Name Usama Bin Shahid

Roll No FA20-BEE-086
Section C
Subject Signal And System
Submitted To DR. Sohaib Manzoor

Semester Project Report

Line Follower Robot By Using Logic Gates
Introduction
Line follower robot is one kind of autonomous robot which follows a line untill
that line exists. Generally, the line is drawn on the floor. A line follower robot is a
robot which follows a certain path controlled by a feed back mechanism.

Any robot is built on 3 basic laws defined by the Russian Science fiction author
Isaac Asimov:


A robot should not harm the human being directly or indirectly.
 A robot should obey human orders unless and until it violates the first law.
 A robot should protect its own existence provided the 1st two laws are not
violated.
Robots can be fixed robots or mobile robots. Mobile Robots are robots with a
mobile base which makes the robot move freely in the environment. One of the
advanced mobile robots is the Line Follower Robot. It is basically a robot which
follows a particular path or trajectory and decides its own course of action which
interacts with obstacle. The path can be a black line on the white floor (visible) or
a magnetic field (invisible). Its applications start from basic domestic uses to
industrial uses, etc. The present condition in industry is they are carrying the
parcels or materials one place to another place using the crane system. Some
times lifting of big weights at that time may cause the breakage of lifting materials
and will be cause damage to the parcels also. The line following robots is
commonly used for carry children through shopping malls, homes, entertainment
places, industries.

Building a basic line follower robot:

Building a basic Line Follower Robot involves the following steps.

 Designing the mechanical part or the body of the robot

 Defining the kinematics of the robots
 Designing the control of the robot
Objectives:-
The objectives of the project are:

 The robot must be capable of following a line

 It should be capable of taking various degree of turns
 The robot must be insensitive to enviromental factors such as lighting and
noise
 It also shows the distance travelled by it through LCD display

It must allow calibration of the liners darkness there hold

TOOLS:-
Following tools are used in the circuit diagram

1. Three cogustates
2. Two NOT gates
3. Two AND gates
4. Two OR gates
5. Two DC motors
Circuit Diagram

 Ways of controlling a line Follower Robot

BCD code
Project Explanation
In the given project, we design the line follower robot in which we used logic
gates, motors and logic states and we arranged them in such a way that it work
properly. Then we simulate the above given circuit in proteus in which we find out
that the left and right motor starts to rotate at different inputs. The motor start to
rotate when the value is 1 at its terminal and stop at 0. The input to motor at
different inputs are verified in the truth table.