Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna

Narrative Report on
Feeders

Alfonso, Jhon Maclain L.

Genil, Maewin Princess Antonette L.
Junsay, Michael Gabriel M.
BSME – 4B

Engr. Romeo Solitario Jr.

September 7, 2022
Table of contents

01. Introduction and definition of Manufacturing and Industrial Processes

02. Methods involved in Industrial Processes

a. General Processes

b. Chemical Processes

03. Principle of Material Handling (Solid)

04. Feeders
Manufacturing and Industrial Processes

Manufacturing

Manufacturing can either mean

transforming raw materials into finished goods on

a large scale, or the creation of more complex

items by selling basic goods to manufacturers for

the production of items such as automobiles,

aircraft, or household appliances.

Types of Manufacturing
1. Casting and Molding
is a manufacturing process in which a
liquid material (plastic or metal) is usually poured into
a mould, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired
shape, and then allowed to solidify.

Types of molding
a. Injection Molding - which melts plastic to create 3-D materials such as phone cases and
laptop covers.
b. Blow Molding - a manufacturing process for forming hollow plastic parts.

c. Compression Molding - A process involving pressing or squeezing a deformable material

between two halves of a heated mold and its subsequent transformation into a molded part after
cooling or curing.

d. Rotational Molding - Is one method for dry powder resin molding where powder
thermoplastic resin is put into a metal mold and placed in a heating furnace and rotated 360°.
2. Machining - is a technical and detail-oriented process in which material is cut into a final
shape and size to create parts, tools, and instruments.

3. Joining - is the manufacturing process of welding and/or the process of binding two materials
together, either through, soldering, brazing, and adhesive bonding. The many advantages to this
manufacturing process are that joining enables the piecing of two parts together, which cannot be
separated easily after.

4. Shearing and forming - Shearing is the manufacturing process of cutting a piece of material
into two separate pieces. Forming is the manufacturing process whereby, a piece of material is bent
into a specific shape.
Industrial Processes - Procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical or mechanical steps to
aid in the manufacturing of an item or items usually carried out on a very large scale. Industrial
processes are the key components of heavy industry.

A. General Processes
● Liquefaction of Gases - is physical conversion of a gas into a liquid state
(condensation).

● Supercritical - is a process to remove liquid in a precise and controlled way.

 ● Freeze Drying - works by freezing the material and then reducing the
surrounding pressure to allow the frozen water in the material to sublime
directly from the solid phase to the gas phase.

● Scrubbing - It is used to treat exhaust gases from industrial plants or from

exhaled air in life support systems such as re-breathers or in spacecraft,
submersible craft or airtight chambers.

B. Chemical Processes
 Haber process - also called the Haber–Bosch process, is an artificial nitrogen
fixation process and is the main industrial procedure for the production of
ammonia today.
 Smelting - its main use is to produce a base metal from its ore. This includes
production of silver, iron, copper and other base metals from their ores.

● Pyroprocessing - is a process in which materials are subjected to high

temperatures in order to bring about a chemical or physical change.

● Disinfectants - are antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-
living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.
Principle of Material Handling
Material handling is "providing the right amount of the right material, in the right
condition, at the right place, at the right time, in the right position, in the right sequence, and
for the right cost, by using the right method."
FEEDERS
Is a kind of feeding equipment which can feed bulk and granular materials from the
stock bin to the receiving devices evenly, regularly and continuously.

A. Volumetric Feeders
A volumetric feeder is a dosing system that supplies the production system with a certain
volume of material in a set timeframe, based on the so-called displacement principle.

B. Gravimetric Feeders
 A gravimetric feeder, also know as a loss-in-weight feeder, is a self-calibrating dosing
system that doses based on weight in speed.

C. Bowl Feeders
A bowl feeder is a vibratory instrument for supplying predominantly small parts and
components to a production line for automation, or for sorting bulk items for rapid use. Vibratory
bowl feeders are a robust and reliable solution for handling and sorting bulk materials and orienting
them correctly for assembly purposes.

D. Apron Feeders
Apron Feeders is a mechanical type of feeder used in material handing operations to
transfer (feed) material to other equipment or extract material (ore/rock) from storage
stockpiles, bins or hoppers at a controlled rate of speed.
E. Belt Feeders
Belt feeders are short belt conveyors that are specifically designed for material flow
regulation, extracting material from one area and ensuring that downstream equipment receives the
appropriate volume.

F. Chain Feeders
Chain feeder use an endless chain both to transmit power and to propel material through a
trough, either pushed directly by the chain or by attachments to the chain.
G. Rotary – vane Feeders
A rotary feeder is a type of industrial valve used in material handling systems to process and
transfer dry bulk materials for production.
H. Screw Feeders
Screw feeders are used in thousands of material handling applications and designed to
meter bulk materials at a controlled feed rate.

I. Vibratory Feeders
A vibratory feeder is a conveying system designed to feed components or materials
into an assembly process using controlled vibratory forces, gravity, and guiding mechanisms
that position and orient materials.
ACTIVITY
NUAIITDLSR ROEPSESCS
Procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical or mechanical steps to aid in the
manufacturing of an item or items usually carried out on a very large scale. Industrial
processes are the key components of heavy industry.
Answer: INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

NFNMRTAIUACUG
Can either mean transforming raw materials into finished goods on a large scale, or
the creation of more complex items by selling basic goods to manufacturers for the
production of items such as automobiles, aircraft, or household appliances.
Answer: MANUFACTURING
RYTOIAVBR REESDFE
Is a conveying system designed to feed components or materials into an assembly
process using controlled vibratory forces, gravity, and guiding mechanisms that position and
orient materials.
Answer: VIBRATORY FEEDERS
EIRGMIRTAVC FESEDRE
Also know as a loss-in-weight feeder, is a self-calibrating dosing system that doses
based on weight in speed.
Answer: GRAVIMETRIC FEEDERS
ICNHA EFDSERE
Uses an endless chain both to transmit power and to propel material through a trough,
either pushed directly by the chain or by attachments to the chain.
Answer: CHAIN FEEDERS
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University

Narrative Report on
Feeders

Abella, Justine Jason S.

Regodon, Mcleord SP
San Pedro, Larce Andrei
BSME – 4B

Engr. Romeo Solitario Jr.

Table of contents

1. Introduction and definition of Storage Silos

2. Advantages and Disadvantages

3. Silo Systems for Industry

Pictures while presenting:

STORAGE SILOS

A storage silo is a pit structure used to store bulk materials like grain, coal, cement,
carbon black, woodchips, food products, etc. in large industries.

FEATURES OF STORAGE SILOS

The silos can be used in the agriculture field to store food products, chemical industries
use to store plastic resins, cement factories use to store cement, calcium oxides, and many other
materials like activated carbons, etc. The most common geometry of silos is a cylinder that has a
metal support. Other than cylinder-shape, the silos can take the shape of a rectangular or a
square. The silos are constructed using wood, reinforced plastic, reinforced concrete, or stainless
steel. The construction and design of silos are dependent on the quantity of product to be stored,
the environmental conditions, and site conditions. Silos have an opening and closing provisions
for loading and unloading the materials. The interior surface of the silos is made smooth and
lined with special coatings to avoid any reaction with the content stored.

Advantages of Storage Silos

1. Storage silos consume less storage space compared to horizontal storage warehouses.

2. The materials or products are stored under optimal conditions.

3. Storage silos cost less compared to other storage options.

Disadvantages of Storage Silos

Storage silos face few issues when it comes to their handling. Some of the problems of storage
silos are:

1. Storage of fumigants and pesticides in the silos results in intoxication.

2. Silos result in the accumulation of carbon-di-oxide, which causes suffocation while

opening it.

3. The decomposition of grains stored in silos results in inflammable vapors. These vapors
bring suffocation and may result in poisoning if inhaled.

TYPES OF STORAGE SILOS

TOWER SILOS

Tower silos have a diameter of 4 to 48 meters with a height of 3 to 40m. Tower silos are
constructed using wood, steel, or concrete. The most commonly used silos are tower silos. Air
slides or augers facilitate the unloading of cement or woodchips or grain from the silos. It can be
unloaded into trucks or conveyor belts or rail cars. 

Advantages;

 Tends to pack well due to its own weight

 Lower Storage Losses
 Requires less area for construction
 Allows greater mechanization during filling and feedout
  Convenient to unload in winter
Disadvantages;

• Higher initial cost

• Unloads more slowly

• Silage moisture cannot be as high as compared to other silo types

BUNKER SILOS

Bunker silos are trenches, which are filled and packed with the help of tractors and
loaders. Bunker silos are made from concrete walls. Plastic tarp covers the fully packed bunker
silos to make it air tight. Loader or tractor can unload the materials from the bunker silos.
Agriculture and large manufacture industries demand bunker silos to store a high quantity of
materials. A critical application of bunker silos is in the military. The military adopts bunker
silos to deposit and handle missiles.

Advantages;

• Holds large capacity

• Can be filled with conventional farm equipment

• Offers faster unloading rates

• Forage quality changes occur gradually if filled using the progressive wedge

• Inexpensive

• Well suited to very large operations.

Disadvantages;

• Higher initial cost

• Requires greater care in filling and packing

• Will not work for smaller herds

• Need usually unloading with a tractor and loader. 

BAG SILOS

Bag silos are used to store grains and fodder. It is made from plastic or hermetic bags or
tubes. Bag silos have a diameter of 2 to 21m. The height of the silo depends on the quantity of
material intended to store. Bag silos are one of the most economical silos.

Advantages;

• Lower capital investment

• Flexible storage system

• Feed is easily inventoried

• Can be used for small and large herds

• Fewer safety and health hazards

• Lower Storage Losses

Disadvantages;

• Specialized equipment may be needed

• Plastic disposal creates extra labor and environmental concerns

• Bags must remain intact, compromised bag can result in a complete loss

SILO SYSTEM SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR INDUSTRY

Transit Center

At transit centers of train station, seaport or river depot, materials mainly comes from
ship, truck, train or in bags. Then reach the purpose of transit to bulk truck or bag packing
system.

Power Station

For Storage of fly ash, with fly ash grading system, pneumatic conveyor system, silos
with PLC controlled aeration system, bulk truck loading and bag packing system.
 Cement Plant Industry

Storage silo solution for Cement Plant Industry--cement from cement milling plant, silos
with PLC controlled aeration system, bulk cement truck loading and bag packing system.

Clinker Mill Plant

For storage of low temperature clinker, additive and finished cement, silos with PLC
controlled aeration system, bulk truck loading and bag packing system.

Mineral Production industry

For storage of various types of mineral powder materials like sand, lime, quick lime
powder, coal, rare earth metals etc. Particle discharging by air CANNONS and powder by air
aeration.
 Concrete Batching Plant

Concrete batching plant uses bolted silos for storage of cement, fly ash, slag powder and
other additives. Low cost, easy installation and movable.

Steel Silo for Plastics Plant

Silos For Plastic Granules, storing granules of PP, PE, PVC, PC, ABS and PET.
 Republic of the Philippines
a at l t it Province of Laguna

Narrative Report on

FEEDER MACHINE

(FME – 18)

Seron, Jaismon Badulis

Villanueva, John Elmmar BSME – 4A

Engr. Romeo Solitario Jr. 2022

FEEDER MACHINE
Introduction:
(Show video clip from YT: CHARLIE AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY scene wherein
they follow Smart Manufacturing in the field of peanut industry using conveyors.)

Advantages of Smart Manufacturing:

Smart Manufacturing offers a number of benefits, including improved efficiency,
increased productivity and long-term cost savings. In a smart factory, productivity is
continuously enhanced. If a machine is slowing down production, for example, the data will
highlight it, and the artificial intelligence systems will work to resolve the issue. These
extremely adaptable systems enable greater flexibility.
Disadvantages of Smart Manufacturing:
A big downside to smart manufacturing is the upfront cost of implementation. As
such, many small to midsize companies won't be able to afford the considerable expense of
the technology, particularly if they adopt a short-term philosophy.

Definition of FEEDER MACHINE

• Machineries used in assembly and manufacturing applications to move or “transport”
materials or products to a designated storage or to other processing equipment. • Feeders
are often used in conjunction with other types of material handling equipment, like
conveyors, crushers, dryer, grinders, blenders, and mixers.
The Importance of Feeder Machine
As the name of ‘Feeder Machine’ itself, a feeder machine is a machine that is used or
functioned to ‘fill’ or ‘feed’ a product or object in order to maximize production to be more
effective.
In other words, feeder machine is defined as a machine that passed a container,
packaging or products in one by one and then channeled through the conveyor. This machine
can be combined with other machines, according to the intended use.
TYPES OF FEEDERS
Vibratory Feeders
A vibratory feeder is a conveying system designed to feed components or materials
into an assembly process using controlled vibratory forces, gravity, and guiding mechanisms
that position and orient materials.
They have accumulation tracks of various widths, lengths, and depths, which are
carefully chosen to fit the needs of the application, material, component, or part.
 (Show video clip from YT: VIBRATORY FEEDERS.)

The goal of vibratory feeders is to move, feed, and convey bulk materials while using
various forms of vibrations so that the materials are properly oriented for addition to a
production line. They are a highly efficient method for increasing the speed of assembly
operations and gently separating bulk materials. The guided movement produced by a
vibratory feeder is dependent on horizontal and vertical accelerations that produce the exact
amount of force needed to put materials in position.

Belt Feeders
Belt feeders are short belt conveyors that are specifically designed for material flow
regulation, extracting material from one area and ensuring that downstream equipment
receives the appropriate volume These short conveyors are employed to extract material
under dump hoppers or material bins and convey material to downstream equipment for
processing or onward transport. Belt feeder design thus needs to consider all specific
requirements determined by the material being moved, as well as capacity and geometry.

(Show video clip from YT: BELT FEEDERS.)

How does a belt feeder work?

A belt feeder consists of a hopper positioned directly over a belt conveyor. The belt
conveyor “pulls” material out from under the hopper, while an adjustable vertical strike-off
plate controls the height of material allowed to advance as the belt moves forward, or in other
words, the material profile on the belt.

Apron Feeders
Apron Feeders are a popular material handling choice for a variety of applications,
including aggregates, coal and other mining ore, and scrap/recycle material, because they
deliver material at a constant uniform rate. They play an important role in helping sites meet
their production goals by achieving maximum and optimum uptime. Apron Feeders are a
mechanical type of feeder used for transferring material to a crusher or other piece of
downstream equipment at a uniform rate.
Rotary-Vane Feeders
They are used for low density powdered material.
These units feature a rotating vane (a rotating cross with four separate quadrants).
Rotary feeders are primarily used for discharge of bulk solid material from
hoppers/bins, receivers, and cyclones into a pressure or vacuum-driven pneumatic conveying
system. Components of a rotary feeder include a rotor shaft, housing, head plates, and packing
seals and bearings.

(Show video clip from YT: ROTARY-VANE FEEDERS.)

How does a rotary feeder work?

 While enabling material to pass through, a Rotary Airlock Feeder separates a pressure
differential. The best way to understand how it operates is to visualize a building's rotating
door; it lets material through while maintaining the pressure differential between the building
and the outside.

Chain Feeders
A feeder that uses chains to regulate the ore flow in a different manner is the ROSS
Chain FEEDER. This feeder uses a series of very large, heavy chain that has been forged
into loops. These loops are placed over cogged wheels that are suspended over the ore
passage. The free end of the chain loops is hung down onto the rock. The size and the weight
of the chain links are sufficient to stop the flow of ore. To keep the ore moving the chains are
revolved, dragging the links over the ore will cause it to flow.

(Show video clip from YT: CHAIN FEEDERS.)

This feeder is cheap, but it is as simple and fool-proof as any type that is made; it is
almost impossible to damage it, and the wear on the tumbler and chains is negligible. For
these reasons it is very suitable for controlling the feed from the coarse ore bin. It is also
suitable for regulating the flow of such material on to a belt conveyor, since, however large
the lumps, it will give a quiet feed with the minimum amount of damage to the surface of the
belt.

Screw Feeders
This are used to transport fluids and fine granular materials. A rotating auger within a
cylindrical encasing propels material. The rate of discharge is controlled by the speed of
rotation
Numerous material handling applications include screw feeders, which are created to
meter bulk commodities at a predetermined feed rate. The amount of material discharged from
a standard screw conveyor is directly proportional to the amount fed into it at the inlet, and it
is typically supplied by another conveyor.

(Show video clip from YT: SCREW FEEDER.)

2 TYPES OF SCREW FEEDERS

Multiple Diameter Screw Feeder/Conveyor
Multiple Diameter Screw Feeder/Conveyors
- consist of a screw feeder with an extension conveyor. A smaller diameter screw
feeder is located under a hopper, bin or silo and is flood loaded. The screw feeder
meters the bulk material to the larger diameter extension conveyor. When the bulk
material reaches the extension conveyor the trough loading decreases and the bulk
material is conveyed to the discharge.
Live Bottom Screw Feeder
 - Live bottom screw feeders are designed for use on large silos, bins and hoppers with
large discharge openings. The live bottom screw feeder utilizes multiple feeder screws in
tandem to create a "live bottom" to prevent bridging. Bulk materials are metered and
drawn out equally from the full width and length of the inlet opening. Live bottom screw
feeders are used on bulk materials which tend to pack or bridge easily.
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University

Narrative Report

Conveyor and Conveying System

Dorado, Jack Melson

Rosel, Reymond
Villamayor, Ryan

BSME-4B

Engr. Romeo Solitario Jr.

Conveyors and Conveying System

Conveyors- provide ease of use in applications such as the transportation of

heavy or bulky materials.

Parts of A Conveyor
Following are the three parts of a conveyor:
Belt support
Pulley system
Drive unit

Belt Support

Belt support is a component of a conveyor system that allows the belt to move
smoothly without any restrictions.

If the support unit is not stable, the belt fails if there is a heavy object on top
of it, and this causes the belt to not move as smoothly or as fast as it should.
The belt remains tight and moves efficiently by the use of support units.

Pulley System

It is the external component that is used to control the speed of the belt. Each
unit has two pulleys, one is operated by electricity, and another one is idle.
And modern conveyor systems may have extra rotors on the entire frame.

Drive Unit

The drive unit allows the conveyor system to move or operate. It has
a counter bearing which effectively keeps the moving components. It also
 provides for moving the belt in the opposite direction and managing the
repeated adjustments in the direction for some systems.

Conveying System

A conveyor system is a type of mechanical handling equipment that is used to

transfer material from one place to another.

Permit fast and efficient transportation of a broad variety of materials.

Block Diagram Of Conveying System

Terminal Terminal
(In) Delivery (Platform)
(Out)

Delivery (Platform)

Application of Conveyor System

Conveyors are used for different purposes in a variety of industries. They are
generally used in industries such as

• Mining
• Manufacturing
• Automotive
 • food processing
• Packaging
• Pharmaceutical
• Bottling

Application of Conveyor System

All types of materials are transported by the conveyors. Some of the items

used by the conveyor are:

• Beans
• Nuts
• canned foods and vegetables
• Bottles
• drink cans
• automotive (engines, car frames, and tires)
• medicine or supplements
• large powders
• Furniture

Choosing the Right Conveyor System

• Operationally safe
• Energy efficient
• Reliable
• Adaptable to changing needs
• Cost-effective

Product requirements

• What type of product is being conveyed?

 • What is the average weight per foot of product?
• What is the maximum weight of the products?
• What are the minimum, maximum and average dimensions of the product
(i.e., length, width and height)?
• How are the products being conveyed and in what orientation?

Advantages of Conveyor System

• A conveyor system is one of the cheapest process to move material over long
distances.
• The height of the conveyor may change and the material can be seen on the
surface of the conveyor while conveying.
• The system allows for movement of objects that are too heavy or too bulky
for humans to carry by hand.
• Conveyor systems save time when transporting items from one location to
another.
• In conveyors, weigh belt sections can also be added for continuous product
weighing

Disadvantages of Conveyor System

• Installing a conveyor system is costly

• The general design of the belt conveyor is opened. So there is a possibility of
product fall
• Sticky material can become trapped on the belt and transfer to the return
side, roll, idler, and pulley.
• Conveyor discharge always carries material and this becomes a housekeeping
problem.
• Odder control is nearly impossible.
Types of Conveyor System

Ball transfer conveyor Screw or Auger conveyor

Baggage conveyor Slat or apron conveyor

Belt conveyor Vertical conveyor

Bucket conveyor Vibrating conveyor

Chain conveyor Walking beam conveyor

Coal mine conveyor Wheel conveyor

Chute conveyor

Magnetic conveyor

Overhead conveyor

Pneumatic or vacuum conveyor

Powered roller conveyor

Roller conveyor
 Ball Transfer Conveyor

Ball transfer conveyors consist of a series of ball casters to allow for

multi-directional transport of the product. They are used at packaging and
assembly lines where the product needs to be transported in more than one
direction.

When multiple conveyor lines are combined, they are used to move
products from one place to another. Multiple sizes and load carrying
capacities are possible using this conveyor. Ball transfer conveyors are not
self-driven and require external forces to move the product.

Baggage Conveyor

These types of conveyors are used for transportation in bagging handling s

ystems. If you have traveled to the airports, then you must have known
that there are baggage claims on which you can check your luggage.
 On one side of the baggage conveyor, you drop your items, from the far side
they come after checking. This rotates the bags in a circle. You are most
likely to see a conveyor belt in a store or at the airport.

Belt Conveyor

A belt conveyor is a carrying medium that uses a continuous belt to transport

products in a straight line or through changes in height or direction. A
conveyor belt uses two end-pulleys that loop over a long section of thick,
which is a durable material.

As the motor in the pulley moves at the same speed and rotates in the same
direction, the belt moves between the two. If the items are heavy or bulky or
if the conveyor belt is moving them over long distances, rollers may be
installed on the sides of the conveyor belt for support.

A belt conveyor is the cheapest conveyor, simple in construction, and easy to

use. It is used to move bulk materials like grain, ore, coal, sand, etc.
Bucket Conveyor

A bucket conveyor is also known for a grain leg. It is a mechanism for

carrying flowable bulk material vertically in an assembly line. It uses multi-
sided containers connected by cables, belts, or chains to move products or
materials.

These conveyors are made up of an interconnected loop of buckets that

remain flat as they move from horizontal to vertical so that their objects do
not fall. These conveyors can provide easy transport, huge capacity, and
require little maintenance. Used in the food, agriculture, pharmaceutical,
chemical, and glass industries.

Chain Conveyor

A chain conveyor is a material handling device attached to moving members (chain

or cable) typically used to move materials through production lines. A chain
conveyor consists of a series of gears connected in a continuous system by a chain.

Typically, each gear has teeth that form a free rotation along the chain. Using chain
conveyors can provide you a high load capacity, and have the possibility of
transporting very wide or long materials. Chain conveyors are mainly used to move
or transport heavy unit loads.
Coal Mine Conveyor

These conveyors are an excellent way to transport large quantities of coal

over very long distances. Coal conveyor equipment can cut down on the cost
of operation due to low power consumption.

The coal conveyors can traverse difficult terrain more efficiently than truck
or rail systems, and have the benefit of continuous transportation. It is
suitable to be installed for handling coal at an inclination of up to 20° from
horizontal.
 Chute Conveyor

Chute conveyors are one of the few expensive means of conveying

materials. They use gravity to move the product from one level to another
along smooth surfaces. Chute conveyors are used for providing increased
shipping areas.

A spiral chute can be used to move objects between floors with the minimum
space required. These are designed to have a low coefficient of dynamic
friction, allowing the product or material to slide smoothly. Useful in scrap
handling, packaging, or mail handling, etc.

Magnetic Conveyor

These are types of conveyor systems that have either a magnetic slider
bed or a magnetic pulley that is used to move ferrous material in a vertical or
reverse direction.

This conveyor has magnets on its bed that hold the ferrous, or iron-
containing parts, and should run on any industrial conveyor. The magnets
are placed correctly, providing accurate magnetic holding power for these
 parts. Magnetic conveyors are used to removing ferrous chips from
machining centers.

Overhead Conveyor

An overhead conveyor uses a single rail, which can be manual or driven.

These are used to perform conveying and loading tasks in work areas. They
are attached to the ceiling using a trolley or carrier moved by chains, or
cables.

These types of conveyors are designed to follow a continuous path, it can

change directions from horizontal to vertical or vice versa. This can provide
you with better use of floor space, carry items in bulk and deliver cartons or
packaging. The conveyor is primarily used in assembly line inspection and/or
processes.
Pneumatic or Vacuum Conveyor

A pneumatic vacuum conveyor is a unique dry material transfer system that

is dust-free and without human touch. A pneumatic conveyor works on the
basis that bulk cargo can be moved via air through pipelines.

This blowing air exerts a propulsive force on the bulk material and thus
transmits it through the conveying line. These conveyors require less
maintenance, which can give increased safety, less leakage, and duct leakage.
Pneumatic conveyors are used in burner feeders, metal powder transporters,
and recycling.

Powered or Live Roller Conveyor

These are types of roller conveyors that use motorized rollers to move the
products or materials. Conveyor rollers are driven by belts, chains, or O-
rings depending on the load. They are effective in horizontal transport over
long distances.
 Conveyor speed and the process can be easily controlled and the risk of
damage is reduced as the parts never touch while working. They are mainly
used in food handling, steelmaking, and packaging industries.

Roller Conveyor

Roller conveyors have parallel rollers fixed to the frame to convey the
product by gravity or manually. These rollers are not self-powered and use
gravity to transfer the object, or manually when mounted horizontally.

These types of conveyors can be installed straight or curved depending on the

purpose of use and available floor space. It is a very fast and safe load
transport system because they are built with a variety of sensors and
equipment. The application in which it is used is at a loading dock, baggage
handling, or on the assembly line.
Screw or Auger Conveyor

A screw conveyor uses a rotating helical screw blade with a uniform tube to
move or transfer fluid or granular material easily. It consists of a helical
screw or steel auger that rotates within a shaft, driving the work depending
on the screw design and rotational direction.

In this, the rate of volume transfer is equal to the spinning rate of the shaft.
These types of conveyors are capable of handling large quantities of material
with slow to fast flow. They are used to transfer goods such as food waste,
wood chips, cereal grains, animal feed, boiler ash, meat, and bone meal.

Slat or Apron Conveyor

The slat conveyor employs a chain-driven loop of slats to move the objects
from one end to the other. A slat conveyor consists of a slat and chain system
for moving components on an assembly line.

The steel panels are connected in series with special chain attachments,
and the chain is powered by an electric motor and gearbox. This allows for a
 wide variety of heavy-load conveyor applications. A slat conveyor can convey
hot, oily parts or items through a heat drying process.

Vertical Conveyor

A vertical conveyor is a conveying machine that uses rotary or linear

vibration to move products automatically from one level to another. These
types of conveyors can move goods from one height to another, raising or
lowering the load in the supply line in various stages.

Vertical conveyors are located between two horizontal conveyors and can
hold the movement stable by vertical offset. It can provide different sizes and
load capacities depending on the application. Vertical conveyors are used to
decreasing the floor space, bundling multiple
floors together, vertical accumulation systems,
and many more applications.
Vibrating Conveyor

A vibrating conveyor is a machine consisting of a solid conveying surface that

is rotated sideways to form a trough. They are capable of transmitting both
static and dynamic forces to their supporting structures.

These conveying machines can move materials downward, horizontally, or up

to a 10-degree slope. Vibrating conveyors are more comfortable to clean
surfaces and require less maintenance than other types. They are used to
transfer dry, bulk materials such as aggregate, gravel, coal, etc.

Walking Beam Conveyor

These types of conveyors use a combination of stationary support and moving

support to guide workpieces through construction cells. If the object
supported in a stationary position is lifted by the conveyor and sent to its next
position, where another construction step is performed.

This action is repeated throughout the length of the conveyor. A walking

beam conveyor can provide easy handling of materials without a human
interface. These are used on automation and assembly lines, where objects
need to be located at specific places in an orderly manner.
Wheel Conveyor

The wheel conveyor consists of a series of wheels supported in a frame, on

which objects are moved manually or flown by gravity. This conveyor is
made with a set of wheels and wheel spacing based on load requirements and
application.

Wheel conveyors are used for object or package handling applications. They
are generally employed for loading and unloading trucks and for carrying
packages, pallets, etc.
REFERENCES:

https://www.theengineerspost.com/conveyor-system/?
fbclid=IwAR3K2KYf6VMHUAPlzJLZGtEA0AxFm7r0YM0gRPYTEGHFiWdscU
P3vtvTmXo

https://6river.com/what-is-a-conveyor-system