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CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY A PROBLEM-BASED

APPROACH 5TH EDITION BY ROBBINS ISBN
0495509280 9780495509288
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Chapter 3: Globalization, Neoliberalism, and the Nation-State
Test Bank

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The wealthiest 20 percent of the world’s people annually accounts for approximately
what percentage of total private consumption?

a) 64 percent
b) 86 percent
c) 47 percent
d) 66 percent

Answer: b [p. 85]

2. What material symbol defines what is important in life for most people in Europe and
the United States?

a) Drama and music

b) Food
c) Money
d) Kin

Answer: c [p. 86]

3. How does ‘commodity money’ differ from ‘exchange money’?

a) Exchange money has intrinsic value.

b) Commodity money is actually a barter system.
c) Exchange money requires more than two parties.
d) Commodity money has some intrinsic value.

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Answer: d [p. 88]

4. What is credit money?

a) Paper currency that makes a claim to economic value.

b) Paper currency backed by either gold or silver.
c) Paper currency redeemable on demand.
d) One of the oldest forms of money in the world.

Answer: a [p. 89]

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5. What percentage of money circulating in the United States exists as bills and coins?

a) 45 to 50 percent
b) 5 to 10 percent
c) 75 percent
d) 25 to 30 percent

Answer: b [p. 89]

6. Why is perpetual economic growth necessary in a modern market economy?

a) Because the world’s population continues to increase.

b) Because citizens now expect a constantly rising living standard.
c) Because the constant creation of debt money requires the creation of additional
money to cover interest payments.
d) Because the money supply is generally stable.

Answer: c [p. 91]

7. How does debt money actually become worth something?

a) By being converted into new types of debt

b) Through government decree
c) In situations in which debt money is backed by gold
d) By being converted into tangible goods or services

Answer: d [p. 92]

8. How are objects and activities transformed into commodities in a modern market
economy?

a) Through laws
b) Through social norms and values
c) Through rules and regulations
d) All of the above

Answer: d [p. 94]

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9. According to Robert Putnam, the main reason for a decline in social capital in the
United States is

a) the replacement of a civic-minded generation with less active citizens.

b) increased personal wealth.
c) a decline in average family size.
d) the Internet.

Answer: a [p. 95]

10. Much of the economic growth in core countries over the past fifty years is a result of
what key process?

a) The increased number of women in the workforce

b) A rapid increase in immigration
c) The transfer of social capital-rich activities into market activities
d) The U.S. decision to end the gold standard

Answer: c [p. 97]

11. According to Karl Polanyi, what has been one of the major historical issues since the
nineteenth century?

a) The issue of democracy versus growth

b) Balancing a desire to allow market forces to shape society and using state
regulations to minimize social problems caused by market forces
c) Preventing major industrialists from becoming too rich
d) Maintaining a clean environment

Answer: b [p. 98]

12. How do neoliberals view government?

a) Governments are able to gather sufficient information to solve most social

problems.
b) Government intervention, while not necessarily effective, is needed for social
stability.
c) Government action should be limited to guaranteeing property rights and public
security.
d) Government efforts to shape economic policy should focus on trade.

Answer: c [p. 99]

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13. Why, without the intervention of the nation-state, would the price of a Twinkie be
$10 or more?

a) Because of the hidden costs of each ingredient

b) Because of corporate greed
c) Because of the appeal of junk food
d) None of the above

Answer: a [p. 101]

14. The goal of the World Trade Organization is to

a) protect and defend its members.

b) regulate currency transactions between countries.
c) ensure the free flow of goods and services across national boundaries.
d) approve projects related to economic development.

Answer: c [p. 106]

15. Seventeen percent of all calories consumed by North Americans come from

a) sugar or other sweeteners.

b) wheat.
c) carbohydrates.
d) soft drinks.

Answer: a [p. 102]

16. ______ percent of Americans are overweight.

a) 25
b) 45
c) 65
d) 85

Answer: c [p. 102]

17. The cost of obesity in the United States is

a) $118 billion annually.

b) 12 percent of the nation's health care costs.
c) $33 billion in weight-loss programs.
d) All of the above

Answer: d [p. 102]

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18. How can governments avoid responsibility for domestic environmental concerns?

a) Displace regulatory power onto global governance institutions such as the WTO
b) Remove all regulations on corporate practices
c) Curtail press freedoms
d) Encourage global activism

Answer: a [p. 107]

19. According to the author, what contributed to the rise of the Iraqi insurgency following
the 2003 U.S. invasion?

a) Resentment at their defeat

b) Latent support for Saddam Hussein
c) The imposition of neoliberal economic policies on Iraq
d) Unhappiness at the slow pace of economic reform

Answer: c [p. 108]

20. How do neoliberal policies stimulate dissent in developing countries?

a) They limit government regulation of the environment.

b) They limit government social programs.
c) They encourage manufacturers to seek cheaper labor.
d) All of the above

Answer: d [p. 109]

21. Which of these groups are antithetical to neoliberal market practices?

a) Professional sports teams

b) Orthodox or traditional religious groups
c) Privately held companies
d) Multinational organizations such as the WTO

Answer: b [p. 110]

22. According to Aiwa Ong, what is the main focus in American higher education today?

a) Morals and ethics

b) Citizenship
c) Liberal arts
d) Individual career goals

Answer: d [p. 112]

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23. "WTO" stands for

a) World Tribal Organization

b) World Trade Organization
c) Wisconsin Trade Organization
d) Wrestling Traditions Organization

Answer: b [p. 104]

24. When you buy a car, which of these costs is externalized?

a) The manufacturing cost

b) The retailer’s cost
c) The cost of a public road system
d) Licensing fees

Answer: c [p. 101]

25. Corporate hog production facilities are

a) less efficient than family-owned hog farms.

b) more environmentally friendly than family-owned farms.
c) more damaging to social and economic well-being in rural communities.
d) Both a and b

Answer: c [p. 119]

True/False Questions
1. For most people in the United States, money is the main means by which they can get
what they need and want.

Answer: T [p. 87]

2. Markets are relatively new.

Answer: F [p. 87]

3. The United States government ended the gold standard in 1913.

Answer: F [p. 89]

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4. To maintain the growth of the money supply, the output of goods and services needs
to constantly increase.

Answer: T [p. 92]

5. People in debt, such as those with student loans, benefit from inflation.

Answer: T [p. 92]

6. Some large corporations have annual revenues greater than many countries G.N.P.

Answer: T [p. 96]

7. There is general agreement across cultural lines on what can and cannot be sold in
markets.

Answer: F [p. 93]

8. Contemporary market practices demand the constant transformation of social and

natural capital into economic capital.

Answer: T [p. 94]

9. John Maynard Keynes advocated government regulation of economic activity through

a progressive tax system.

Answer: T [pp. 98-99]

10. Neoliberals generally argue that state intervention in economic activity should be
eliminated.

Answer: T [p. 99]

11. The World Trade Organization (WTO) works through non-governmental

organizations to ensure that nations comply with universal health, environmental, and
labor standards.

Answer: F [p. 103]

12. Free trade is often simply a way for corporations to pressure nation-states to relax
health, labor, and environmental standards.

Answer: T [p. 104]

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13. In the 20th Century, nation-states killed close to 200 million of their own citizens.

Answer: T [p. 107]

14. The shift to neoliberal economic policies in the United States has seen a revival of
citizen involvement in social, labor, religious, and volunteer organizations.

Answer: F [p. 110]

15. One way to think of neo-liberalism is as “capitalism on steroids.”

Answer: T [p. 109]

Short Answer Questions

1. Explain the ideological values of neoliberalism. [p. 99]

2. In what ways are states guardians of “national economy?” [p. 99]

3. Describe the idea of hidden costs using a Twinkie as an example. [p. 101]

4. Describe the hidden costs in the production of computer monitors. [p. 101]

5. Describe some of the reasons why Europeans are particularly sensitive to health
threats in meat. [p. 102]

6. How does the WTO ensure free trade between nations? [p. 105]

7. How has sugar impacted the environments in which it is grown? [p. 101]

8. Name three activities that have been transformed from social capital into market
services during your lifetime. [pp. 95-96]

9. Explain the role of education in today's nation-states. [p. 100]

10. Explain why a market economy requires constant increases in productivity. [p. 88]

Essay Questions
1. What is the difference between paper money and credit money? [pp. 88-89]

2. Why does different access to wealth and resources create social stratification? [pp. 91-
92]

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3. Explain how global institutions such as the WTO can limit environmental safeguards
imposed by elected governments. [p. 105]

4. How have large multinational corporations been able to use their power to influence
nation-states to look out for their interests? [pp. 107-108]

5. How might rulings of the World Trade Organization (WTO) undermine health, labor,
and environmental conditions? [p. 105]

6. Explain the statement, "nation-building is nothing but a blueprint for ethnocide at best
and genocide at worst." [p. 112]

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