Experience Sociology 1st Edition Croteau Test Bank 1

Experience Sociology 1st Edition by
Croteau Hoynes ISBN 0073193534

9780073193533
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Test Bank - Chapter 6
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements accurately describes socialization?

a. A small amount of socialization occurs outside of our family.
b. Socialization is a lifelong process.
c. Socialization is the same in every culture.
d. A “sense of self” is forged before socialization begins in earnest.
Answer: b
Page: 137
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
Topic: Introduction
2. Learning the ways of society is known as

a. transformational learning.
b. behavior modification.
c. socialization.
d. child rearing.
Answer: c
Page: 137
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
Topic: Introduction
3. Which group is usually the most important socializing agent when we are children?
a. family
b. friends
c. teachers
d. schools
Answer: a
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Page: 137
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
Topic: Reproducing Structure: Agents of Socialization
4. When Bridget was born her mother taught her about the appropriate behavior for living in an
American society. When she was three years old, she went to daycare full-time because her
mother decided to go back to work. When she was five she started kindergarten. Once she was in
high school, she decided to take a job at a local restaurant as a waitress. Bridget had many
friends in high school and also played on the soccer team. Which of these groups served as
agents of socialization for Bridget?
a. her family and her friends
b. her family, friends, and school
c. her family, friends, daycare, and soccer team
d. her family, friends, daycare, school, job, and the soccer team
Answer: d
Page: 137-141
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
5. Who or what are the agents of socialization who first teach us about our appropriate gender
roles?
a. family
b. peer groups
c. the media
d. school
Answer: a
Page: 137-138
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
6. According to a 2005 study of high school students in Wisconsin, what is the primary motivator
today for high school students’ decision to participate in community or service work?
a. Students want to give back to their community.
b. Students feel pressure from their parents to get involved.
c. Students see this as a way to enhance their chance of college admission.
d. Students know that community work will lead to greater political involvement.
Answer: c
Page: 138
Level: Basic
Type: Comprehension
Topic: Through a Sociological Lens
7. Ryan is a freshman in high school. He was an average student in middle school. He recognizes
that he will have to improve his grades in high school in order to increase his chance of
acceptance by a good college. Ryan lives in a mid-size community in which he has lived his
entire life. He has never really participated in any community events or service work. As he has
talked to his school counselor and his friends, he realizes that it will be important to get involved
in the community so that he can include these experiences on his college applications in a few
years. Ryan found a local food pantry where he could volunteer and decided to help out at his
church as a couple of places to start. What is the motivator for Ryan’s behavior?
a. He is serving as an agent of socialization
b. He is “resume padding.”
c. He is “stacking the deck.”
d. He feels social integration with his community.
Answer: b
Page: 138
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
Topic: Through a Sociological Lens
8. Shania and Enrique are high school students who come from two different families. Shania’s
parents both went to college, her mother works as a high school teacher, and her father is an
accountant. Shania’s parents encouraged her to be involved in extracurricular activities and
various clubs while going to school. Enrique’s parents are both high school graduates, his mother
works as a clerk at the local grocery store, and his father works in construction when he is able to
find work. Sometimes money is tight in the household. Enrique’s parents have asked him to get a
job to help out. Enrique has little time to be involved in school activities and his parents don’t
feel those should be a priority because they take away from time that Enrique could be working
and earning money for the family. When looking at both of these families, what can explain the
difference in the experiences of Enrique and Shania?
a. Gender plays a significant role in the type of activities in which teenagers are involved.
b. Teens from wealthy families enjoy extracurricular activities more than poorer kids.
c. Some teenagers are more motivated to get outside jobs than others.
d. Social class plays a significant role in what is expected of teenagers.
Answer: d
Page: 138
Level: Difficult
Type: Evaluation
9. Which sociologist believes that parents socialize their children into doing similar work to their
own work?
a. Melvin Kohn
b. Erving Goffman
c. Phillipe Aries
d. Karl Mannheim
Answer: a
Page: 138
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
10. Based on cross-national research, which group of parents is MOST likely to check with the
teacher to make sure their child is behaving appropriately in school?
a. Hispanics
b. African Americans
c. Korean Americans
d. European Americans
Answer: c
Page: 138
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
11. In the United States children are taught, starting in kindergarten, what is considered
appropriate behavior. They are expected to learn and say the Pledge of Allegiance every
morning. When their teacher wants to get their attention, he or she may ring a bell or turn the
lights on and off rapidly. At this time, students learn very quickly to stop whatever they are
doing and to sit on the floor in front of the teacher. As they progress through school, teachers still
have expectations of the behavior they would like to see in their students. What is operating in
American schools?
a. an authoritative teaching style
b. a hidden curriculum
c. complacency
d. positive role modeling
Answer: b
Page: 139
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
12. Which agent of socialization is MOST focused on teaching cultural knowledge?

a. the government
b. religious institutions
c the media
d. schools
Answer: d
Page: 139
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
13. Which of the following values are MOST likely to be taught to American children?
a. being a team player
b. pursuing individual achievement
c. learning to respect their parents
d. learning to share with those who are less fortunate
Page: 139
Answer: b
Type: Moderate
Level: Knowledge
14. Today’s children and teenagers are referred to as

a. “Generation M.”
b. “Generation A.”
c. “Generation W.”
d. “Generation H.”
Answer: a
Page: 139
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
15. What agent of socialization has become the most influential agent in contemporary society?
a. schools
b. religion
c. the media
d. the workplace
Answer: c
Page: 139
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
16. What is the primary role that media plays in the lives of children and young people?
a. to be fiscally responsible
b. to become consumers
c. to appreciate the diversity of other cultures
d. to respect their parents and other adults
Answer: b
Page: 139
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
17. At which stage do peer groups often act as a surrogate family?

a. during adolescence
b. as a person enters middle age
c. in the older years
d. in early childhood
Answer: a
Page: 140-141
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge:
18. Julius has been part of a street gang in the city in which he lives since he was very young.
The gang is not violent and serves as a support system for Julius. He has a good relationship with
his family as well. He goes to the local college and has remained a member of the gang.
Mahmoud also goes to college and has joined a fraternity. He really enjoys the fraternity and has
been playing an active role. Mahmoud also has a good relationship with his family. When
comparing these two subcultures, which one is more likely to be an important agent of
socialization?
a. The gang will play a greater role because the members join when they are so young.
b. The fraternity will likely play a greater role because of the higher education level of its
members.
c. Both the gang and the fraternity can play equally significant roles as socializing agents.
d. Both will play a relatively insignificant role because the family has been the major socializing
agent.
Answer: c
Page: 140-141
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
19. Jessica earned her master’s degree. She was excited about finishing graduate school and
finding her first professional job. She obtained a position working in a large marketing
department in a healthcare system in San Francisco. Jessica was nervous about what would be
expected of her. She was unsure about the rules in her own department and in the larger
corporate culture of the organization. Who would likely be the most important socializing agent
for Jessica as she learns the appropriate behaviors in her new work environment?
a. her parents
b. her graduate school professors
c. her graduate school friends
d. her coworkers
Answer: d
Page: 141
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
20. What function of graduate school is often unrecognized?

a. anticipatory socialization from professors
b. resocialization with professional organizations
c. socialization into a professional occupation
d. socialization from peer groups
Answer: c
Page: 141
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
21. Learning the types of norms associated with a type of employment is known as
a. occupational socialization.
b. anticipatory socialization.
c. job skills training.
d. career ladder placement.
Answer: a
Page: 141
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
22. Why did many Harvard law school students switch course from public interest law to
corporate law?
a. They saw that many of their friends in other law schools were doing corporate law.
b. They became socialized into their profession during law school.
c. Many decided they didn’t like working with poor people.
d. Many could not find jobs in nonprofit organizations.
Answer: b
Page: 141
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
23. Which agent of socializing encourages the discussion of nonmaterial values?

a. the media
b. family
c. schools
d. religion
Answer: d
Page: 141
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
24. Which religious group in the United States has been adept at utilizing the media to broadcast
their message?
a. evangelical Christians
b. Unitarians
c. Hindus
d. Lutherans
Answer: a
Page: 141-142
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
25. Who coined the term total institutions?

a. Phillip Aries
b. Erving Goffman
c. Melvin Kohn
d. Karl Mannheim
Answer: b
Page: 142
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
26. In the movie Eat, Pray, Love, actress Julia Roberts plays the role of Liz Gilbert. When Liz
was going through her divorce, she met a man who practiced Eastern philosophy and religion
and had a guru. When Liz decided to take time off to “find herself,” one of the countries to
which she traveled was India. Liz decided to stay in an ashram and hoped to meet the guru in
order to obtain spiritual guidance. While there, Liz was expected to adhere to the strict rules that
were in place. She lived in very simple conditions, was expected to eat the food that was served,
attend prayer services, and was assigned to clean the toilets. She was expected to perform this
task without complaining. What was Liz experiencing while staying in the ashram?
a. secularization
b. a total institution
c. resocialization
d. a religious experience
Answer: b
Page: 142
Level: Difficult
Type: Application
27. People often experience a number of changes in their life. One of the most difficult can occur
during a divorce. It often takes an individual one or two years to adjust to all of the changes
divorce brings. They must to adjust to being a single person, they may have to raise their
children alone, sometimes they have lost friends or family members, they may have to move to a
new residence, or find a new job. Eventually, they may start dating again. What is the process
that these individuals are undergoing?
a. saturation
b. reintegration
c. resocialization
d. total institution
Answer: c
Page: 142
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
28. What perspective examines how age, time, and place shape social identities?
a. the life course
b. functionalism
c. the looking glass self
d. symbolic interactionism
Answer: a
Page: 142
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
Topic: Socialization Through the Life Course
29. The life course often brings with it

a. difficulty in the beginning, a plateau in early adulthood, and then ease later in life.
b. a different experience based on a person’s gender, class, and other aspects of identity.
c. a similar life experience for most people.
d. little opportunity for resocialization.
Answer: b
Page: 142
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
30. A very remote tribe of people lives in the highlands of Papua, New Guinea. Boys are
expected to undergo a blood initiation, which to outsiders would seem quite cruel and inhuman.
For example, elders stick long canes into the young initiates’ noses and a sharp arrow pierces
their tongues a number of times. Members of the tribe believe that these rituals are necessary to
expel the contaminated blood received from their mothers when they gave birth to them. Men
may not marry or assume adult responsibilities unless they undergo these rituals. What do these
rituals represent to these young men?
a. a rite of passage
b. a life-course perspective
c. a total institution
d. agents of socialization
Answer: a
Page: 143
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
31. Kids often play dress-up or play school as a form of
a. resocialization.
b. imitation.
c. role modeling.
d. anticipatory socialization.
Answer: d
Page: 144
Level: Basic
Type: Application
32. How did the Western view of children change in the nineteenth century compared to earlier
times in history?
a. Children were able to work in the new factories and earn income for their family.
b. The lines between childhood and adulthood were blurred.
c. Children became an economic liability rather than an economic asset.
d. Children were viewed as in need of discipline and received severe beatings for transgressions.
Answer: c
Page: 144-145
Level: Basic
Type: Comprehension
33. At what point in Western history did the idea that children should not be used as laborers
become popular?
a. in the 1600’s
b. in the 1700’s
c. in the early nineteenth century
d. in the twentieth century
Answer: c
Page: 145
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
34. Which stage in the life course is filled with contradictions that exist between culture and
biology?
a. adolescence
b. childhood
c. adulthood
d. old age
Answer: a
Page: 145
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
35. Which of the following contributed to creating the gap between childhood and adulthood?
a. the decrease in immigration
b. industrialization
c. the invention of the computer
d. the aging of the population
Answer: b
Page: 145
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
36. Many immigrants come to the United States each year, often in search of a better life for
themselves and their children. For the first-generation immigrants, life in a new country can be
challenging, especially if they do not speak English. They often rely on their children to help
them navigate their new environment. The first-generation immigrants’ children often quickly
assimilate into American culture. It is increasingly difficult for them to maintain the customs
from their traditional culture while living in a society in which many of those customs may be
outdated. This can create conflict between the parents and children. What accounts for this
conflict?
a. a cultural lag
b. a transformational experience
c. an age divide
d. a generation gap
Answer: d
Page: 145
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
37. Some research suggests that, in the United States, there may be a new life stage in which
young adults delay their entry into adulthood. This is known as
a. emerging adulthood.
b. transitional adolescence.
c. the boomerang generation.
d. the generation gap.
Answer: a
Page: 146
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
38. Which of the following groups is more likely to experience a shorter period of adolescence?
a. females of all races and ethnicities
b. white males
c. working-class youth
d. middle-class youth
Answer: c
Page: 145-146
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
39. As life-course trajectories became more standardized, what was the typical life course
sequence experienced by a majority of the men in the twentieth century?
a. complete high school, marriage, parenthood, divorce
b. complete high school, entry into first job, marriage, parenthood
c. first job, marriage, military service, parenthood
d. complete high school, complete college, marriage, parenthood
Answer: b
Page: 146
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
40. What is the most common life-course pattern for men in the United States today?
a. work, parenthood, cohabitation
b. college, work, marriage
c. college, work, cohabitation
d. work, marriage, parenthood
Answer: d
Page: 146
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
41. How is the life-course sequence different for men and women in the United States today?
a. Men are more likely to complete college.
b. Women are more likely to marry while men are more likely to cohabit.
c. Women are more likely to have a period of unemployment to care for children.
d. Women are more likely to have parenthood as part of their sequence.
Answer: c
Page: 146
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
42. When examining the various life changes, which is, for many American adults, the most
significant life change they will experience?
a. getting a new job
b. moving to a new city
c. becoming a manager or supervisor
d. having a child
Answer: d
Page: 146
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
43. What is the current retirement age, for those born after 1960, to receive full Social Security
benefits in the United States?
a. 65
b. 67
c. 69
d. 70
Answer: b
Page: 147
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
44. From the 1950s to the present time, what has the trend been for labor force participation for
men aged 65 and older?
a. there has been no clear cut pattern as the rates change every year
b. it follows an up and down pattern from one decade to the next
c. it decreased and then has been on the increase after 1985
d. it has stayed relatively stable over time
Answer: c
Page: 147
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
45. Which stage of the life course is challenging due to the United States’ cultural emphasis on
youth?
a. adulthood
b. adolescence
c. childhood
d. aging
Answer: d
Page: 147
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
46. Roger is 55 years old. He has been working in the banking industry for almost all of his adult
life. He has been with his current employer for the last 15 years. There has been a great deal of
change over that time. With recent economic uncertainty, there has been some downsizing at the
bank. When Roger talks with his friends who are roughly the same age, they discuss similar
situations in their organizations. What is the typical corporate experience that Roger and his
friends are likely to encounter?
a. They are being targeted for job cuts.
b. They are finding that their jobs are stable because of their valuable experience.
c. They are encouraged to mentor and train younger colleagues who lack real-world experience.
d. They are being valued and rewarded for their efforts, but not necessarily through financial
rewards.
Answer: a
Page: 148
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
47. What percent of women over age 65 live alone?

a. 31%
b. 40%
c. 43%
d. 52%
Answer: b
Page: 148
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
48. Who argued that a group’s shared historical experiences shape its general attitudes and
behaviors?
a. Karl Mannheim
b. Phillip Aries
c. Erving Goffman
d. Melvin Kohn
Answer: a
Page: 148
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
49. At which age does living in elder housing become more likely for older Americans?
a. age 60 and older
b. age 70 and older
c. age 75 and older
d. age 85 and older
Answer: d
Page: 148
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
50. As our society ages, a number of older adults are living longer, they are healthy and taking
better care of themselves, and still want to remain in the workforce. Many Americans own their
own home. They are able to care for themselves and would prefer to not live in senior housing or
any type of assisted living situation. They don’t want to have to rely too much on their adult
children either as they know that they are busy with work and their families. When examining
these trends, what emerges as a preference for many older adults?
a. to “age in place”
b. to disengage from the workforce
c. to cohabit with a life partner
d. to move into “transitional aging”
Answer: a
Page: 148
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
51. In China, parents are not expected to work after the age of 65. They may live with their
children, who often financially support them in their older years. If an older parent is working, it
is viewed as a disgrace to the family. In the United States, parents often work as long as they are
able or need to in order to financially support themselves. When they grow older and are unable
to live alone, they rarely live with their adult children. What would explain the difference in how
the older parent is viewed in China compared to the United States?
a. In democratic societies there is more guilt about needing to care for the older adult.
b. Cultural patterns vary in how older adults are viewed.
c. Citizens in richer countries are more able to care for older adults.
d. Less-developed countries encourage more independence among older adults.
Answer: b
Page: 148
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
52. What might people who were born in the later twentieth century consider themselves to be?
a. the Internet generation
b. the “me” generation
b. the consumer generation
d. the 9/11 generation
Answer: d
Page: 148
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
53. Which of the following is true regarding the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer Volunteers?
a. They were socially isolated.
b. Many later regretted the experience.
c. They remained politically active.
d. Many dropped out after the first week.
Answer: c
Page: 149
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
54. When biology is thought to influence human behavior this is known as

a. nature.
b. nurture.
c. socialization.
d. culture.
Answer: a
Page: 149
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
Topic: Culture and Biology: Setting the Stage for Social Life
55. Which position sometimes attributes the social class differences that can be found in society
to innate, biological differences?
a. social determinism
b. social Darwinism
c. biological determinism
d. environmental determinism
Answer: c
Page: 149
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
56. Which position would argue that the gender-based wage gap is a result of the social systems
that are in play?
a. social justice
b. natural selection
c. biological determinism
d. social determinism
Answer: d
Page: 149
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
57. How do genes and the social environment relate to one another?
a. Genes may exist for a certain trait but how that trait is expressed depends on the social
environment.
b. They are completely unrelated to one another.
c. Genes have a much stronger role in determining actions than the social environment does.
d. The social environment is completely responsible for behaviors such as being “outgoing”;
genes play no role.
Answer: a
Page: 150
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
58. Which of the following BEST describes the impact of genes on behavior?
a. The social environment can trigger genes and associative behavior, but cannot limit the impact
of genes.
b. Genes represent the potential for traits but do not determine the expression of those traits.
c. Genes, in general, are more important predictors of behavior than environment.
d. None of the answers is correct.
Answer: b
Page: 150
Type: Basic
Level: Knowledge
59. What was the eventual outcome for Isabelle, a child who lived in almost total isolation for
the first six-and-one-half years of her life, in the 1930’s?
a. She was never able to overcome the effects of the isolation.
b. She was able to reach the intellectual level of a seven-year-old.
c. She was able to reach an intellectual level that was normal for her age.
d. She was able to speak but had difficulty walking and running.
Answer: c
Page: 152
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
Topic: Culture, Power, and the Social Self
60. What does the work of Clyde Kluckhohn demonstrate?

a. biology plays a stronger role in socialization than the environment
b. the powerful effects of the social environment over biology
c. a person can easily learn new languages and norms regardless of where they have been raised
d. biology can be used to discriminate against some people
Answer: b
Page: 150; 152
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
61. What was the major finding from the research done in the early 1990s on children living in
Romanian orphanages?
a. They developed as well as other children because they received enough nourishment.
b. They developed emotional trauma because they moved from one orphanage to another.
c. They developed emotional trauma because they were often abused by their caregivers.
d. They had physical and cognitive trauma due to receiving little social stimulation.
Answer: d
Page: 152-53
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
62. Which of the following can be effects of a lack of early social stimulation?
a. decreased IQ scores
b. stunted growth
c. inability to form healthy social bonds
d. All of the answers are correct.
Answer: d
Page: 152-153
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
63. Which theorist developed the concept of the looking glass self?
a. Charles Horton Cooley
b. George Herbert Mead
c. Michel Foucault
d. Sherry Turkle
Answer: a
Page: 153
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
64. How does self-reflection emerge?

a. through the reflected self
b. through the looking glass self
c. through social interaction
d. through the generalized other
Answer: c
Page: 153
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
65. Which theoretical perspective does Charles Horton Cooley represent?
a. functionalist
b. symbolic interactionism
c. conflict
d. feminist
Answer: b
Page: 153
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
66. Which of the following is NOT part of the concept of the looking glass self?
a. our image as others see us
b. others making judgment or assessment of us
c. deciding how we view ourselves
d. experiencing a feeling based on our perceptions of others judgment of us
Answer: c
Page: 153
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
67. According to George Herbert Mead, what makes up the “self”?

a. the “I” and the “me”
b. the “I” and the “you”
c. the “me” and the “you”
d. the “we” and “them”
Answer: a
Page: 153
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
68. Susan is an outgoing woman. She is very confident and has a strong sense of self. She works
in a busy, competitive office in sales and marketing. Susan has many friends at work because she
has learned that she needs to balance her strong, outspoken personality with being tactful and
sensitive to others’ needs. There are times that one of her co-workers does or says something that
hurts Susan’s feelings during a department meeting. Rather than reacting and saying something
that may be rude, she waits and talks with her co-worker in private after the meeting. Why is
Susan choosing to respond this way?
a. She is afraid of being fired.
b. She is operating out of her sense of “me.”
c. She is operating out of her sense of “I.”
d. She is operating out of her id.
Answer: b
Page: 153
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
69. Julie is a very independent, spontaneous individual. According to Mead, this is an example of
which part of the self?
a. the "I” and the “me”
b. neither the “I” nor the “me”
c. the “I”
d. the “me”
Answer: c
Page: 153
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
Topic: Culture, Power, and he Social Self
70. Balancing the “I” and the “me” is

a. a biological component.
b. rarely necessary.
c. something that few people are able to do.
d. learned from social interaction with others.
Answer: d
Page: 153
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
71. Which of the following is NOT a stage of development proposed by Mead?

a. pre-play
b. generalized other
c. significant other
d. game
Answer: c
Page: 153-154
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
72. Brian is four years old. He loves to watch cartoons, especially those about superheroes. His
dad was also a big fan of watching cartoons when he was a child and has introduced Brian to
superheroes. Brian’s dad bought him a cape and a sword. He loves to put on his cape when he is
watching Superman. He will jump off the couch and pretend that he is saving the world. Which
of Mead’s stages of social development is Brian involved in?
a. play
b. game
c. generalized other
d. pre-play
Answer: a
Page: 153-154
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
73. Which stage of development, according to Mead, occurs when children are in the classroom
and are able to respect and listen to their teacher rather than doing whatever they would like to
do?
a. pre-play
b. generalized other
c. play
d. game
Answer: b
Page: 153-154
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
74. Approximately what percentage of what the brain does is automatic?

a. 35%
b. 59%
c. 83%
d. 97%
Answer: d
Page: 154
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
Topic: Culture, Power and the Social Self
75. What is the name of the brain cells that are fired when an action is performed?
a. positrons
b. neuroelectrons
c. mirror neurons
d. neurotransmitters
Answer: c
Page: 154
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
76. When juries are listening to testimony and trying to decide whether or not a defendant is
guilty they are using
a. selective perspectives.
b. “mind reading.”
c. intuition.
d. “mind mapping.”
Answer: b
Page: 154
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
77. What is the hormone that allows mothers to bond with their newborn infants?
a. oxytocin
b. oxycontin
c. dopamine
d. serotonin
Answer: a
Page: 155
Level: Basic
Type: Comprehension
78. The ability for the brain to restructure and reorganize itself is known as brain
a. conformity.
b. expansion.
c. plasticity.
d. elasticity.
Answer: c
Page: 155
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
79. Which theorist believes that power shapes our daily life and our sense of self?
a. Charles Horton Cooley
b. Michel Foucault
c. George Herbert Mead
d. Sherry Turkle
Answer: b
Page: 155
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
80. All of the following statements are true according to Michel Foucault EXCEPT
a. power lies within many social institutions.
b. the connection of knowledge and power produce regimes of power.
c. people in power evaluate others to fit them into a system of categorization.
d. power exists in a centralized manner.
Answer: d
Page:155
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
81. Which of the following would be considered a regime of power?

a. the education system
b. a grocery story
c. prisoners
d. the banking industry
Answer: a
Page: 155
Level: Basic
Type: Application
82. According to Michel Foucault, where do the effects of culture reside?

a. with our family and close friends
b. in our society
c. within each person
d. outside of ourselves
Answer: c
Page: 155
Level: Basic
Type: Comprehension
83. What did sociologist Sherry Turkle discover?

a. For some people, their computers have become an extension of who they are.
b. Video games have much more harmful effects than was previously thought.
c. Many people who are on Facebook are afraid to face reality.
d. Online gamers often construct their avatar using their own biological reality.
Answer: a
Page: 156
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
Topic: In Transition
84. Second Life is a popular online game in which adults have avatars to represent their online
persona. People can create the avatar to look any way they would like and they essentially live a
regular online life. A recent article in the newspaper told of a man who “met” a woman online
while playing Second Life. In the game they have a relationship with one another. Eventually, the
man decided to divorce his wife in real life and wanted to marry the woman he met online. He
proposed to her through his avatar even though in real life he had never met her and she accepted
his proposal. What observation can be made about this scenario?
a. Most online relationships are more satisfying than real life ones.
b. People with personality disorders tend to play online games.
c. The players’ second lives are seeping into their first lives.
d. Playing online games is a good way to begin a new relationship.
Answer: c
Page: 156-157
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
85. Which group is increasingly relying on the online world as a source of support?
a. children between the ages of 8-10 years old
b. teenagers
c. adults between the ages of 35-50 years old
d. senior citizens
Answer: d
Page: 156-157
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
True/False Questions
86. Socialization ends with adolescence.

Answer: False
Page: 137
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
Topic: Introduction
87. Socialization is a key to social stability.

Answer: True
Page: 137
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
88. The Boy Scouts is an agent of socialization.

Answer: True
Page: 140-141
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
89. Kindergarten is the first form of socialization outside of the family.

Answer: False
Page: 139
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
90. The influence of peer groups can only be seen in children and adolescents.
Answer: False
Page: 140-141
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
91. Religion is the socializing agent most explicitly focused on teaching values and beliefs.
Answer: True
Page: 141
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
92. As Mary ages and goes from one stage of the life course to another, this is primarily a
biological event.
Answer: False
Page: 142
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
93. Throughout time, people have experienced the stages in the life course in much the same
way.
Answer: False
Page: 142
Level: Basic
Type: Comprehension
94. Women in the mid to late twentieth century were more likely than men to marry before
starting their first job.
Answer: True
Page: 146
Level: Basic
Type: Comprehension
95. Most scholars believe in the biological determinism position.

Answer: False
Page: 149
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
96. A lack of early social stimulation can lead to biological problems later in life.
Answer: True
Page: 152
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
97. Based on the concept of the looking glass self, a child will feel a sense of pride when praised
by his or her parents.
Answer: True
Page: 153
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
98. The imitation stage is a stage of social development proposed by Mead.

Answer: False
Page:
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
99. Social interaction produces physical changes in the brain itself.

Answer: True
Page: 154
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
100. Martha teaches algebra to high school students. She relies primarily on the right side of her
brain to do this.
Answer: False
Page: 155
Level: Difficult
Type: Application

Experience Sociology 1st Edition Croteau Test Bank 1

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Experience Sociology 1st Edition Croteau Test Bank 1

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Experience Sociology 1st Edition by

Croteau Hoynes ISBN 0073193534

Test Bank - Chapter 6

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following statements accurately describes socialization?

2. Learning the ways of society is known as

12. Which agent of socialization is MOST focused on teaching cultural knowledge?

14. Today’s children and teenagers are referred to as

17. At which stage do peer groups often act as a surrogate family?

20. What function of graduate school is often unrecognized?

23. Which agent of socializing encourages the discussion of nonmaterial values?

25. Who coined the term total institutions?

29. The life course often brings with it

31. Kids often play dress-up or play school as a form of

47. What percent of women over age 65 live alone?

54. When biology is thought to influence human behavior this is known as

60. What does the work of Clyde Kluckhohn demonstrate?

64. How does self-reflection emerge?

65. Which theoretical perspective does Charles Horton Cooley represent?

67. According to George Herbert Mead, what makes up the “self”?

70. Balancing the “I” and the “me” is

71. Which of the following is NOT a stage of development proposed by Mead?

74. Approximately what percentage of what the brain does is automatic?

81. Which of the following would be considered a regime of power?

82. According to Michel Foucault, where do the effects of culture reside?

83. What did sociologist Sherry Turkle discover?

86. Socialization ends with adolescence.

87. Socialization is a key to social stability.

88. The Boy Scouts is an agent of socialization.

89. Kindergarten is the first form of socialization outside of the family.

95. Most scholars believe in the biological determinism position.

98. The imitation stage is a stage of social development proposed by Mead.

99. Social interaction produces physical changes in the brain itself.

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