Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(LECT 17,18) Prestressed Concrete Pipes and Tanks
(LECT 17,18) Prestressed Concrete Pipes and Tanks
tanks
Circular prestressing
Criteria of design :
The design of prestressed concrete pipes should cover the
following five stages:
1. Circumferential prestressing, winding with or without
longitudinal prestressing.
2. Handling stresses with or without longitudinal prestressing.
3. Condition in which a pipe is supported by saddles at extreme
points with full water load but zero hydrostatic pressure.
4. Full working pressure conforming to the limit state of
serviceability
5. The first crack stage corresponding to the limit state of
local damage
6. To examine the stage of bursting or failure of pipes
corresponding to the limit state of collapse, mainely to ensure
a desirable load factor against collapse.
General features of prestressed concrete
tanks
Applications:
Prestressed concrete tanks have been widely used for the
storage of fluids, such as water,oil,gas,sewage,granular
materials like cement,process liquids and chemicals, slurries
and cryogens.
Water storage tanks of large capacity are invariably made of
prestressed concrete.
Recent applications include special forms of prestressed
concrete tanks, which are triaxially prestressed and serve as
containment vessels and biological shields for nuclear reactors.
Prestressed concrete tanks are generally cylindrical and
capacities of about 50 million litres.
In sanitary structures like sludge digestion tanks , spherical
shapes are preferred and the tank is made up of a top and
bottom conical shell connected by a circular cylindrical
intermediate portion.
Prestressed concrete , although water tight , is not gas tight
where vapours under pressure are to be stored.
Shapes of prestressed concrete tanks
Cylindrical tanks are most commonly used types from
structural and constructional considerations.
Cylindrical shape is well suited for circumferential wire
wrapping .
Square or rectangular tanks , spanning either vertically or
horizontally , are required for industrial use.
Square tanks are advantageous for storage in congested
urban and industrial where land space is a major constraint.
Multi –celled tanks have been constructed using
interlocking polygons and circular shapes , especially for
the storage of cement in silo construction.
The hexagonal units are prestressed together to achieve
monolithic action by transverse and vertical tendons.
The advantage of hyperboloidal shape is the reduction in
the thickness of concrete shell and the use of the same set of
straight wires to produce circumferential and vertical
prestress.
Doubly curved shells have also been used to take advantage
of the efficiency of the shell action of the concrete.
Some typical shapes of prestressed concrete tanks are
shown below:
Tank floors
The base slab forming the floor or the tank is generally
made of reinforced concrete constructed on a flat
bituminuous surfacing or on a thin concrete binding with
the interposition of a sliding layer such as oil paperso that
the slab can move over the compacted soil bed.
The slab should be sufficiently flexible so that it can adapt
itself to the local deformations of the pre-compacted sub-
soil.
The reinforcements in the slab should be well distributed to
control the cracking of the slab due to shrinkage and
temperature changes.
Typical construction joints in tank
floor slabs
Junctions of tank wall and base slab
The joint between the walls of the tank and floor slab may be any
one of the following three types:
1. Fixed base
2. Hinged base
3. Sliding base