Communication System

❖ What is Communication?
 Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place,
person or group to another.

❖ Types of Communication:
Mainly in general communication are Two Types.
1. Communication within line of sight.
2. Communication beyond line of sight between point to point.

➢ Types of Communication Based on The Modulation Technic:

There are three types of communication based on the technic of Modulation.
1. Analog Communication.
2. Digital Communication.
3. Hybrid Communication.

• What is Modulation?
 Low frequency signal add to the high frequency signal for go to the far away
is called modulation.

• Types of Modulation:
There are Four types of Modulation.
1. Phase Modulation.
2. Frequency Modulation.
3. Amplitude Modulation.
4. Angle Modulation.

For communication, We pass analog signal through analog modulation and pass digital
signal through digital modulation.
➢ Types of Communication Based on The Medium:
There are two types communication based on the medium.
1. Line Communication.
2. Radio Communication.

✓ Merits & Demerits of Line and Radio Communication:

➢ Line Communication: Which information may be transmitted from one person

to another is called line communication. Like a manager communicating to an
employee and an employee to a customer.

• Merits:
1. Reliable.
2. Relatively secure.
3. More capacity.
• Demerits:
1. Vulnerable to physical interference.
2. Take time to construct.
3. Inflexible.
4. Expensive.

➢ Radio Communication: Radio communication means telecommunication by

radio waves.
• Merits:
1. Selectivity.
2. Cost-effectiveness.
3. Adaptability.
4. Mental Imagery.
• Demerits:
1. Absence of a Visual Element.
2. Crowd Fragmentation.
3. Restricted Research Data.
4. Restricted Listener Attention.
5. Clustered.
 ❖ What is Communication System?
 The communication system is a system which describes the information
exchange between two points. The process of transmission and reception of
information is called communication.

❖ What are in the Communication System?

 The major elements of communication system are,
1. Sender.
2. Transmitter.
3. Receiver.

❖ Procedure of Communication System:

Process of communication system are given below,

1. Processing:
a. Data collection.
b. Data process.
c. And store the information.
2. Modulation: Send information through medium or carrier. Modulation is
which a very high-frequency carrier wave is used to transmit the low-
frequency message signal or baseband signal so that the transmitted signal
continues to have all the information contained in the original message signal.
Then the signal is called modulating signal.
3. Demodulation: Demodulation refers to the process of extracting
information from a transmitted signal. To establish communication over a
considerable distance, the message carrying signal requires a high-
frequency signal or transmitted signal, whose properties should be different
with baseband signal. But receiver need low frequency signal. That’s why,
High or modulated signal convert to low or basement signal by the process of
demodulation. Although, the process of separating the original information or
signal from the modulated signal is called Demodulation.
4. Interception: Receive the signal which one is sent from the point or sender.

Noise: During the process of transmission and reception, the signals get distorted due
to noise introduced in the system. Try check the signal get do not damage by noise.
 ❖ Block Diagram of Communication System:

➢ What do you mean by Baseband signal?

 In telecommunications and signal processing, baseband is the range of
frequencies occupied by a signal that has not been modulated to higher
frequencies. Baseband signals typically originate from transducers, converting
some other variable into an electrical signal.

➢ What are the Frequency Range in Communication System?

1. VLF: Very Low Frequency. Range: 3Hz-3KHz
2. LF: Low Frequency. Range: 30KHz-300KHz
3. MLF: Medium Low Frequency. Range: 300KHz-3MHz.
4. HF: High Frequency. Range: 3MHz-30MHz
5. VHF: Very High Frequency. Range: 30MHz-300MHz
6. UHF: Ultra High Frequency. Range: 300MHz-3000MHz
7. SHF: Super High Frequency. Range: 3GHz-30GHz
8. EHF: Extremely High Frequency. Range: 30GHz-300GHz
[SHF and EHF are also called Microwaves]

❖ Design a Communication System:

1. Accuracy: In communication system must deliver data to the receiver without

being altered or damaged. The receiver should receive the exact same data
which was sent by the sender.
2. Complexation: Complexation in communication system is an excellent method
for sharing information that is easily organized and easy to comprehend by a
reader who has no prior experience.
3. Bandwidth: The bandwidth of a signal in communication system is defined
as the difference between the upper and lower frequencies of a signal generated.
So, bandwidth or frequency range of signal should be high.
4. Speed of Transmission: In communication system data transmission speed
is the rate of transferring data from source to destination. The speed of
transmission must be high.
5. Costing: The cost of transferring information in a communication system is a
very important performance consideration. Try to reduce the cost.
6. Noise: Noise is an unwanted signal which tends to interfere with the required
signal. The noise signal is always random in character. Noise may interfere
with signals at any point in a communication system.
However, the noise has its greatest effect on the signal in the channel.

❖ Why Modulation is Needed in Communication System?

1. Reduction in the height of antenna. (The length of antenna is equal to the
quarter-wavelength of the frequency. So, when frequency is high then the
length of antenna should be less because wavelength is inversely
proportional to the frequency of the signal.)
2. Avoids mixing of signals. (Remove the interference of signal)
3. Increases the range of communication. ( Modulated signal have high range
of frequency. So, it can go to far away.)
4. Multiplexing is possible. (Sending several signal through a common
channel)
5. Improves quality of reception. ( Receiver can take the same signal as the
original signal)