Essentials of College Algebra 11th Edition Lial Test Bank 1

Essentials of College Algebra 11th
Edition Lial Solutions Manual
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
Determine whether or not the function is one-to-one.

1)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: A
1
2)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
3)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
2
4)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
5)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
6)
y
8
-8 -4 4 8 x
-4
-8
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
3
7)
y
8
-8 -4 4 8 x
-4
-8
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: A
8)
y
8
-8 -4 4 8 x
-4
-8
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
9) f(x) = x2 + 7
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
10) f(x) = 5x3 + 6

A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
11) f(x) = 64 - x2
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
4
12) f(x) = ∣36 - x2 ∣
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
13) f(x) = 3.40

A) No
B) Yes
Answer: A
9
14) f(x) =
x-7
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
15) f(x) = x + 6
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
-7x - 2
16) f(x) =
-6x - 4
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
17) f(x) = (4x - 9) 2

A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
3
18) f(x) = 7x + 1
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
Decide whether the given functions are inverses.

19)
x f(x) x g(x)
2 12 12 2
3 18 18 3
4 24 24 4
5 30 30 5
6 36 36 6
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
5
20)
x f(x) x g(x)
5 13 13 5
6 15 15 6
7 17 17 7
8 19 19 8
9 21 21 9
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
21)
x f(x) x g(x)
3 4 4 3
6 8 -8 6
9 12 12 9
12 16 16 12
15 20 20 15
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: A
22)
x f(x) x g(x)
3 16 16 3
4 25 25 4
5 36 36 5
6 49 49 6
7 64 64 7
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
23)
x f(x) x g(x)
2 2 2 2
-3 -5 5 -3
12 -4 -4 12
12 4 4 12
0 9 9 0
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
24) f = {(-2, -4), (1, 4), (4, -2), (8, 11)}

g = {(-4, -2), (4, 1),(-2, 4), (11,
8)} A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
6
25) f = {(-3, 6), (3, -3), (0, 8)}
g = {(-3, 3), (8, 0), (6,
6)} A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
26) f = {(-9, 12), (6, -5), (-5, 23), (12, -9)}

g = {(12, -9), (-5, 6), (23, -5), (-9,
12)} A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
27) f = {(5, 9), (9, -4), (-4, -7)}

g = {(9, 5), (-4, 9), (-7,
5)} A) No
B) Yes
Answer: A
Decide whether or not the functions are inverses of each other.Use the definition of inverses to determine whether
f and g are inverses.
x+6
28) f(x) = 6x - 7, g(x) =
7
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
1
29) f(x) = 3x - 3, g(x) = x+1
3
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
1 4x + 1
30) f(x) = , g(x) =
x+4 x
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: A
1
31) f(x) = 4x + 16, g(x) = x-4
4
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
x-9
32) f(x) = 5x2 + 9, x ≥ 0; g(x) = ,x≥9
5
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
7
33) f(x) = x + 4, x ≥ -4; g(x) = x2 + 4
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: A
1+x 1
34) f(x) = , g(x) =
x x-1
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
3
35) f(x) = x3 - 6, g(x) = x+6
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
Decide whether the pair of functions graphed are inverses.

36)
y
6
5
4
3
2
1
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
-1
-2
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: A
37)
y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
8
38)
y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: B
39)
y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
40)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) No
B) Yes
Answer: B
9
An everyday activity is described. Keeping in mind that an inverse operation "undoes" what an operation does,
describe each inverse activity.
41) waking up
A) falling asleep
B) getting up
C) closing the eyes
D) going to bed
Answer: A
42) opening a door

A) closing the door
B) locking the door
C) going out of the door
D) opening the window
Answer: A
43) setting a clock forward by one hour

A) moving your schedule backward by one hour
B) setting the clock backward by one hour
C) setting the clock forward by two hours
D) leaving the clock as it is
Answer: B
If the function is one-to-one, find its inverse. If not, write "not one-to-one."
44) {(18, 1), (-19, -7), (16,
6)} A) not one-to-
one
B) {(1, 18), (16, -19), (6, -7)}
C) {(18, -7), (18, -19), (6, 16)}
D) {(1, 18), (-7, -19), (6,
16)} Answer: D
45) {(-14, -6), (14, -6), (-18,

14)} A) not one-to-one
B) {(-14, -6), (-6, 14), (14, -18)}
C) {(-6, -14), (-6, 14), (14, -18)}
D) {(-6, -14), (-18, 14), (14, -6)}
Answer: A
46) {(4, -5), (5, -5), (6, 1), (7, -

B) {(-5, 4), (5, 1), (6, -
2)} C) {(4, -2), (4, 1), (6,
5)} D) {(-5, 4), (-2, 1),
(6, 5)}
Answer: A
47) {(-2, 4), (2, -4), (8, -2), (-8, 2)}

A) {(4, -2), (-4, 2), (-2, 8), (2, -8)}
B) {(4, -2), (-4, 2), (8, -2), (2, -8)}
C) not one-to-one
D) {(4, -2), (-4, 2), (-2, -8), (2, 8)}
Answer: A 10
48) {(6, -7), (11, -6), (9, -5), (7, -4)}
A) {(7, 6), (6, 11), (-5, 9), (-4, 7)}
B) {(6, -7), (11, -6), (9, -5), (7, -4)}
C) {(-7, 6), (-6, 11), (-5, 9), (-4, 7)}
D) not one-to-one
Answer: C
49) {(3, -5), (5, -3), (9, 2), (-9, -

B) {(-2, 9), (9, 5), (-5, 3), (2, -9)}
C) {(-5, 3), (-3, 5), (2, 9), (-2, -9)}
D) {(-2, 9), (-3, 5), (-5, 5), (2, -9)}
Answer: C
50) f(x) = 4x - 2
x+2
A) f-1 (x) =
4
x
B) f-1 (x) = +2
4
x-2
C) f-1 (x) =
4
D) not a one-to-one
Answer: A
51) f(x) = -7x + 1

1
A) f-1 (x) = - x - 1
7
1 1
B) f-1 (x) = - x -
7 7
1 1
C) f-1 (x) = - x +
7 7
1
D) f-1 (x) = - x + 1
7
Answer: C
52) f(x) = x3 - 3
3
A) f-1 (x) = x + 3
B) not a one-to-one
3
C) f-1 (x) = x - 3
3
D) f-1 (x) = x + 3
Answer: A
11
53) f(x) = 3x3 - 7
A) not a one-to-one
3 x-7
B) f-1 (x) =
3
3 x+7
C) f-1 (x) =
3
3 x +7
D) f-1 (x) =
3
Answer: C
3
54) f(x) =
x-8
A) not a one-to-one
-8 +
B) f-1 (x) =
3x x
8x +
C) f-1 (x) =
3x
x
D) f-1 (x) =
-8 + 3x
Answer: C
55) f(x) = x-4,x≥ 4

A) f-1 (x) = (x - 4)2
B) f-1 (x) = x + 4
C) f-1 (x) = x2 + 4, x ≥ 0
D) not a one-to-one
Answer: C
3
56) f(x) = x + 3
A) f-1 (x) = (x - 3)3

B) f-1 (x) = x3 - 3
3
C) f-1 (x) = x + 3
D) f-1 (x) = (x + 3)3
Answer: B
57) f(x) = (x + 5)2

1
A) f-1 (x) =
x-5
B) f-1 (x) = x - 5
C) not a one-to-one
D) f- 1 (x) = x - 5
Answer: C
12
58) f(x) = 8x2 - 9, x ≥ 0
8
A) f-1 (x) =
x+4
x+9
B) f-1 (x) = , x ≥ -9
8
8
C) f-1 (x) = ,x≠-
9x+4
D) not a one-to-one
Answer: B
59) f(x) = - x2 - 25 , x ≥ 5
A) f-1 (x) = x2 + 25, x ≤ 0
B) f-1 (x) = 25 - x2 , x ≤ 5
C) f-1 (x) = x2 + 25, x ≥ 0
D) f-1 (x) = - 25 - x2 , x ≤ 0
Answer: A
Use a graphing calculator to graph the function using the given viewing window. Use the graph to decide if the
function is one-to-one. If the function is one-to-one, give the equation of the inverse function.
60) f(x) = x3 - 3x2 - x + 3; [-2, 4] by [-20, 20]
3
A) one-to-one; f-1 (x) = x - 3
3
B) one-to-one; f-1 (x) = x - 3 - x
3
C) one-to-one; f-1 (x) = x2 -3x + 3
D) not one-to-one
Answer: D
61) f(x) = x4 - 6x2 + 5; [-3, 3] by [-40, 40]

4
A) one-to-one; f-1 (x) = x - 5 + 6x2
4
B) one-to-one; f-1 (x) = x - 5
C) not one-to-one
4
D) one-to-one; f-1 (x) = 6x2 - 5
Answer: C
x+1
62) f(x) = ; [-10, 10] by [-10, 10]
x-4
4x -
A) one-to-one; f-1 (x) =
1
x+
1
x-
B) one-to-one; f-1 (x) =
4
x+
1
C) not one -to- one
13
4x +
D) one-to-one; f-1 (x) =
1
x-
1
Answer: D
14
-x
63) f(x) = ; [-8, 8] by [-8, 8]
x+2
2x
A) one-to-one; f-1 (x) =
x+1
-x
B) one-to-one; f-1 (x) =
x+2
C) not one-to-one
-2x
D) one-to-one; f-1 (x) =
x+1
Answer: D
For the function as defined that is one-to-one, graph f and f-1 on the same axes.
64) f(x) = 2x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
15
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
5
65) f(x) = x+5
2
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
16
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
17
66) f(x) = x2 + 4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B) not one-to-one
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
18
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
67) f(x) = x+5

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
19
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
20
68) f(x) = x3 + 5
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
21
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
7
69) f(x) =
x
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) Function is its own inverse

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
22
B) Function is its own inverse
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
Find the domain and range of the inverse of the given

function.
70) f(x) = 7x + 2
A) Domain: all real numbers, range: (- ∞,
2] B) Domain: [7, ∞ ), range: (- ∞, 2]
C) Domain: (- ∞, 2]; range: all real numbers
D) Domain and range: all real numbers
Answer: D
23
3
71) f(x) =
x+1
A) Domain: (- ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , -1) ∪ (-1,
∞ ) B) Domain: (- ∞ , -1) ∪ (-1, ∞ ) ; range: (- ∞ , 0) ∪
(0, ∞)
C) Domain: all real numbers; range: (- ∞, -1) ∪ (-1,
∞ ) D) Domain and range: all real numbers
Answer: A
72) f(x) = x3 - 5
A) Domain and range: all real
numbers
B) Domain: [-5, ∞); range: all real numbers
C) Domain: all real numbers; range: [-5, ∞)
D) Domain: [0, ∞ ); range: [0, ∞ )
Answer: A
73) f(x) = x - 9
A) Domain and range: all real
numbers
B) Domain: [9, ∞ ); range: [0, ∞ )
C) Domain: [0, ∞ ); range: [9,
∞)
D) Domain: all real numbers; range: [9,

∞) Answer: C
5
74) f(x) = -
x
A) Domain and range: (- ∞, 0) ∪ (0,
∞)
B) Domain: all real numbers; range: (- ∞ , 0) ∪ (0,
∞)
C) Domain: (- ∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞); range: all real
numbers
D) Domain and range: all real
numbers
Answer: A
75) f(x) = x2 - 1; x ≥ 0
A) Domain: all real numbers; range: [-1,
∞ ) B) Domain: all real numbers; range:
[1, ∞)
C) Domain: [-1, ∞); range: [0,
∞)
D) Domain and range: all real
numbers
Answer: C
76) f(x) = 7 - x2 ; x ≥ 0
A) Domain: (- ∞, 7]; range: range: [0,
∞)
24
B) Domain: all real numbers; range: [-7,
∞) C) Domain and range: all real
numbers
D) Domain: all real numbers; range: (- ∞,
7] Answer: A
25
3
77) f(x) = 8x - 5
A) Domain: [5, ∞ ); range: [0, ∞ )
B) Domain: all real numbers; range: [0, ∞)
C) Domain and range: all real numbers
D) Domain: [0, ∞ ); range: all real numbers
Answer: C
Use the graph of f to sketch a graph of the inverse of f using a dashed curve.
78)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
26
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
79)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
27
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
80)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
28
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
29
81)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
30
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: D
82)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
31
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
83)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
32
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
33
The graph of a function f is given. Use the graph to find the indicated value.
84) f-1 (-2)
10 y
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 24 6 8 10 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) 2
B) 0
C) -4
D) 6
Answer: A
85) f-1 (1)

5 y
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
2
A)
3
B) 3
C) 4
1
D) -
3
Answer: A
34
86) f-1 (3)
y
8
2 4 6 8 x
2
A)
3
B) 3
C) 6
3
D)
2
Answer: A
87) f-1 (3)

4 y
-2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
3
A)
2
B) 6
2
C)
3
D) 3
Answer: C
35
88) f-1 (2)
y
5
2 4 6 8 10 x
A) 1.4
B) 0
C) 2
D) 4
Answer: D
Solve the problem.

89) Let f(x) compute the time in hours to travel x miles at 20 miles per hour. What does f-1 (x) compute?
A) The miles traveled in x hours at 20 miles per hour
B) The hours taken to travel x miles at 20 miles per hour
C) The hours taken to travel 20 miles
D) The miles traveled in 20 hours
Answer: A
90) Let f(x) compute the time in hours to travel x miles at 51 miles per hour. What is the interpretation of f -
1 (3)?
A) The hours taken to travel 51 miles
B) The hours taken to travel 3 miles at 51 miles per hour
C) The miles traveled in 3 hours at 51 miles per hour
D) The miles traveled in 51 hours
Answer: C
91) Let f(x) compute the cost of a rental car after x days of use at $27 per day. What does f-1 (x) compute?
A) The number of days rented for 27 dollars
B) The number of days rented for x dollars
C) The cost of rental for 27 days
D) The cost of rental for x days
Answer: B
92) Let f(x) compute the cost of a rental car after x days of use at $47 per day. What is the interpretation of
the solution of f -1 (x) = 245?
A) The cost of rental for 47 days
B) The number of days rented for $47
C) The cost of rental for 245 days
D) The number of days rented for $245
Answer: C
36
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Use the alphabet coding method (A =1, B = 2, C = 3, ... Z = 26) to solve the problem.
93) The function defined by f(x) = x + 2 was used to encode a message
as:
15 3 22 10 9 7 16 11 23
21
Find the inverse function and determine the message.
Answer: f-1 (x) = x - 2; MATH GENIUS
94) The function defined by f(x) = 3x - 4 was used to encode a message as:
38 11 62 11 50 -1 17 -1 23 38
Find the inverse function and determine the message.
x+4
Answer: f-1 (x) = ; NEVER AGAIN
3
95) Encode the message BEWARE OF DOG using the one-to-one function defined by f(x) = x3 - 1. Give the
inverse function that the decoder would need when the message is received.
3
Answer: 7 124 12,166 0 5831 124 3374 215 63 3374 342; f-1 (x) = x+1
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Determine whether the statement is true or false.

96) If f is a one-to-one function and the graph of f lies completely within the third quadrant, then the graph
of f-1 lies completely within the third quadrant.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
97) If f is a one-to-one function and the graph of f lies completely within the third quadrant, then the graph
of f-1 lies completely within the second quadrant.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
98) If f is a one-to-one function and the graph of f lies completely within the second and third quadrants,
then the graph of f-1 lies completely within the third and fourth quadrants.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
99) The function f(x) = mx + b is a one-to-one function for all values of m and b.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
100) Any polynomial function of odd degree is a one-to-one function.

A) True
B) False
Answer: B
37
101) Any function of the form f(x) = xn where n is an odd integer, has an inverse.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
102) If a function f has an inverse function, then f is one-to-one.

A) True
B) False
Answer: A
103) If a function f has an inverse function and the domain of f is all real numbers, then the domain of f-1 must
also be all real numbers.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
104) If a function f has an inverse and f(1) = -3, then f-1 (-3) = 1.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
105) If a function f has an inverse, then the graph of f-1 can be obtained by reflecting the graph of f across the x-
axis.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Find the function value. If the result is irrational, round your answer to the nearest thousandth.
106) Let f(x) = 3 x. Find f(2).
A) 27
B) 9
C) 8
D) 6
Answer: B
1 x
107) Let f(x) = . Find f(2).
5
1
A)
10
1
B)
32
C) 25
1
D)
25
Answer: D
38
108) Let f(x) = 6 x. Find f(-
3).
A) -18
1
B)
729
1
C)
216
1
D) -
18
Answer: C
1 x
109) Let f(x) = . Find f(-
1).
6
A) 6
B) -6
1
C) -
6
1
D)
6
Answer: A
110) Let f(x) = 2 x. Find

f(5) A) 32
B) 10
C) 64
D) 25
Answer: A
111) Let f(x) = 2 x. Find f(5.5).

A) 11
B) 90.510
C) 67.883
D) 45.255
Answer: D
112) Let f(x) = 2 x. Find f(2.71).

A) 9.815
B) 6.543
C) 13.086
D) 5.42
Answer: B
1 x
113) Let g(x) = . Find
g(1.5).
3
A) 0.384
B) 0.192
C) 5.196
39
D) -4.5
Answer: B
40
5
114) Let f(x) = 4 x. Find f .
2
A) 512
B) 32
C) 1.741
D) 10
Answer: B
1 x 5
115) Let f(x) = . Find f .
3 2
A) 0.064
5
B)
6
C) 1.357
D) 15.588
Answer: A
Graph the function.

116) f(x) = 3 x
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
41
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: B
42
1 x
117) f(x) =
2
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
43
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: B
118) f(x) = 3 -x
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
44
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: B
45
119) f(x) = 2 x
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
46
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: C
5 x
120) f(x) =
2
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
47
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: A
48
2 x
121) f(x) =
5
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
49
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: B
Graph the exponential function using transformations where appropriate.

122) f(x) = - 2 x
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
50
B)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
C)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
D)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: A
51
123) f(x) = 4 x + 1
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
52
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
124) f(x) = 2 x - 1
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
53
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
54
125) f(x) = -3 x - 5
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
A)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
B)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
C)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
55
D)
20 y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-10
-20
Answer: C
126) f(x) = 2 x - 1
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
56
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: C
57
1 x
127) f(x) = +4
2
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
58
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: D
1 x
128) f(x) = -3
2
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
59
B)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
C)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
D)
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: C
60
129) f(x) = 4 x + 4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
61
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: A
130) f(x) = 4 x-2 - 1

y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
62
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
63
131) f(x) = 2 x+3 - 4
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
B)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
C)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
64
D)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
Answer: B
Write an equation for the graph given. The graph represents an exponential function f with base 2 or 3, translated
and/or reflected.
132)
10 y
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) 2 x + 3 + 4
B) 2 x - 3 - 4
C) 2 x - 3 + 4
D) 2 x + 3 - 4
Answer: D
65
133)
10 y
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) 2 x - 1 - 5
B) 2 x + 1 - 5
C) 2 x + 1 + 5
D) 2 x - 1 + 5
Answer: C
134)
10 y
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) -2 x + 1 + 1
B) -2 x + 1 - 1
C) -2 x - 1 + 1
D) 2 x - 1 - 1
Answer: A
66
135)
10 y
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) 2 -x + 2
B) -2 x - 2
C) 2 x - 2
D) 2 -x - 2
Answer: A
136)
10 y
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) 2 -x - 4
B) - 2 -x - 4
C) -2 -x + 4
D) -2 x - 4
Answer: C
67
Solve the equation.
137) 4096x = 8
A) {-4}
B) {4}
1
C)
4
1
D) -
4
Answer: C
1 x
138) = 729
9
1
A)
3
1
B) -
3
C) {3}
D) {-3}
Answer: D
4 x 2401
139) =
7 256
1
A)
4
B) {4}
C) {-4}
1
D) -
4
Answer: C
1
140) 4 -x =
256
1
A)
4
B) {4}
1
C)
64
D) {-4}
Answer:
B
141) 4 (8 - 2x) = 256

A) {2}
B) {64}
C) {-2}
D) {4}
Answer: A
68
1
142) 3 (6 - 3x) =
27
1
A)
9
B) {3}
C) {-3}
D) {9}
Answer: B
1
143) 3 (6 + 3x) =
27
A) {-3}
B) {3}
1
C)
9
D) {4}
Answer:
A
144) 4 = b2/3
A) {-2, 2}
B) {2}
C) {-8, 8}
D) {8}
Answer: C
145) a 3/4 = 125

A) {625}
B) {-625,
625} C) {-5,
5}
D) {5}
Answer: A
25 x+1= 3 x-1
146)
9 5
1
A)
3
2
B) -
3
1
C) -
6
1
D) -
3
Answer: D
69
-x
147) e4x - 1 = (e 3)
A) 1
B) {0}
4
C)
5
1
D)
7
Answer: D
148) 8 x - 1 = 323x
1
A) -
4
1
B) -
2
3
C) -
5
1
D) -
12
Answer: A
1
149) m -4 =
81
A) {3}
B) {81}
C) {-3, 3}
1
D)
3
Answer: C
1 2x + 3
150) = 9 x- 5
3
2
A)
3
7
B)
4
1
C)
2
13
D)
2
Answer: B
70
151) ( 5 ) x + 1 = 25x
1
A)
3
B) {-3}
2
C)
3
D) {1}
Answer:
A
1 x+2
152) ex - 3 =
e6
A) - 3
B) - 1
5
C)
7
9
D) -
7
Answer: D
Provide an appropriate
response.
153) Give an equation of the form f(x) = a x to define the exponential function whose graph contains the
point
(3, 216). Assume that a > 0.
A) f(x) = 18x
B) f(x) = 46,656x
C) f(x) = 729 x
D) f(x) = 6 x
Answer: D
154) Give an equation of the form f(x) = a x to define the exponential function whose graph contains the
point
1
4, . Assume that a > 0.
4096
A) f(x) = 8 x
1 x
B) f(x) =
8
1 x
C) f(x) =
4
D) f(x) = 4 x
Answer: B
71
155) Use the properties of exponents to write the function of the form f(t) = ka t, where k is a
constant. f(t) = 3 3t + 2
A) f(t) = 9 ∙ 3 3t
B) f(t) = 9 ∙ 27t
C) f(t) = 27 ∙ 9 t
D) f(t) = 27t + 9
Answer: B
156) Use the properties of exponents to write the function of the form f(t) = ka t, where k is a
1 1 - 2t
constant. f(t) =
3
1 1 t
A) f(t) =
3 9
1 t
B) f(t) = 9
3
C) f(t) = 3 ∙ 9 t
1 t
D) f(t) = 3
9
Answer: B
Find the future value.

157) $1972 invested for 12 years at 4% compounded quarterly
A) $3179.31
B) $3157.24
C) $3184.36
D) $3171.84
Answer: A
158) $1689 invested for 4 years at 3% compounded annually

A) $1903.49
B) $1904.06
C) $1900.98
D) $1902.65
Answer: C
159) $52,161 invested for 8 years at 4% compounded semiannually

A) $71,605.88
B) $71,718.28
C) $71,794.15
D) $71,385.93
Answer: A
160) $1417.32 invested for 6 years at 4% compounded monthly

A) $1799.62
B) $1801.05
C) $1793.36
D) $1797.50
Answer: B
72
161) $2897 invested for 6 years at 4.3% compounded quarterly
A) $3744.54
B) $3747.97
C) $3729.53
D) $3739.46
Answer: A
Find the present value of the future value.

162) $11,000, invested for 4 years at 3% compounded monthly
A) $9757.59
B) $12,388.61
C) $12,400.61
D) $9769.59
Answer: A
163) $11,000, invested for 9 years at 3% compounded quarterly

A) $8405.64
B) $14,368.10
C) $14,395.10
D) $8432.64
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

164) Find the required annual interest rate, to the nearest tenth of a percent, for $1100 to grow to $1400 if
interest is
compounded monthly for 7 years.
A) 6.9%
B) 0.3%
C) 3.5%
D) 2.3%
Answer: C
165) Find the required annual interest rate, to the nearest tenth of a percent, for $5200 to grow to $6500 if
interest is compounded quarterly for 5 years.
A) 1.1%
B) 4.5%
C) 5.6%
D) 2.2%
Answer: B
166) The growth in the mouse population at a certain county dump can be modeled by the exponential
function A(t)= 906e0.012t, where t is the number of months since the population was first recorded.
Estimate the population after 36 months.
A) 698
B) 917
C) 1412
D) 1396
Answer: D
73
167) The decay of 938 mg of an isotope is given by A(t)= 938e-0.022t, where t is time in years since the initial
amount of 938 mg was present. Find the amount (to the nearest milligram) left after 96 years.
A) 57
B) 113
C) 111
D) 918
Answer: B
t/3.0
168) The half-life of Cesium 134m is 3.0 hours. If the formula P =
2 gives the percent (as a decimal) remaining
1
after time t (in hours), sketch P versus t.

y
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
2 4 6 8 10 x
-0.4
-0.8
A)
y
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
2 4 6 8 10 x
-0.4
-0.8
B)
y
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
2 4 6 8 10 x
-0.4
-0.8
74
C)
y
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
2 4 6 8 10 x
-0.4
-0.8
D)
y
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
2 4 6 8 10 x
-0.4
-0.8
Answer: C
169) The sales of a mature product (one which has passed its peak) will decline according to the function
S(t) = S0 e-at, where t is time in years since the peak sales. Find the sales of a product 17 years after its peak
sales if a = 0.22 and S0 = 77,500.
A) 1841 units
B) 4,065,443 units
C) 921 units
D) 96,571 units
Answer: A
170) The number of reports of a certain virus has increased exponentially since year 0. The number of cases
can be approximated using the function r(t) = 119 e0.008t, where t is the number of years since year 0.
Estimate the number of cases in year 40.
A) 123 cases
B) 164 cases
C) 151 cases
D) 328 cases
Answer: B
75
171) An element decays at the rate of S(t) = se-0.048t, where s is the initial amount in grams and t is the time in
years since this initial amount was present. If you have a 71-gram piece of this element, how many grams
will you have 5 years from now? Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a gram.
A) 55.9 g
B) 0.8 g
C) 90.3 g
D) 33.8 g
Answer: A
Use a graphing calculator to estimate the solution set of the equation. Round to the nearest hundredth.
172) 2 x = 17
A) {0.24}
B) {4.09}
C) {8.50}
D) {2.14}
Answer: B
1 x
173) = 16
3
A) {2.52}
B) {-5.33}
C) {-0.40}
D) {-2.52}
Answer: D
174) 4 (x - 1) = 10
A) {1.90}
B) {3.50}
C) {2.66}
D) {0.66}
Answer: C
175) 3 (4x - 1) = 17
A) {0.39}
B) {0.66}
C) {0.90}
D) {1.67}
Answer: C
176) 8 (x + 1) = 60.00
A) {7.51}
B) {2.97}
C) {1.97}
D) {0.97}
Answer: D
76
177) 8 2x = 7 x + 1
A) {0.88}
B) {0.94}
C) {1.94}
D) {14.57}
Answer: A
178) ex = 11
A) {677.33}
B) {1.04}
C)
{59,874.14}
D) {2.40}
Answer: D
179) ex = 3x + 2
A) {22.28}
B) {-22.28}
C) {- 60.84}
D) {1.05}
Answer: B
180) 2 - x = 5 -x
A) {1.86}
B) {3.06}
C) {2.06}
D) {-0.59,
1.96} Answer: D
181) 9e2.3x = 41
A) {4.55}
B) {3.49}
C) {0.66}
D) {1.52}
Answer: C
77
Provide an appropriate response.

182) The graph of an exponential function with base a is given. Is a > 1 or is 0 < a < 1? Explain how you
arrived at your answer. Give the domain and range of f.
f(x) = ax
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: 0 < a < 1, because if 0 < a < 1, then a 2 < a, domain = (- ∞, ∞), range = (0, ∞)
78
183) The graph of an exponential function with base a is given. Sketch the graph of g(x) = -a x. Give the domain
and range of g.
f(x) = ax
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: domain: (- ∞ , ∞), range: (- ∞, 0)

y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
79
184) The graph of an exponential function with base a is given. Sketch the graph of h(x) = a-x. Give the domain
and range of h.
f(x) = ax
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: domain: (- ∞ , ∞), range: (0, ∞)

y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
80
185) The graph of an exponential function with base a is given. Sketch the graph of g(x) = ax + 2. Give the
domain and range of g.
f(x) = ax
y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Answer: domain: (- ∞ , ∞), range: (2, ∞)

y
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 x
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
186) Explain how the graph of y = 4 x + 2 + 3 can be obtained from the graph of y =
4 x.
Answer: The graph is shifted 2 units to the left and 3 units up.
1 x
187) Explain how the graph of y = - 5 can be obtained from the graph of y = 4 x.
4
Answer: The graph is reflected over the y-axis and then shifted 5 units down.
x
188) Explain how the graph of y = -3 can be obtained from the graph of y = 2 x.
1
2
Answer: The graph is reflected over the y-axis, stretched by a factor of 3 and then reflected over the x-
axis.
189) Why can't y = 2x have an x-intercept?

Answer: Because no value of x would make y = 0.
81
question.
190) What are the domain and range for the equation y = 2 x?
A) Domain: (0, ∞ ); range: (-∞, ∞)
B) (-∞, ∞); range: [0, ∞ )
C) Domain: (-∞, ∞); range: (0, ∞)
D) Domain: (-∞, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)
Answer: C
Evaluate the
logarithm.
1
191) log3
3
A) 1
B) 3
C) 0
D) -1
Answer: D
1
192) log7
49
A) 7
B) -7
C) 2
D) -2
Answer: D
193) log 10 1
A) -2
B) -1
C) -3
D) 0
Answer: D
194) log 1/5 5

A) -1
B) -2
C) 1
D) 2
Answer: A
195) log 2 2
A) -2
B) 2
1
C) -
2
1
D)
2
Answer: D
82
196) log 512
8
A) 24
B) 8
C) 512
D) 3
Answer: D
197) log 21
21
A) 10
B) 0
C) 1
D) 21
Answer: C
198) log 1
6
A) 6
B) 0
C) 10
D) 1
Answer: B
199) log 10,000

10
A) -4
B) 10,000
C) 40,000
D) 4
Answer: D
200) log8 (-
1) A)
1
B) - 1
C) Undefined
D) 0
Answer: C
Write in logarithmic
form.
201) 5 2 = 25
A) log 25 5 = 2
B) log 5 25 = 2
C) log 5 2 = 25
D) log 2 25 = 5
Answer: B
83
202) 2 3 = 8
A) log 8 2 = 3
B) log 2 8 = 3
C) log 3 8 = 2
D) log 2 3 = 8
Answer: B
1
203) 2 -2 =
4
1
A) log -2 = 2
4
1
B) log 2 = -2
4
C) log 1/4 2 = -2
1
D) log 2 -2 =
4
Answer: B
5 3 125
204) =
6 216
5 125
A) log 3 =
6 216
125
B) log
5/6 216 = 3
125
C) log 5/6 3 =
216
log 3 125
5
D) =
log 3 216 6
Answer: B
5 -5 7776
205) =
6 3125
6 -5 6
A) log =
-5 5 -5 5
5 5 -5
B) log =
5 6 6 -5
7776
C) log
5/6 3125 = -5
log 5 5 -5 6
D) =
log 5 6 -5 5
Answer: C
84
206) 8 5/3 = 32
5
A) log 5 8 =
3
log 3 32
B) =8
log 5 8
5
C) log 8 32 =
3
5
D) log 32 8 =
3
Answer: C
207) 103 = 1000

A) log 10 1000 = 3
B) log 10 3 = 1000
C) log 3 1000 = 10
D) log 3 10 = 1000
Answer: A
208) 10-2 = 0.01

A) log 10 -2 = 0.01
B) log 2 -2 = 0.10
C) log 10 0.01 = -2
D) log 2 0.10 = -2
Answer: C
Write an equivalent expression in exponential form.

209) log 1024 = 5
4
A) 5 4 = 1024
B) 4 1024 = 5
C) 4 5 = 1024
D) 10245 = 4
Answer: C
85
1
210) log = -2
2 4
1 2
A) =2
4
1
B) 2 2 =
4
C) 2 1/4 = 2
1
D) 2 -2 =
4
Answer: D
211) log 10,000,000 = 7

10
A) 10,000,0007 = 10
B) 7 10 = 10,000,000
C) 1010,000,000 = 7
D) 107 = 10,000,000
Answer: D
1
212) log 4 =
64 3
1 4
A) = 64
3
B) 4 1/3 = 64
C) 4 64 = 3
D) 641/3 = 4
Answer: D
213) log10 10 = 1
A) 1 10 = 10
B) 101 = 10
C) 101 = 10
D) 1010 = 1
Answer: C
214) log 512 = 6

8
A) 5123 = 8
B) 8 512 = 3
C) 8 3 = 512
D) 3 8 = 512
Answer: C
86
Solve the equation.
215) log5 125 =
x A)
{625} B)
{130} C)
{25}
D) {3}
Answer: D
1
216) log3 =x
27
A) {3}
1
B)
9
1
C)
81
D) {-3}
Answer:
D
217) log7 7 12 = x
A) { 6}
B) {42}
C) {84}
D) {6}
Answer: D
218) log 625 = 4

x
A) {2500}
B) {629}
C) {5}
D) {156}
Answer:
C
log 13
219) x = 8 8
A) {8}
B) {-13}
C) {104}
D) {13}
Answer: D
220) x = log10 0.01

1
A) -
2
1
B)
2
C) {- 2}
D) {2} 87
Answer: C
88
5
221) x = log2 8
5
A)
3
3
B)
5
3
C) -
5
D) {15}
Answer:
B
222) logx 9 = - 2
A) {3}
B) {-3}
1
C)
3
1
D) -
3
Answer: C
223) log4 x = 3
A) {12}
B) {64}
C) {81}
D) {7}
Answer: B
224) log5 x = -3
A) {2}
1
B)
125
1
C)
243
D) {-15}
Answer:
B
225) log(x - 5) 10 = 1
A) {15}
B) {-15}
C) {-5}
D) {5}
Answer: A
89
226) log(x + 7) 11 = 1
A) {18}
B) {11}
C) {4}
D) {-4}
Answer: C
227) 8x - 32 = logx 1
1
A)
4
B) {256}
C) {24}
D) {4}
Answer: D
Graph the function. Give the domain and range.

228) f(x) = log x
3
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
90
B) domain: (-∞, 0); range: (-∞ , ∞)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C) domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D) domain: (-∞, 0); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: A
91
229) f(x) = log x
1/8
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) domain: (-∞, ∞ ); range: (-∞, 0)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B) domain: (-∞, ∞ ); range: (0, ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C) domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
92
D) domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: D
230) f(x) = log (x - 1)

2
y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
A) domain: (-∞, ∞ ); range: (-1, ∞ )

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
93
B) domain: (-∞, ∞ ); range: (0, ∞)
y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
C) domain: (1, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
D) domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
Answer: C
94
231) f(x) = log x+1
4
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) domain: (-1, ∞); range: (-∞, 0)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B) domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C) domain: (-∞, ∞ ); range: (1, ∞ )

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
95
D) domain: (-∞, 0); range: (-∞ , ∞)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: B
232) f(x) = log (x + 2)

5
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) domain: (-∞, ∞ ); range: (0, ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
96
B) domain: (-∞, ∞ ); range: (2, ∞ )
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C) domain: (-2, ∞); range: (-∞, ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D) domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: C
97
233) f(x) = log (x + 2)
1/4
y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
A) domain: (-∞, ∞ ); range: (2, ∞ )

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
B) domain: (-2, ∞); range: (-∞, ∞)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
C) domain: (-∞, ∞ ); range: (0, ∞)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
98
D) domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)
y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
Answer: B
234) f(x) = log1/2 (2 - x)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
A) domain: (-∞, 2); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
99
B) domain: (-∞, 2); range: (-∞ , ∞)
y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
C) domain: (-2, ∞); range: (-∞, ∞)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
D) domain: (-2, ∞); range: (-∞, ∞)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
Answer: B
100
235) f(x) = log1/5 (1-x)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) domain: (-1, ∞); range: (-∞, ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B) domain: (-1, ∞); range: (-∞, ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C) domain: (-∞, 1); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
101
D) domain: (-∞, 1); range: (-∞ , ∞)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: D
236) f(x) = log4 x4

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
A) domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
102
B) domain: (-∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞ ); range: (-∞, ∞)
y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
C) domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞ , ∞)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
D) domain: (-∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞); range: (-∞, ∞)

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
Answer: B
103
237) f(x) = log1/2 (x + 2)
y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2-2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) domain: (-∞, -2); range: (0, ∞ )

y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
B) domain: (2, ∞); range: (0, ∞)

y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
C) domain: (-2, ∞); range: (0, ∞ )

y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
104
D) domain: (-2, ∞); range: (-∞, ∞)
y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2-2 2 4 6 8 10 x
-4
-6
-8
-10
Answer: C
Match the function with its graph.

238) f(x) = log2 x
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
100
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: C
239) f(x) = log2 (x -

1) A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
101
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: D
102
x
240) f(x) = log3
3
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
103
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: B
241) f(x) = log

4 1
x
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
104
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: B
242) f(x) = log5 (-

x) A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
105
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
Answer: A
106
243) f(x) = log2 3x
A)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
B)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
C)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
D)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
107
Answer: D
Write an equation for the graph given. The graph represents an logarithmic function f with base 2 or 3, translated
and/or reflected.
244)
10 y
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) log2 (x - 8) + 3
B) log2 (x + 8) - 3
C) log2 (x + 8) + 3
D) log2 (x - 8) - 3
Answer: B
245)
10 y
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) log2 (x - 1) - 1
B) log2 (x + 1) - 1
C) log2 (x + 1) + 1
D) log2 (x - 1) + 1
Answer: A
108
246)
y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) log2 (x - 5) + 2
B) log2 (x - 5) - 2
C) log2 (-x + 5) + 2
D) log2 (-x + 5) - 2
Answer: D
247)
y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) -log3 (-x +
5) B) log3 (-x -
5) C) -log3 (x -
5) D) -log3 (x +
5)
Answer: D
109
248)
y
10
8
6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 x
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
A) -log3 (x - 2)
B) log3 (-x - 2)
C) - log3 (- x + 2)
D) -log3 (x + 2)
Answer: C
Use the properties of logarithms to rewrite the expression. Simplify the result if possible. Assume all variables
represent
positive real numbers.
249) loga(7x5 y)
A) loga (7 + x5 + y)
B) loga 7 + 5 + log y
a
(loga x)
C) loga 7 + 5loga x + loga y

D) (loga 7 )(loga x) (loga y)
Answer: C
11
250) log4
8
A) log4 11 + log4 8
1
B) log4 11 - log4 8
2
C) log4 11 - log4 8
1
log4 11
2
D)
log4 8
Answer: B
110
4 5
251) log8 6
A) log8 4 + log8 5 - log8 6

1
B) (log8 4) log8 5 - log8 6
2
1
C) log8 4 + log8 5 - log8 6
2
1
log8 4 + log8 5
2
D)
log8 6
Answer: C
252) log5 (8x + 6y)

A) log5 48xy
B) log5 (8x + 6y)
C) log5 8x + log5 6y
D) (log5 8x) (log5 6y)
Answer: B
2m
253) log 15
s
A) (log 15 2 )( log 15 m) - log 15 s

log 15 2 + log 15 m
B)
log 15 s
C) log 15 2 + log 15 m - log 15 s
D) log 15 2 - log 15 m - log 15 s
Answer: C
9 m
254) log16
n
1
A) log16 9 ∙ log16 m ÷ log16 n
2
1
B) log16 n - log16 9 - log16 m
2
C) log16 9 + log16 m - log16 n
1
D) log16 9 + log16 m - log16 n
2
Answer: D
111
x4 y2
255) log3
8
A) 4 log3 x + 2 log3 y + log3 8

4 2
B) ( log3 x) + (log3 y) - log3 8
C) 4 log3 x + 2 log3 y - log3 8

D) (4 log3 x)(2 log3 y) ÷ log3 8
Answer: C
m3 p7
256) logb
n 6 b4
A) 3logbm + 7logbp - 6logbn + 4

B) logbm 3 + logbp7 + logbn 6 - logbb4
C) m 3 p7 - n6 b4
D) 3logbm + 7logbp - 6logbn - 4
Answer: D
4x 9
257) logb
z8
9
A) logb2 + + logbx ÷ 4logbz
2
B) logb4 + logbx9 - logbz 8

9
C) logb2 ∙ logbx - 4logbz
2
9
D) logb2 + logbx - 4logbz
2
Answer: D
3 x6
258) logb
y7 z 8
A) 6logbx - 7logby - 8logbz

7 8
B) 2logbx ÷ ( logby ∙ logbz)
3 3
7 8
C) 2logbx - logby - logbz
3 3
1
D) logbx6 - logby7 - logbz 8
3
Answer: C
112
Write the expression as a single logarithm with coefficient 1. Assume all variables represent positive real
numbers.
259) log6 11 - log6 z
11
A) log12
z
11
B) log6
z
z
C) log6
11
D) log6 (11 -
z) Answer: B
260) log3 m + log3 n

m
A) log3
n
B) log3 mn
C) log3 (m + n)
D) log3 m ∙ log3 n
Answer: B
261) 2 loga x - loga y

A) loga x2 ÷ loga y
x2
B) loga
y
C) loga (x2 - y)
2x
D) loga
y
Answer: B
262) (loga t - loga s) + 4 loga u

t
A) loga
u4 s
4tu
B) loga
s
C) loga (t + u4 - s)
tu4
D) loga
s
Answer: D
113
1 1 1
263) log x4 + log x4 - log x
2 2 4 2 6 2
A) log2 (x 7 )
B) log2 ( x 17/6 )
7
C) log (x8 )
6 2
D) log2 (x9/2)
Answer: B
264) 6 logm y - 7 logm p2

6y
A) logm
7p2
logm y6
B)
logm p14
y6
C) logm
p14
y6
D) logm
p9
Answer: C
7 7
265) logn 4y + logn (16y2 )
9 5
A) logn (64y9/10 )
B) logn
(64y39/40)
C) logn (4 39/20 y63/40 )
D) logn (4 161/45
y161/45)
Answer: D
266) 2 log4 (4x + 5) + 6 log4 (3x +

8) (4x + 5)2
A) log4
(3x + 8)6
B) 12 log4 (4x + 5)(3x +

8) C) log4 (4x + 5)2 (3x +
8)6
D) log4 ((4x + 5)2 + (3x + 8)6 )
Answer: C
114
1 1 1
267) log2 (x4 )+ log2(x4 ) - log2 x
2 4 6
A) log2
(x17/6 ) B) log2
(x7 )
C) log2 (x9/2)
7
D) log2 (x8 )
6
Answer: A
3 1
268) loga (p2 q8 ) - loga (p5 q2 )
4 2
A) loga (p4 q7 )
q5
B) loga
p
6
C) loga 3q
2p3
3 1
D) loga p2 q8 - p5 q2
4 2
Answer: B
Given log 10 2 = 0.3010 and log 10 3 = 0.4771, find the logarithm without using a calculator.
269) log 10 6
A) 0.903
B) 0.7781
C) 0.9542
D) 0.1436
Answer: B
270) log 10 108

A) 0.1992
B) 1.8572
C) 0.8616
D) 2.0333
Answer: D
27
271) log 10
4
A) 0.8293
B) 1.8572
C) 0.0512
D) 0.2549
Answer: A
115
272) log10
(181/3) A)
0.5187
B) 0.7782
C) 0.4184
D) 1.0787
Answer: C
273) log10 24
A) 0.5396
B) 1.1748
C) 1.0792
D) 0.6901
Answer: D
Determine the function

value.
274) Suppose f(x) = loga x and f(4) = 2. Find f(16).
A) 4
B) 8
C) 2
D) -4
Answer: A
1
275) Suppose f(x) = loga x and f(4) = 2. Find .
16
f
A) -2
B) 4
1
C)
2
D) -4
Answer: D
276) Suppose f(x) = loga (x) and f(7) = 2. Find f(343).

A) 6
B) 7
C) 12
D) 3
Answer: A
5
277) Suppose f(x) = loga (x) and f(5) = 2. Find f
5
A) -1
B) 2
C) 1
D) -2
Answer: A
116
Use properties of logarithms to evaluate the expression.
log 7
278) 100 10
1
A)
49
B) 49
C) log1049
D) 14
Answer: B
279) log10(0.01) 9
A) -18
1
B)
18
C) -81
1
D)
81
Answer: A
log 10
280) 1000 10
A) 1000
B) 30
C) 1030
D) log 1000
Answer: A
281) log10(0.0001)10
A) -40
1
B)
40
C) log10,000
D) -10,000
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

282) Let u = ln a and v = ln b. Write the following expression in terms of u and v without using the function ln.
4
ln (b7 a)
u
A) 7v -
4
B) 7v + 4u
u
C) 7v +
4
u
D) 7v +
7
Answer: C
117
283) Let u = ln a and v = ln b. Write the following expression in terms of u and v without using the
function ln. a4
ln
b3
A) u4 - v3
B) 3u - 4v
C) 4u + 3v
D) 4u - 3v
Answer: D
284) Let u = ln a and v = ln b. Write the following expression in terms of u and v without using the
function ln. 5 a6
ln
b8
A) 30u - 40v
B) 6u - 8v
6 8
C) u - v
5 5
D) 30u + 40v
Answer: C
285) Let u = ln a and v = ln b. Write the following expression in terms of u and v without using the function
ln.
4
ln ( ab2 )
u
A) - 2v
4
1 1
B) u+ v
2 2
u 1
C) + v
4 2
u 1
D) - v
4 2
Answer: C
286) If f(x) = log5 x, find f(5 7 ).

A) 35
B) 5
C) log7 x
D) 7
Answer: D
287) If f(x) = 8 x , find f(log8 2).

A) log2 x
B) 8
C) 16
D) 2
Answer: D
118
1
288) If f(x) = ex, find f ln
. e3
1
A)
e3
B) -3
C) e1/x
D) ln e
Answer: A
10log10 10
289) If f(x) = log10 x, find f(10 ).
A) 0
B) 10
C) 1
D) 100
Answer: B
290) If f(x) = ln x, find f(e23 ln 7 ).

A) ln 7
B) 23 ln 7
C) 7 ln 23
D) e7
Answer: B
291) If f(x) = 4 x, find f[log4 (ln 4)].

A) log4 4
B) 4 ln 4
C) ln 4
D) 0
Answer: C
292) Given f(x) = 9 x, evaluate the

following. (a) f( log 9 4)
(b) f[ log 9 (7 ln
9)] (c) f[ log 9 (ln
9)]
Answer: (a) 4 (b) 7 ln 9 (c) ln 9
293) Given f(x) = ln x, evaluate the

following. (a) f(e2 )
(b) f(eln 2 )
(c) f(e6 ln 2 )
Answer: (a) 2 (b) ln 2 (c) 6 ln 2 or ln 64
119
294) Given f(x) = log 4 x, evaluate the
following. (a) f(4 3 )

(b) f(4 log4 4 )
(c) f(4 4 log4 4 )
Answer: (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 4
question. Find the value. Give an approximation to four decimal places.

295) log 142
A) 2.1553
B) 4.9558
C) 2.1523
D) 2.1492
Answer: C
296) log 2.58

A) 0.4116
B) 0.4281
C) 0.9478
D) 0.3945
Answer: A
297) log 2966

A) 3.4707
B) 7.9950
C) 3.4736
D) 3.4722
Answer: D
298) log 0.0622

A) -1.1993
B) -2.7774
C) -1.2062
D) -1.2132
Answer: C
299) log 0.00422

A) -5.4679
B) -2.3645
C) -2.3851
D) -2.3747
Answer: D
300) log( 4.43 × 10 2

) A) 2.0188
B) 2.6464
C) 0.6464
D) -1.3536
Answer: B
120
301) log(359 × 27)
A) 19.3905
B) 9.1792
C) 3.6573
D) 3.9865
Answer: D
566
302) log
259
A) 11.8954
B) 0.3395
C) 0.7818
D) 1.1407
Answer: B
303) log 307 + log 15

A) 15.5086
B) 8.4349
C) 2.9251
D) 3.6632
Answer: D
304) log 657 - log 203

A) 0.5101
B) 1.2210
C) 11.8009
D) 1.1745
Answer: A
Solve the problem. Round your answer to the nearest tenth, when appropriate. Use the formula pH = -log
H3 O+ , as needed.
305) Find the pH if [H3 O+ ] = 5.8 × 10 -10 .
A) - 10.8
B) 10.8
C) 9.2
D) 9.6
Answer: C
306) Find the pH if [H3 O+ ] = 1.0 × 10 -3 .

A) 11
B) - 3
C) 3
D) - 11
Answer: C
121
307) Find the pH if [H3 O+ ] = 5.8 × 10 -10 .
A) 10.8
B) 9.2
C) 9.8
D) 10.2
Answer: B
308) Find [H3 O+ ] if the pH = 10 .

A) 1.0 × 10 -10
B) 3.0 × 10 -10
C) 2.0 × 10 10
D) 1.0 × 10 10
Answer: A
309) Find [H3 O+ ] if the pH = 3 .4.

A) 2.5 × 10 -3
B) 4.0 × 10 -4
C) 2.5 × 10 -4
D) 4.0 × 10 -3
Answer: B
310) Find the [H3 O+] if the pH = 2.3.

A) 3.6 × 10-1
B) 2.7 × 101
C) 2.0 × 102
D) 5.0 × 10-3
Answer: D
Solve the problem.

311) An earthquake was recorded with an intensity which was 158,489 times more powerful than a reference
level earthquake, or 158,489 ∙ I0. What is the magnitude of this earthquake on the Richter scale (rounded
to the nearest tenth)? Intensity on the Richter scale is log10(I/I0 ).
A) 5.2
B) 4.2
C) 0.5
D) 12.0
Answer: A
312) If an earthquake measured 8.5 on the Richter scale, what was the approximate intensity of the
earthquake in terms of I0 ? Intensity on the Richter scale is log10(I/I0 ).
A) 4900 I0
B) 250,000,000 I0
C) 32,000,000 I0
D) 320,000,000 I0
Answer: D
122
6.1
313) An earthquake had an intensity 10 times more powerful than a reference level earthquake, or 10 6.1 ∙
I0 .
What was the magnitude of this earthquake on the Richter scale? R = log10(I/I0 ).
A) 6.1
B) 14
C) 3.9
D) 16.1
Answer: A
314) The loudness of a sound can be quantified in units called decibels, where the number of decibels d is
I
given by the formula d = 10 log .
I0
What is the decibel rating of a sound having an intensity I = 100 I0 ?
A) 20 decibels
B) 12 decibels
C) 2 decibels
D) 100 decibels
Answer: A
315) A certain noise has an intensity I of 9.79 × 10-4 . Given that decibel level D is related to intensity by
I
D = 10 log , where I0 is 10-12, determine the decibel level of the noise. Round your answer to the
nearest
I0
decibel.
A) 90 decibels
B) 207 decibels
C) 9 decibels
D) 80 decibels
Answer: A
I
316) The decibel level D of a sound is related to its intensity I by D = 10 log . If I0 is 10-12, then what is the
I0
intensity of a noise measured at 49 decibels? Express your answer in scientific notation, rounding to
three significant digits, if necessary.
A) 1.34 × 1014 watt/m 2
B) 7.94 × 10-7 watt/m 2
C) 7.94 × 10-8 watt/m2
D) 4.9 × 10-10 watt/m 2
Answer: C
317) The population growth of an animal species is described by F(t) = 400 log (2t + 3) where t is
measured in months. Find the population of this species in an area 6 months after the species is
introduced.
A) 704
B) 74
C) 470
D) 240
Answer: C
123
318) Suppose that the salinity S of ocean water at a given depth d is modeled by the equation
S(d) = 33.1 + 1.2 log (d + 1), where S is measured in grams salt per kilogram water and d is measured in
meters. What is the salinity when the depth is 572 m? Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.
A) 92.49 g salt/kg water
B) 90.09 g salt/kg water
C) 36.41 g salt/kg water
D) -29.79 g salt/kg water
Answer: C
Find the value. Give an approximation to four decimal places.

319) ln 287
A) 0.1762
B) 105.9041
C) 5.6595
D) 2.4579
Answer: C
320) ln 0.989
A) 0.0111
B) 0.0048
C) -0.0111
D) -0.0048
Answer: C
321) ln 0.000506
A) 3.2958
B) -7.5890
C) 7.5890
D) -3.2958
Answer: B
322) ln 44,400,000
A) 17.6088
B) 6.0958
C) 0.0566
D) 7.6474
Answer: A
323) ln ( 5.54 × e -4
) A) 1.7153
B) 5.7120
C) -2.2880
D) 1.7120
Answer: C
324) ln(815 × 34)

A) 4.4584
B) 4.4277
C) 23.6379
D) 10.2295
Answer: D
124
93
325) ln
23
A) 1.4456
B) 1.3971
C) -7.4080
D) 7.6681
Answer: B
326) ln 522 + ln 29
A) 21.0714
B) 4.2048
C) 3.9743
D) 9.6250
Answer: D
327) ln 96 - ln 22
A) 1.4766
B) 7.6554
C) -5.9945
D) 1.4733
Answer: D
Solve the problem.

328) The logarithmic function f(x) = -100 + 86 ln x models the number of visitors (in millions) to a certain
country's museums, where x is the number of years since the initial recording of the number of visitors.
Use this function to estimate the number of visitors in year 50. Round to the nearest tenth of a year.
A) 354.7 million
B) 236.4 million
C) 177.3 million
D) 118.2 million
Answer: B
329) Quail are game birds that fare poorly when their habitat is encroached upon. Wildlife biologists have
discovered that the population P of quail in a region is related to the percent of the region that has been
paved with roads and parking lots, according to the formula
32
P = k ln ,0≤x≤
29, x + 3
where x is the percent of the region that has been paved. For a particular rural region, P = 1000 when x =
0. Predict what the quail population will be in this region when it becomes 8% paved. Round your
answer to the nearest whole number.
A) 451 quail
B) 0 quail
C) 462 quail
D) 504 quail
Answer: A
125
Use the change of base rule to find the logarithm to four decimal places.
330) log2 6
A) -2.5850
B) 5.1700
C) 2.5850
D) 0.3869
Answer: C
331) log 9 62.74

A) 6.9711
B) 1.7975
C) 1.8837
D) 0.5309
Answer: C
332) log 5 0.497

A) -0.4344
B) -2.3019
C) -0.3036
D) 10.0604
Answer: A
333) log 2.6 294

A) 2.4683
B) 0.1681
C) 113.0769
D) 5.9482
Answer: D
334) log 7.0 5.4

A) 1.1539
B) 0.7714
C) 0.7324
D) 0.8666
Answer: D
335) log 144.6

8
A) 0.2090
B) 0.4515
C) 2.3920
D) 4.7839
Answer: D
126
336) log2 0.61
A) -0.7131
B) -1.4262
C) -1.4023
D) 0.7131
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

337) Which of the following is the same as 3log(4x) for x > 0?
A) log(12x)
B) log(64x3 )
C) log 12 + log x
D) log 64 ∙ log x3
Answer: B
338) Which of the following is the same as log(12x) - log (3x) for x > 0?
log(12x)
A)
log(3x)
B) log(4)
C) 4 log x
D) log(9x)
Answer: B
339) The graph of y = ex is shown with the coordinates of a point displayed at the bottom of the screen.
Write the logarithmic equation associated with the display.
Answer: ln 5.986301 = 1.7894737
340) The graph of y = 10x is shown with the coordinates of a point displayed at the bottom of the screen.
Write the logarithmic equation associated with the display.
Answer: log 8.8586679 = .94736842
127
341) Why does loga a always equal 1 for any valid base a?
Answer: Because a 1 = a
342) Explain how the graph of y = log2 (x + 7) can be obtained from the graph of y = log2 x.
Answer: The graph is shifted 7 units to the left.
x
343) Explain how the graph of y = log3 can be obtained from the graph of y = log3 x.
4
x
Answer: The graph is shifted down by log 3 4 units. log3 = log3 x - log3 4, since the log of q quotient is
4
the difference of the logs.
344) Give a definition for the following term: Exponential function .

Answer: A function defined by y = ax, where a > 0, a ≠ 1, and x is a real number.
345) What is the domain of the function y = log 8 x?

A) [0, ∞)
B) (-∞, ∞)
C) (0, ∞)
D) (8, ∞)
Answer: C
346) What is the range of the function y = log 3 x?

A) (3, ∞)
B) [0, ∞)
C) (-∞, ∞)
D) (0, ∞)
Answer: C
347) With the function f(x) = log a x, why can't x be less than 0?
Answer: Answers may vary. One possibility: The function is defined for all positive numbers a, a ≠ 1. Since a
positive number raised to any real-number exponent is a positive number, x must be positive, too.
That begs the question of why a must be positive. Assume that a is a negative number. A negative
number raised to certain powers (e.g., 1/2) would yield a non-real number.
348) Why can't 1 be the base of a logarithmic function?

Answer: Answers may vary. One possibility: If the base of a logarithm were 1, as in y = log 1 x, then for all
values of y, x would equal 1. A function requires each x-coordinate to have a unique y-coordinate.
Thus, the equation y = log 1 x, whose graph would be equivalent to the line x = 1, would not be a
function.
349) Without using a calculator, explain why 2 π must be greater than 8 but less than 16.
128
Answer: Since 3π < 4, 2 3 π < 2 4 ; that is 2 π is greater than 2 3 (or 8), but less than 2 4 (or 16). This is true
because 2 x is an increasing function.
129
350) Explain why log 2 13 is between 3 and 4.
Answer: log 2 8 = 3 and log 2 16 = 4. Since 8 < 13 < 16, then 3 < log 2 13 < 4. This is true because log 2 x
is an increasing function.
log a 5
351) Explain why = 5.
a
log a 5
Answer: Let log 5 = x. Then ax = 5. Replacing x with log 5, we have = 5.
a a
a
352) Explain the error in the following: log 4 3y = log 4 3 ∙ log 4 y.
Answer: A logarithm of a product is not equal to a product of logarithms but to a sum of logarithms. log 4
3y =
log 4 3 + log 4 y
353) Explain the error in the following: log 6 8 - log 6 N = log 6 (8 - N).
Answer: A difference of logarithms is not equal to the logarithm of the difference but to the logarithm
of the quotient .
8
log 6 8 - log 6 N = log6
N
Solve the equation. Round to the nearest thousandth.

354) 3 x = 23
A) {2.854}
B) {2.037}
C) {0.350}
D) {7.667}
Answer: A
355) 4 (x - 1) = 22
A) {3.230}
B) {6.500}
C) {2.705}
D) {1.230}
Answer: A
356) 5 (3x - 1) = 17
A) {1.467}
B) {0.253}
C) {0.920}
D) {0.741}
130
Answer: C
131
357) 5e(4x - 1) = 25
A) {0.411}
B) {0.652}
C) {6.500}
D) {0.152}
Answer: B
358) 9 (x + 4) = 3 x
A) {-
8.000} B)
{-9.140} C)
{8.000} D)
{-6.860}
Answer: A
359) 5 (3 - x) = 20
A) { 1.000 }
B) { 3.537 }
C) { -1.000 }
D) { 1.139 }
Answer: D
360) 4 3x = 7 (x +
1) A) {0.879}
B) { 2.404 }
C) { -3.477
} D) { 1.404
}
Answer: A
361) 8e(9x + 6) = 6
A) {-
0.699} B)
{0.921}
C) {-
2.319} D)
{-2.255}
Answer: A
362) e9xe7x = e2
A) {0.208}
B) {1.445}
C) {-
1.195} D)
{0.125}
Answer: D
363) 166(1.28)x/4 = 332

A) {9.431}
130
B) {11.231}
C) {13.031}
D) {1.425}
Answer: B
131
Solve the equation. Give the answer in exact form.
364) e2x - 9ex + 20 = 0
A) {ln (-5), ln (-
4)} B) {e5 , e4 }
5 4
C) ,
e e
D) {ln 5, ln
4} Answer: D
365) 3e2x + 7ex = 6

2
A) ln
3
3
B) ln
2
2
C) ln , ln (-3)
3
D) {e2/3 , e- 3 }
Answer: A
366) 5 2x + 3(5 x) = 28
A) {log5 4}
B) {5 ln 4, 5 ln (-
7)} C) {5 ln 4}
D) {log5 4, log5 (-
7)} Answer: A
Solve the equation and express the solution in exact form.

367) ln(21x + 4) = ln 10
5
A)
21
2
B)
3
2
C) -
7
2
D)
7
Answer: D
368) log (x + 9) = 1 - log x

A) {-1}
B) {-10, 1}
C) {-1, 10}
D) {1}
Answer: D
132
369) ln(5x - 6) + ln (x - 6) = ln
36
36
A) 0,
5
B) ∅
6
C) 6,
5
36
D)
5
Answer: D
370) log9 (x - 4) + log9 (x - 4) = 1

A) {- 17,
17} B) {-7, 7}
C) { 17}
D) {7}
Answer: D
371) log 4 x = log 3 + log (x + 2

) 6
A)
7
5
B)
3
C) {6}
D) {2}
Answer: C
372) log ( 3 + x) - log (x - 4 ) = log 2

A) ∅
B) 11
3
C)
2
D) - 11
Answer: B
373) ln 6x + ln 3x = ln 19
A) {1}
e19
B)
18
C) {0}
19 1/2
D)
18
Answer: D
133
374) ln(-x) + ln 4 = ln(3x -
9) A) ∅
9
B)
7
9
C) -
7
7
D)
9
Answer: A
375) log(x + 10) = 1 + log(4x -

40
3) A) ,1
39
40
B)
39
C) {1}
13
D)
3
Answer: B
376) log3 x = log 3 x

A) {1, 3}
B) {3}
C) {0, 3}
D) {0, 1}
Answer: A
377) ln ex - ln e8 = ln e3
A) {11}
B) {24}
C) {-5}
D) {5}
Answer: A
9
378) log2 2x2 =
2
A) {- 8, 8}
B) {16}
C) {- 256,
256} D) {- 16,
16}
Answer: D
379) log6 x2 = (log6 x)2

A) {1, 36}
B) {0, 6}
C) {36}
D) {1, 6}
Answer:
A
134
380) log3 (log3 x) = 1
A) {3}
B) {9}
C) {6}
D) {27}
Answer: D
381) ln x - ln (x - 7) = ln 2
A) ∅
B) 14
7 ln 2
C)
ln 2 - 1
D) {-5}
Answer:
B
382) log2 (x + 9) + log2 (x - 9) = 2

A) {85}
B) 2
C) 82
D) { 85}
Answer: D
Solve for the indicated

variable.
383) T = T0 ekt/400 , for t
k T
A) t = ln
400 T0
400T
B) t =
kT0
400
C) t = ln (T - T0 )
k
400 T
D) t = ln
k T0
Answer: D
384) f = i - k ln t, for t
i-f
A) t = ln
k
i-f
B) t =
k
C) t = e(i - f)/k
D) t = e(f - i)/k
Answer: C
135
385) T - T0 = (T1 -T0 )10-kt, for
t
1 T
A) t = - log
k T1
1 T - T0
B) t = - log
k T1 - T0
T - T0
C) t = -
k(T1 - T0 )
1
D) t = - log (T - T1 )
k
Answer: B
Ws
386) A = , for r
1 - (1 + z)-r
W
A) r = ln
(A - As) (1 + z)
A
B) r = ln
(A - Ws) (1 + z)
ln W
C) r =
ln[(A - As) (1 - z)]
ln A - ln(A - Ws)
D) r =
ln(1 + z)
Answer: D
387) P = 20,000 ∙ ev/4 , for v

P
A) v = 4 ∙ ln
20,000
B) v = 20 ∙ ln P
P
C) v = 4 ∙ ln
4000
D) v = ln (20
P) Answer: A
388) logs (z + x) = logs(2z - 4), for x

A) x = logs(z - 4)
logsz
B) x =
4
z
C) x =
4
D) x = z - 4
Answer: D
136
R
389) I = (1 - e-as/3 ), for s
P
3 IP
A) s = - ln 1 -
a R
IRP ∙ ln ( 1 - a )
B) s =
3
3 ∙ ln ( 1 - a
C) s =
) IRP
3 ln ( 1 - IPR )
D) s = -
a
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

390) How long must $5300 be in a bank at 5% compounded annually to become $9993.94? (Round to the
nearest year.)
A) 14 yr
B) 15 yr
C) 13 yr
D) 12 yr
Answer: C
391) Find the number of years for $3800 to grow to $9500 at 4% compounded semiannually. Round to the
nearest tenth of a year.
A) 22.2 yr
B) 23.1 yr
C) 22.6 yr
D) 27.7 yr
Answer: B
392) What is the rate on an investment that doubles $5697 in 15 years? Assume interest is compounded
quarterly.
A) 3.5%
B) 5.8%
C) 4.6%
D) 2.3%
Answer:
C
393) What is the rate on an investment that triples $8492 in 22 years? Assume interest is compounded monthly.
A) 4.2%
B) 5.0%
C) 6.3%
D) 3.3%
Answer: B
394) At what interest rate must $4800 be compounded annually to equal $7389.38 after 11 yr? (Round to the
nearest percent.)
A) 6%
B) 3%
C) 4%
D) 5%
137
Answer: C
138
395) How long will it take for $2100 to grow to $42,600 at an interest rate of 3.2% if the interest is
compounded quarterly? Round the number of years to the nearest hundredth.
A) 94.44 yr
B) 95.56 yr
C) 377.74 yr
D) 636.46 yr
Answer: A
396) Use your graphing calculator to find how long it will take for $9500 invested at 3.175% per year
compounded daily to triple in value. Find the answer to the nearest year. Use 365 days for a year.
A) 4,610,047 yr
B) 35 yr
C) 46,299 yr
D) 0 yr
Answer: B
397) The growth in population of a city can be seen using the formula p(t) = 2148e0.008t, where t is the
number of years. Use this formula to calculate the population after 10 years.
A) 4654
B) 2327
C) 6981
D) 2521
Answer: B
398) The growth in population of a city can be seen using the formula p(t) = 6029e0.008t, where t is the number
of years. According to this formula, how many years will it take the population to double its year 0 value?
Round to the nearest tenth of a year.
A) 65.0 yr
B) 86.6 yr
C) 43.3 yr
D) 173.2 yr
Answer: B
399) The growth in population of a city can be seen using the formula p(t) = 10,124e0.004t, where t is the
number of years. According to this formula, in how many years will the population reach 15,186? Round
to the nearest tenth of a year.
A) 202.7 yr
B) 101.4 yr
C) 76.0 yr
D) 50.7 yr
Answer: B
139
400) Suppose the government wants to impose a tax on fossil fuels to reduce carbon emissions. The cost benefit
is modeled by ln(1 - P) = -0.0039 - 0.0051x, where x represents the dollars of tax per ton of carbon emitted
and P represents the percent reduction in emissions of carbon. (P is in decimal form.) Determine P when x =
63. Round to three decimal places.
A) -0.272
B) 0.278
C) -0.22
D) 1.722
Answer: B
2 - log (100 - x)
401) Suppose that y = can be used to calculate the number of years y for x percent of a
population of
0.29
499 web-footed sparrows to die. Approximate the percentage (to the nearest whole per cent) of web-
footed sparrows that died after 3 yr.
A) 85%
B) 89%
C) 87%
D) 81%
Answer: C
402) Suppose f(x) = 32.6 + 1.2log (x + 1) models salinity of ocean water to depths of 1000 meters at a certain
latitude. x is the depth in meters and f(x) is in grams of salt per kilogram of seawater. Approximate the
salinity (to the nearest hundredth) when the depth is 771 meters.
A) 95.34 g/kg
B) -29.13
g/kg C) 92.94
g/kg D) 36.07
g/kg
Answer: D
depth (to the nearest tenth of a meter) where the salinity equals 37.
A) -1.0 m
B) -0.9 m
C) 202.1 m
D) 204.1
m
Answer: C
404) The height in meters of women of a certain tribe is approximated by h = 0.52 + 2 log (t/3) where t is the
woman's age in years and 1 ≤ t ≤ 20. Estimate the height (to the nearest hundredth) of a woman of the tribe
4 years of age.
A) 0.96 m
B) 1.12 m
C) 0.77 m
D) 0.52 m
Answer: C
140
405) The population growth of an animal species is described by F(t) = 400 log(2t + 3) where t is measured in
months.
Find the population of this species in an area 6 months after the species is introduced.
A) 470
B) 240
C) 704
D) 74
Answer: A
406) The population of a particular city is increasing at a rate proportional to its size. It follows the function
P(t) = 1 + ke0.12t where k is a constant and t is the time in years. If the current population is 19,000, in how
many years is the population expected to be 47,500? Round to the nearest year.
A) 8 yr
B) 5 yr
C) 53 yr
D) 3 yr
Answer: A
407) The population of country A in millions is modeled by f(x) = 17.6e0.0018x. During the same time period,
the population of country B in millions is modeled by g(x) = 13.5e0.0101x. In both formulas x is the
number of years. Assuming these trends continue, estimate what the population will be when the
populations are equal. Round to the nearest million.
A) 19 million
B) 18 million
C) 17 million
D) 1 million
Answer: A
408) Given that f(x) = ex - 1 + 3, find f-1 (x) and give the domain and range of f-1 (x).
A) f-1 (x) = ln(x - 1) + 3, domain = (3, ∞), range = (- ∞,
∞ ) B) f-1 (x) = ln(x - 3) + 1, domain = (3, ∞ ), range = (-
∞, ∞ )
C) f-1 (x) = ln(x - 1) + 3, domain = (- ∞, ∞), range = (-∞ ,

∞ ) D) f-1 (x) = ln(x - 3) + 1, domain = (0, ∞ ), range = (0,
∞)
Answer: B
409) Given that f(x) = 5 ln 2x, find f-1 (x) and give the domain and range of f-1 (x) .
1
A) f-1 (x) = ex-5 , domain = (0, ∞), range = (- ∞,
∞)
2
1
B) f-1 (x) = ex/5, domain = (0, ∞), range = (- ∞,
∞)
2
1
C) f-1 (x) = ex-5 , domain = (- ∞, ∞ ), range = (0,
∞)
2
141
1
D) f-1 (x) = ex/5, domain = (- ∞, ∞ ), range = (0,
∞)
2
Answer: D
142
Solve the following graphically. If necessary, round answers to the nearest thousandth.
410) x2 + 2x - 6 = ex - 3 + 1
A) {-3.82,
1.9} B) {-
3.03}
C) {-3.83,
1.89} D) {-
3.81, 1.9}
Answer: C
411) log (x - 1) - 3 = x2 - 10x +

20
A) {3.454, 6.659}
B) {3.4852, 6.665}
C) ∅
D) {3.4134, 6.6954}
Answer: A
3
412) ln (x + 3) = - x + 6
A) ∅
B) {-
2.8151} C)
{-2.772} D)
{-2.7501}
Answer: C
1
413) ex - 2 =
x+0
A) {0.000,
1.557} B)
{1.557}
C) ∅
D) {-1.5724,
1.536} Answer: B
414) ex - 6 = -8e-x
A) {1.386, 0.693}
B) {0.602, 0.301}
C) {4, 2}
D) {-1}
Answer:
A
415) log x2 = (log x)2

A) {1, 2}
B) {1, 100 }
C) {0, 1}
D) {1, 10.000}
Answer: B
140
416) ex + ln 7 = 4ex
A) {1.946}
B) ∅
C) {2.054}
D) {0.486}
Answer: B
417) 300(1 + 0.03)2x =

900
A)
{211.547}
B)
{74.3340193}
C) {-
72.137} D)
{18.584}
Answer: D
418) ex + ln x = 7
A) {1.259}
B) {2.854}
C) {3.621}
D) {1.854}
Answer: D
419) ex + ln 7 = 8ex
A) {1.946}
B) {-2.560}
C) {-1.280}
D) {-1.531}
Answer: C
Solve the problem.

log 3
420) The exact solution to an exponential equation such as 2 x = 3 can be expressed in three forms:2log 3,
, or log 2
ln 3
. Give the exact solution to the following exponential equation in three
forms. ln 2
3 x = 13
log 3 ln 3
A) log3 13; ;
log 13 ln 13
log 13 ln 13
B) log3 13; ;
log 3 ln 3
log 13 ln 13
C) log13 3; ;
log 3 ln 3
log 3 ln 3
D) log13 3; ;
log 13 ln 13
Answer: B
141
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the
question.
421) Between what two integers does the solution of 8 x = 51 lie? Explain your answer.
Answer: The solution lies between 1 and 2, because 8 1 < 51 < 8 2
422) Between what two integers does the solution of log8 x = 4.2 lie?
Answer: The solution lies between 6208 and 6209, because log8 6208 < 4.2 < log8 6209.
423) Without solving the inequality, what are the restrictions on x if log7 (x - 5) - log7 (x + 3) > 3? Explain.
Answer: x > 5 because the argument of a logarithmic expression must be positive.
424) Write the algebraic equation which can be used to find the exact solution of log3 (x - 5) + log3 (x - 6) = 2.
Answer: (x - 5)(x - 6) = 9
-
425) Write the algebraic equation which can be used to find the exact solution of 2log 2 (x - 1) =
10
.x
- 10
Answer: (x - 1)(x - 10) = -10
426) Explain how to solve e2x - 10ex + 24 = 0 analytically.

Answer: Factor as a polynomial ex. (ex - 4)(ex - 6) = 0
427) A population is increasing according to the exponential function defined by y = 3e.04x, where y is in
millions and x is the number of years. Which of the following should be done in order to answer the
question "How long will it take for the population to quadruple?"
A) Solve 3e.04x = 4.
B) Evaluate y =
3e.04(1/4). C) Evaluate y
= 3e.04(4) . D) Solve
3e.04x = 12.
Answer: D
question "When will the population reach 4 million?"
A) Solve 3e.04x = 12.
B) Evaluate y =
3e.04(1/4). C) Solve
3e.04x = 4.
D) Evaluate y =
3e.04(4) . Answer: C
142
question "How large will the population be in 4 years?"
A) Solve 3e.04x = 12.
B) Evaluate y =
3e.04(1/4). C) Evaluate y
= 3e.04(4) . D) Solve
3e.04x = 4.
Answer: C
question "How large will the population be in 3 months?"
A) Evaluate y =
3e.04(3) . B) Solve
3e.04x = 1/4.
C) Evaluate y =
3e.04(1/4). D) Solve
3e.04x = 3.
Answer: C
431) The population growth of an animal species is described by F(t) = 400 log(2t + 3) where t is measured in
months.
Find the population of this species in an area 6 months after the species is introduced.
A) 240
B) 470
C) 74
D) 704
Answer: B
432) In the formula N = Iekt, N is the number of items in terms of an initial population I at a given time t and
k is a growth constant equal to the percent of growth per unit time. How long will it take for the
population of a certain country to double if its annual growth rate is 7.6%? Round to the nearest year.
A) 9 yr
B) 1 yr
C) 26 yr
D) 4 yr
Answer: A
k is a growth constant equal to the percent of growth per unit time. How long will it take for the
population of a certain country to triple if its annual growth rate is 5%? Round to the nearest year.
A) 60 yr
B) 1 yr
C) 22 yr
D) 10 yr
Answer: C
143
k is a growth constant equal to the percent of growth per unit time. There are currently 54 million cars in
a certain country, increasing by 2.5% annually. How many years will it take for this country to have 70
million cars? Round to the nearest year.
A) 6 yr
B) 4 yr
C) 111 yr
D) 10 yr
Answer: D
k is a growth constant equal to the percent of growth per unit time. There are currently 80 million cars in
a certain country, decreasing by 6.9% annually. How many years will it take for this country to have 61
million cars? Round to the nearest year.
A) 2 yr
B) 4 yr
C) 43 yr
D) 3 yr
Answer: B
436) The population of a particular city is increasing at a rate proportional to its size. It follows the function
P(t) = 1 + ke0.08t where k is a constant and t is the time in years. If the current population is 12,000, in how
many years is the population expected to be 30,000?
A) 5 yr
B) 69 yr
C) 11 yr
D) 6 yr
Answer: C
437) The number of books in a small library increases according to the function B = 6800e0.03t, where t is
measured in years. How many books will the library have after 7 years?
A) 8389 books
B) 10,612 books
C) 11,028 books
D) 4609 books
Answer: A
438) Use the formula P = Iekt. A bacterial culture has an initial population of 10,000. If its population declines to
7000 in 6 hours, what will it be at the end of 8 hours?
A) 3108
B) 1500
C) 6215
D) 7366
Answer: C
144
439) In year 0, the number of female athletes participating in Summer Olympic-Type Games was 550. In year
11, about 3600 participated in the Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Assuming that P(0) = 500 and that the
exponential model applies, find the value of k rounded to the hundredths place, and write the function.
A) k = 0.16; P(t) =
500e0.16t B) k = 0.17; P(t)
= 500e0.17t C) k = 0.17;
P(t) = 500e0.27t D) k =
0.19; P(t) = 500e0.19t
Answer: B
440) How long will it take for $8900 to grow to $25,600 at an interest rate of 5.4% if the interest is
compounded continuously? Round the number of years to the nearest hundredth.
A) 0.69 yr
B) 19.57 yr
C) 1956.56 yr
D) 1.96 yr
Answer: B
441) Assume the cost of a gallon of milk is $2.70. With continuous compounding, find the time it would take the
cost to be 4 times as much (to the nearest tenth of a year), at an annual inflation rate of 6%.
A) 0.0 yr
B) 0.1 yr
C) 8.5 yr
D) 23.1 yr
Answer: D
442) How long will it take for prices in the economy to double at a 6% annual inflation rate?
A) 18.85 yr
B) 10.24 yr
C) 23.45 yr
D) 11.9 yr
Answer: D
443) Assume the cost of a car is $18,000. With continuous compounding in effect, find the number of years it
would take to double the cost of the car at an annual inflation rate of 3.8%. Round the answer to the nearest
hundredth.
A) 2.58 yr
B) 276.09 yr
C) 257.85 yr
D) 18.24 yr
Answer: D
444) Suppose the consumption of electricity grows at 5.3% per year, compounded continuously. Find the
number of years before the use of electricity has tripled. Round the answer to the nearest hundredth.
A) 20.73 yr
B) 56.60 yr
C) 0.21 yr
D) 2.07 yr
Answer: A
145
445) An economist predicts that the buying power B(x) of a dollar x years from now will decrease according to
the formula B(x) = 0.79x. How much will today's dollar be worth in 3 years? Round the answer to the
nearest cent.
A) $0.49
B) $0.93
C) $2.38
D) $2.37
Answer: A
446) A certain country's Consumer Price Index is approximated by A(t) = 100e0.024t, where t represents the
number of years. Use the function to determine the year in which costs will be 50% higher than in year 0.
A) year 15
B) year 13
C) year 19
D) year 17
Answer: D
447) Suppose the number of Quickie hamburgers (in millions) served yearly can be modeled by f(x) = 35.4e0.15x.
Approximate how many years it takes for the number of hamburgers served to reach 119 million. Round to
the
nearest year.
A) 8 yr
B) 10 yr
C) 7 yr
D) 9 yr
Answer: A
448) A sample of 250 grams of radioactive substance decays according to the function A(t) = 250e-.032t, where t
is
the time in years. How much of the substance will be left in the sample after 40 years? Round your answer to
the
nearest whole gram.
A) 4219 g
B) 70 g
C) 0 g
D) 1 g
Answer: B
449) How long will it take a sample of radioactive substance to decay to half of its original amount, if it
decays according to the function A(t) = 200e-.187t, where t is the time in years? Round your answer to
the nearest hundredth year.
A) 3.71 yr
B) 32.04 yr
C) 37.40 yr
D) 28.33 yr
Answer: A
146
450) In the formula A(t) = A0 ekt, A is the amount of radioactive material remaining from an initial amount A0
at a given time t, and k is a negative constant determined by the nature of the material. A certain
radioactive isotope decays at a rate of 0.3% annually. Determine the half-life of this isotope, to the nearest
year.
A) 100 yr
B) 167 yr
C) 2 yr
D) 231 yr
Answer: D
3
451) The half-life of an element is 5.0 × 1012 yr. How long does it take a sample of the element to decay to of
its
5
original mass? Use A = A0 (0.5)(t/T) where A0 is the initial amount, T is the half-life, and t is the time.
(Express results in scientific notation, rounded to the nearest hundredth.)
A) 1.77 × 1012
yr B) 9.12 × 1011
yr C) 3.68 × 1012
yr D) 4.56 ×
1012 yr
Answer: C
452) The decay of 607 mg of an isotope is given by A(t) = 607e-0.024t, where t is time in years. Find the
amount left after 14 years.
A) 434 mg
B) 217 mg
C) 593 mg
D) 423 mg
Answer: A
453) A certain radioactive isotope has a half-life of approximately 1350 years. How many years to the nearest
year would be required for a given amount of this isotope to decay to 80% of that amount?
A) 270 yr
B) 435 yr
C) 355 yr
D) 3135 yr
Answer: B
454) An artifact is discovered at a certain site. If it has 72% of the carbon-14 it originally contained, what
is the approximate age of the artifact to the nearest year? (carbon-14 decays at the rate of 0.0125%
annually.)
A) 2240 yr
B) 5760 yr
C) 2628 yr
D) 1141 yr
Answer: C
147
455) A certain radioactive isotope decays at a rate of 0.15% annually. Determine the half-life of this isotope,
to the nearest year.
A) 462 yr
B) 5 yr
C) 333 yr
D) 201 yr
Answer: A
456) Coffee is best enjoyed at a temperature of 117°F. A restaurant owner wants to discover the temperature T
at which he should serve his coffee so that it will have cooled to this ideal temperature in 6 minutes. He
discovers that a cup of coffee served at 197°F cools to 181°F in one minute when his restaurant is at 68°F. If
he maintains the restaurant temperature at 68°F, at what temperature should he serve the coffee to meet
his goal?
A) 197°F
B) 171°F
C) 196°F
D) 176°F
Answer: D
457) The amount of particulate matter left in solution during a filtering process is given by the equation
P = 600(2)-0.6n, where n is the number of filtering steps. Find the amounts left for n = 0 and n = 5. (Round
to the nearest whole number.)
A) 600, 4800
B) 1200, 75
C) 600, 75
D) 600, 19
Answer: C
458) The purchasing power of a dollar is decreasing at the rate of 7.9% annually, compounded continuously.
How long will it take for the purchasing power of $1.00 to be worth $0.43? Round answers to the nearest
hundredth.
A) 5.44 yr
B) 0.11 yr
C) 1.07 yr
D) 10.68 yr
Answer: D
459) In a town whose population is 1500, a disease creates an epidemic. The number N of people infected t days
1500
after the disease has begun is given by the function N(t) = . Find the number infected after 8
days.
1 + 17.1 ∙ e-0.7t
A) 1413
B) 1409
C) 1411
D) 1414
Answer: C
148
460) Many states have passed laws against smoking in public places since January. The total number of states, N,
50
that have passed a no smoking law, t months after January is given by the function N(t) = .
How
1 + 15 e-0.7t
many states had passed a law in January? Round to the nearest thousandth.
A) 0
B) 1.563
C) 3.125
D) 0.313
Answer: C
461) A lake is stocked with 678 fish of a new variety. The size of the lake, the availability of food, and the
number of other fish restrict growth in the lake to a limiting value of 4237. The population of fish in the
lake after time t, in
4237
months, is given by the function P(t) = . Find the population after 20 months.
1 + 6.13e-0.39t
A) 4236
fish B) 4226
fish C) 4216
fish D) 4241
fish
Answer: B
462) A lake is stocked with 679 fish of a new variety. The size of the lake, the availability of food, and the
number of other fish restrict growth in the lake to a limiting value of 4243. The population of fish in the
lake after time t, in
4243
months, is given by the function P(t) = . After how many months will the population be 3883?
1 + 4.58e-0.39t
A) 10 mo
B) 12 mo
C) 7 mo
D) 17 mo
Answer: A
2 - log(100 - x)
463) Suppose that y = can be used to calculate the number of years y for x percent of a
population of
0.31
265 web-footed sparrows to die. Approximate the percentage (to the nearest whole per cent) of web-
footed sparrows that died after 5 years.
A) 97%
B) 95%
C) 99%
D) 93%
Answer: A
464) Suppose f(x) = 29.4 + 1.5 log(x + 1) models salinity of ocean water to depths of 1000 meters at a certain
salinity (to the nearest hundredth) when the depth is 358 meters.
149
A) -25.57
g/kg B) 73.62
g/kg C) 33.23
g/kg D) 76.62
g/kg
Answer: C
150
depth (to the nearest tenth of a meter) where the salinity equals 32.
A) 1.2 g/kg
B) -0.9 g/kg
C) -0.5 g/kg
D) 3.2 g/kg
Answer: A
466) Suppose the government wants to impose a tax on fossil fuels to reduce carbon emissions. The cost benefit
is modeled by ln(1 - P) = -0.0039 - 0.0057x, where x represents the dollars of tax per ton of carbon emitted
and P represents the percent reduction in emissions of carbon. (P is in decimal form.) Determine P when x =
67. Round to three decimal places.
A) -0.23
B) -0.315
C) 1.680
D) 0.32
Answer: D
467) The hydrogen potential, pH, of a substance is defined by pH = -log [H+], where [H+] is measured in
moles per liter. Find the pH of a sample of lake water whose [H+ ] is 3.05 × 10-9 moles per liter. (Round to
the nearest tenth.)
A) 10.1
B) 7.3
C) 8.5
D) 6.4
Answer: C
468) The height in meters of women of a certain tribe is approximated by h = 0.52 + 2 log(t/3) where t is the
woman's age in years and 1 ≤ t ≤ 20. Estimate the height (to the nearest hundredth) of a woman of the tribe 4
years of age. (Round to the nearest hundredth.)
A) 0.96 m
B) 1.12 m
C) 0.52 m
D) 0.77 m
Answer: D
469) Use the formula D = 10.0 log(S/S 0 ), where the loudness of a sound in decibels is determined by S, the
number of watt/m2 produced by the soundwave, and S0 = 1.00 × 10-12 watt/m2 . A certain noise produces
8.85 × 10-4 watt/m2 of power. What is the decibel level of this noise? (Round to the nearest unit.)
A) 89 decibels
B) 79 decibels
C) 9 decibels
D) 206 decibels
Answer: A
150
470) Use the formula D = 10.0 log(S/S 0 ), where the loudness of a sound in decibels is determined by S, the
number of watt/m2 produced by the soundwave, and S0 = 1.00 × 10-12 watt/m2 . What is the intensity in
watt/m 2 of a
noise measured at 98 decibels? (Round to the nearest
tenth.) A) 6.3 × 10-3 watt/m2
B) 9.8 × 10-10 watt/m 2
C) 6.3 × 10-2 watt/m2
D) 1.8 × 1016 watt/m 2
Answer: A
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Essentials of College Algebra 11th Edition Lial Test Bank 1

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Essentials of College Algebra 11th

Edition Lial Solutions Manual

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Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-

Determine whether or not the function is one-to-one.

10) f(x) = 5x3 + 6

13) f(x) = 3.40

17) f(x) = (4x - 9) 2

Decide whether the given functions are inverses.

24) f = {(-2, -4), (1, 4), (4, -2), (8, 11)}

26) f = {(-9, 12), (6, -5), (-5, 23), (12, -9)}

27) f = {(5, 9), (9, -4), (-4, -7)}

Decide whether the pair of functions graphed are inverses.

42) opening a door

43) setting a clock forward by one hour

45) {(-14, -6), (14, -6), (-18,

46) {(4, -5), (5, -5), (6, 1), (7, -

47) {(-2, 4), (2, -4), (8, -2), (-8, 2)}

49) {(3, -5), (5, -3), (9, 2), (-9, -

51) f(x) = -7x + 1

55) f(x) = x-4,x≥ 4

A) f-1 (x) = (x - 3)3

57) f(x) = (x + 5)2

61) f(x) = x4 - 6x2 + 5; [-3, 3] by [-40, 40]

67) f(x) = x+5

A) Function is its own inverse

Find the domain and range of the inverse of the given

D) Domain: all real numbers; range: [9,

85) f-1 (1)

87) f-1 (3)

Solve the problem.

Determine whether the statement is true or false.

100) Any polynomial function of odd degree is a one-to-one function.

102) If a function f has an inverse function, then f is one-to-one.

110) Let f(x) = 2 x. Find

111) Let f(x) = 2 x. Find f(5.5).

112) Let f(x) = 2 x. Find f(2.71).

Graph the function.

Graph the exponential function using transformations where appropriate.

130) f(x) = 4 x-2 - 1

141) 4 (8 - 2x) = 256

145) a 3/4 = 125

Find the future value.

158) $1689 invested for 4 years at 3% compounded annually

159) $52,161 invested for 8 years at 4% compounded semiannually

160) $1417.32 invested for 6 years at 4% compounded monthly

Find the present value of the future value.

163) $11,000, invested for 9 years at 3% compounded quarterly

Solve the problem.

after time t (in hours), sketch P versus t.

Provide an appropriate response.

Answer: domain: (- ∞ , ∞), range: (- ∞, 0)

Answer: domain: (- ∞ , ∞), range: (0, ∞)

Answer: domain: (- ∞ , ∞), range: (2, ∞)

189) Why can't y = 2x have an x-intercept?

194) log 1/5 5

199) log 10,000

207) 103 = 1000

208) 10-2 = 0.01

Write an equivalent expression in exponential form.

211) log 10,000,000 = 7

214) log 512 = 6

218) log 625 = 4