to the Forms of Ownership
Table 12
Comparison of the Respondents' Assessment on
the Effect of Commercial Trucks in Sustainable
Transport when they Grouped According to the
Forms of Ownership
Results showed that in terms of government
policy, trucking companies whose form of ownership
is corporation got the highest weighted mean of 3.69
which was interpreted as very high. In contrast,
partnership has a lowest weighted mean of 3.03 with
an interpretation of high. In terms of economic
situation, those trucking companies whose form of
ownership is sole proprietorship got the highest
weighted mean of 3.31 which is interpreted as high. As
to Social Factor, those trucking companies whose form
of ownership is sole proprietorship got the highest
weighted mean of 3.30, interpreted as high in effect as
compared to partnership which tallied a lowest
weighted mean of 3.06 interpreted likewise as high in
effect.In terms of green technology, corporations have
the highest weighted mean of 3.38 which is interpreted
as high. Corporations have the money and the
resources to invest in more eco-friendly and alternative
fuels that can help to protect the environment, while
partnership got the lowest weighted mean of 2.75
hence interpreted as high. The chances to invest in
more eco-friendly fuels are small because of not
enough working capital so they continue to still use
diesel rather than biodiesel. Results showed that in
legal structure, those trucking companies whose form
of ownership is corporation got the highest weighted
mean of 4.00 interpreted as very high while the sole
proprietorship have a lowest weighted mean of 3.83
with an interpretation of very high. Lastly,
environmental dimension, trucking businesses whose
ownership structure is sole proprietorship got a high
weighted mean of 3.05 which can be interpreted as
high and the lowest is corporation with the weighted
mean of 2.88 which can be interpreted as high.
3.2 Grouped According to the Number of
Commercial Trucks Owned
 Table 13
Comparison of the Respondents' Assessment on the
Effect of Commercial Trucks in Sustainable Transport
when they Grouped According to the Number of
Commercial Trucks Owned
of trucking who owned 1-4 commercial got the lowest
mean as compared to the preceding grouped because it
has 2.99 and interpreted as high with regards to
weighted mean and verbal interpretation respectively.
3.3 Grouped according to the Years
in Operation

Table 14
Comparison of the Respondents' Assessment on the
Effect of Commercial
Trucks in Sustainable Transport when they grouped
according to the Years
in Operation

Results reveal that in terms of government

policy, those trucking companies with 5-9 commercial
trucks are very high as interpreted with the weighted
mean of 3.64. This means that those truckers are more
abiding by the rules, regulations, and guidelines that
are implemented by the government authorities as
compared to companies who owned 1-4 commercial
trucks whereby it garnered a mean of 3.11 and was
verbally interpreted as only high. In terms of the
economic situation, it can be concluded that the
Trucking companies with 11-15 years of
respondents' evaluation falls in the interpretation of
operation are more compliant with government
high when compared to the number of commercial
policies for sustainable transportation, with a mean of
trucks owned. Concerning the following, 1-4
3.44. These companies are more experienced and
commercial trucks have a weighted mean of 3.08, 5-9
knowledgeable about government rules and
commercial trucks owned have 3.35 computed mean
regulations, and are aware of consequences if not
and 9 commercial trucks and above have 3.34.Going
followed. The Sustainable Transportation Act of 2013
further, in the comparison between the social factor
promotes sustainable transportation options for public
and the 1-4 commercial trucks owned with a mean of
welfare and social justice.Trucking companies with
3.14 5-9 commercial trucks have a 3.31 weighted
over 15 years of operation have better economic
mean, and 9 commercial trucks and above have a mean
sustainability, as they adapt to economic factors and
of 3.38, all verbally interpreted as high. Trucking
minimize costs, especially in the face of inflation.
companies who own 1-4 commercial trucks need to
However, those with less than 5 years of experience
bring some strategy in order to generate revenue so it
may lack sufficient knowledge. Economic factors
helps to increase the number of trucks they have. For
directly impact transportation sustainability, and
the research variable green technology as compared to
higher fuel prices can negatively impact real GDP
the demographic profile of respondents in terms of the
growth.Trucking companies with 15 years of operation
number of commercial trucks owned, the companies
have a higher mean social factor score, with a 3.69 .
who have 1-4 commercial trucks listed the computed
These companies prioritize employee welfare and
mean of 2.75, 5-9 commercial trucks reckon 2.98 as
safety, leading to increased cautiousness and
weighted meanwhile 9 commercial trucks and above
courteousness. Truck drivers face health issues due to
have an establish calculation of 2.69 as weighted mean
long working hours, poor sleep, sedentary lifestyles,
as well. In terms of legal structure, trucking companies
and unhealthy diets. The trucking business is vital for
who owned commercial trucks of 1-4 had a low
emerging economies and nations, as it provides the
weighted mean of 3.75 wherein verbally interpreted as
qualities and expertise needed for sustainable
very high, similarly low the 5-9 commercial trucks
transportation.
owned who had 3.88 computed mean value and
interpreted as very high, as compared to 3.91 for
3.4 Grouped According to the Number of
companies who owned 9 commercial trucks and above
Employees
in which interpreted as very high. As to environmental
Table 15
dimensions, trucking with 9 commercial trucks and Comparison of the Respondents' Assessment on the
above has a weighted mean of 3.30 which is high as Effect of Commercial
verbally interpreted, next was 5-9 commercial trucks Trucks in Sustainable Transport when they Grouped
owned with a garnered computed mean of 2.99 and According to the
same way interpreted as high while owners or manager Number of Employees
 Trucking companies with 10-99 employees
have the highest mean government policy, while those
with 1-99 employees have a higher mean. Effective
management of employees and compliance with
government rules and regulations are crucial for a
conducive working environment. Staying informed
about legal landscapes and adhering to labor and
employment regulations is essential for a successful
business.In terms of economic situation, trucking
companies with 10-99 employees have the highest
mean with 3.38 while trucking companies with 1-99
employees have the lowest mean of 3.00 with an
interpretation of high respectively. According to
Sensagent Corporation (2022), economic situations
describe the state of the economy of a country at a
specific time. Companies with a controlled number of
employees have an advantage because managers can
manage them well and can minimize damages to the
environment because of the decreased number of
people that are working that contributed to damaging
the environment. Also, employees can have better
wages and working conditions as owners manage them
well than having hundreds of employees. Port
congestion can also be avoided in a way when
companies have a controlled number of employees and
it can help to minimize emissions that are coming from
trucks.Trucking companies with 10-99 employees
have the highest mean social factors, with 3.35,
followed by 3.31 and 3.08. These companies have the
most convenient control over their employees, as truck
drivers are affected by these factors during work hours.
Green technology effectiveness is highest in
companies with 100-199 employees, followed by 1-99
employees and moderately effective in 10-99 In the classification of modes of
employees, with no significant differences.Trucking transportation, road transit is considered the most
companies with 100-199 employees have the highest preferable and commonly used in conveying goods and
weighted mean of 3.31, followed by 1-99 and 10-99 products from one location to another. Many suppliers
employees with a 2.93 mean. This suggests low and business owners invested in this mode due to the
effectiveness in environmental dimensions due to not advantage of faster, more convenient, and less cost.
fully complying with government sustainability Moreover, trucks are specialized vehicles that are
standards in the transportation sector. designed and equipped with a large, enclosed cargo
space that provides secure safe delivery over long
4. Proposed Strategies for Achieving Sustainable distances quickly and efficiently. Without trucks,
Transport by Used of businesses would struggle to move large volumes of
Commercial Trucks. goods, and the global supply chain would be severely
impacted. Although it plays a critical role in delivering
goods, the adverse effect it provides is increase in the
external cost of road transportation and contributes to
preventing the achievement of sustainable transport
development.

5. CONCLUSIONS
1. The trucking companies in Batangas are mostly sole
proprietorship with 5-9 commercial trucks owned,
operating for 5-10 years, and with 10-99 employees.
2. Trucking companies were engaging in sustainable
transport but were highly affected by various factors
such as government policy, economic situation, social
factors, green technology, and environmental
dimensions. Only the variable legal structure has a very
high effect and indicates a high positive impact in
supporting transport sustainability.
3. The legal structure has the highest assessment when
it comes to operation of commercial trucks affecting
sustainable transport. The respondents with a form of
ownership as a corporation, owned 9 commercial
trucks and above, have been in the business for 11-15
years and have 100-199 employees, providing the
highest impact on sustainable transport.
4. The strategies were proposed to achieve sustainable
transport.
6. RECOMMENDATION
From the findings and conclusions of the study, the
following recommendation were drawn:
1. The trucking companies should be encouraged to
explore opportunities to collaborate with other
trucking companies or logistics providers to expand
service offering, resources and leverage each other’s
network.
2. Trucking companies may be informed and updated
about industry regulations to ensure compliance and
avoid penalties.
3. To improve efficiency and competitiveness,
owners/companies may consider investing in
technology and automation solutions.
4. Conduct of a more comprehensive study similar to
this one is highly encouraged in the future to further
the findings of this study.
REFERENCES
[1]Andal,R. A., Magtibay, M.P & Zara, G.P (2017).
Assessment on the warehousing. Operations Practices of the
logistics firms. Batangas State University, Batangas City
[2]Anjaneyulu. (2022). Government and Policy.
[3]Garcia J., & Pasquil N. (2013). Problems Encountered by
Trucking Industry transacting at MICP. (Unpublished
Thesis). Asian Institute of Maritime Studies, Metro Manila
[4]Kenton, W. (2022). What is Green Tech? How it Works,
Types, Adoption and Examples.
[5]Khales, S. and Mosaberpanah, M. (2013). The Role of
Transportation in Sustainable Development.
[6]Lenglet, R. (2023). Working Capital: Everything you
need to Know!
[7]Mah, A. (2021). How the Trucking Industry is becoming
more Sustainable-and increasing
returns- through Industry 4.0. Pwc.com.
[8]Silva (2013). Sole Proprietorship, Partnership,
Corporation.
[9]Slee, S.(2015). Drivers for the participation of small and
medium-sized suppliers in green supply
chain initiatives. Supply Chain Management. Vol.13 (
No.3). p185-198
[10]Stowers, J. (2022). How to Choose the Best Legal
Structure for Your
Business.
[11]Zeil, P. et al., (2014). Spatial and Holistic Assessment
of Social, Economic,
and Environmental Vulnerability to Floods– Lessons from
the Salzach River Basin, Austria.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a privilege to express and show gratitude to
those who directly or indirectly helped the
researchers to construct this research paper. This
study would not have been possible without their
assistance and persistent help:
Their Alma mater, Batangas State
University- The National Engineering University,
for the quality of education, they provided which
was significant for the study’s development;
Dr. Bendalyn M. Landicho, the Dean of
CABEIHM for the approval of the topic, and for
the motivation to keep on going;
CB Catherine T. Ysulat, research adviser,
for her support from the beginning of this study
up to its completion;
All professors and instructors of
CABEIHM department for their inspiration given
to finish this study;
Dr. Imelda M. Flores, statistician, for helping
them in the presentation, analysis, and
interpretation of data;
CB Arlon P. Alcancia, one of the panel
members, for the well-regarded suggestions and
expertise shared with the researchers;
Dr. Lorena Mendoza, grammarian, for
giving them ideas and for checking the
grammatical construction of this paper;
The library staff of Batangas State
University, for giving them the opportunity to use
the available reading materials necessary for their
studies;
The managers and staff of Trucking
Companies in the Province of Batangas, for
allowing them to gather data and for giving their
support to the study;
Their friends and classmates, BSCA
3203, for sharing their knowledge and giving
them support and inspiration during the research
period;
Their dearest parents, family, and
someone special, for the unconditional love,
overwhelming support, and constant
encouragement that helped them overcome
difficulties; and
 Above all, the Almighty God whose
infinite wisdom flowed forth to give the much-
needed enlightenment, good health, strength, and
determination He had given to the researchers for
the accomplishment of this study.