Essentials of Psychology 6th Edition Bernstein Test Bank Download

Essentials of Psychology 6th Edition
Bernstein
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Definitions: Topic 4: Psychoactive Drugs

Unit 6: Consciousness
1. What is produced from the leaves of the coca plant?

a. heroin c. cocaine
b. caffeine d. opium
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Remember
OBJ: LO6: Recognize and provide examples of the major categories of psychoactive drugs, and
categorize drugs based on their effects on the nervous system. TOP: Psychoactive Drugs
2. Cocaine’s effects on the nervous system center around its ability to ____.
a. decrease the amount of neurotransmitters available in the nervous system
b. block reuptake
c. increase reuptake in the synapse
d. decrease the sensitivity of receptors to norepinephrine
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Remember
3. When the effects of cocaine wear off, users often report feelings of ____.
a. extreme fatigue c. mellowness
b. general well-being d. depression
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Remember
4. Today, the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is ____.
a. alcohol c. nicotine
b. marijuana d. caffeine
5. Caffeine belongs to the group of chemicals called ____.

a. xanthines c. hallucinogens
b. opiates d. amphetamines
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Remember
6. Caffeine’s characteristic effects are due to its ____.

a. blocking adenosine receptors in the brain
b. decreasing the production of norepinephrine in the dendrite
c. interfering with the production of norepinephrine in the terminal button
d. increasing reuptake rates in the neuron
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Understand
7. Nicotine is classified as a(n) ____.

a. opiate c. stimulant
b. hallucinogen d. depressant
8. In the brain, nicotine ___.

a. stimulates the production of dopamine
b. interferes with the reuptake of dopamine
c. binds to serotonin receptors
d. stimulates the production of receptors
9. The three main effects of ____ are pain reduction, euphoria, and constipation.
a. opiates c. hallucinogens
b. stimulants d. designer drugs
10. The body is capable of producing its own opiate-like chemicals in the form of ____.
a. endorphins c. thoraxine
b. dopamine d. adrenaline
11. Psilocybin’s effects on the nervous system are due to its ____.
a. excitatory influence on serotonin receptors
b. inhibitory action on dopamine receptors
c. similarity to cocaine with regard to chemical makeup
d. chemical structure resembling LSD
12. Peyote cactus contains the psychoactive drug ____.

a. MDMA c. psilocybin
b. mescaline d. opium
13. Bud has manufactured a quantity of MDMA in a lab in his garage. Bud has made a(n) ____.
a. depressant c. designer drug
b. opiate d. stimulant
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Understand
14. The street name of MDMA is ____.

a. “ecstasy” c. “slam”
b. “ice” d. “crack”
15. MDMA creates a euphoric rush and warmth by ____.

a. causing the release of large amounts of endorphins
b. causing the release of large amounts of serotonin and dopamine
c. blocking the reuptake of endorphins
d. blocking adenosine receptors
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Understand
16. The most widely used illegal drug in the United States is ____.
a. methamphetamine c. cocaine
b. opium d. marijuana
17. The active ingredient in marijuana is called ____ and is found in ____.
a. xanthine; cannabis roots c. THC; cannabis leaves
b. anandamide; cannabis leaves d. xanthine; cannabis leaves
18. Alcohol is classified as a(n) ____.

a. amphetamine c. opiate
b. stimulant d. depressant
19. Reduction of central nervous system activity is the defining feature of ____.
a. stimulants c. depressants
b. hallucinogens d. amphetamines
20. A depressant drug ____.

a. causes depression
b. induces a feeling of anxiety
c. increases heart rate and respiration
d. dampens the activity of the central nervous system
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Understand
21. Phenobarbital and pentobarbital are ____.

a. opioids c. stimulants
b. hallucinogens d. barbiturates
22. ____ utilize the same receptors in the brain as ____.

a. Stimulants; serotonin c. Opioids; dopamine
b. Opioids; endorphins d. Stimulants; GABA
23. Narcotics include which type of drug?

a. opioids c. tranquilizers
b. barbiturates d. stimulants
24. Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?

a. Percodan c. Ecstasy
b. Codeine d. Heroin
25. Which of the following is a stimulant?

a. nicotine c. heroin
b. LSD d. mescaline
26. Alcohol is to ____ as caffeine is to ____.

a. depressant; stimulant c. depressant; hallucinogen
b. stimulant; hallucinogen d. stimulant; depressant
27. Amphetamine psychosis resembles acute episodes of which psychological disorder?

a. obsessive-compulsive disorder, characterized by obsessive and compulsive behaviors
b. panic disorder, characterized by feelings of extreme anxiety
c. antisocial personality disorder, characterized by withdrawing from social contact
d. schizophrenia, characterized by hallucinations and delusions
28. Cocaine blocks reuptake of ____, the chemical that stimulates reward pathways in the ____.
a. norepinephrine; limbic system c. dopamine; limbic system
b. dopamine; brainstem d. norepinephrine; cerebral cortex
29. Which of the following stimulants is likely to produce hallucinogenic effects?

a. cocaine c. nicotine
b. amphetamine d. MDMA
30. Which of the following is a "paradoxical" effect of the stimulant nicotine?

a. A mild "rush" c. Increased arousal
b. Decreased appetite d. Mental calmness and relaxation
31. Since hallucinogens alter sensory perceptions and produce sensory distortions, they are also called
____.
a. antipsychotics c. narcotics
b. psychedelics d. opioids
32. The two most widely used hallucinogens are ____.
a. LSD and MDMA c. nicotine and caffeine
b. MDMA and marijuana d. marijuana and LSD
33. LSD has which of the following effects on a user?

a. Pupillary dilation c. Decreased blood pressure
b. Decreased heart rate d. Sleepiness
34. The psychological effects of LSD are best described as ____.

a. variable and unpredictable c. consistent, but unpredictable
b. consistent and predictable d. variable, but predictable
35. Which hallucinogen may lead to feelings of paranoia and blind rage, sometimes leading to bizarre or
violent behavior?
a. LSD c. MDMA
b. PCP d. cocaine
36. Over the ages, hallucinogens have played an important role in ____.
a. producing religious visions c. creating social structures
b. influencing political idealisms d. formulating medicinal philosophies
37. The Amanita muscaria mushroom contains chemicals that interact with which neurotransmitters in the
brain to produce hallucinations?
a. serotonin and dopamine c. GABA and dopamine
b. serotonin and glutamate d. GABA and glutamate
38. The major psychoactive chemical in marijuana is ____.

a. tocotrienol c. thiazolidinedione
b. tert-butylhydroquinone d. tetrahydrocannabinol
39. What is the relationship between caffeine and Parkinson’s disease?

a. Caffeine causes Parkinson’s disease.
b. Caffeine positively correlates with Parkinson’s disease.
c. Caffeine decreases one’s chance of acquiring Parkinson’s disease.
d. Caffeine negatively correlates with Parkinson’s disease.
40. Nicotine mimics the action of which neurotransmitter?

a. dopamine c. norepinephrine
b. serotonin d. acetylcholine
41. Cocaine and amphetamine boost the activity of which neurotransmitter?

a. dopamine c. norepinephrine
b. serotonin d. acetylcholine
42. Amphetamine was originally marketed as a treatment for ____.

a. diabetes c. asthma
b. cancer d. syphilis
43. In addition to seeking the relaxation produced by alcohol, early humans might have turned to
fermented beverages as a ____.
a. ceremonial religious rite
b. primitive surgical anesthetic
c. safety precaution against contaminated water
d. tool to promote social bonding
44. Morphine, heroin, and codeine are effective because they imitate the action of our natural ____.
a. excitatory neurotransmitters c. endorphins
b. tryptamines d. catecholamines
45. What is the name of the chemicals that alter our consciousness, sensations, perceptions, mood, and
cognitive processes?
a. psychosomatic drugs c. psychomedicinal drugs
b. psychoactive drugs d. illicit drugs
46. Which of the following types of psychoactive drugs increase activity of the nervous system, resulting
in heightened alertness, arousal, and euphoria?
a. hallucinogens c. stimulants
b. opiates d. marijuana
47. Which of the following is a mild stimulant?

a. cocaine c. nicotine
b. crystal meth d. alcohol
48. Methamphetamine’s effects of enhanced mood, alertness, and energy is due to its ability to ____.
a. block the receptor sites of dopamine c. decrease the release of dopamine
b. mimic dopamine d. increase the release of dopamine
49. Dependency refers to the strong need or desire to use a drug in order to ____.
a. cope with some situation or problem
b. prevent the onset of withdrawal symptoms
c. overcome tolerance effects
d. make the body function normally
OBJ: LO7: Characterize addiction to psychoactive drugs, including the prevalence and correlates of
abuse and dependence, neurological changes associated with addiction, the processes of abuse,
dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal, and the common approaches and methods to treatment as well
as their success rates. TOP: Addiction to Psychoactive Drugs
50. Withdrawal symptoms occur when an addicted person ____.

a. uses a drug
b. overuses a drug
c. stops using a drug
d. recognizes that they are psychologically dependent
51. Which organ is most severely damaged by alcohol abuse?

a. The stomach c. The heart
b. The liver d. The kidney
52. If your college campus is like the average campus in the United States, what percentage of students
engage in binge drinking?
a. Some; about 12 percent c. Close to half, about 45 percent
b. A moderate number, 23 percent d. The majority, 69 percent
53. Among alcohol-induced deaths, what is a frequent cause of death?

a. seizure
b. heart attack
c. stroke
d. choking on one’s own vomit
54. Once an individual has developed a behavioral pattern of drug abuse and an overwhelming desire to
get and use the drug, then we say that the individual has developed a(n) ____.
a. withdrawal symptom c. addiction
b. tolerance d. psychological dependence
55. Many of the drugs of abuse share the tendency to ____ levels of ____ in the brain.
a. increase; dopamine c. increase; serotonin
b. decrease; dopamine d. decrease; serotonin
56. Which area of the brain plays a large role in brain addiction?
a. medulla c. hypothalamus
b. nucleus accumbens d. hippocampus
57. When a person’s body builds up a resistance to a drug so that larger doses are needed to produce the
same effects, that person has developed ____.
a. an addiction c. dependency
b. tolerance d. immunity
58. “Tolerance” for a drug means that the brain and the body ____.
a. adjust to the drug and use it with no ill effects
b. no longer get any effect from using the drug
c. shut out the drug, which passes harmlessly through the system
d. require increasingly larger doses of the drug to achieve the same effect
59. A memory lapse associated with drinking is called a ____.

a. blackout c. hangover
b. mnemonic d. seizure
60. ____ is defined as a maladaptive pattern of using a substance that leads to significant problems
because of continued usage.
a. Psychological addiction c. Chemical addiction
b. Substance dependency d. Substance abuse
61. Although Sigmund Freud initially recommended the use of cocaine in his 1885 book, Über Coca (On
Coca), Freud became disenchanted with the drug when he became aware of its ____.
a. limited mood altering potential c. deadly side-effects
b. ability to alter motor behavior d. potential for addiction
62. Maladaptive or dangerous use of a chemical substance is referred to as ____.

a. drug abuse c. physiological dependence
b. drug dependence d. chemical dependence
63. The term “drug abuse” refers to when ____.

a. a person’s health or ability to function is impaired
b. a person habitually uses a drug to serve a psychological need
c. a person feels powerless to stop using the drug
d. a person’s body comes to depend on having a steady supply of the drug
64. Which drug is involved with the majority of suicides?

a. cocaine c. alcohol
b. LSD d. MDMA
65. “Crack” is to ________ as “ice” is to ________.

a. stimulant; hallucinogen c. cocaine; MDMA
b. cocaine; amphetamine d. stimulant; depressant
66. The term, “drug dependence” refers to when ____.

a. a person’s healthy or ability to function is impaired
b. a person’s ability to control their use of the drug is impaired
c. a person’s body comes to depend on having a steady supply of the drug
d. a person uses a drug to alter his/her state of consciousness
67. If a person continues to take a drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms, the person is experiencing ____.
a. tolerance c. dependence
b. addiction d. withdrawal
68. Among teenagers who begin smoking, about what proportion or percentage will eventually die of
smoking-related causes?
a. One in twenty c. One in three
b. One in ten d. One in two

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Essentials of Psychology 6th Edition

Definitions: Topic 4: Psychoactive Drugs

1. What is produced from the leaves of the coca plant?

5. Caffeine belongs to the group of chemicals called ____.

6. Caffeine’s characteristic effects are due to its ____.

7. Nicotine is classified as a(n) ____.

8. In the brain, nicotine ___.

12. Peyote cactus contains the psychoactive drug ____.

14. The street name of MDMA is ____.

15. MDMA creates a euphoric rush and warmth by ____.

18. Alcohol is classified as a(n) ____.

20. A depressant drug ____.

21. Phenobarbital and pentobarbital are ____.

22. ____ utilize the same receptors in the brain as ____.

23. Narcotics include which type of drug?

24. Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?

25. Which of the following is a stimulant?

26. Alcohol is to ____ as caffeine is to ____.

27. Amphetamine psychosis resembles acute episodes of which psychological disorder?

29. Which of the following stimulants is likely to produce hallucinogenic effects?

30. Which of the following is a "paradoxical" effect of the stimulant nicotine?

33. LSD has which of the following effects on a user?

34. The psychological effects of LSD are best described as ____.

38. The major psychoactive chemical in marijuana is ____.

39. What is the relationship between caffeine and Parkinson’s disease?

40. Nicotine mimics the action of which neurotransmitter?

41. Cocaine and amphetamine boost the activity of which neurotransmitter?

42. Amphetamine was originally marketed as a treatment for ____.

47. Which of the following is a mild stimulant?

50. Withdrawal symptoms occur when an addicted person ____.

51. Which organ is most severely damaged by alcohol abuse?

53. Among alcohol-induced deaths, what is a frequent cause of death?

59. A memory lapse associated with drinking is called a ____.

62. Maladaptive or dangerous use of a chemical substance is referred to as ____.

63. The term “drug abuse” refers to when ____.

64. Which drug is involved with the majority of suicides?

65. “Crack” is to ________ as “ice” is to ________.

66. The term, “drug dependence” refers to when ____.

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22. utilize the same receptors in the brain as .

26. Alcohol is to as caffeine is to .

65. “Crack” is to as “ice” is to .