Introductory Statistics 10th Edition Weiss Test Bank

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Determine the possible values of the random variable.
1) Suppose a coin is tossed four times. Let X denote the total number of tails obtained in the 1)
four
tosses. What are the possible values of the random variable X?
A) HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH, HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT,
THTH,
THTT, TTHH, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

2) Suppose that two balanced dice are rolled. Let X denote the absolute value of the difference of 2)
the
two numbers. What are the possible values of the random variable
X?
A) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C) -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 D) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

3) Suppose that two balanced dice are rolled. Let Y denote the product of the two numbers. What 3)
are
the possible values of the random variable
Y?
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 30, 36
B) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 30, 36
C) (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3,
3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5),
(5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
D) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 30

4) Suppose that two balanced dice, a red die and a green die, are rolled. Let Y denote the 4)
value of
G - R where G represents the number on the green die and R represents the number on the
red die. What are the possible values of the random variable Y?
A) -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 B) -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 D) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

5) For a randomly selected student in a particular high school, let Y denote the number of 5)
living
grandparents of the student. What are the possible values of the random variable
Y?
A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 C) 0, 1, 2 D)
4

6) The following table displays a frequency distribution for the number of siblings for students in m
one id
dl
1
e school. For a randomly selected student in the school, let X denote the number of siblings of 6)
the student. What are the possible values of the random variable X?

Number of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
siblings Frequency 189 245 102 42 24 13 5
2 24, 13, 5, 2
A) 189, 245, 102, 42, B) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
C) 7 D) Brother, sister

2
 7) The following frequency distribution analyzes the scores on a math test. For a randomly 7)
selected score between 40 and 99, let Y denote the number of students with that score on the
test. What are the possible values of the random variable Y?

A) 32 B) 2, 4, 6, 15, 5 C) 2, 4, 6, 5 D) 2, 4, 6, 15

8) The following frequency distribution lists the annual household incomes (in thousands of 8)
dollars)
of one neighborhood in a large city. For a randomly selected income between $200,000 and
$700,000, let Y denote the number of households with that income. What are the possible
values of
the random variable Y?

Incomes Frequency
200-300 66
301-400 58
401-500 87
501-600 71
601-700 16
A) 66, 58, 87, 71 B) 66, 58, 87, 71 , 16
C) 298 D) 16
Use random-variable notation to represent the event.
9) Suppose a coin is tossed four times. Let X denote the total number of tails obtained in the 9)
four
tosses. Use random-variable notation to represent the event that the total number of tails is
three.
A) P{X = 3} B) {X = 3}
C) HTTT, THTT, TTHT, TTTH D) {X ≥ 3}

10) Suppose that two balanced dice are rolled. Let X denote the absolute value of the difference of 10)
the
two numbers. Use random-variable notation to represent the event that the absolute value of
the difference of the two numbers is 2.
A) {X = 2}
B) X = 2
C) {(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (3, 1), (4, 2), (5, 3), (6, 4)}
D) P{X = 2}

11) Suppose that two balanced dice are rolled. Let Y denote the product of the two numbers. 11)
Use
random-variable notation to represent the event that the product of the two numbers is
greater than 4.
A) {Y > 4} B) {XY > 4} C) P{Y > 4} D) {5,
6}

12) Suppose that two balanced dice are rolled. Let Y denote the sum of the two numbers. Use
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random-variable notation to represent the event that the sum of the two numbers is at least 12)
11.
A) {Y > 11} B) {X+Y ≥ 11}
C) (5, 6), (6, 5), (6,6) D) {Y ≥ 11}

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13) Suppose that two balanced dice are rolled. Let Y denote the sum of the two numbers. Use 13)
random-variable notation to represent the event that the sum of the two numbers is at least 3
but less than 5.
A) (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2) B) {3 ≤ Y <
5} C) {3 ≤ X+Y < 5} D) {3 < Y
< 5}

14) Suppose that two balanced dice are rolled. Let X denote the sum of the two numbers. Use 14)
random-variable notation to represent the event that the sum of the two numbers is less
than 4.
A) {X ≤ 4} B) (1, 1), (1, 2), (2,
1) C) {X < 4} D) {X+Y < 4}

15) For a randomly selected student in a particular high school, let Y denote the number of living 15)
grandparents of the student. Use random-variable notation to represent the event that the
student obtained has exactly three living grandparents.
A) P{Y = 3} B) {Y ≥ 3} C) {Y = 3} D) {Y < 3}

16) For a randomly selected student in a particular high school, let Y denote the number of living 16)
grandparents of the student. Use random- variable notation to represent the event that the
student
obtained has at least two living grandparents.
A) {Y ≥ 2} B) {Y > 2} C) P{Y ≥ 2} D) {2, 3, 4}

17) The following table displays a frequency distribution for the number of siblings for students in 17)
one
middle school. For a randomly selected student in the school, let X denote the number of
siblings of the student.

Number of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
siblings Frequency 189 245 102 42 24 13 5
2
Use random-variable notation to represent the event that the student obtained has fewer than
two siblings.
A) {X < 2} B) {0, 1} C) {X ≤ 2} D) P{X < 2}
18) The following table displays a frequency distribution for the number of siblings for students in 18)
one
middle school. For a randomly selected student in the school, let Y denote the number of
siblings of
the student.

Number of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
siblings Frequency 189 245 102 42 24 13 5 2

Use random-variable notation to represent the event that the student obtained has at least two
but fewer than six siblings.
A) {2 < Y < 6} B) {2, 3, 4, 5} C) {2 ≤ Y ≤ 6} D) {2 ≤ Y < 6}

5
Obtain the probability distribution of the random variable.
19) When a coin is tossed four times, sixteen equally likely outcomes are possible as shown 19)
below:

HHHH HHHT HHTH HHTT

HTHH HTHT HTTH HTTT
THHH THHT THTH THTT
TTHH TTHT TTTH TTTT

Let X denote the total number of tails obtained in the four tosses. Find the probability distribution o
the random variable X. Leave your probabilities in fraction form.
A) B) C) D)
x P(X = x) x P(X = x) x P(X = x) x P(X = x)
0 1/16 1 1/4 0 1/16 0 1/16
1 1/4 2 7/16 1 1/8 1 3/16
2 3/8 3 1/4 2 3/8 2 1/2
3 1/4 4 1/16 3 1/8 3 3/16
4 1/16 4 1/16 4 1/16

20) When two balanced dice are rolled, 36 equally likely outcomes are possible as shown below. 20)

(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)

(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)

Let X denote the absolute value of the difference of the two numbers. Find the
probability distribution of X. Give the probabilities as decimals rounded to three
decimal places.
x P(X = x)
A) B) C) D)
x P(X = x) 0 0.167 x P(X = x) x P(X = x)
1 0.251
0 0.167 1 0.278 0 0.167
2 0.222
1 0.278 2 0.222 1 0.167
3 0.167
2 0.222 3 0.167 2 0.167
4 0.111
3 0.167 4 0.111 3 0.167
5 0.056
4 0.111 5 0.056 4 0.167
6 0.027
5 0.056 5 0.167

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21) When two balanced dice are rolled, 36 equally likely outcomes are possible as shown 21)
below.
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1,
6)
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2,
6)
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3,
6)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4,
6)
Let X denote the smaller of the two numbers. If both dice come up the same number, then X equals
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5,
that common value. Find the probability distribution of X. Leave your probabilities in fraction
6) (6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5)
form.
(6, 6)
A) B) C) D)
x P(X = x) x P(X = x) x P(X = x) x P(X = x)
1 5/18 1 11/36 1 5/18 1 1/6
2 2/9 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 1/6
3 1/6 3 7/36 3 7/36 3 1/6
4 1/9 4 5/36 4 5/36 4 1/6
5 1/18 5 1/12 5 1/9 5 1/6
6 0 6 1/36 6 1/36 6 1/6

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22) When two balanced dice are rolled, 36 equally likely outcomes are possible as shown 22)
below.
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1,
6)
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2,
6)
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3,
6)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4,
6)
Let X denote the product of the two numbers. Find the probability distribution of X. Leave your
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5,
probabilities in fraction form.
6) (6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5)
A) B)
(6, 6)
x P(X = x) x P(X = x) x P(X = x)
x P(X = x)
10 1/12 1 1/36 12 1/9
2 1/18
12 1/9 2 1/18 15 1/18
3 1/18
15 1/12 3 1/18 16 1/36
4 1/12
18 1/12 4 1/12 18 1/18
5 1/18
20 1/12 5 1/18 20 1/18
6 1/9
24 1/12 6 1/9 24 1/18
8 1/18
30 1/18 8 1/18 25 1/36
9 1/36 30 1/18
10 1/18 36 1/36
C) D)
x P(X = x) x P(X = x) x P(X = x)
x P(X = x)
1 1/18 12 1/18 7 1/6
2 1/18 15 2 1/36
1/18 8 5/36
3 1/18 16 3 1/18
1/18 9 1/9
4 1/18 18 4 1/12
1/18 10 1/12
5 1/18 20 5 1/9
1/18 11 1/18
6 1/18 24 6 5/36
1/18 12 1/36
8 1/18 25 1/18
9 1/18 30 1/18
10 1/18 36 1/18

8
23) The following table displays a frequency distribution for the number of living grandparents for 23)
students at a high school. For a randomly selected student in the school, let X denote the
number of living grandparents of the student. Obtain the probability distribution of X.

Number of living 0 1 2 3 4
grandparents Frequency 34 77 141 218
A) 155 B)
Grandparent Probability Grandparent Probability
s P(X = x) s P(X = x)
x
0 0.054 x
0 0.062
1 0.123 1 0.139
2 0.226 2 0.226
3 0.349 3 0.333
4 0.248 4 0.240
C) D)
Grandparent Probability Grandparent Probability
s P(X = x) s P(X = x)
x
0 0.2 x
1 0.130
1 0.2 2 0.239
2 0.2 3 0.369
3 0.2 4 0.262
4 0.2

24) The following table displays a frequency distribution for the number of siblings for students at 24)
one
middle school. For a randomly selected student in the school, let X denote the number of
siblings of
the student. Obtain the probability distribution of X.

Number of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
siblings Frequency 182 243 124 53 25 9 7
A) 1 B)
Sibling Probability Siblings Probability
s P(X = x) x P(X = x)
x
0 0.125 1 0.526
1 0.125 2 0.268
2 0.125 3 0.115
3 0.125 4 0.054
4 0.125 5 0.019
5 0.125 6 0.015
6 0.125 7 0.002
7 0.125
C) D)
Sibling Probability Siblings Probability
s P(X = x) x P(X = x)
x
0 0.298 0 0.283
1 0.362 1 0.377
2 0.205 2 0.193
3 0.070 3 0.082
4 0.039 4 0.039
5 0.014 5 0.014
6 0.011 6 0.011
7 0.002
9
7 0.002

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25) The following frequency table contains data on home sale prices in the city of Summerhill for 25)
the month of June. For a randomly selected sale price between $80,000 and $265,900 let X
denote the number of homes that sold for that price. Find the probability distribution of X.

Sale Price (in Frequency

thousands) (No. of homes
80.0 - 110.9 sold)
2
111.0 - 141.9 5
142.0 - 172.9 7
173.0 - 203.9 10
204.0 - 234.9 3
235.0 - 265.9 1
A) B)
Sale Price (in Probability Sale Price (in Probability
thousands) (P(X = x) thousands) (P(X = x)
80.0 - 110.9 0.071 80.0 - 110.9 0.071
111.0 - 141.9 0.197 111.0 - 141.9 0.179
142.0 - 172.9 0.250 142.0 - 172.9 0.250
173.0 - 203.9 0.357 173.0 - 203.9 0.357
204.0 - 234.9 0.107 204.0 - 234.9 0.107
235.0 - 265.9 0.036 235.0 - 265.9 0.036
C) D)
Sale Price (in Probability Sale Price (in Probability
thousands) (P(X = x) thousands) (P(X = x)
80.0 - 110.9 0.071 80.0 - 110.9 0.071
111.0 - 141.9 0.179 111.0 - 141.9 0.179
142.0 - 172.9 0.025 142.0 - 172.9 0.250
173.0 - 203.9 0.357 173.0 - 203.9 0.357
204.0 - 234.9 0.107 204.0 - 234.9 0.107
235.0 - 265.9 0.036 235.0 - 265.9 0.360

8
Construct the requested histogram.
26) If a fair coin is tossed 4 times, there are 16 possible sequences of heads (H) and tails (T). 26)
Suppose th
random variable X represents the number of heads in a sequence. Construct the probability
distribution for X.

A) B)

C) D)

9
 27) Each person from a group of recently graduated math majors revealed the number of job 27)
offers tha he or she had received prior to graduation. The compiled data are represented in the
table. Construct the probability histogram for the number of job offers received by a graduate
randomly selected from this group.

Number of 0 1 2 3 4
offers
Frequency 4 10 25 5 6

A) B)

C) D)

Find the specified probability.

28) A statistics professor has office hours from 9:00 am to 10:00 am each day. The number of 28)
students
waiting to see the professor is a random variable, X, with the distribution shown in the
table.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(X = x) 0.05 0.10 0.40 0.25 0.15 0.05

The professor gives each student 10 minutes. Determine the probability that a student arriving just
after 9:00 am will have to wait no longer than 10 minutes to see the professor.
A) 0.15 B) 0.10 C) 0.55 D) 0.05
29) A statistics professor has office hours from 9:00 am to 10:00 am each day. The number of 29)
students
waiting to see the professor is a random variable, X, with the distribution shown in the
table.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(X = x) 0.05 0.10 0.40 0.25 0.15 0.05

10
The professor gives each student 10 minutes. Determine the probability that a student arriving just
after 9:00 am will have to wait at least 20 minutes to see the professor.
A) 0.45 B) 0.25 C) 0.40 D) 0.85

11
 30) The number of loaves of rye bread left on the shelf of a local bakery at closing (denoted by the 30)
random variable X) varies from day to day. Past records show that the probability distribution
of X is as shown in the following table. Find the probability that there will be at least three
loaves left over at the end of any given day.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P(X = x) 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.02

A) 0.15 B) 0.35 C) 0.20 D) 0.65

31) There are only 8 chairs in our whole house. Whenever there is a party some people have no 31)
where
to sit. The number of people at our parties (call it the random variable X) changes with each
party.
Past records show that the probability distribution of X is as shown in the following table. Find
the probability that everyone will have a place to sit at our next party.

x 5 6 7 8 9 10 >10
P(X = x) 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.30
A) 0.55 B) 0.15 C) 0.45 D) 0.05

32) Use the special addition rule and the following probability distribution to determine P(X 32)
≥ 8).
x 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

P(X = x) 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.30

A) 0.70 B) 0.45 C) 0.15 D) 0.30

33) Use the special addition rule and the following probability distribution to determine P(X 33)
= 6).
x 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

P(X = x) 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.30

A) 0.90 B) 0.05 C) 0.95 D) 0.10

34) Use the special addition rule and the following probability distribution to determine P(6 < X 34)
≤ 8).
x 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

P(X = x) 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.30

A) 0.45 B) 0.35 C) 0.40 D) 1.00

Calculate the specified probability

35) Suppose that W is a random variable. Given that P(W ≤ 3) = 0.625, find P(W > 3). 35)
A) 0 B) 0.375 C) 3 D)
0.625

36) Suppose that D is a random variable. Given that P(D > 2.4) = 0.35, find P(D ≤ 2.4). 36)
A) 0 B) 0.325 C) 0.65 D)
0.35

37) Suppose that K is a random variable. Given that P(-2.2 ≤ K ≤ 2.2) = 0.725, and that P(K < - A
2.2) = )
P(K > 2.2), find P(K > 2.2). 0
11
 .275 B) 0.725 C) 1.1 D) 0.1375 37)

38) Suppose that T is a random variable. Given that P(2.05 ≤ T ≤ 2.05) = 0.575, and that P(K < 38)
2.05) =
P(K > 2.05), find P(K < -2.05).
A) 1.025 B) 0.575 C) 0.425 D)
0.2125

39) Suppose that A is a random variable. Also suppose that P(T > a) = P(T < -a) = x, and that P(0 < 39)
T≤
a ) = y. Find P(-a ≤ T ≤ 0) in terms of x and y.
A) 1 - y B) y C) 1 - 2x - y D) 1 - (2x -
y)

12
Provide an appropriate response.
40) True or false? For any discrete random variable, the possible values of the random variable 40)
form a
finite set of numbers.
A) True B) False

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
41) Give an example of a discrete random variable whose possible values form a 41)
countable
infinite set of numbers.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
42) A die is rolled repeatedly until a six appears. The random variable X represents the total 42)
number of
rolls preceding the six. What are the possible values of the random variable X?
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, ..... B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 C) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 D) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
.....

43) Which of the random variables described below is/are discrete random variables? 43)

The random variable X represents the number of heads when a coin is flipped 20 times.

The random variable Y represents the number of calls received by a car tow service in a

year. The random variable Z represents the weight of a randomly selected student.
A) Y only B) X only C) X, Y, and Z D) X and Y

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

44) Explain in your own words the meaning of the term "probability distribution". 44)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
45) The random variable X represents the number of siblings of a student selected randomly 45)
from a
particular college. Use random variable notation to express the following statement in
shorthand.

The probability that the student has two siblings is 0.18.

A) P(2) = 0.18 B) P(X) = 0.18 C) P(X = 2) = 0.18 D) (X = 2) =
0.18

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
46) Explain how you would construct a probability histogram of a discrete random 46)
variable
given its probability distribution.

47) A coin is biased. Danny wishes to determine the probability of obtaining heads probabilit
when y of
flipping this coin. He flips the coin 10 times and obtains 8 heads. He concludes that obtaining
the heads
12
when flipping this coin is 0.8. Is his thinking reasonable? 47)
Why or why not?

13
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Find the mean of the random variable.
48) The random variable X is the number of houses sold by a realtor in a single month at the 48)
Sendsom's Real Estate office. Its probability distribution is given in the table. Round the answer
to two decimal places when necessary.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(X = x) 0.24 0.01 0.12 0.16 0.01 0.14 0.11
A) 3.4 0.21 B) 3.5 C) 3.6 D) 3.35
49) The random variable X is the number of golf balls ordered by customers at a pro shop. 49)
Its
probability distribution is given in the table. Round the answer to two decimal places
when
necessary.

x 3 6 9 12 15
P(X = x) 0.14 0.21 0.36 0.19 0.10
A) 6.03 B) 8.82 C) 8.7 D) 9
50) The random variable X is the number of people who have a college degree in a randomly 50)
selected
group of four adults from a particular town. Its probability distribution is given in the table.
Round
the answer to two decimal places.

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 0.4096 0.4096 0.1536 0.0256
A) 0.80 0.0016 B) 1.21 C) 0.70 D) 2.00
51) The random variable X is the number that shows up when a loaded die is rolled. Its 51)
probability
distribution is given in the table. Round the answer to two decimal places.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X = x) 0.15 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.29
A) 3.50 B) 3.88 C) 3.75 D) 0.17
52) The random variable X is the number of siblings of a student selected at random from a 52)
particular
secondary school. Its probability distribution is given in the table. Round the answer to three
decimal places when necessary.

x0 1 2 3 4 5
13 1 1 7 1 1
P(X = x)
48 3 6 48 24 24
A) 1.375 B) 1.75 C) 2.5 D) 1.479
Find the standard deviation of the random variable.
53) The random variable X is the number of houses sold by a realtor in a single month at the 53)
Sendsom's
Real Estate office. Its probability distribution is given in the table. Round the answer to two
decimal
places.

Houses Sold 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(x)
Probability 0.24 0.01 0.12 0.16 0.01 0.14 0.11
P(x) 0.21

13
A) 6.86 B) 4.45 C) 2.62 D) 2.25

14
 54) The random variable X is the number of people who have a college degree in a randomly selected 54)
group of four adults from a particular town. Its probability distribution is given in the table.
Round the answer to two decimal places.

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 0.4096 0.4096 0.1536 0.0256
A) 0.94 0.0016 B) 0.80 C) 1.13 D) 0.64
55) The probabilities that a batch of 4 computers will contain 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 defective computers 55)
are
0.4521, 0.3970, 0.1307, 0.0191, and 0.0010, respectively. Round the answer to two decimal
places.
A) 0.77 B) 0.71 C) 1.05 D) 0.59

56) A police department reports that the probabilities that 0, 1, 2, and 3 burglaries will be reported 56)
in a
given day are 0.47, 0.37, 0.15, and 0.01, respectively. Find the standard deviation for the
probability
distribution. Round the answer to two decimal places.
A) 1.03 B) 0.75 C) 1.02 D) 0.57

57) The random variable X is the number of siblings of a student selected at random from a 57)
particular
secondary school. Its probability distribution is given in the table. Round the answer to three
decimal places when necessary.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
13 1 1 1 1 1
P(X = x)
48 3 6 8 16 24
A) 1.661 B) 0.997 C) 1.994 D) 1.384

The probability distribution of a random variable is given along with its mean and standard deviation. Draw a
probability histogram for the random variable; locate the mean and show one, two, and three standard deviation
intervals.
x 4 5 6 7 8
58) 58)
P(X = x) 0.1 0.3 0.45 0.1
0.05

μ = 5.7, σ = 0.95
A)

14
 B)

C)

59) The random variable X is the number of tails when four coins are flipped. Its 59)
probability
distribution is as follows.

x 0 1 2 3 4
1 1 3 1 1
P(X = x)
16 4 8 4 16

μ = 2, σ = 1
A)

15
 B)

C)

Find the expected value of the random variable. Round to the nearest cent unless stated otherwise.
60) In a game, you have a 1/37 probability of winning $69 and a 36/37 probability of losing $2. 60)
What is
your expected value?
A) $1.86 B) -$1.95 C) -$0.08 D) $3.81

61) A contractor is considering a sale that promises a profit of $33,000 with a probability of 0.7 or a 61)
loss
(due to bad weather, strikes, and such) of $6000 with a probability of 0.3. What is the
expected
profit? Round the answer to the nearest dollar.
A) $21,300 B) $27,000 C) $23,100 D)
$27,300

62) Suppose you pay $3.00 to roll a fair die with the understanding that you will get back $5.00 62)
for
rolling a 6 or a 4, nothing otherwise. What is your expected value?
A) $5.00 B) -$1.33 C) $3.00 D) -
$3.00

63) Suppose you buy 1 ticket for $1 out of a lottery of 1,000 tickets where the prize for the one 63)
winning
ticket is to be $500. What is your expected value?
A) -$1.00 B) -$0.40 C) -$0.50 D) $0.00

16
 64) Sue Anne owns a medium-sized business. Use the probability distribution below, 64)
where X
describes the number of employees who call in sick on a given day.

Number of Employees Sick 0 1 2 3 4

P(X = x) 0.1 0.35 0.25 0.25 0.05

What is the expected value of the number of employees calling in sick on any given day? Round
the answer to two decimal places.
A) 1.90 B) 1.80 C) 1.00 D) 2.00
65) The probability distribution below describes the number of thunderstorms that a certain town 65)
may
experience during the month of August. Let X represent the number of thunderstorms in
August.

Number of 0 1 2 3
storms
P(X = x) 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2

What is the expected value of thunderstorms for the town each August? Round the answer to one
decimal place.
A) 2.0 B) 1.8 C) 1.6 D) 1.5

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
66) A game is said to be "fair" if the expected value for winnings is 0, that is, in the long 66)
run,
the player can expect to win 0. Consider the following game. The game costs $1 to
play
and the payoffs are $5 for red, $3 for blue, $2 for yellow, and nothing for white. The
following probabilities apply. What are your expected winnings? Does the game favor
the
player or the owner?

Outcome Probability
Red .02
Blue .04
Yellow .16
White .78

67) Suppose a mathematician computed the expected value of winnings for a person 67)
playing
each of seven different games in a casino. What would you expect to be true for all
expected values for these seven games?

68) For a particular game at a casino, let the random variable X represent the winnings 68)
(payoff
minus bet) for one play of the game. The expected value of the random variable X is
-$0.87. How would you interpret this statement?

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

17
69) Let the random variable X represent the winnings at one play of a particular game. The 69)
expected
value of X is known to be -$0.32. True or false, this means that in the long run, the average
amount lost by the player per play of the game will be 32 cents?
A) True B) False

18
 70) Let the random variable X represent the winnings at one play of a particular game. The 70)
expected value of X is known to be -$0.32. True or false, this means that on any given play of
the game, the most likely outcome is that the player will lose 32 cents?
A) True B) False

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
71) Let the random variable X represent the winnings at one play of a particular game. 71)
The
expected value of X is known to be -$0.32. Suppose a player plays the game five times
and calculates his average winnings. Will the average definitely be equal to -$0.32?
Now suppose the player plays the game 100 times and calculates his average
winnings. Will the average definitely be equal to -$0.32? Which average is likely to be
closer to -$0.32? Explain your answer with reference to the law of large numbers.

72) A person is trying to decide which of two possible mutual funds to invest his money 72)
in.
Let the random variable X represent the annual return for mutual fund A and let the
random variable Y represent the annual return for fund B. It is known that the mean,
μ, of
X is 10.3% and the standard deviation, σ, of X is 4.2%. It is also known that the mean,
μ, of
Y is 11.3% and the standard deviation, σ, of Y is 7.2%. Which fund do you think the
person would prefer if he is a short-term investor? Which fund do you think he
would prefer if he is a long-term investor? Explain your thinking.

73) Let the random variable X represent the winnings at one play of game A. The mean, 73)
μ, of
X is known to be -$0.42 and its standard deviation, σ, is $0.27. Let the random
variable Y represent the winnings at one play of game B. The mean, μ, of Y is known
to be -$0.42 and its standard deviation, σ, is $0.20. You have decided to play one of
these two games just once. At which game are you more likely to make a profit (i.e.,
to not lose money)? Explain your thinking.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Evaluate the expression.
74) 9! 74)
A) 362,880 B) 362,889 C) 362,871 D)
40,320

12!
75) 75)
3!
A) 36,000 B) 79,833,600 C) 4 D)
2!

12
76) 76)
4
A) 3 B) 40,320 C) 2970 D)
495

9
77)
0
18
A) 1 77)
B) 9
C) 40,320
D) 8

19
78) 78)
1
A) 19 B) 1 C) 20 D)
18

19
 79) (16 - 7)! 79)
A) 40,320 B) 3,628,800 C) 9 D)
362,880

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Solve the problem.
80) A coin is biased so that the probability it will come up tails is 0.44. The coin is tossed 80)
three
times. Considering a success to be tails, formulate the process of observing the outcome
of the three tosses as a sequence of three Bernoulli trials. Complete the table below by
showin each possible outcome together with its probability. Display the probabilities to
three decimal places. List the outcomes in which exactly two of the three tosses are
tails. Without using the binomial probability formula, find the probability that exactly
two of the three tosses are tails.

Outcome Probability
hhh (0.56)(0.56)(0.56) =
0.176
81) 11% of the employees of a certain company cycle to work. Three employees are 81)
selected at
random from the company and asked whether or not they cycle to work. Considering
a
success to be "cycles to work", formulate the process of observing whether each of the
three employees cycles to work as a sequence of three Bernoulli trials. Complete the
table below by showing each possible outcome together with its probability. Display
the probabilities
to three decimal places. List the outcomes in which exactly one of the three
employees cycles to work. Without using the binomial probability formula, find the
probability that exactly one of the three employees cycles to work.

Outcome Probability
sss (0.11)(0.11)(0.11) =
0.001
82) 30% of the adult residents of a certain city own their own home. Four residents are 82)
selected
at random from the city and asked whether or not they own their own home.
Considering
a success to be "owns their own home", formulate the process of observing whether
each of the four residents owns their own home as a sequence of four Bernoulli trials.
Complete the table below by showing each possible outcome together with its
probability. Display the probabilities to three decimal places. List the outcomes in which
exactly two of the four residents own their own home. Without using the binomial
probability formula, find the probability that exactly two of the four residents own their
own home.

Outcome Probability
ssss (0.3)(0.3)(0.3)(0.3) =
0.008
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

19
Determine the binomial probability formula given the number of trials and the success probability for Bernoulli
trials. Let X denote the total number of successes. Round to three decimal places.
83) n = 5, p = 0.3, P(X = 3) 83)
A) 0.027 B) 0.172 C) 0.132 D)
0.198

1
84) n = 5, p = , P(X = 3) 84)
4
A) 0.088 B) 0.132 C) 0.016 D)
0.114

20
Find the specified probability distribution of the binomial random variable.
85) A multiple choice test consists of four questions. Each question has five possible answers of 85)
which
only one is correct. A student guesses on every question. Find the probability distribution of X,
the
number of questions she answers correctly. x P(X = x)
0 0.4096
A) B) x P(X = x) C) 1 0.4096 D)
x P(X = x) 1 0.4096 2 0.1536 x P(X = x)
0 0.4096 2 0.1536 3 0.0256 0 0
1 0.4096 3 0.0256 4 0.0016 1 0.2
2 0.1024 4 0.0016 2 0.04
3 0.0768 3 0.008
4 0.0016 4 0.0016

86) In one city, 23% of the population is under 25 years of age. Three people are selected at 86)
random
from the city. Find the probability distribution of X, the number among the three that are
under 25
years of age.

A) B)
x P(X = x) x P(X = x)
0 0.4565 1 0.23
1 0.1364 2 0.0529
2 0.0407 3 0.0122
3 0.0122
C) D)
x P(X = x) x P(X = x)
0 0.4565 0 0.4565
1 0.4091 1 0.4091
2 0.1102 2 0.1222
3 0.0242 3 0.0122

87) In one city, the probability that a person will pass his or her driving test on the first attempt is 87)
0.65.
Four people are selected at random from among those taking their driving test for the first
time.
Determine the probability distribution of X, the number among the four who pass the test.

A) B) x P(X = x) C) x P(X = x) D) x P(X = x)

x P(X = x) 0 0.0150 0 0.0150 0 0.0150
1 0.65 1 0.1115 1 0.1115 1 0.1115
2 0.4225 2 0.2070 2 0.3105 2 0.3105
3 0.2746 3 0.3844 3 0.3844 3 0.4024
4 0.1785 4 0.1785 4 0.1785 4 0.1605

20
 88) 43% of the murder trials in one district result in a guilty verdict. Five murder trials are selected 88)
at random from the district. Determine the probability distribution of X, the number of trials
among the five selected in which the defendant is found guilty.

A) B)
x P(X = x) x P(X = x)
0 0.0602 0 0.0602
1 0.2270 1 0.2400
2 0.3424 2 0.3424
3 0.2583 3 0.2583
4 0.0975 4 0.0845
5 0.0147 5 0.0147
C) D)
x P(X = x) x P(X = x)
1 0.43 0 0.0602
2 0.1849 1 0.2270
3 0.0795 2 0.3204
4 0.0342 3 0.2803
5 0.0147 4 0.0975
5 0.0147
Find the indicated binomial probability. Round to five decimal places when necessary.
89) What is the probability that 6 rolls of a fair die will show four exactly 5 times? 89)
A) 0.00077 B) 0.3349 C) 0.00064 D)
0.00011

90) In a certain college, 20% of the physics majors belong to ethnic minorities. If 10 students 90)
are
selected at random from the physics majors, what is the probability that exactly 3 belong
to an
ethnic minority?
A) 0.00079 B) 0.20133 C) 0.96 D)
0.00168

91) A multiple choice test has 30 questions, and each has four possible answers, of which one 91)
is
correct. If a student guesses on every question, find the probability of getting exactly 18
correct.
A) 0.00004 B) 0.02906
C) 0.00126 D) 255,257,450,754

92) A company manufactures calculators in batches of 64 and there is a 4% rate of defects. Find 92)
the
probability of getting exactly 5 defects in a batch.
A) 685,827.352 B) 0.78075 C) 4.8 D)
0.07023

93) A cat has a litter of 7 kittens. Find the probability that exactly 4 of the little furballs are 93)
female.
Assume that male and female births are equally likely.
A) 2.1875 B) 0.54688 C) 0.00781 D) 0.27344

Find the indicated probability. Round to four decimal places. 94) A

test

21
consists of 10 true/false questions. To pass the test a student must answer at least 7 questions
correctly. If a student guesses on each question, what is the probability that the student will 94)
pass
the test?
A) 0.1172 B) 0.9453 C) 0.0547 D) 0.1719

22
 95) A machine has 11 identical components which function independently. The probability that a 95)
component will fail is 0.2. The machine will stop working if more than three components fail.
Find the probability that the machine will be working.
A) 0.7785 B) 0.2215 C) 0.1611 D) 0.8389

96) In a certain college, 33% of the physics majors belong to ethnic minorities. If 10 students are 96)
selected at random from the physics majors, what is the probability that no more than 6
belong to
an ethnic minority?
A) 0.9815 B) 0.0547 C) 0.9130 D) 0.9846

97) Find the probability of at least 2 girls in 6 births. Assume that male and female births are 97)
equally
likely and that the births are independent events.
A) 0.1094 B) 0.8906 C) 0.6563 D)
0.2344

98) A company purchases shipments of machine components and uses this acceptance sampling 98)
plan:
Randomly select and test 26 components and accept the whole batch if there are fewer than 3
defectives. If a particular shipment of thousands of components actually has a 7% rate of
defects,
what is the probability that this whole shipment will be accepted?
A) 0.1680 B) 0.7272 C) 0.2790 D)
0.5756

99) An airline estimates that 92% of people booked on their flights actually show up. If the 99)
airline
books 77 people on a flight for which the maximum number is 75, what is the probability that
the
number of people who show up will exceed the capacity of the plane?
A) 0.0109 B) 0.0485 C) 0.0016 D) 0.0125

100) In a study, 36% of adults questioned reported that their health was excellent. A researcher 100)
wishes
to study the health of people living close to a nuclear power plant. Among 10 adults
randomly selected from this area, only 3 reported that their health was excellent. Find the
probability that when 10 adults are randomly selected, 3 or fewer are in excellent health.
A) 0.4868 B) 0.2405 C) 0.2462 D)
0.3521

101) The participants in a television quiz show are picked from a large pool of applicants with 101)
approximately equal numbers of men and women. Among the last 10 participants there have
been
only 2 women. If participants are picked randomly, what is the probability of getting 2 or
fewer
women when 10 people are picked?
A) 0.0537 B) 0.0439 C) 0.0107 D) 0.0547

102) A car insurance company has determined that 5% of all drivers were involved in a car accident year. If
last 12
year. Among the 12 drivers living on one particular street, 3 were involved in a car accident drivers
last are
22
 randomly selected, what is the probability of getting 3 or more who were 102)
involved in a car accident last year?
A) 0.5599 B) 0.0195 C) 0.0173 D)
0.9827

103) In one city, the probability that a person will pass his or her driving test on the first attempt is 103)
0.69.
11 people are selected at random from among those taking their driving test for the first time.
What is the probability that among these 11 people, the number passing the test is between 2
and 4
inclusive?
A) 0.0213 B) 0.0290 C) 0.0252 D)
0.0259

23
Construct a probability histogram for the binomial random variable, X.
104) Three coins are tossed. X is the number of tails. 104)
A) B)

C) D)

105) Two balls are drawn at random, with replacement, from a bag containing 4 red balls and 2 105)
blue balls. X is the number of blue balls drawn.
A) B)

C) D)

23
 106) A baseball player batting 0.300 comes to bat 4 times in a game. X is the number of hits. 106)
A) B)

C) D)

Find the mean of the binomial random variable. Round to two decimal places when
necessary. 107)
107) According to a college survey, 22% of all students work full time. Find the mean for the
random
variable X, the number of students who work full time in samples of size
16.
A) 0.22 B) 4 C) 2.75 D) 3.52

108) A die is rolled 10 times and the number of times that two shows on the upper face is 108)
counted. If
this experiment is repeated many times, find the mean for the random variable X, the
number of
twos.
A) 1.67 B) 8.33 C) 2.5 D)
3.33

109) On a multiple choice test with 19 questions, each question has four possible answers, one of 109)
which
is correct. For students who guess at all answers, find the mean for the random variable X, the
number of correct answers.
A) 4.75 B) 6.33 C) 14.25 D) 9.5

110) The probability that a radish seed will germinate is 0.7. A gardener plants seeds in batches A
of 7. )
Find the mean for the random variable X, the number of seeds germinating in each 4
batch. .
9
24
 B) 2.1 C) 4.97 D) 6.3 110)

111) A company manufactures batteries in batches of 7 and there is a 3% rate of defects. Find the 111)
mean
for the random variable X, the number of defects per batch.
A) 0.21 B) 0.22 C) 0.2 D) 6.79

25
 112) The probability that a person has immunity to a particular disease is 0.8. Find the mean for 112)
the random variable X, the number who have immunity in samples of size 24.
A) 12 B) 19.2 C) 0.8 D) 4.8

113) The probability is 0.4 that a person shopping at a certain store will spend less than $20. For 113)
groups
of size 23, find the mean number who spend less than $20.
A) 13.8 B) 8 C) 12 D) 9.2

114) In a certain town, 60 percent of voters are in favor of a given ballot measure and 40 percent 114)
are
opposed. For groups of 140 voters, find the mean for the random variable X, the number
who
oppose the measure.
A) 56 B) 60 C) 40 D)
84

Find the standard deviation of the binomial random variable.

115) According to a college survey, 22% of all students work full time. Find the standard 115)
deviation for
the random variable X, the number of students who work full time in samples of size
16.
A) 1.88 B) 2.75 C) 3.52 D)
1.66

116) A die is rolled 20 times and the number of twos that come up is tallied. If this experiment is 116)
repeated many times, find the standard deviation for the random variable X, the number of
twos.
A) 2.24 B) 1.624 C) 1.673 D) 1.667

117) On a multiple choice test with 27 questions, each question has four possible answers, one of 117)
which
is correct. For students who guess at all answers, find the standard deviation for the
random
variable X, the number of correct answers.
A) 2.25 B) 2.205 C) 2.208 D)
2.163

118) The probability that a radish seed will germinate is 0.7. A gardener plants seeds in batches of 118)
10.
Find the standard deviation for the random variable X, the number of seeds germinating in
each
batch.
A) 1.375 B) 1.432 C) 1.449 D)
1.358

119) A company manufactures batteries in batches of 19 and there is a 3% rate of defects. Find 119)
the
standard deviation for the random variable X, the number of defects per batch.
A) 0.741 B) 0.744 C) 0.755 D) 0.724

120) The probability of winning a certain lottery is 1/64,315. For people who play 823 times, find st
the a
25
 ndard deviation for the random variable X, the number of wins. 120)
A) 3.2452 B) 0.0128 C) 0.1131 D)
0.1239

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
121) List the four requirements for a binomial distribution. Describe an experiment 121)
which is
binomial and discuss how the experiment fits each of the four requirements.

26
 122) Identify each of the variables in the Binomial Probability 122)
Formula.
n!
P(x) = ∙ px ∙ (1-p)n-x
(n - x)!x!
n!
Also, explain what the fraction
computes. (n - x)!x!

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
123) A bag contains 8 red marbles and 10 green marbles. Anne picks 3 marbles at random, with 123)
replacement, and observes the color of each marble. The number of green marbles, X, is a
binomial
random variable. If we let success correspond to getting a green marble, what is the success
probability, p? What is the number of trials?
5 5 1 1
A) p = , n = 18 B) p = , n = 3 C) p = , n = 3 D) p = , n =
18
9 9 3 10

124) Three random variables X, Y, and Z, are described below. In which of these situations would 124)
it be
acceptable to use the binomial distribution?
A: A bag contains 4 blue marbles and 8 red marbles. Five marbles are drawn at random with
replacement. The random variable X is the number of blue marbles drawn.
B: A bag contains 4 blue marbles and 8 red marbles. Six marbles are drawn at random
without
replacement. The random variable Y is the number of blue marbles drawn.
C: A bag contains 30 blue marbles and 38 red marbles. Three marbles are drawn at random
without replacement. The random variable Z is the number of blue marbles drawn.
A) A only B) A, B, and C C) A and C D) B and
C

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
125) A group of potential jurors consists of 15 women and 18 men. Suppose that 12 people 125)
are
picked at random from this group, without replacement. Let X represent the number
of
women among those selected. Since the sample size exceeds 5% of the population
size, X
does not have an approximate binomial distribution. Explain in your own words
why X
does not have a binomial distribution. Which of the requirements for a binomial
distribution does it not satisfy?

126) Five cards are drawn at random, with replacement, from an ordinary deck of 52 126)
cards.
Considering success to be drawing a heart, formulate the process of observing the
suits of
the five cards as a sequence of five Bernoulli trials.

127) Suppose that the random variable X has a binomial distribution and that the probabilit
success y, p, is
greater
26
 than 0.5. Is the probability distribution of X right skewed, left 127)
skewed, or symmetric? Explain your thinking.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the Poisson Distribution to find the indicated probability. Round to three decimal places when necessary.
128) λ = 4.0; P(X < 3) 128)
A) 0.238 B) 0.22 C) 0.195 D)
0.398

129) λ = 3.3; P(X ≥ 2) 129)

A) 0.201 B) 0.159 C) 0.641 D)
0.841

27
130) λ = 7; P(X = 130)
3) A) 0.142 B) 0.065 C) 0.013 D) 0.052

131) λ = 0.405; P(X = 131)

2) A) 0.068 B) 0.005 C) 0.055 D) 0.123

132) The number of power failures experienced by the Columbia Power Company in a day 132)
has a
Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 0.210. Find the probability that there are exactly
two power failures in a particular day.

A) 0.027 B) 0.036 C) 0.085 D) 0.018

133) A computer salesman averages 1.7 sales per week. Use the Poisson distribution to find 133)
the
probability that in a randomly selected week the number of computers sold is 1.

A) 0.342 B) 0.388 C) 0.528 D) 0.311

134) A naturalist leads whale watch trips every morning in March. The number of whales seen 134)
has a
Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 2.0. Find the probability that on a randomly selected
trip, the number of whales seen is 4.

A) 0.361 B) 0.541 C) 0.153 D) 0.09

135) The number of lightning strikes in a year at the top of a particular mountain has a 135)
Poisson
distribution with parameter λ = 2.5. Find the probability that in a randomly selected year,
the number of lightning strikes is 3.

A) 0.011 B) 0.278 C) 0.214 D) 0.363

136) For a certain type of fabric, the average number of defects in each square foot of fabric is 0.2. 136)
Find
the probability that a randomly selected square foot of the fabric will contain more than one
defect.

A) 0.836 B) 0.016 C) 0.982 D) 0.018

137) The number of calls received by a mountain search and rescue team in a day has a Poisson 137)
distribution with parameter λ = 0.52. Find the probability that on a randomly selected day,
they will receive fewer than two calls.

A) 0.904 B) 0.08 C) 0.309 D) 0.096

138) In one town, the number of burglaries in a week has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 138)
3.1.
Find the probability that in a randomly selected week the number of burglaries is at least
three.

A) 0.599 B) 0.401 C) 0.375 D) 0.224

139) The number of calls received by a car towing service in an hour has a Poisson distribution parame
with ter λ =
27
2.37. Find the probability that in a randomly selected hour the number of calls is between 2 139)
and 4 inclusive.

A) 0.470 B) 0.651 C) 1.415 D) 0.593

28
Solve the problem.
140) A naturalist leads whale watch trips every morning in March. The number of whales seen X, 140)
has a
Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 3.3. Construct a probability table for the random
variable
X. Compute the probabilities for 0 - 5 sightings.

A) B) C) D)
x P(X=x) x P(X=x) x P(X=x) x P(X=x)
0 0.037 0 0.370 0 0.037 0 0.037
1 0.122 1 0.122 1 0.122 1 0.122
2 0.201 2 0.201 2 0.201 2 0.021
3 0.221 3 0.221 3 0.221 3 0.221
4 0.182 4 0.182 4 0.182 4 0.182
5 0.012 5 0.120 5 0.120 5 0.120

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
141) The number of lightning strikes in a year at the top of a particular mountain has a 141)
Poisson
distribution
with parameter λ = 3.5. Construct a histogram of the probabilities when the
number of strikes is from 1-5.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Find the mean of the Poisson random variable.
142) Suppose X has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 1.8. Find the mean of X. 142)
A) 1.8 B) 1 C) 3.24 D)
1.342

143) Suppose X has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 0.63. Find the mean of X. 143)
A) 0.63 B) 0.4 C) 0.794 D)
0.315

144) In one town, the number of burglaries in a week has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 144)
3.2.
Let X denote the number of burglaries in the town in a randomly selected week. Find the
mean of
X.

A) 1.789 B) 1.6 C) 3.2 D) 10.24

145) The number of calls received by a car towing service in an hour has a Poisson distribution with 145)
parameter λ = 2.49. Let X denote the number of calls received by the service in a randomly
selected
hour. Find the mean of X.
A) 2.49 B) 6.2 C) 1.245 D) 1.578

Find the standard deviation of the Poisson random variable. Round to three decimal places. A
146) Suppose X has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 1.500. Find the standard deviation )
of X. 1
.
2
28
 25 B) 2.250 C) 1.000 D) 1.500
146)
147) Suppose X has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 19.720. Find the standard deviation 147)
of X.
A) 19.720 B) 388.878 C) 4.441 D) 9.860

148) In one town, the number of burglaries in a week has a Poisson distribution with parameter 148)
λ = 2.700. Let X denote the number of burglaries in the town in a randomly selected week. Find the
standard deviation of X.
A) 1.643 B) 1.350 C) 2.700 D) 7.290

29
 149) The number of calls received by a car towing service in an hour has a Poisson distribution 149)
with parameter λ = 2.100. Let X denote the number of calls received by the service in a
randomly selected hour. Find the standard deviation of X.
A) 1.050 B) 4.410 C) 2.100 D) 1.449

Determine the required probability by using the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution. Round to
three
decimal places.
150) The probability that a car will have a flat tire while driving through a certain tunnel is 0.00005. 150)
Use
the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution to find the probability that among
10,000
cars passing through this tunnel, exactly two will have a flat tire.
A) 0.121 B) 0.106 C) 0.076 D) 0.091

151) The probability that a car will have a flat tire while driving through a certain tunnel is 0.00006. 151)
Use
the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution to find the probability that among
13,000
cars passing through this tunnel, at least one will have a flat tire.
A) 0.358 B) 0.458 C) 0.542 D) 0.965

152) The probability that a car will have a flat tire while driving through a certain tunnel is 0.00006. 152)
Use
the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution to find the probability that among 7000
cars passing through this tunnel, at most two will have a flat tire.
A) 0.058 B) 0.991 C) 0.933 D) 0.067

153) The probability that a call received by a certain switchboard will be a wrong number is 0.01. 153)
Use
the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution to find the probability that among 120
calls
received by the switchboard, there are no wrong numbers.
A) 0.301 B) 0.331 C) 0.361 D)
0.699

154) The probability that a call received by a certain switchboard will be a wrong number is 0.02. 154)
Use
the Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution to find the probability that among 140
calls
received by the switchboard, there are at least two wrong numbers.
A) 0.531 B) 0.769 C) 0.238 D)
0.231

155) The rate of defects among CD players of a certain brand is 1.6%. Use the Poisson 155)
approximation to
the binomial distribution to find the probability that among 220 such CD players received by a
store, there are exactly three defectives.
A) 0.430 B) 0.323 C) 0.161 D) 0.215

156) The rate of defects among CD players of a certain brand is 1.3%. Use the Poisson t
approximation to h

29
 e binomial distribution to find the probability that among 230 such CD players received by a 156)
store, there is at most one defective.
A) 0.150 B) 0.799 C) 0.201 D) 0.950

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
157) Describe the Poisson distribution and give some example of a random variable 157)
with a
Poisson distribution.

30
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
158) Which of the random variables described below is likely to have a Poisson distribution? 158)
- The random variable X is the number of accidents occurring during a ski season at a
particular ski resort.
-Fifty people are selected at random from among the skiers at a particular resort. The random
variable Y is the number among the fifty who have been involved in a ski accident during the
past ski season.
-One ski resort allows both skiers and snowboarders. Fifty people are selected at random from
the people waiting in line at one of the resort's chairlifts. The random variable Z is the number
of snowboarders among the fifty.
A) Y and Z B) X and Y C) X, Y, and Z D) X only

159) Which of the following describes the possible values of a Poisson random 159)
variable, X?
A) All counting numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, ...)
B) All integers
C) All counting numbers up to twice the mean of X (1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 2λ)
D) All nonnegative integers

160) True or false, if the random variable X has a Poisson distribution, then the probability 160)
distribution
of X can be either right skewed or symmetric?
A) True B) False

161) True or false, a Poisson random variable has an infinite number of possible 161)
values?
A) True B) False

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
162) The random variable X represents the number of thunderstorms occurring in a 162)
month in
one city. Suppose that X has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 3.2. Determine
and interpret the mean of the random variable X.

163) 6.2% of VCRs of a certain type are defective. Let the random variable X represent the 163)
number of defective VCRs among 200 randomly selected VCRs of this type. Suppose
you
wish to find the probability that X is equal to 8. Does the random variable X have a
binomial or a Poisson distribution? How can you tell? If X has a binomial distribution,
would it be reasonable to use the Poisson approximation? If not, why not?

30
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED5

1) D
2) A
3) A
4) B
5) B
6) B
7) B
8) B
9) B
10) A
11) A
12) D
13) B
14) C
15) C
16) A
17) A
18) D
19) A
20) A
21) B
22) B
23) A
24) D
25) B
26) A
27) B
28) A
29) D
30) B
31) C
32) A
33) B
34) B
35) B
36) C
37) D
38) D
39) C
40) B
41) Examples will vary. Possible example: the random variable X is the number of heads which appear before the
first tail
when a coin is flipped repeatedly.
42) D
43) D
44) Answers will vary. Possible answer: A probability distribution consists of a listing of the possible values and
corresponding probabilities of a discrete random variable. Alternatively it may be a formula for these
probabilities.
45) C
46) Answers will vary. Possible answer: Construct a graph displaying the possible values of the random variable
on the horizontal axis. Above each value, construct a vertical bar whose height is equal to the probability of the
value.

31
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED5

47) Answers will vary. Possible answer: No, Danny's thinking is not reasonable. If Danny flipped the coin a large
number
of times, the proportion of heads would approximate the probability of obtaining heads. However, the number of
observations here is too small.
48) C
49) C
50) A
51) B
52) D
53) C
54) B
55) A
56) B
57) D
58) C
59) B
60) C
61) A
62) B
63) C
64) B
65) C
66) The expected winnings are -$0.46. the game is not fair, and it favors the owner of the game.
67) The expected values would be negative for the person playing, as the casinos are designed to make money.
68) Answers will vary. Possible answer: In the long run, the average amount lost by the player per play of the
game will be 87 cents.
69) A
70) B
71) Answers will vary. Possible answer: According to the law of large numbers, in a large number of observations of
X,
the average value of the observations will be approximately equal to the mean of X, -$0.32. The larger the
number of observations, the closer the average is likely to be to -$0.32. Thus while neither average will
necessarily equal exactly
-$0.32, the second average (of 100 observations) is likely to be closer to -$0.32 than the first average.
72) Answers will vary. Possible answer: A short-term investor would probably prefer fund A as it is less volatile
(the standard deviation of the returns is smaller). A long-term investor would probably prefer fund B as it
has a higher mean return. For a long-term investor the volatility of fund B poses less of a risk.
73) Answers will vary. Possible answer: You are more likely to make a profit in one play of game A than in one play of
game B. The standard deviation of X is larger than the standard deviation of Y which means that there is a greater
chance that X could be so far from the mean.
74) A
75) B
76) D
77) A
78) A
79) D

32
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED5

80) Each trial consists of observing whether the coin comes up heads or tails. There are two possible outcomes,
heads or
tails. The trials are independent. If we consider tails to be success, the success probability is p = 0.44.

Outcome Probability
hhh (0.56)(0.56)(0.56) =
0.176
hht (0.56)(0.56)(0.44) =
hth 0.138
(0.56)(0.44)(0.56) =
0.138
htt (0.56)(0.44)(0.44) =
0.108
thh (0.44)(0.56)(0.56) =
0.138
tht (0.44)(0.56)(0.44) =
tth 0.108
(0.44)(0.44)(0.56) =
ttt 0.108
(0.44)(0.44)(0.44) =
0.085
htt, tht, tth; 0.324
81) Each trial consists of observing whether or not the employee cycles to work. There are two possible outcomes,
cycles
or does not cycle The trials are independent. If we consider "cycles to work" to be success, the success
probability is p = 0.11.

Outcome Probability
sss (0.11)(0.11)(0.11) =
ssf 0.001
(0.11)(0.11)(0.89) =
sfs 0.011
(0.11)(0.89)(0.11) =
sff 0.011
(0.11)(0.89)(0.89) =
0.087
fss (0.89)(0.11)(0.11) =
0.011
fsf (0.89)(0.11)(0.89) =
0.087
ffs (0.89)(0.89)(0.11) =
0.087
fff (0.89)(0.89)(0.89) =
0.705
sff, fsf, ffs; 0.261

33
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED5

82) Each trial consists of observing whether or not the resident owns their own home. There are two possible
outcomes,
owns their own home or does not own their own home. The trials are independent. If we consider "owns their
own
home" to be success, the success probability is p = 0.3.

Outcome Probability
ssss (0.3)(0.3)(0.3)(0.3) =
0.008
sssf (0.3)(0.3)(0.3)(0.7) =
0.019
ssfs (0.3)(0.3)(0.7)(0.3) =
0.019
ssff (0.3)(0.3)(0.7)(0.7) =
0.044
sfss (0.3)(0.7)(0.3)(0.3) =
0.019
sfsf (0.3)(0.7)(0.3)(0.7) =
sffs 0.044
(0.3)(0.7)(0.7)(0.3) =
sfff 0.044
(0.3)(0.7)(0.7)(0.7) =
Outcome 0.103 Probability
fsss (0.7)(0.3)(0.3)(0.3) =
0.019
fssf (0.7)(0.3)(0.3)(0.7) =
0.044
fsfs (0.7)(0.3)(0.7)(0.3) =
fsff 0.044
(0.7)(0.3)(0.7)(0.7) =
0.103
ffss (0.7)(0.7)(0.3)(0.3) =
0.044
ffsf (0.7)(0.7)(0.3)(0.7) =
0.103
fffs (0.7)(0.7)(0.7)(0.3) =
0.103
ffff (0.7)(0.7)(0.7)(0.7) =
0.240
ssff, sfsf, sffs, fssf, fsfs, ffss; 0.264
83) C
84) A
85) C
86) D
87) C
88) A
89) C
90) B
91) A
92) D
93) D
94) D
95) D
96) A
97) B
98) B
99) D
100) A
101) D
102) B
103) D
104) B
105) B
106) B
107) D
108) A
34
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED5

109) A
110) A
111) A
112) B
113) D
114) A
115) D
116) D
117) A
118) C
119) B
120) C
121) The four requirements are:
1) The experiment must have a fixed number of trials.
2) The trials must be independent
3) Each trial must have all outcomes classified into two categories.
4) The probabilities must remain constant for each trial.
Answers will vary for the experiment.
122) n is the fixed number of trials, x is the number of successes, p is the probability of success in one of the n trials,
and
(1 - p) is the probability of failure in one of the n trials. The fraction determines the number of different orders
of x successes out of n trials.
123) B
124) A
125) Answers will vary. After each selection, the pool from which the next person will be selected contains one person
fewer. This means that the success probability is not constant from one trial to the next. Furthermore, the trials
are not independent since the probability of picking a woman at any given trial depends on the number of
women already selected.
126) Each trial consists of observing the suit of the card drawn and has two possible outcomes, heart or non-
heart. The trials are independent. The success probability, p, is 0.25 and the number of trials, n, is five.
127) Left skewed. Explanations will vary.
128) A
129) D
130) D
131) C
132) D
133) D
134) D
135) C
136) D
137) A
138) A
139) D
140) C

35
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED5

141)
P(X=x)
0.45

0.4
0.35

0.3
0.25

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

1 2 3 4 5 6x

142) A
143) A
144) C
145) A
146) A
147) C
148) A
149) D
150) C
151) C
152) B
153) A
154) B
155) D
156) C
157) The Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution used to model the frequency with which a specified
event occurs during a particular period of time.. Examples will vary.
158) D
159) D
160) B
161) A
162) The mean of X is μ = λ = 3.2. In other words, there are, on average, 3.2 thunderstorms in a month in this city.
163) X has a binomial distribution since the conditions for a binomial distribution are satisfied; the number of trials
(200) is
fixed; the trials are independent and each one has two possible outcomes, defective or not defective; the
success probability (p = 0.062) is the same at every trial.
The Poisson approximation would not be reasonable in this case since the condition np ≤ 10 is not satisfied
(np = 200(0.062) = 12.4).

36