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Introduction to

Electrical Engineering

Mulukutla S. Sarma

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS


INTRODUCTION TO
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
the oxford series in electrical and computer engineering
Adel S. Sedra, Series Editor

Allen and Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design


Bobrow, Elementary Linear Circuit Analysis, 2nd Edition
Bobrow, Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, 2nd Edition
Burns and Roberts, Introduction to Mixed Signal IC Test and Measurement
Campbell, The Science and Engineering of Microelectronic Fabrication
Chen, Analog & Digital Control System Design
Chen, Digital Signal Processing
Chen, Linear System Theory and Design, 3rd Edition
Chen, System and Signal Analysis, 2nd Edition
DeCarlo and Lin, Linear Circuit Analysis, 2nd Edition
Dimitrijev, Understanding Semiconductor Devices
Fortney, Principles of Electronics: Analog & Digital
Franco, Electric Circuits Fundamentals
Granzow, Digital Transmission Lines
Guru and Hiziroğlu, Electric Machinery and Transformers, 3rd Edition
Hoole and Hoole, A Modern Short Course in Engineering Electromagnetics
Jones, Introduction to Optical Fiber Communication Systems
Krein, Elements of Power Electronics
Kuo, Digital Control Systems, 3rd Edition
Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communications Systems, 3rd Edition
Martin, Digital Integrated Circuit Design
McGillem and Cooper, Continuous and Discrete Signal and System Analysis, 3rd Edition
Miner, Lines and Electromagnetic Fields for Engineers
Roberts and Sedra, SPICE, 2nd Edition
Roulston, An Introduction to the Physics of Semiconductor Devices
Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, 3rd Edition
Santina, Stubberud, and Hostetter, Digital Control System Design, 2nd Edition
Sarma, Introduction to Electrical Engineering
Schaumann and Van Valkenburg, Design of Analog Filters
Schwarz, Electromagnetics for Engineers
Schwarz and Oldham, Electrical Engineering: An Introduction, 2nd Edition
Sedra and Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 4th Edition
Stefani, Savant, Shahian, and Hostetter, Design of Feedback Control Systems, 3rd Edition
Van Valkenburg, Analog Filter Design
Warner and Grung, Semiconductor Device Electronics
Wolovich, Automatic Control Systems
Yariv, Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, 5th Edition
INTRODUCTION TO
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Mulukutla S. Sarma
Northeastern University

New York Oxford


OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
2001
Oxford University Press

Oxford New York


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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data


Sarma, Mulukutla S., 1938–
Introduction to electrical engineering / Mulukutla S. Sarma
p. cm. — (The Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering)
ISBN 0-19-513604-7 (cloth)
1. Electrical engineering. I. Title. II. Series.
TK146.S18 2001
621.3—dc21 00-020033

Acknowledgments—Table 1.2.2 is adapted from Principles of Electrical Engineering (McGraw-Hill Series in Electrical Engineering), by Peyton Z.
Peebles Jr. and Tayeb A. Giuma, reprinted with the permission of McGraw-Hill, 1991; figures 2.6.1, 2.6.2 are adapted from Getting Started with
MATLAB 5: Quick Introduction, by Rudra Pratap, reprinted with the permission of Oxford University Press, 1998; figures 4.1.2–4.1.5, 4.2.1–4.2.3,
4.3.1–4.3.2, are adapted from Electric Machines: Steady-State Theory and Dynamic Performance, Second Edition, by Mulukutla S. Sarma, reprinted
with the permission of Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1994; figure 4.6.1 is adapted from Medical Instrumentation Application and Design, by John G. Webster,
reprinted with the permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978; table 4.6.1 is adapted from “Electrical Safety in Industrial Plants,” IEEE Spectrum, by
Ralph Lee, reprinted with the permission of IEEE, 1971; figure P5.3.1 is reprinted with the permission of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation; figures
5.6.1, 6.6.1, 9.5.1 are adapted from Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, by Allen R. Hambley, reprinted with the permission of Prentice
Hall, 1997; figure 10.5.1 is adapted from Power System Analysis and Design, Second Edition, by Duncan J. Glover and Mulukutla S. Sarma, reprinted
with the permission of Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1994; figures 11.1.2, 13.2.10 are adapted from Introduction to Electrical Engineering, Second Edition,
by Clayton Paul, Syed A. Nasar, and Louis Unnewehr, reprinted with the permission of McGraw-Hill, 1992; figures E12.2.1(a,b), 12.2.2–12.2.5, 12.2.9–
12.2.10, 12.3.1–12.3.3, 12.4.1, E12.4.1, P12.1.2, P12.4.3, P12.4.8, P12.4.12, 13.1.1–13.1.8, 13.2.1–13.2.9, 13.2.11–13.2.16, 13.3.1–13.3.3, E13.3.2,
13.3.4, E13.3.3, 13.3.5–13.3.6 are adapted from Electric Machines: Steady-State Theory and Dynamic Performance, Second Edition, by Mulukutla S.
Sarma, reprinted with the permission of Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1994; figure 13.3.12 is adapted from Communication Systems Engineering, by John G.
Proakis and Masoud Salehi, reprinted with the permission of Prentice Hall, 1994; figures 13.4.1–13.4.7, E13.4.1(b), 13.4.8–13.4.12, E13.4.3, 13.4.13,
13.6.1 are adapted from Electric Machines: Steady-State Theory and Dynamic Performance, Second Edition, by Mulukutla S. Sarma Brooks/Cole
Publishing, 1994; figures 14.2.8, 14.2.9 are adapted from Electrical Engineering: Concepts and Applications, Second Edition, by A. Bruce Carlson and
David Gisser, reprinted with the permission of Prentice Hall, 1990; figure 15.0.1 is adapted from Communication Systems, Third Edition, by A. Bruce
Carlson, reprinted with the permission of McGraw-Hill, 1986; figures 15.2.15, 15.2.31, 15.3.11 are adapted from Communication Systems Engineering,
by John G. Proakis and Masoud Salehi, reprinted with the permission of Prentice Hall, 1994; figures 15.2.19, 15.2.27, 15.2.28, 15.2.30, 15.3.3, 15.3.4,
15.3.9, 15.3.10, 15.3.20 are adapted from Principles of Electrical Engineering (McGraw-Hill Series in Electrical Engineering), by Peyton Z. Peebles
Jr. and Tayeb A. Giuma, reprinted with the permission of McGraw-Hill, 1991; figures 16.1.1–16.1.3 are adapted from Electric Machines: Steady-State
Theory and Dynamic Performance, Second Edition, by Mulukutla S. Sarma, reprinted with the permission of Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1994; table
16.1.3 is adapted from Electric Machines: Steady-State Theory and Dynamic Performance, Second Edition, by Mulukutla S. Sarma, reprinted with the
permission of Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1994; table 16.1.4 is adapted from Handbook of Electric Machines, by S. A. Nasar, reprinted with the permission
of McGraw-Hill, 1987; and figures 16.1.4–13.1.9, E16.1.1, 16.1.10–16.1.25 are adapted from Electric Machines: Steady-State Theory and Dynamic
Performance, Second Edition, by Mulukutla S. Sarma, reprinted with the permission of Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1994.

Printing (last digit): 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed in the United States of America


on acid-free paper

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