ASCE 7-16 PUPR Seismic Loads

0.15, the structure is permitted to be assigned to Seismic Design Table 11.
4-2 Long-Period Site Coefficient, F v

Category A and is only required to comply with Section 11.7.
Mapped Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Spectral
Response Acceleration Parameter at 1-s Period
User Note: Electronic values of mapped acceleration para-
meters and other seismic design parameters are provided at
Site
the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) website at https://doi.org/ Class S 1 ≤ 0.1 S 1 = 0.2 S 1 = 0.3 S 1 = 0.4 S 1 = 0.5 S 1 ≥ 0.6
10.5066/F7NK3C76.
A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
11.4.3 Site Class. Based on the site soil properties, the site shall B 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
be classified as Site Class A, B, C, D, E, or F in accordance with C 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4
Chapter 20. Where the soil properties are not known in sufficient D 2.4 2.2a 2.0a 1.9a 1.8a 1.7a
detail to determine the site class, Site Class D, subject to the E 4.2 See See See See See
requirements of Section 11.4.4, shall be used unless the authority Section Section Section Section Section
having jurisdiction or geotechnical data determine that Site Class 11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8
E or F soils are present at the site. F See See See See See See
For situations in which site investigations, performed in accor- Section Section Section Section Section Section
dance with Chapter 20, reveal rock conditions consistent with Site 11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8
Class B, but site-specific velocity measurements are not made, the
Note: Use straight-line interpolation for intermediate values of S1 .
site coefficients F a , F v , and F PGA shall be taken as unity (1.0). a
Also, see requirements for site-specific ground motions in Section 11.4.8.
11.4.4 Site Coefficients and Risk-Targeted Maximum
Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Spectral Response
Acceleration Parameters. The MCER spectral response
acceleration parameters for short periods (SMS ) and at 1 s SDS
(SM1 ), adjusted for site class effects, shall be determined by Spectral Response Acceleration, Sa (g)
Eqs. (11.4-1) and (11.4-2), respectively. Sa =
SD1
T
SMS = F a SS (11.4-1)
SM1 = F v S1 (11.4-2) SD1 SD1⋅TL

Sa =
T2
where
SS = the mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter
at short periods as determined in accordance with
Section 11.4.2, and
S1 = the mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter T0 TS 1.0 TL
at a period of 1 s as determined in accordance with Period, T (sec)
Section 11.4.2 FIGURE 11.4-1 Design Response Spectrum
where site coefficients F a and F v are defined in Tables 11.4-1 and
11.4-2, respectively. Where Site Class D is selected as the default
site class per Section 11.4.3, the value of F a shall not be less than 11.4.5 Design Spectral Acceleration Parameters. Design
1.2. Where the simplified design procedure of Section 12.14 is earthquake spectral response acceleration parameters at short
used, the value of F a shall be determined in accordance with periods, SDS , and at 1-s periods, SD1 , shall be determined
Section 12.14.8.1, and the values for F v , SMS , and SM1 need not from Eqs. (11.4-3) and (11.4-4), respectively. Where the
be determined. alternate simplified design procedure of Section 12.14 is used,
the value of SDS shall be determined in accordance with
Table 11.4-1 Short-Period Site Coefficient, F a
Section 12.14.8.1, and the value for SD1 need not be determined.
2
Mapped Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Spectral SDS = SMS (11.4-3)
Response Acceleration Parameter at Short Period 3
2
Site SD1 = SM1 (11.4-4)
Class S S ≤ 0.25 S S = 0.5 S S = 0.75 S S = 1.0 S S = 1.25 S S ≥ 1.5
3
11.4.6 Design Response Spectrum. Where a design response

A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
spectrum is required by this standard and site-specific ground
B 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
motion procedures are not used, the design response spectrum
C 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
D 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0
curve shall be developed as indicated in Fig. 11.4-1 and as
E 2.4 1.7 1.3 See See See follows:
Section Section Section 1. For periods less than T 0 , the design spectral response
11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8 acceleration, Sa , shall be taken as given in Eq. (11.4-5):
F See See See See See See
Section Section Section Section Section Section
T
11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8 11.4.8 Sa = SDS 0.4 þ 0.6 (11.4-5)
T0
Note: Use straight-line interpolation for intermediate values of Ss .
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
84
Copyright American Society of Civil Engineers
STANDARD ASCE/SEI 7-16
Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASCE Licensee=Universidad Politecnica de Puerto Rico/5903746001, User=Pacheco-Crosett
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 05/28/2018 11:57:07 MDT
2. For periods greater than or equal to T 0 and less than or When the procedures of either Section 21.1 or 21.2 are used,
equal to T S , the design spectral response acceleration, Sa , the design response spectrum shall be determined in accordance
shall be taken as equal to SDS . with Section 21.3, the design acceleration parameters shall be
3. For periods greater than T S and less than or equal to T L , the determined in accordance with Section 21.4, and, if required, the
design spectral response acceleration, Sa , shall be taken as MCEG peak ground acceleration parameter shall be determined
given in Eq. (11.4-6): in accordance with Section 21.5.
S
Sa = D1 (11.4-6)
T 11.5 IMPORTANCE FACTOR AND RISK CATEGORY
4. For periods greater than T L , Sa shall be taken as given in 11.5.1 Importance Factor. An Importance Factor, I e , shall be
Eq. (11.4-7): assigned to each structure in accordance with Table 1.5-2.
SD1 T L 11.5.2 Protected Access for Risk Category IV. Where
Sa = (11.4-7) operational access to a Risk Category IV structure is required
T2
through an adjacent structure, the adjacent structure shall
where conform to the requirements for Risk Category IV structures.
SDS = the design spectral response acceleration parameter at short Where operational access is less than 10 ft (3.048 m) from
periods an interior lot line or another structure on the same lot,
SD1 = the design spectral response acceleration parameter at a 1-s protection from potential falling debris from adjacent
period structures shall be provided by the owner of the Risk
T = the fundamental period of the structure, s Category IV structure.
T 0 = 0.2(SD1 =SDS )
T S = SD1 =SDS , and 11.6 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY
T L = long-period transition period(s) shown in Figs. 22-14
through 22-17. Structures shall be assigned a Seismic Design Category in
accordance with this section.
11.4.7 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake Risk Category I, II, or III structures located where the mapped
(MCER ) Response Spectrum. Where an MCER response spectral response acceleration parameter at 1-s period, S1 , is
spectrum is required, it shall be determined by multiplying the greater than or equal to 0.75 shall be assigned to Seismic Design
design response spectrum by 1.5. Category E. Risk Category IV structures located where the
mapped spectral response acceleration parameter at 1-s period,
11.4.8 Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures. A site S1 , is greater than or equal to 0.75 shall be assigned to Seismic
response analysis shall be performed in accordance with Design Category F. All other structures shall be assigned to a
Section 21.1 for structures on Site Class F sites, unless Seismic Design Category based on their Risk Category and the
exempted in accordance with Section 20.3.1. A ground design spectral response acceleration parameters, SDS and SD1 ,
motion hazard analysis shall be performed in accordance with determined in accordance with Section 11.4.5. Each building and
Section 21.2 for the following: structure shall be assigned to the more severe Seismic Design
1. seismically isolated structures and structures with Category in accordance with Table 11.6-1 or 11.6-2, irrespective
damping systems on sites with S1 greater than or equal
to 0.6,
2. structures on Site Class E sites with Ss greater than or equal TABLE 11.6-1 Seismic Design Category Based on Short-Period
to 1.0, and. Response Acceleration Parameter
3. structures on Site Class D and E sites with S1 greater than
or equal to 0.2. Risk Category
EXCEPTION: A ground motion hazard analysis is not Value of S DS I or II or III IV

required for structures other than seismically isolated structures
and structures with damping systems where: SDS < 0.167 A A
1. Structures on Site Class E sites with SS greater than or equal 0.167 ≤ SDS < 0.33 B C
0.33 ≤ SDS < 0.50 C D
to 1.0, provided the site coefficient F a is taken as equal to
0.50 ≤ SDS D D
that of Site Class C.
2. Structures on Site Class D sites with S1 greater than or
equal to 0.2, provided the value of the seismic response
coefficient C s is determined by Eq. (12.8-2) for values of TABLE 11.6-2 Seismic Design Category Based on 1-s Period
T ≤ 1.5T s and taken as equal to 1.5 times the value Response Acceleration Parameter
computed in accordance with either Eq. (12.8-3) for T L ≥
T > 1.5T s or Eq. (12.8-4) for T > T L . Risk Category
3. Structures on Site Class E sites with S1 greater than or equal
to 0.2, provided that T is less than or equal to T s and the Value of S D1 I or II or III IV
equivalent static force procedure is used for design.
SD1 < 0.067 A A
It shall be permitted to perform a site response analysis in
0.067 ≤ SD1 < 0.133 B C
accordance with Section 21.1 and/or a ground motion hazard 0.133 ≤ SD1 < 0.20 C D
analysis in accordance with Section 21.2 to determine ground 0.20 ≤ SD1 D D
motions for any structure.
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures
85
CHAPTER 12
SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES
12.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS smaller portion or 5% of the portion’s weight, whichever is
greater. This connection force does not apply to the overall
12.1.1 Basic Requirements. The seismic analysis and design
design of the seismic force-resisting system. Connection
procedures to be used in the design of building structures and
design forces need not exceed the maximum forces that the
their members shall be as prescribed in this section. The building
structural system can deliver to the connection.
structure shall include complete lateral and vertical force-
resisting systems capable of providing adequate strength, 12.1.4 Connection to Supports. A positive connection for
stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity to withstand the resisting a horizontal force acting parallel to the member shall
design ground motions within the prescribed limits of be provided for each beam, girder, or truss, either directly to its
deformation and strength demand. The design ground motions supporting elements or to slabs designed to act as diaphragms.
shall be assumed to occur along any horizontal direction of a Where the connection is through a diaphragm, then the member’s
building structure. The adequacy of the structural systems shall supporting element must also be connected to the diaphragm.
be demonstrated through the construction of a mathematical The connection shall have a minimum design strength of 5% of
model and evaluation of this model for the effects of design the dead plus live load reaction.
ground motions. The design seismic forces and their distribution
12.1.5 Foundation Design. The foundation shall be designed to
over the height of the building structure shall be established in
resist the forces developed and to accommodate the movements
accordance with one of the applicable procedures indicated in
imparted to the structure and foundation by the design ground
Section 12.6, and the corresponding internal forces and
motions. The dynamic nature of the forces, the expected ground
deformations in the members of the structure shall be
motion, the design basis for strength and energy dissipation
determined. An approved alternative procedure shall not be
capacity of the structure, and the dynamic properties of the
used to establish the seismic forces and their distribution
soil shall be included in the determination of the foundation
unless the corresponding internal forces and deformations in
design criteria. The design and construction of foundations shall
the members are determined using a model consistent with the
comply with Section 12.13.
procedure adopted.
When calculating load combinations using either the load
EXCEPTION: As an alternative, the simplified design pro- combinations specified in Sections 2.3 or 2.4, the weights of
cedures of Section 12.14 are permitted to be used in lieu of the foundations shall be considered dead loads in accordance with
requirements of Sections 12.1 through 12.12, subject to all of the Section 3.1.2. The dead loads are permitted to include overlying
limitations contained in Section 12.14. fill and paving materials.
12.1.2 Member Design, Connection Design, and Deformation 12.1.6 Material Design and Detailing Requirements.
Limit. Individual members, including those not part of the Structural elements, including foundation elements, shall
seismic force-resisting system, shall be provided with adequate conform to the material design and detailing requirements set
strength to resist the shears, axial forces, and moments determined forth in Chapter 14.
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
in accordance with this standard, and connections shall develop
the strength of the connected members or the forces indicated in 12.2 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SELECTION
Section 12.1.1. The deformation of the structure shall not exceed
the prescribed limits where the structure is subjected to the design 12.2.1 Selection and Limitations. Except as noted in
seismic forces. Section 12.2.1.1, the basic lateral and vertical seismic force-
resisting system shall conform to one of the types indicated in
12.1.3 Continuous Load Path and Interconnection. A Table 12.2-1 or a combination of systems as permitted in
continuous load path, or paths, with adequate strength and Sections 12.2.2, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4. Each system is subdivided
stiffness shall be provided to transfer all forces from the point by the types of vertical elements used to resist lateral seismic
of application to the final point of resistance. All parts of the forces. The structural systems used shall be in accordance with
structure between separation joints shall be interconnected to the structural system limitations and the limits on structural
form a continuous path to the seismic force-resisting system, and height, hn , contained in Table 12.2-1. The appropriate
the connections shall be capable of transmitting the seismic force response modification coefficient, R; overstrength factor, Ω0 ;
(F p ) induced by the parts being connected. Any smaller portion and deflection amplification factor, C d , indicated in Table 12.2-1
of the structure shall be tied to the remainder of the structure with shall be used in determining the base shear, element design
elements that have a design strength capable of transmitting a forces, and design story drift.
seismic force of 0.133 times the short-period design spectral Each selected seismic force-resisting system shall be designed
response acceleration parameter, SDS , times the weight of the and detailed in accordance with the specific requirements for the
89
90
Table 12.2-1 Design Coefficients and Factors for Seismic Force-Resisting Systems
Structural System Limitations

Including Structural Height, h n (ft) Limitsd
ASCE 7 Section
Seismic Design Category
Where Detailing Response Deflection

Requirements Modification Overstrength Amplification
Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASCE

Seismic Force-Resisting System Are Specified Coefficient, R a Factor, Ω0 b Factor, C d c B C De Ee Ff
A. BEARING WALL SYSTEMS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

1. Special reinforced concrete shear wallsg,h 14.2 5 2½ 5 NL NL 160 160 100
2. Ordinary reinforced concrete shear wallsg 14.2 4 2½ 4 NL NL NP NP NP
3. Detailed plain concrete shear wallsg 14.2 2 2½ 2 NL NP NP NP NP
4. Ordinary plain concrete shear wallsg 14.2 1½ 2½ 1½ NL NP NP NP NP
5. Intermediate precast shear wallsg 14.2 4 2½ 4 NL NL 40i 40i 40i
6. Ordinary precast shear wallsg 14.2 3 2½ 3 NL NP NP NP NP
7. Special reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 5 2½ 3½ NL NL 160 160 100
8. Intermediate reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 3½ 2½ 2¼ NL NL NP NP NP
9. Ordinary reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 2 2½ 1¾ NL 160 NP NP NP
10. Detailed plain masonry shear walls 14.4 2 2½ 1¾ NL NP NP NP NP
11. Ordinary plain masonry shear walls 14.4 1½ 2½ 1¼ NL NP NP NP NP
12. Prestressed masonry shear walls 14.4 1½ 2½ 1¾ NL NP NP NP NP
13. Ordinary reinforced AAC masonry shear walls 14.4 2 2½ 2 NL 35 NP NP NP
14. Ordinary plain AAC masonry shear walls 14.4 1½ 2½ 1½ NL NP NP NP NP
15. Light-frame (wood) walls sheathed with wood structural panels rated for 14.5 6½ 3 4 NL NL 65 65 65
shear resistance
16. Light-frame (cold-formed steel) walls sheathed with wood structural panels 14.1 6½ 3 4 NL NL 65 65 65
rated for shear resistance or steel sheets
17. Light-frame walls with shear panels of all other materials 14.1 and 14.5 2 2½ 2 NL NL 35 NP NP
18. Light-frame (cold-formed steel) wall systems using flat strap bracing 14.1 4 2 3½ NL NL 65 65 65
B. BUILDING FRAME SYSTEMS

1. Steel eccentrically braced frames 14.1 8 2 4 NL NL 160 160 100
2. Steel special concentrically braced frames 14.1 6 2 5 NL NL 160 160 100
3. Steel ordinary concentrically braced frames 14.1 3¼ 2 3¼ NL NL 35j 35j NPj
Not for Resale, 05/28/2018 11:57:07 MDT

4. Special reinforced concrete shear walls g,h 14.2 6 2½ 5 NL NL 160 160 100
5. Ordinary reinforced concrete shear wallsg 14.2 5 2½ 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
6. Detailed plain concrete shear wallsg 14.2 and 2 2½ 2 NL NP NP NP NP
14.2.2.7
7. Ordinary plain concrete shear wallsg 14.2 1½ 2½ 1½ NL NP NP NP NP
8. Intermediate precast shear wallsg 14.2 5 2½ 4½ NL NL 40i 40i 40i
9. Ordinary precast shear wallsg 14.2 4 2½ 4 NL NP NP NP NP
10. Steel and concrete composite eccentrically braced frames 14.3 8 2½ 4 NL NL 160 160 100
11. Steel and concrete composite special concentrically braced frames 14.3 5 2 4½ NL NL 160 160 100
12. Steel and concrete composite ordinary braced frames 14.3 3 2 3 NL NL NP NP NP
Licensee=Universidad Politecnica de Puerto Rico/5903746001, User=Pacheco-Crosett

13. Steel and concrete composite plate shear walls 14.3 6½ 2½ 5½ NL NL 160 160 100
14. Steel and concrete composite special shear walls 14.3 6 2½ 5 NL NL 160 160 100
15. Steel and concrete composite ordinary shear walls 14.3 5 2½ 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
16. Special reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 5½ 2½ 4 NL NL 160 160 100
17. Intermediate reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 4 2½ 4 NL NL NP NP NP
STANDARD 7-16
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
18. Ordinary reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 2 2½ 2 NL 160 NP NP NP
19. Detailed plain masonry shear walls 14.4 2 2½ 2 NL NP NP NP NP
20. Ordinary plain masonry shear walls 14.4 1½ 2½ 1¼ NL NP NP NP NP
21. Prestressed masonry shear walls 14.4 1½ 2½ 1¾ NL NP NP NP NP

22. Light-frame (wood) walls sheathed with wood structural panels rated for 14.5 7 2½ 4½ NL NL 65 65 65

shear resistance
23. Light-frame (cold-formed steel) walls sheathed with wood structural panels 14.1 7 2½ 4½ NL NL 65 65 65
rated for shear resistance or steel sheets

24. Light-frame walls with shear panels of all other materials 14.1 and 14.5 2½ 2½ 2½ NL NL 35 NP NP
25. Steel buckling-restrained braced frames 14.1 8 2½ 5 NL NL 160 160 100
26. Steel special plate shear walls 14.1 7 2 6 NL NL 160 160 100
C. MOMENT-RESISTING FRAME SYSTEMS
1. Steel special moment frames 14.1 and 12.2.5.5 8 3 5½ NL NL NL NL NL
2. Steel special truss moment frames 14.1 7 3 5½ NL NL 160 100 NP
3. Steel intermediate moment frames 12.2.5.7 and 14.1 4½ 3 4 NL NL 35k NPk NPk
4. Steel ordinary moment frames 12.2.5.6 and 14.1 3½ 3 3 NL NL NPl NPl NPl
5. Special reinforced concrete moment framesm 12.2.5.5 and 14.2 8 3 5½ NL NL NL NL NL
6. Intermediate reinforced concrete moment frames 14.2 5 3 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
7. Ordinary reinforced concrete moment frames 14.2 3 3 2½ NL NP NP NP NP
8. Steel and concrete composite special moment frames 12.2.5.5 and 14.3 8 3 5½ NL NL NL NL NL
9. Steel and concrete composite intermediate moment frames 14.3 5 3 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
10. Steel and concrete composite partially restrained moment frames 14.3 6 3 5½ 160 160 100 NP NP
11. Steel and concrete composite ordinary moment frames 14.3 3 3 2½ NL NP NP NP NP
12. Cold-formed steel—special bolted moment framen 14.1 3½ 3o 3½ 35 35 35 35 35
D. DUAL SYSTEMS WITH SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES CAPABLE 12.2.5.1
OF RESISTING AT LEAST 25% OF PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
1. Steel eccentrically braced frames 14.1 8 2½ 4 NL NL NL NL NL
2. Steel special concentrically braced frames 14.1 7 2½ 5½ NL NL NL NL NL
3. Special reinforced concrete shear wallsg,h 14.2 7 2½ 5½ NL NL NL NL NL
4. Ordinary reinforced concrete shear wallsg 14.2 6 2½ 5 NL NL NP NP NP
5. Steel and concrete composite eccentrically braced frames 14.3 8 2½ 4 NL NL NL NL NL

6. Steel and concrete composite special concentrically braced frames 14.3 6 2½ 5 NL NL NL NL NL
7. Steel and concrete composite plate shear walls 14.3 7½ 2½ 6 NL NL NL NL NL
8. Steel and concrete composite special shear walls 14.3 7 2½ 6 NL NL NL NL NL
9. Steel and concrete composite ordinary shear walls 14.3 6 2½ 5 NL NL NP NP NP
10. Special reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 5½ 3 5 NL NL NL NL NL
11. Intermediate reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 4 3 3½ NL NL NP NP NP
12. Steel buckling-restrained braced frames 14.1 8 2½ 5 NL NL NL NL NL
13. Steel special plate shear walls 14.1 8 2½ 6½ NL NL NL NL NL
E. DUAL SYSTEMS WITH INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES 12.2.5.1
CAPABLE OF RESISTING AT LEAST 25% OF PRESCRIBED

SEISMIC FORCES
1. Steel special concentrically braced framesp 14.1 6 2½ 5 NL NL 35 NP NP
2. Special reinforced concrete shear wallsg,h 14.2 6½ 2½ 5 NL NL 160 100 100
3. Ordinary reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 3 3 2½ NL 160 NP NP NP
4. Intermediate reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 3½ 3 3 NL NL NP NP NP
continues
91
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
92
Table 12.2-1 (Continued) Design Coefficients and Factors for Seismic Force-Resisting Systems
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Structural System Limitations

Including Structural Height, h n (ft) Limitsd
ASCE 7 Section
Seismic Design Category
Where Detailing Response Deflection

Requirements Modification Overstrength Amplification

Seismic Force-Resisting System Are Specified Coefficient, R a Factor, Ω0 b Factor, C d c B C De Ee Ff
5. Steel and concrete composite special concentrically braced frames 14.3 5½ 2½ 4½ NL NL 160 100 NP

6. Steel and concrete composite ordinary braced frames 14.3 3½ 2½ 3 NL NL NP NP NP
7. Steel and concrete composite ordinary shear walls 14.3 5 3 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
8. Ordinary reinforced concrete shear wallsg 14.2 5½ 2½ 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
F. SHEAR WALL-FRAME INTERACTIVE SYSTEM WITH 12.2.5.8 and 14.2 4½ 2½ 4 NL NP NP NP NP
ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE MOMENT FRAMES AND
ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLSg
G. CANTILEVERED COLUMN SYSTEMS DETAILED TO CONFORM 12.2.5.2
TO THE REQUIREMENTS FOR:
1. Steel special cantilever column systems 14.1 2½ 1¼ 2½ 35 35 35 35 35
2. Steel ordinary cantilever column systems 14.1 1¼ 1¼ 1¼ 35 35 NPl NPl NPl
3. Special reinforced concrete moment framesm 12.2.5.5 and 14.2 2½ 1¼ 2½ 35 35 35 35 35
4. Intermediate reinforced concrete moment frames 14.2 1½ 1¼ 1½ 35 35 NP NP NP
5. Ordinary reinforced concrete moment frames 14.2 1 1¼ 1 35 NP NP NP NP
6. Timber frames 14.5 1½ 1½ 1½ 35 35 35 NP NP
H. STEEL SYSTEMS NOT SPECIFICALLY DETAILED FOR SEISMIC 14.1 3 3 3 NL NL NP NP NP
RESISTANCE, EXCLUDING CANTILEVER COLUMN SYSTEMS
a
Response modification coefficient, R, for use throughout the standard. Note that R reduces forces to a strength level, not an allowable stress level.
b
Where the tabulated value of the overstrength factor, Ω0 , is greater than or equal to 2½, Ω0 is permitted to be reduced by subtracting the value of 1∕2 for structures with flexible diaphragms.
c
Deflection amplification factor, Cd , for use in Sections 12.8.6, 12.8.7, and 12.9.1.2.
d
NL = Not Limited, and NP = Not Permitted. For metric units, use 30.5 m for 100 ft and use 48.8 m for 160 ft.
e
See Section 12.2.5.4 for a description of seismic force-resisting systems limited to buildings with a structural height, hn , of 240 ft (73.2 m) or less.
f
See Section 12.2.5.4 for seismic force-resisting systems limited to buildings with a structural height, hn , of 160 ft (48.8 m) or less.
g
In Section 2.3 of ACI 318. A shear wall is defined as a structural wall.
h

In Section 2.3 of ACI 318. The definition of “special structural wall” includes precast and cast-in-place construction.
i
An increase in structural height, hn , to 45 ft (13.7 m) is permitted for single-story storage warehouse facilities.
j
Steel ordinary concentrically braced frames are permitted in single-story buildings up to a structural height, hn , of 60 ft (18.3 m) where the dead load of the roof does not exceed 20 lb∕ft2 (0.96 kN∕m2 ) and in penthouse
structures.
k
See Section 12.2.5.7 for limitations in structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories D, E, or F.
l
See Section 12.2.5.6 for limitations in structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories D, E, or F.
m
In Section 2.3 of ACI 318. The definition of “special moment frame” includes precast and cast-in-place construction.
n
Cold-formed steel—special bolted moment frames shall be limited to one story in height in accordance with ANSI/AISI S400.
o
Alternately, the seismic load effect including overstrength, Emh , is permitted to be based on the expected strength determined in accordance with ANSI/AISI S400.
p
Ordinary moment frame is permitted to be used in lieu of intermediate moment frame for Seismic Design Categories B or C.

STANDARD 7-16
12.7.3 Structural Modeling. A mathematical model of the S
structure shall be constructed for the purpose of determining C s = DS (12.8-2)
R
member forces and structure displacements resulting from Ie
applied loads and any imposed displacements or P-delta
effects. The model shall include the stiffness and strength of
where
elements that are significant to the distribution of forces and
deformations in the structure and represent the spatial distribution SDS = the design spectral response acceleration parameter in the
of mass and stiffness throughout the structure. short period range as determined from Section 11.4.5 or
In addition, the model shall comply with the following: 11.4.8;
R = the response modification factor in Table 12.2-1; and
a. Stiffness properties of concrete and masonry elements shall
I e = the Importance Factor determined in accordance with
consider the effects of cracked sections.
Section 11.5.1.
b. For steel moment frame systems, the contribution of
panel zone deformations to overall story drift shall be The value of C s computed in accordance with Eq. (12.8-2)
included. need not exceed the following:
Structures that have horizontal structural irregularity Type 1a,
1b, 4, or 5 of Table 12.3-1 shall be analyzed using a 3D for T ≤ T L
representation. Where a 3D model is used, a minimum of three S
degrees of freedom consisting of translation in two orthogonal C s = D1 (12.8-3)
R
plan directions and rotation about the vertical axis shall be T
Ie
included at each level of the structure. Where the diaphragms
have not been classified as rigid or flexible in accordance with
Section 12.3.1, the model shall include representation of the
for T > T L
diaphragm’s stiffness characteristics and, when dynamic analysis
is performed, sufficient degrees of freedom as are required to SD1 T L
Cs = (12.8-4)
account for the participation of the diaphragm in the structure’s R
dynamic response. When modal response spectrum or response T2
Ie
history analysis is performed, a minimum of three dynamic
degrees of freedom consisting of translation in two orthogonal C s shall not be less than
plan directions and torsional rotation about the vertical axis at
each level of the structure shall be used. C s = 0.044SDS I e ≥ 0.01 (12.8-5)
EXCEPTION: Analysis using a 3D representation is not
In addition, for structures located where S1 is equal to or greater
required for structures with flexible diaphragms that have Type
than 0.6g, C s shall not be less than
4 horizontal structural irregularities.
12.7.4 Interaction Effects. Moment-resisting frames that are C s = 0.5S1 ∕ðR∕I e Þ (12.8-6)
enclosed or adjoined by elements that are more rigid and not
where I e and R are as defined in this section, and
considered to be part of the seismic force-resisting system
shall be designed so that the action or failure of those SD1 = the design spectral response acceleration parameter at a
elements will not impair the vertical load and seismic force- period of 1.0 s, as determined from Section 11.4.5 or
resisting capability of the frame. The design shall provide for the 11.4.6;
effect of these rigid elements on the structural system at T = the fundamental period of the structure(s) determined in
structural deformations corresponding to the design story drift Section 12.8.2;
(Δ) as determined in Section 12.8.6. In addition, the effects of T L = long-period transition period(s) determined in Section
these elements shall be considered where determining whether a 11.4.6; and
structure has one or more of the irregularities defined in S1 = the mapped maximum considered earthquake spectral
Section 12.3.2. response acceleration parameter determined in accordance
with Section 11.4.2 or 11.4.4.
12.8 EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE (ELF) 12.8.1.2 Soil–Structure Interaction Reduction. A soil–
PROCEDURE structure interaction reduction is permitted where determined
12.8.1 Seismic Base Shear. The seismic base shear, V, in a using Chapter 19 or other generally accepted procedures
given direction shall be determined in accordance with the approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
following equation: 12.8.1.3 Maximum SDS Value in Determination of Cs and
V = Cs W (12.8-1) Ev. The values of C s and E v are permitted to be calculated using
a value of SDS equal to 1.0, but not less than 70% of SDS , as
defined in Section 11.4.5, provided that all of the following
where
criteria are met:
C s = the seismic response coefficient determined in accordance
1. The structure does not have irregularities, as defined in
with Section 12.8.1.1, and
Section 12.3.2;
W = the effective seismic weight per Section 12.7.2.
2. The structure does not exceed five stories above the lower
12.8.1.1 Calculation of Seismic Response Coefficient. The of the base or grade plane as defined in Section 11.2. Where
seismic response coefficient, C s , shall be determined in present, each mezzanine level shall be considered a story
accordance with Eq. (12.8-2). for the purposes of this limit;
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
101
3. The structure has a fundamental period, T, that does not for structures not exceeding 12 stories above the base as defined
exceed 0.5 s, as determined using Section 12.8.2; in Section 11.2 where the seismic force-resisting system consists
4. The structure meets the requirements necessary for the entirely of concrete or steel moment-resisting frames and the
redundancy factor, ρ, to be permitted to be taken as 1.0, in average story height is at least 10 ft (3 m):
accordance with Section 12.3.4.2;
5. The site soil properties are not classified as Site Class E or T a = 0.1 N (12.8-8)
F, as defined in Section 11.4.3; and
where N = number of stories above the base.
6. The structure is classified as Risk Category I or II, as
The approximate fundamental period, T a , in seconds, for
defined in Section 1.5.1.
masonry or concrete shear wall structures not exceeding 120 ft
(36.6 m) in height is permitted to be determined from
12.8.2 Period Determination. The fundamental period of the Eq. (12.8-9) as follows:
structure, T, in the direction under consideration shall be
established using the structural properties and deformational Cq
characteristics of the resisting elements in a properly T a = pffiffiffiffiffiffi hn (12.8-9)
Cw
substantiated analysis. The fundamental period, T, shall not
exceed the product of the coefficient for upper limit on where
calculated period (C u ) from Table 12.8-1 and the approximate C q = 0.0019 ft (0.00058 m)
fundamental period, T a , determined in accordance with C w is calculated from Eq. (12.8-10) as follows:
Section 12.8.2.1. As an alternative to performing an analysis
to determine the fundamental period, T, it is permitted to use the 100 Xx
Ai
Cw = h 2 (12.8-10)
approximate building period, T a , calculated in accordance with AB i = 1
Section 12.8.2.1, directly. 1 þ 0.83 n
Di
12.8.2.1 Approximate Fundamental Period. The approximate where
fundamental period (T a ), in seconds, shall be determined from the
following equation: AB = area of base of structure [ft2 (m2 )];
Ai = web area of shear wall i [ft2 (m2 )];
T a = C t hxn (12.8-7) Di = length of shear wall i [ft (m)]; and
x = number of shear walls in the building effective in resisting
where hn is the structural height as defined in Section 11.2 and the lateral forces in the direction under consideration.
coefficients C t and x are determined from Table 12.8-2.
Alternatively, it is permitted to determine the approximate 12.8.3 Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces. The lateral
fundamental period (T a ), in seconds, from the following equation seismic force (F x ) (kip or kN) induced at any level shall be
determined from the following equations:
F x = C vx V (12.8-11)
Table 12.8-1 Coefficient for Upper Limit on Calculated Period
and
Design Spectral Response Acceleration
wx hkx
Parameter at 1 s, S D 1 Coefficient C u C vx = X
n (12.8-12)
wi hki
≥0.4 1.4 i=1
0.3 1.4
0.2 1.5 where
0.15 1.6 C vx = vertical distribution factor;
≤0.1 1.7 V = total design lateral force or shear at the base of the
structure [kip (kN)];
wi and wx = portion of the total effective seismic weight of the
Table 12.8-2 Values of Approximate Period Parameters C t and x structure (W) located or assigned to level i or x;
hi and hx = height [ft (m)] from the base to level i or x; and
Structure Type Ct x k = an exponent related to the structure period as follows:
• for structures that have a period of 0.5 s or less,
Moment-resisting frame systems in which the k = 1;
frames resist 100% of the required seismic
• for structures that have a period of 2.5 s or more,
force and are not enclosed or adjoined by
k = 2; and
components that are more rigid and will
prevent the frames from deflecting where
• for structures that have a period between 0.5 and
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
subjected to seismic forces:

2.5 s, k shall be 2 or shall be determined by linear
Steel moment-resisting frames 0.028 (0.0724)a 0.8 interpolation between 1 and 2.
Concrete moment-resisting frames 0.016 (0.0466)a 0.9
Steel eccentrically braced frames in 0.03 (0.0731)a 0.75 12.8.4 Horizontal Distribution of Forces. The seismic design
accordance with Table 12.2-1 lines story shear in any story (V x ) [kip (kN)] shall be determined from
B1 or D1 the following equation:
Steel buckling-restrained braced frames 0.03 (0.0731)a 0.75 X n
All other structural systems 0.02 (0.0488)a 0.75 Vx = Fi (12.8-13)
a i=x
Metric equivalents are shown in parentheses.
102
STANDARD 7-16
CHAPTER 20
SITE CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
20.1 SITE CLASSIFICATION obtained from Tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2 for Site Class D or
E multiplied by a factor that varies linearly from 1.0 at
The site soil shall be classified in accordance with Table 20.3-1
PI = 75 to 1.3 for PI = 125 and is equal to 1.3 for PI > 125;
and Section 20.3 based on the upper 100 ft (30 m) of the site
and (ii) the resulting values of SDS and SD1 obtained using
profile. Where site-specific data are not available to a depth of
the scaled factors F a and F v do not exceed the upper
100 ft (30 m), appropriate soil properties are permitted to be
bound values for Seismic Design Category B given in
estimated by the registered design professional preparing the soil
Tables 11.6-1 and 11.6-2.
investigation report based on known geologic conditions. Where
4. Very thick soft/medium stiff clays [H > 120 ft
the soil properties are not known in sufficient detail to determine
(H > 37 m)] with su < 1,000 psf (su < 50 kPa).
the site class, Site Class D, subject to the requirements of
EXCEPTION: Site response analysis is not required
Section 11.4.4, shall be used unless the Authority Having
for this clay category provided that both of the following
Jurisdiction or geotechnical data determine that Site Class E or
requirements are satisfied: (i) values of F a and F v are
F soils are present at the site. Site Classes A and B shall not be
obtained from Tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2 for Site Class E;
assigned to a site if there is more than 10 ft (3.1 m) of soil
and (ii) the resulting values of SDS and SD1 using the factors
between the rock surface and the bottom of the spread footing or
F a and F v do not exceed the upper bound values for Seismic
mat foundation.
Design Category B given in Tables 11.6-1 and 11.6-2.
20.2 SITE RESPONSE ANALYSIS FOR SITE CLASS F

SOIL 20.3.2 Soft Clay Site Class E. Where a site does not qualify
under the criteria for Site Class F and there is a total thickness of
A site response analysis in accordance with Section 21.1 shall be soft clay greater than 10 ft (3 m) where a soft clay layer is defined
provided for Site Class F soils, unless any of the exceptions to by su < 500 psf (su < 25 kPa), w ≥ 40%, and PI > 20, it shall be
Section 20.3.1 are applicable. classified as Site Class E.
20.3.3 Site Classes C, D, and E. The existence of Site Class C,
20.3 SITE CLASS DEFINITIONS D, and E soils shall be classified by using one of the following
Site class types shall be assigned in accordance with the defini- three methods with v̄s , N̄, and s̄u computed in all cases as
tions provided in Table 20.3-1 and this section. specified in Section 20.4:
20.3.1 Site Class F. Where any of the following conditions is 1. v̄s for the top 100 ft (30 m) (v̄s method).
satisfied, the site shall be classified as Site Class F and a site 2. N̄ for the top 100 ft (30 m) (N̄ method).
response analysis in accordance with Section 21.1 shall be 3. N̄ ch for cohesionless soil layers (PI < 20) in the top 100 ft
performed. (30 m) and s̄u for cohesive soil layers (PI > 20) in the top
100 ft (30 m) (s̄u method). Where the N̄ ch and s̄u criteria
1. Soils vulnerable to potential failure or collapse under differ, the site shall be assigned to the category with the
seismic loading, such as liquefiable soils, quick and highly softer soil.
sensitive clays, and collapsible weakly cemented soils.
EXCEPTION: For structures that have fundamental
20.3.4 Shear Wave Velocity for Site Class B. The shear wave
periods of vibration equal to or less than 0.5 s, site response
velocity for rock, Site Class B, shall be either measured on site or
analysis is not required to determine spectral accelerations
estimated by a geotechnical engineer, engineering geologist, or
for liquefiable soils. Rather, a site class is permitted to be
seismologist for competent rock with moderate fracturing and
determined in accordance with Section 20.3 and the cor-
weathering. Softer and more highly fractured and weathered rock
responding values of F a and F v determined from
shall either be measured on site for shear wave velocity or
Tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2.
classified as Site Class C.
2. Peats and/or highly organic clays [H > 10 ft (H > 3 m)] of
peat and/or highly organic clay where H = thickness of soil. 20.3.5 Shear Wave Velocity for Site Class A. The hard rock,
3. Very high plasticity clays [H > 25 ft (H > 7.6 m) with Site Class A, category shall be supported by shear wave velocity
PI > 75] in a soil profile that would otherwise be classified measurement either on site or on profiles of the same rock type in
as Site Class D or E. the same formation with an equal or greater degree of weathering
EXCEPTION: Site response analysis is not required and fracturing. Where hard rock conditions are known to be
for this clay category provided that both of the following continuous to a depth of 100 ft (30 m), surficial shear wave
requirements are satisfied: (i) values of F a and F v are velocity measurements are permitted to be extrapolated to assess v̄s .
203
Table 20.3-1 Site Classification
Site Class v̄ s N̄ or N̄ ch s̄ u
A. Hard rock > 5,000 ft /s NA NA

B. Rock 2,500 to 5,000 ft /s NA NA
C. Very dense soil and soft rock 1,200 to 2,500 ft /s >50 blows /ft > 2,000 lb /ft2
D. Stiff soil 600 to 1,200 ft /s 15 to 50 blows /ft 1,000 to 2,000 lb /ft2
E. Soft clay soil < 600 ft /s <15 blows /ft < 1,000 lb /ft2
Any profile with more than 10 ft of soil that has the following characteristics:
— Plasticity index PI > 20,
— Moisture content w ≥ 40%,
— Undrained shear strength s̄u < 500 lb /ft2
F. Soils requiring site response analysis See Section 20.3.1
in accordance with Section 21.1
Note: For SI: 1 ft = 0.3048 m; 1 ft /s = 0.3048 m /s; 1 lb /ft2 = 0.0479 kN /m2 .
20.4 DEFINITIONS OF SITE CLASS PARAMETERS where N i and d i in Eq. (20.4-3) are for cohesionless soil layers
only and
The definitions presented in this section shall apply to the upper
100 ft (30 m) of the site profile. Profiles containing distinct soil
and rock layers shall be subdivided into those layers designated X
m
di = ds
by a number that ranges from 1 to n at the bottom where there are
i=1
a total of n distinct layers in the upper 100 ft (30 m). Where some
of the n layers are cohesive and others are not, k is the number of where
cohesive layers and m is the number of cohesionless layers. The
d s is the total thickness of cohesionless soil layers in the top
symbol i refers to any one of the layers between 1 and n.
100 ft (30 m).
20.4.1 v̄s , Average Shear Wave Velocity. v̄s shall be N i is the standard penetration resistance (ASTM D1586) not to
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
determined in accordance with the following formula: exceed 100 blows /ft (305 blows /m) as directly measured
in the field without corrections.
X
n
di Where refusal is met for a rock layer, N i shall be taken as
i=1 100 blows /ft (305 blows /m).
v̄s = Xn (20.4-1)
di
20.4.3 s̄u , Average Undrained Shear Strength. s̄u shall be
v
i = 1 si determined in accordance with the following formula:
where
dc
d i = the thickness of any layer between 0 and 100 ft (30 m); s̄u = (20.4-4)
X
k
di
Pn vsi = the shear wave velocity in ft /s (m /s); and
i = 1 d i = 100 ft (30 m).
s
i = 1 ui
20.4.2 N̄, Average Field Standard Penetration Resistance where

and N̄c h , Average Standard Penetration Resistance for Pk
Cohesionless Soil Layers. N̄ and N̄ ch shall be determined in i=1 di = dc ;
accordance with the following formulas: d c = the total thickness of cohesive soil layers in the top
100 ft (30 m);
PI = the plasticity index as determined in accordance with
X
n
ASTM D4318;
di
i=1
w = the moisture content in percent as determined in
N̄ = X
n (20.4-2) accordance with ASTM D2216; and
di sui = the undrained shear strength in psf (kPa), not to
i=1
Ni exceed 5,000 psf (240 kPa) as determined in accor-
dance with ASTM D2166 or ASTM D2850.
where N i and d i in Eq. (20.4-2) are for cohesionless soil, cohesive
soil, and rock layers.
20.5 CONSENSUS STANDARDS AND OTHER
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
ds
N̄ ch = Xm (20.4-3) See Chapter 23 for the list of consensus standards and other
di documents that shall be considered part of this standard to the
N
i=1 i
extent referenced in this chapter.
204
CHAPTER 22
SEISMIC GROUND MOTION, LONG-PERIOD TRANSITION, AND RISK COEFFICIENT MAPS
Contained in this chapter are Figs. 22-1 through 22-8, which and the United States Virgin Islands for 0.2- and 1.0-s Spectral
provide the risk-targeted maximum considered earthquake Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
(MCER ) ground motion parameters SS and S1 ; Figs. 22-18 and Fig. 22-7 SS and S1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered
22-19, which provide the risk coefficients C RS and C R1 ; and Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for Guam and
Figs. 22-14 through 22-17, which provide the long-period tran- the Northern Mariana Islands for 0.2- and 1.0-s Spectral Re-
sition periods T L for use in applying the seismic provisions of sponse Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
this standard. SS is the mapped MCER , 5% damped, spectral Fig. 22-8 SS and S1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered
response acceleration parameter at short periods as defined in Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for American
Section 11.4.2. S1 is the mapped MCER , 5% damped, spectral Samoa for 0.2- and 1.0-s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of
response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 s as defined in Critical Damping)
Section 11.4.2. C RS is the mapped risk coefficient at short periods Fig. 22-9 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean
used in Section 21.2.1.1. C R1 is the mapped risk coefficient at a (MCEG ) PGA, %g, for the Conterminous United States
period of 1 s used in Section 21.2.1.1. T L is the mapped long- Fig. 22-10 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric
period transition period used in Section 11.4.6. Mean (MCEG ) PGA, %g, for Alaska
These maps were prepared by the United States Geological Fig. 22-11 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric
Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the Building Seismic Mean (MCEG ) PGA, %g, for Hawaii
Safety Council (BSSC) Provisions Update Committee and the Fig. 22-12 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 7 Seismic Sub- Mean (MCEG ) PGA, %g, for Puerto Rico and the United States
committee and have been updated for this standard. Virgin Islands
Maps of the long-period transition periods, T L , for Guam and Fig. 22-13 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric
the Northern Mariana Islands and for American Samoa are not Mean (MCEG ) PGA, %g, for Guam and the Northern Mariana
provided because parameters have not yet been developed for Islands and for American Samoa
those islands via the same deaggregation computations done for Fig. 22-14 Mapped Long-Period Transition Period, T L (s), for
the other U.S. regions. Therefore, as in previous editions of this the Conterminous United States
standard, the parameter T L shall be 12 s for those islands. Fig. 22-15 Mapped Long-Period Transition Period, T L (s), for
Also contained in this chapter are Figs. 22-9 through 22-13, Alaska
which provide the maximum considered earthquake geometric Fig. 22-16 Mapped Long-Period Transition Period, T L (s), for
mean (MCEG ) peak ground accelerations as a percentage of g. Hawaii
The following is a list of figures contained in this chapter: Fig. 22-17 Mapped Long-Period Transition Period, T L (s), for
Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands
Fig. 22-1 SS Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake Fig. 22-18 Mapped Risk Coefficient at 0.2-s Spectral Re-
(MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for the Conterminous United sponse Period, C RS
States for 0.2-s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Fig. 22-19 Mapped Risk Coefficient at 1.0-s Spectral Re-
Damping) sponse Period, C R1
Fig. 22-2 S1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake
(MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for the Conterminous United
States for 1.0-s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical
REFERENCES
Damping)
Fig. 22-3 SS Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake ASCE. (2010). “Minimum design loads for buildings and other
(MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for Alaska for 0.2-s Spectral structures,” ASCE/SEI 7-10, ASCE Structural Engineering In-
Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping) stitute, Reston, VA.
Fig. 22-4 S1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake Building Seismic Safety Council. (2009). NEHRP recom-
(MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for Alaska for 1.0-s Spectral mended seismic provisions for new buildings and other struc-
Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping) tures. FEMA P-750/2009 Ed., Federal Emergency Management
Fig. 22-5 SS and S1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Agency, Washington, DC.
Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for Hawaii for Huang, Y.-N., Whittaker, A. S., and Luco, N. (2008). “Maxi-
0.2- and 1.0-s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical mum spectral demands in the near-fault region.” Earthq. Spect.
Damping) 24(1)319-341.
Fig. 22-6 SS and S1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Klein, F., Frankel, A. D., Mueller, C. S., Wesson, R. L., and
Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for Puerto Rico Okubo, P. (2001). Seismic hazard in Hawaii: High rate of large
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
209
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Notes:
Maps prepared by United States Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-funded Building Seismic Safety
Council (BSSC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). The basis is explained in commentaries prepared by BSSC and ASCE and in the references.
Ground motion values contoured on these maps incorporate:
• a target risk of structural collapse equal to 1% in 50 years based upon a generic structural fragility
• a factor of 1.1 to adjust from a geometric mean to the maximum response regardless of direction
• deterministic upper limits imposed near large, active faults, which are taken as 1.8 times the estimated median response to the characteristic earthquake for the governing
fault (1.8 is used to represent the 84th percentile response), but not less than 150% g.
As such, the values are different from those on the uniform-hazard 2014 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps posted at: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HT2MHG.
Larger, more detailed versions of these maps are not provided because it is recommended that the corresponding USGS web tool (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NK3C76) be used
to determine the mapped value for a specified location.
FIGURE 22-1 S S Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for the Conterminous United States
for 0.2-s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
Sources: ASCE (2010); Building Seismic Safety Council (2009); Huang, Whittaker, and Luco (2008); Luco and colleagues (2007); Peterson and colleagues (2014).
continues
210
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIGURE 22-1 (Continued ). S S Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for the Conterminous
United States for 0.2-s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
211
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Notes:
As such, the values are different from those on the uniform-hazard 2014 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps posted at: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HT2MHG.
FIGURE 22-2 S 1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for the Conterminous United States
for 1.0-s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
Sources: ASCE (2010); Building Seismic Safety Council (2009); Huang, Whittaker, and Luco (2008); Luco and colleagues (2007); Peterson and colleagues (2014).
continues
212
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIGURE 22-2 (Continued ). S 1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for the Conterminous
United States for 1.0-s Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)

Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures 213
Notes:
• deterministic upper limits imposed near large, active faults, which are taken as 1.8 times the estimated median response to the characteristic earthquake for the fault (1.8 is
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
used to represent the 84th percentile response), but not less than 150% g.
As such, the values are different from those on the uniform-hazard 2007 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps for Alaska posted at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HT2MHG.
FIGURE 22-3 S S Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for Alaska for 0.2-s Spectral
Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
Sources: Building Seismic Safety Council (2009); Huang, Whittaker, and Luco (2008); Luco and colleagues (2007); Wesson and colleagues (2007).
214
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Notes:
used to represent the 84th percentile response), but not less than 60% g.
As such, the values are different from those on the uniform-hazard 2007 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps for Alaska posted at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HT2MHG.
FIGURE 22-4 S 1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for Alaska for 1.0-s Spectral Response
Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
Sources: Building Seismic Safety Council (2009); Huang, Whittaker, and Luco (2008); Luco and colleagues (2007); Wesson and colleagues (2007).
215
0.2-s Spectral Response Acceleration
Notes:
used to represent the 84th percentile response), but not less than 150% and 60% g for 0.2 and 1.0 sec, respectively.
As such, the values are different from those on the uniform-hazard 1998 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps for Hawaii posted at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HT2MHG.
FIGURE 22-5 S S and S 1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for Hawaii for 0.2-s (top) and
1.0-s (bottom) Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
Sources: Building Seismic Safety Council (2009); Huang, Whittaker, and Luco (2008); Klein and colleagues (2007); Luco and colleagues (2007).
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
216
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Notes:
• a factor of 1.1 and 1.3 for 0.2 and 1.0 sec, respectively, to adjust from a geometric mean to the maximum response regardless of direction
As such, the values are different from those on the uniform-hazard 2003 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands posted at
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HT2MHG.
FIGURE 22-6 S S and S 1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for Puerto Rico and the U. S.
Virgin Islands for 0.2-s (top) and 1.0-s (bottom) Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
Sources: Building Seismic Safety Council (2009); Huang, Whittaker, and Luco (2008); Luco and colleagues (2007); Mueller and colleagues (2003).
217
0.2-s Spectral Response Acceleration 1.0-s Spectral Response Acceleration
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Notes:
Council (BSSC). The basis is explained in commentary prepared by BSSC and in the references.
fault (1.8 is used to represent the 84th percentile response), but not less than 150% and 60% g for 0.2 and 1.0 sec, respectively.
As such, the values are different from those on the uniform-hazard 2012 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps for Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands posted at
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HT2MHG.
FIGURE 22-7 S S and S 1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for Guam and the Northern
Mariana Islands for 0.2-s (left) and 1.0-s (right) Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
Sources: Building Seismic Safety Council (2009); Huang, Whittaker, and Luco (2008); Luco and colleagues (2007); Mueller and colleagues (2012).
218
Notes:
Council (BSSC). The basis is explained in commentary prepared by BSSC and in the references.
As such, the values are different from those on the uniform-hazard 2012 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps for American Samoa posted at https://doi.org/10.5066/
F7HT2MHG.
FIGURE 22-8 S S and S 1 Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER ) Ground Motion Parameter for American Samoa for
0.2-s (left) and 1.0-s (right) Spectral Response Acceleration (5% of Critical Damping)
Sources: Building Seismic Safety Council (2009); Huang, Whittaker, and Luco (2008); Luco and colleagues (2007); Peterson and colleagues (2012).
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
219
Notes:
• a probability of ground motion exceedance equal to 2% in 50 years
As such, the values are different from those on the uniform-hazard 2014 USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps posted at:https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HT2MHG.
FIGURE 22-9 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG ) PGA for the Conterminous United States
Sources: ASCE (2010); Building Seismic Safety Council (2009); Peterson and colleagues (2014).
continues
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
220
FIGURE 22-9 (Continued ). Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG ) PGA, %g, for the Conterminous United States
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
221
FIGURE 22-10 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG ) PGA for Alaska
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIGURE 22-11 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG ) PGA for Hawaii
222
FIGURE 22-12 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG ) PGA for Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
223
FIGURE 22-13 Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCEG ) PGA for Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands (top)
and for American Samoa (bottom)
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
224
FIGURE 22-14 Mapped Long-Period Transition Period, T L (s), for the Conterminous United States
continues
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
225
FIGURE 22-14 (Continued ). Mapped Long-Period Transition Period, T L (s), for the Conterminous United States
226
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIGURE 22-15 Mapped Long-Period Transition Period, T L (s), for Alaska
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
227
FIGURE 22-16 Mapped Long-Period Transition Period, T L (s), for Hawaii
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
228
FIGURE 22-17 Mapped Long-Period Transition Period, T L (s), for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
229
230 --``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Notes:
• Maps prepared by United States Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)–funded Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE).
• Larger, more detailed versions of these maps are not included because it is recommended that the corresponding USGS web tool (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NK3C76) be used to determine the mapped value for a specified location.
FIGURE 22-18A Mapped Risk Coefficient at 0.2-s Spectral Response Period, C RS : Conterminous United States

continues
Note:
Maps prepared by United States Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)–funded Building Seismic Safety Council
(BSSC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
FIGURE 22-18B (Continued ) Mapped Risk Coefficient at 0.2-s Spectral Response Period, C RS : Guam and Northern Mariana Islands (left)
and American Samoa (right)
continues
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
231
Note:
FIGURE 22-18C (Continued ) Mapped Risk Coefficient at 0.2-s Spectral Response Period, C RS : Alaska (top), Hawaii (left), Puerto Rico, and
U.S. Virgin Islands (right)
232
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Notes:
• Maps prepared by United States Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)–funded Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE).
• Larger, more detailed versions of these maps are not included because it is recommended that the corresponding USGS web tool (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NK3C76) be used to determine the mapped value for a specified location.
FIGURE 22-19A Mapped Risk Coefficient at 1.0-s Spectral Response Period, C R1 : Conterminous United States
233
continues
Note:
FIGURE 22-19B (Continued ) Mapped Risk Coefficient at 1.0-s Spectral Response Period, C R1 : Guam and Northern Mariana Islands (left)
and American Samoa (right)
continues
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
234
Note:
FIGURE 22-19C (Continued ) Mapped Risk Coefficient at 1.0-s Spectral Response Period, C R1 : Alaska (top), Hawaii (left), Puerto Rico, and
U.S. Virgin Islands (right)
--``````,,```,,`,,,``,,``,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
235

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0.15, the structure is permitted to be assigned to Seismic Design Table 11.

4-2 Long-Period Site Coefﬁcient, F v

SM1 = F v S1 (11.4-2) SD1 SD1⋅TL

11.4.6 Design Response Spectrum. Where a design response

EXCEPTION: A ground motion hazard analysis is not Value of S DS I or II or III IV

Structural System Limitations

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A. BEARING WALL SYSTEMS

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B. BUILDING FRAME SYSTEMS

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Not for Resale, 05/28/2018 11:57:07 MDT

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Structural System Limitations

Copyright American Society of Civil Engineers

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASCE

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Not for Resale, 05/28/2018 11:57:07 MDT

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subjected to seismic forces:

20.2 SITE RESPONSE ANALYSIS FOR SITE CLASS F

A. Hard rock > 5,000 ft /s NA NA

20.4.2 N̄, Average Field Standard Penetration Resistance where

Copyright American Society of Civil Engineers

1.0-s Spectral Response Acceleration

1.0-s Spectral Response Acceleration

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STANDARD ASCE/SEI 7-16

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