LA FAMILIA (THE FAMILY)

la familia the family los padres the parents

el marido/esposo the husband la mujer/esposa the wife
el padre/papa the father la madre/mama the mother
el hijo the son la hija the daughter
los hijos the children los hermanos the brothers
el hermano the brother la hermana the sister
el hijo unico the only son la hija unica the only daughter
el muchacho the kid (boy) la muchacha the kid (girl)
el abuelo the grandfather la abuela the grandmother
los abuelos the grandparents los nietos the grandchildren
el nieto the grandson la nieta the granddaughter
el tio the uncle la tia the aunt
el sobrino the nephew la sobrina the niece
el primo the male cousin la prima the female cousin
los primos the cousins los parientes the relatives
los gemelos the male twins las gemelas the female twins
el suegro the father-in-law la suegra the mother-in-law
el cuῇado the brother-in-law la cuῇada the sister-in-law
el yerno the son-in-law la nuera the daughter-in-law
el medio hermano the half-brother la media hermana the half-sister
el padrastro the stepfather la madrastra the stepmother
el hermanastro the half-brother la hermanastra the stepsister
el hijastro the stepson la hijastra the stepdaughter
el padrino the godfather la padrina the godmother
el adolescente the teenager el bebe the baby
el niῇo the boy la niῇa the girl

LOS ADJETIVOS
annoying fastidioso fast rapido
athletic atletico fat gordo
bad malo free (no charge) gratis
beautiful hermoso, guapa free (unrestrained) libre
big grande free (available) libre, disponible
blond, fair-haired rubio full lleno
bored, boring aburrido funny comico,humoroso
brunette, dark-haired moreno gentle tierno
busy ocupado good bueno
chatty,talkative hablador handsome guapo
cheap barato hard, difficult dificil,duro
clean limpio heavy pesado
closed cerrado high alto
clumsy torpe hot caliente
cool (not warm) fresco intelligent inteligente
crazy loco interesting interesante
cute mono kind,nice amable
dangerous peligroso last ultimo
dear querido lazy perezoso
different diferente, distinto left (not right) izquierdo
dirty sucio light (not heavy) ligero
dry seco light (not dark) claro
easy facil long largo
empty vacio loud,noisy ruidoso
expensive caro mean mezquino
famous famoso narrow estrecho
new nuevo old viejo
open abierto pleasant, agreeable simpatico, agradable
poor pobre pretty bonito
proud orgulloso quiet, peaceful tranquilo
red-haired pelirrojo rich rico
right (not left) derecho sad triste
right (not wrong) justo, correcto safe seguro
short (not long) corto, breve shy timido
short (not tall) bajo similar similar, semejante
silent silencioso skinny flaco
slow lento small pequeῇo
smooth suave soft blando
strong fuerte stupid estupido
tall alto thin delgado
true verdadero ugly feo
weak debil wet mojado
wide,broad ancho wrong, false falso, incorrecto
young joven
 LOS VERBOS
Common -AR verbs
acabar to finish empujar to push
acompañar to accompany enseñar to show,teach
aconsejar to advise entrar to enter
adivinar to guess entregar to turn in
agarrar to grab escuchar to listen
ahorrar to save estacionar to park
alquilar to rent estudiar to study
amar to love evitar to avoid
andar to go, to walk explicar to explain
apagar to turn off felicitar to congratulate
apreciar to appreciate firmar to sign
arreglar to arrange, to fix fumar to smoke
aumentar to increase ganar to earn,win
averiguar to find out gastar to spend, waste
ayudar to help gritar to shout
bailar to dance hablar to speak
bajar to lower invitar to invite
besar to kiss jalar to pull
borrar to erase lavar to wash
brincar to bounce limpiar to clean
bromear to tease llamar to call
buscar to look for llegar to arrive
cambiar to change llenar to fill
caminar to walk llevar to carry
cantar to sing llorar to cry
cargar to charge mandar to send
charlar to chat manejar to drive
chocar to crash marcar to dial, mark
cocinar to cook mirar to look
colocar to place nadar to swim
comprar to buy necesitar to need
contestar to answer ordenar to order
contratar to hire pagar to pay
cortar to cut parar to stop
cruzar to cross pasar to happen, pass
dejar to allow, leave pegar to hit
descansar to rest pelear to fight
descar to desire pescar to fish
dibujar to draw pintar to paint
disfrutar to enjoy practicar to practice
doblar to turn,bend preguntar to ask
durar to last preparar to prepare
pronunciar to pronounce terminar to end
quitar to remove tirar to throw
regresar to return tocar to play a musical
instrument, touch
repasar to review tomar to take,drink
echar to push presentar to present
respirar to breathe trabajar to work
rezar to pray tratar to try
sacar to take out usar to use
saludar to greet viajar to travel
secar to dry visitar to visit

Common -ER verbs

aprender to learn deber to owe, be supposed to
barrer to sweep leer to read
beber to drink meter to put inside
caber to fit prender to turn on
comer to eat prometer to promise
comprender to comprehend romper to break
correr to run vender to sell
creer to believe

Common -IR verbs

abrir to open insistir to insist
añadir to add ocurrir to happen
asistir to attend permitir to allow
cubrir to cover recibir to receive
decidir to decide subir to climb
discutir to argue, discuss vivir to live
escribir to write
 SER and ESTAR

Ser and estar are the equivalents of “to be.” In Spanish, ser and estar are different in meaning
and usage.

SER ESTAR
YO soy estoy
TU eres estas
EL/ELLA/USTED es esta
NOSOTROS somos estamos
VOSOTROS sois estais
ELLOS/ELLAS/USTEDES son estan

 SER is used to express :

1. the identity of the subject (person, thing, animal, event,etc.)
- Yo soy Pedro. / Este es el mercado. / El 12 de junio es la independencia de las Filipinas.
2. someone’s profession
- Nosotros somos estudiantes. / Annabee es una decana. / Los hombres son soldados.
3. essential or inherent qualities not likely to change
- Gloria es Filipina./ La familia es Cristiana. / El presidente es honrado.
4. characteristics of physical appearance and personality
- Bon es alto./ Teresa es bonita. / Los turistas son simpaticos.
5. when and where an event is taking place
- Mañana es mi cumpleaños. / Las reunions son en el salon de conferencias./ Hoy es el tres de
agosto.
 ESTAR is used to express :
1. location ( permanent, temporary, real, imaginary)
- La ciudad de Bacolod esta en las Filipinas. / Yo estoy en la casa ahora./ Nosotros estamos en
la universidad.
2. temporary physical and mental conditions
- Los chicos estan enfermos. / Ellos estan delgados./ Tu estas deprimida.(depressed)
3. temporary traits or qualities
- Ella esta preñada (pregnant or expecting)/Las chicas estan maduras(mature) para su edad.
Adjectives with ser and estar

ser aburrido to be boring estar aburrido to be bored

ser bueno to be good estar bueno to be attentive
ser listo to be clever estar listo to be ready
ser malo to be bad estar malo to be ill
ser orgulloso to be vain estar orgulloso to be proud
ser palido to be fair-skinned estar palido to be pale
ser rico to be rich estar rico to be tasty
ser seguro to be safe estar seguro to be sure
ser viejo to be old (age) estar viejo to look old
ser vivo to be sharp estar vivo to be alive