I.

Methods, processes and equipment involved in handling of

solids. 

II.

Methods, process and Equipment Involved in Handling in Solids.

solids are sample of matter that retains shape and density. Solids are
often more difficult to handle than liquids because the process
equipment consumes more energy to operate. Solids have different
properties this includes malleability, conductivity, hardness, density
and optical transmission. Solids have fixed shape and fixed volume.
Size of solids do not change and it occupies fixed space. And the
particles of solids are closely bound.Three are methods and processes
of solids like Conveying, storage, feeding, loading mixing of solids.
But it is don by bulk solid handling system. There are also categories
of solids and there are two the crystalline and the amorphous.
Crystallin solids are well ordered at a atomic level and the amorphous
solids are disordered, there are four main types of crystalline solids
these are the molecular solids, net wrok solids, ionic solids and
metallic solids. 

A.

Feeders and Storage Silos

B.

1.

Feeders are machines that carry or transport materials or products to

designated storage or processing equipment in assembly and
manufacturing applications. A feeder is a piece of material handling
equipment used to regulate the flow of a bulk material from a bin
orhopper.Feeder is essentially a conveyor used for short distances
where a constant rate of dispersal is required. There are a variety of
feeders to fit a variety of industries, including mining, medicines, and
agriculture. Feeders are frequently used in conjunction with conveyors,
crushers, dryers, grinders, blenders, and mixers, among other material
handling equipment.

2.

Silos were utilized in ancient Greece as long back as the late

8th century BC, as well as the 5th Millennium B.C location of
Tel Tsaf in the southernLevant, according to archaeological
ruins and ancient literature. The term silois comes from the
Greek (siros), which means "pit for holding grain." The silo pit,
as it is known, has been a popular technique of storing grain in
 Asia since time immemorial. In Turkey and
Persia,insuranceagentsbought storeswheatorbarleywhilst
comparatively cheap, and store it on hidden pits against seasons
of dearth. In Malta, a considerable amount of wheat was stored
in hundreds of pits (silos) carved out of the rock. a solitary
person
The silo held 60 to 80 tons of wheat, which was kept in good
condition for four years or more with necessary measures.

A.

Conveyors and Conveying

B.

1.

Conveyors are devices or equipment that transport bulk goods from

one location to another. Screw conveyors, aero mechanical conveyors,
bucket elevators, pneumatic conveyors, belt conveyors, chain
conveyors, and cable conveyors are just a few examples of conveyors.
This form of conveyor has its own way of working, but the belt
conveyor is the most common because it is the simplest and easiest to
use. Sands, grains, and salt are the most common uses. The general-
purpose belt is the most often used conveyor belt. Rubber, nylon,
polyester, neoprene, and nitrile are common materials used in these
solid belts. Mechanical conveyors are another sort of conveyor that is
likewise one of the most efficient techniques of transporting materials.
When it comes to conveying, The term "conveying" refers to the
process of transporting or carrying something. Many businesses in our
world benefit from conveyors because they make jobs easier, faster,
and with fewer people. So conveyors helps a lot of people to do the
hard work that may take weeks into just days.

2.

C.

Size Reduction of Solids

D.
1.

Size reduction of solids refers to a process in which solid particles are

broken or sliced into smaller pieces, as well as a mechanical process
for breaking down materials into smaller bits without causing
aggregation. Reducing the size of solids is significant since it speeds
up the rate of a chemical or physical reaction. Because the rate of
volving solid particles is related to the area of contact between solids
 and the second phase, increasing the area of contact between solids and
the second phase increases the rate. Coal washeries, ore processing
industries, chemical industries, paint industries, and food processing
industries all use size reduction. Compression, impact, attrition,
rubbing, and cutting are all frequent ways for size reduction machines
to reduce the size of solids. Compression is used to coarsely reduce
hard solids, impact provides coarse, medium, or fine products, attrition
produces very fine products from soft and non-abrasive materials, and
cutting produces a product with a certain particle size and form.

2.
E.

Separation and classification of solids

F.

1.

Chromatography, which involves solvent separation on a solid

medium, is one of the procedures used in solids separation and
classification. Distillation uses differences in boiling points to its
advantage. Evaporation is the process of removing a liquid from a
solution and leaving a solid material behind. Filtration is a process that
separates particles of various sizes. Separation is the process of
separating solids to separate one material from another. Separations are
very prevalent in the chemical industry. In reality, considerable
processing equipment is dedicated to separating one phase or one
material from the other. Solids classification is a significant unit
process in many sectors, with applications in mineral processing, food
processing, pharmaceuticals, and toner or powder paint. Particle
classification is a method for sorting an initial dispersion of particles
into a desired degree of homogeneity based on a characteristic.

2.

I.

Dryers and Drying Process

II.

Drying is an important industrial process. Various temperature settings

and drying procedures are used in industrial dryers. The most common
drier heats the air before passing it over the wet product with steam,
gas, or hot water. A process dryer is an air dryer that removes moisture
or liquids from continuous sheets, components, powders, bulk solids,
or other liquids through sublimation or evaporation. There are two
types of product air dryers: indirect and direct. Heat transmission and
mass transport are critical in drying activities.