Standard Test Method for Determining the Polishability of Bituminous Pavement Surfaces and Specimens by Means of the Penn State Reciprocating Polishing Machine? ed under he ed dsiaaon (stat ston ‘ inthe revo yer 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers a procedure that can be used inthe laboratory and in the field for determining the degree to sshich bruminows pavement surfaces will polish in ihe bresence of a given abrasive. The apparatus for carrying ont the procedure consists of a machine that reciprocares. ruber pod. under pressure against the surface to he polished while a stury of water and abrasive is being fed to the intefTace, 1.2 The degree af polish, or reduction of microtexture, imparted to the test spot or specimen is measured. iy accordance with Method E30} as British Pendulum Number (BPN). Other methods of measuring microtexture may be used, 1.3 The results obtained with this method should not be expected to azree numerically wth those found on pavement polisted by trafic unless and until all factors operative ia the Field can be simulated or accounted for, nor do the results necessarily agree with those obiained by other polishing methods, 1.4 This sandard does not purport 10 address the safewy problems assvctated with us use. 2115 the responsibilty of the twser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and teal practices and determine the applicability of regulators limitavions prior to use. Referenced Documents ASTM Standards; 303 Method for Measuring Sueface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester? S01 Specification for Standard Tire for Pavement Skid Resistance Tests? E 867 Terminology Relating to Traveled Surface Charac- teristie? E 3. Summary of Test Methnd 341 The polishing machine is placed on the pavement so that its eubber pad contacts the pavement at the desired location or over a cote cut from the pavement and held i place relative to the machine. Specittens fabricated. from laboratory paving mixes may also bE used after suitable Pocmen Hipement Technora he ee roe Sak smu E1723 0 Soe Chorcensins Rend fo Tie Povenet She Ree {990 Pobihe nary 199, name mmedl oi ™ mer prenhes nds te tt tapes A preparation, as may arrays of aggregate particles securely altached to 3 rigid backing 32 The size of the spot to be polished is given hy the sive ff the area that is required for making. Trion or ‘microtexture measurements. This test method assumes that the British Pendulum Tester is need for this ywupae= This ufictates a minions spot ot specimen sive of 4 by 65 in (100 by 165 mm). 3:3 Polishing of the selected test spot or specimen is ‘accomplished by having the machine reciprocate the rubber oad while it is pressed against the spot or specimen ata specified pressure and a slurry of water and abrasive is fed to the interface betvcen the spot or specimen and the ri 3.4 AL intervals the machine or specimen may be re moved to measure the British Pendulum Number (BPX), Under the conditions detailed in this document the BPN wit hhave reached an equilibrium value in less than half an hour 4. Significance and Use 4.1 This test method as deseribed will produce a quaniita- tive estimate of the polshabilty of pavements or specimens The results wil vary with abrasive type and size, Because litle is known as yet about the abrasives on pavements in Service, the test method at present does not permit prediction of the lowest BPN that a pavement may attain unlor prolonged exposure to tratic, The test method is intended to be an aid to identifying and quantifying factors, including ‘aeregate properties, that determine the lowest BPN (or other measure of microtexture) that a pavement, mix. oF anserate ‘may attain in service. 4.2 The test method permits rating pavements, mixes, an anaregates according to poishabilty if foreach specimen the abrasive is selected which produces the lowest BPN. For ‘most aggregates and bituminous pavements this appears to be silica sand with a maxienum particle size of 12 tn, 10.03 um), 4.3 The test method attempts to approximate the pot ishing process as it occurs on the highway in the contact patch between tire and pavement 44 Tt can be used on the pavement without the necessity ‘of cutting out samples and taking them to the laborston for accelerating the polishing process. 4.5 The test method permits the ranking of laboratory specimens and in-place pavements in the onler of thts polishabilty, 46 Although the influence of the controllable variables of the test method on the results is relatively small, the results ‘may not always agree closely with the field performance ofGh & 1393 ove sures Bxcause oth el ove | SER aay tly assed sna pate the borg a eee amet! at preset pray ws 18 cede tinh hie ihe poeta « Fn aapted Apparatus st anv tbat pase Machine, shall hase a stanshier mec Te ott of 4 ano1br OF eng;ME NO Ee her ‘The amude of the re ere pig sll Be = i, (20 gh thouelh ONS tc Haan be adantageons, with % in, 20 Tm) 86 over aaplvods. The slr shall have provisions for 6 ter pa assay ot by aac of univ dae yuo ensure that the pad wil bean fll conta Wie ra emncat of specimen iF ue frame of the racing 20 a ase stace should not be parallel, The machine shat A et eeeyliner for conttolling the pressure between ae sad and the paveTment of specimen 10 Be POushed 6 fave! ronal ic pressure regulator shall be ased vo maintain nee arian the lindsay sleet val Meal 20 pa (35am 140 KPa ding the posh Voess-Theprinyle ofthe aparatis s shown 19 Fig se ite Pad. shal eonsist of 33.5 by $.5-n. (90-05 apg rub cut frm Zein, (6 35-100) We 140 win) se the speeficaions of ie ead compound Of sce Con F501 The pa shall be tached ¥ means of 8 ef adhesive toa steel beking tht as sulable Hn sua nent 4 the reciprocating mechanism. Channels 19 1 reine shall provide How paths for the abrasive te tee holes tthe pad that ks te the interface Between sa vere or specimen. Nine wos of rin, Gan) 1a a Piped (36 mn) and aranged i Ue OS Tin. (3 mm) apart are recommended ines Fak, molding. suficient slurry (about | at of 11) tor pitishing one spesimen to equim BPN 1 ness eee just have a sbotoll vale, ‘Te slr in the (a6) ‘i Mie agitated to ensure its homogeneity. This may be mg iianed by mouting the tank atop te sider mecha, seeaetgny other suitable mannct. The strc is conveyed per pad aseabls by a lens pose, The tury lowe aa eoled bythe hols in he pad and the openness of fat eof the specimen: the rat s not crtieal, But may Ao ovine requited to eeack the cquiibsium BPN. ne 5.2 The rtating component of the machine is Chen Th ar aiceiie mowr or & sina! engine through 3 VRE a emg which devermines the rate of FCI. Meg a8 Iles recommenda fox whieh IHU fae of jgs-¥1 induction motor bas been found ale CES mp of te machine sl bes consth uct Ts aha puter a contacts the pavement when te WAN © whe eteon_ Unless provbion,as been Ade (0 TT Pe eating forors, he machine must be prevented fy a reams from eveeping UNE opsrauon. WISH Pt guable mneus mache apd spssinea older show! Connected to form a rigid unit arc ble Counter. shall be installed at he machin tovepent ihe amber of strokes the pad makes while polishing 6. Abrasives Are nny of 1 part of abrasive and 10 t0 18 parts of wc Gy Netume shall be prepared in the tank of the! ne water ty Seven inhomogeneity the sary must Bs abaiee cane ey aa ns. With she tank mounted on He sieoronst chasm agitation is provided. Bat this Not toe dial rneans of agiation must DE HS Te Hi serjoxie in the form of finely crashed S9d thalinesinaximam partite size of 45 jm is Fecommen eo ase ee This, material represented well the abeonre 2 arent of materia collect fom several paverenss CoS When used. with his test_metbod this Sn! wie guees a polish (equilibrium BPN) that ranks he ee) produces 2 Poems general order as the, whelgas of mens io vements with stabilized Skid Numbers, AY amet pades of abrasives do ot generally Drooers eta lower equilinum DPR they may €o $9 en ‘secimens containing very sot aueresae erases may DE used depending on the obiee. ai ec orate experiment. For instance the abrasive occornng vive on a. pavement may be collected Wy 2 s0cuen atonal glyeed and used as 2 guide in preparing 2 sb 7. Vest Specimens an Laboratory specimens may either be cores cul fo pavements specimens prepared [om paving iN, 0 Paves aggregate. panicles in 2 suitable mats. The a rr musk have aa surface ever an aca not ess an ‘Foy 65 in. (100 by 165 mm. Oyo eleapaned aggregate faces of specimens from Pavitt ag ee coteting of areays of agsceate particles shoul imine ethos found in pavements aller prolonged exPostrs resemble Were core, newly prepared specimens should, Pe 1 enuined by ganding ther sraces with 3 he Priner until the majority of the particles have anained hifor height and the faces are fre of bind rimiler preconditioning is recommended if 2 ney pavement ito be polished im sit ori he polishing 10 7° Bearcat eat Renae i ee WE "The ig Cana a an aS etme mB nee Ss STA@ © 1393 done ata location of an in-service limited exposure to traffic, applies to cores cut from pavements Davement that experiences such a5 a shoulder. This also such locations of from’ new 8. Procedure 8.1 Determine the ini ‘ment spot to be polished, using Method £503 sea ari the Polishing machine so that its rubber pad en in the midvosiion of ts stoke i centered om te oe ‘on which the NPN wae determined in Bie £3 Adiust the apparatus to these recommended values: Hoke Ye & Wie in. (10 1.5 mm), set the alt proneer Feeingt £0 10 1 i (70: 7 ka), it the tank with sorry eying 4 sandcto-water ratio of 1 to 10 by volume stat auiator Gone is provided). if engine driven, adjust oes TEL7#S@ that under load the pad wil reciprocate st Ts ores Ne fal BPN of the specimen or pave £5 When a BPN measurement isto be made whether at ‘ckected intervals during the polishing processor ater at tfetanation, shut the shrry valve, remove the lad, and seg the motor or engine. Record the counter reading tur donney reset the counter. to be continued make sure to ensure that machine and their original relationship to {est spot can be repositioned int each other 846 Remove the machine from the test spot or the speci men from under the ma water, and mess E303, £7 Jf polishing is to be continued, follow the outlined Procedure beginning with 8.2 9. Report 3.1 Report the following 9.1.1 Identification of the 5 the tet spot on the pavement, 2.1.2 Description of the specimen oF pavement 9.1.3 Date and time. 8.1.4 Operator's name, 9.1/5 Initial BPN, 9.1.6 Machine setings: length of st Strokes per second, ete. 9.1.7 Slurry: abrasive materia, nominal size. gradation Abrasive-toswater ratio by volume, 9.1.8 Counter readings for everytime ma (initia reading should be rere), and 9.1.9 BPN at intermediate and final counter readings, 10. Precision and Wins 10.1 Tests on preconditioned or mens that were polished until BPN remained. comeeny Bithin 2 BPN gave results with a repeatability range art BPN for constamt abrasive gradation, 10.2 More test series and interlaboratory tests are neces sary before generally valid estimates ofthe precision end tig ‘of the test method can be established, 10.3 Theve is no possibilty of estimating the bias of this {est method since there are mo standard reference surfaces vf known polishabilty. "chine: Mush the test spot with lear tS BPN in accordance with Method Pecimen oF of the Ioeatinn of foke, pad loading, chine is stopped Previously polished spec n9