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1. One fat replacer that has gained notoriety lately due to its undesirable side effects is
_______________.
olestra or
Olean
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3. _______________ fatty acids contain no double bonds and remain solid at room
temperature.
Saturated
4. Olive and canola oils contain a high percentage of ____________ fatty acids.
monounsaturated
5. A(n) ____________ fatty acid has a double bond at the third carbon from the methyl end.
omega-3 or
omega-three
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7. The process of _______________ removes double bonds from fatty acids, giving the fat a
more solid consistency.
hydrogenation
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9. During rest and light activities, fatty acids are the main fuel for _______________.
muscles or
muscle or
muscle cells
10. In the small intestine, the pancreas secretes ____________ to digest triglycerides.
pancreatic lipase or
lipase
11. Most lipids are transported in the blood as part of a structure called a(n)
_______________.
lipoprotein
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12. The American Heart Association recommends that we should consume no more than
_______________ milligrams of cholesterol per day.
300 or
three hundred
13. Of the macronutrients, ____________ is/are the most significant dietary factor(s)
associated with heart disease.
fat or
fats or
lipid or
lipids
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14. A meal providing 1,200 kilocalories contains 13 grams of saturated fat, 10 grams of
monounsaturated fat, and 27 grams of polyunsaturated fat. This meal provides ______% of
total kcal as fat.
37.5% or
38
15. Sometimes phospholipids are used in commercial salad dressings to suspend vegetable oil
in water. In this case, phospholipids are serving as _______________.
emulsifiers or
emulsifier
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22. Which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond?
A. Saturated
B. Hydrogenated
C. Monounsaturated
D. Polyunsaturated
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24. Which of the following would you buy if you wanted the highest polyunsaturated fatty
acid content?
A. Stick margarine made with canola oil
B. Semisolid shortening made with olive oil
C. Soft margarine in a tub, made from corn oil
D. Liquid, squeezable margarine, made from safflower oil
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27. The three-carbon structure to which fatty acids are attached in triglycerides is called
A. glycerol.
B. glucose.
C. lipoprotein.
D. sterol.
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31. Gram for gram, which of the following contains the most cholesterol?
A. Liver
B. Shrimp
C. Lard
D. Ice cream
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35. Which of the following would be a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
A. Beef
B. Chicken
C. Olive oil
D. Safflower oil
36. If a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids, it is likely to be ________ at room
temperature.
A. liquid
B. solid
C. rancid
D. soft
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37. Which of the following is not a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
A. Corn oil
B. Soybean oil
C. Palm oil
D. Safflower oil
39. Olive oil contains abundant amounts of which type of fatty acid?
A. Saturated
B. Monounsaturated
C. Polyunsaturated
D. Partially hydrogenated
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40. Triglycerides in food are said to have satiety value primarily because
A. they are high in kilocalories.
B. they are readily stored in adipose tissue.
C. they provide bulk in foods.
D. they require bile to be digested.
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43. Which of the following contains the greatest percentage of calories from fat (in a typical
serving size)?
A. T-Bone steak
B. Margarine
C. Whole milk
D. M&M candies
44. Timothy wants to avoid eating too much hydrogenated fat. All of the following are
appropriate ways except
A. using little or no stick margarine.
B. using tub margarines and vegetable oils.
C. avoiding consumption of deep fried foods at quick-service restaurants.
D. eating packaged cookies and desserts made with vegetable shortening.
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45. Which of the following is true about the fate of fatty acids after their absorption?
A. Fatty acids of 16 or more carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the portal vein.
B. Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the lymphatic system packaged in chylomicrons.
C. Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the portal vein.
D. Fatty acids of 16 or more carbons enter the lymphatic system directly and then enter the
blood via the aorta.
46. When triglycerides are digested, before being absorbed, they are converted to a mixture
of
A. diglycerides and fatty acids.
B. monoglycerides and diglycerides.
C. monoglycerides and fatty acids.
D. glycerol and fatty acids.
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48. ______ are synthesized by the liver to transport fat to the rest of the body.
A. Chylomicrons
B. Low-density lipoproteins
C. Very-low-density lipoproteins
D. High-density lipoproteins
49. After chylomicrons leave the intestinal cells, they are transported via what system?
A. Vascular
B. Lymphatic
C. Capillary
D. Venous
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51. After absorption, long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides inside intestinal cells are
A. converted to proteins.
B. converted to glucose.
C. reformed into triglycerides.
D. converted to cholesterol.
52. Which lipoprotein is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other
sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion?
A. Chylomicron
B. Low-density lipoprotein
C. Very-low-density lipoprotein
D. High-density lipoprotein
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54. Once the chylomicrons arrive at their destination via the bloodstream, the triglycerides in
the chylomicrons are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by an enzyme associated with
the blood vessel called ___________ lipase.
A. lipoprotein
B. pancreatic
C. lingual
D. lecithin
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56. To be transported throughout the body, fats are packaged in structures called
A. triglycerides.
B. phospholipids.
C. lipoproteins.
D. micelles.
57. Immediately after a meal, newly absorbed dietary fats appear in the blood as
A. high density lipoproteins.
B. low density lipoproteins.
C. chylomicrons.
D. cholesterol.
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58. Which of the following is true about trans fatty acids found in hydrogenated fats?
A. When consumed, they can decrease blood clotting.
B. When consumed, they can raise serum LDL cholesterol.
C. When consumed, they can lower serum LDL cholesterol.
D. When consumed, they have no effect on serum cholesterol.
59. An essential omega-3 fatty acid with 18 carbons and 3 double bonds is called
A. linoleic acid.
B. diglyceride.
C. alpha-linoleic acid.
D. cholesterol.
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61. Which of the following contains a rich supply of omega-3 fatty acids?
A. Broccoli
B. Sirloin
C. Salmon
D. Chicken breast
62. Name an omega-3 fatty acid with 20 carbons and 5 double bonds, found in fatty fish and
synthesized from alpha-linolenic acid.
A. Arachidonic acid (AA)
B. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)
C. Linoleic acid (LA)
D. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
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63. Studies of Greenland Eskimos, among others, have demonstrated a relationship between
the consumption of fish and the risk for heart disease. What is the most likely mechanism for
the reduction of heart disease risk when fish is consumed?
A. The protein in fish lowers the blood cholesterol.
B. Fish is low in cholesterol.
C. Fish supplies fatty acids that decrease blood clotting.
D. The carbohydrate in fish lowers blood cholesterol.
64. One of the richest plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, and also a
good source of plant sterols is
A. cranberries.
B. walnuts.
C. tomatoes.
D. avocados.
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65. The safest way to get measurable heart disease risk-reducing benefits from consuming
omega-3 fatty acids, would be to
A. consume fish oil capsules daily.
B. eat 3 to 5 servings of vegetables daily.
C. take cod liver oil 3 times a week.
D. eat oily fish, such as salmon, 2 times a week.
66. The body energy that can be stored in almost unlimited amounts is
A. glycogen.
B. triglyceride.
C. protein.
D. glucose.
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70. All of the following describe the characteristics of fat cells except
A. the number of fat cells decreases when fat is lost from the body.
B. the storage capacity for fat depends on both fat cell number and fat cell size.
C. the number increases when storage capacity has reached its limit.
D. the body's ability to store fat is limitless.
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72. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend getting no more than ______ percent
of your total kilocalories from fat.
A. 20
B. 25
C. 30
D. 35
73. Which of the following breakfasts has the highest fat content?
A. 2 slices whole wheat toast, 2 tbsp. jelly, 1/2 cup orange juice, 1 cup skim milk
B. 2 cups cornflakes, 1 cup skim milk, 1/2 grapefruit
C. 1 granola bar, 1 orange, 1 cup low-fat milk
D. 3 pancakes, 6 tbsp. syrup, 1 cup skim milk
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75. According to the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, what is the upper limit of fat, in
grams, that should be consumed by a healthy person requiring 2,000 kilocalories per day?
A. 44
B. 78
C. 30
D. 93
76. The major dietary factor to be concerned about in relation to heart disease is
A. cholesterol.
B. protein.
C. total fat.
D. saturated fat.
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77. A desirable total serum cholesterol level is less than ____ milligrams per deciliter.
A. 100
B. 200
C. 300
D. 400
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80. Which of the following is true about the use of medications that lower blood cholesterol
levels?
A. They often are helpful for persons who have had a heart attack or have cardiovascular
disease or diabetes.
B. They should be used by anyone with a high blood cholesterol level.
C. They have few side effects.
D. When one takes these, dietary changes are not necessary.
81. Cardiovascular disease risk factors include all of the following except
A. total blood cholesterol > 200 mg/dl.
B. hypertension.
C. HDL cholesterol > 40 mg/dl.
D. blood triglycerides > 200 mg/dl.
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Matching Questions
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