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Chapter 6: Quantities in Chemical Reactions

1. When one molecule of propane, C3H8, burns in a gas grill, it combines with five oxygen
molecules to form three CO2 molecules and four H2O molecules. Select the statement
below that is incorrect in regard to this reaction.
A) The balanced equation for the reaction is C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O.
B) If five propane molecules react, 15 CO2 molecules will be formed.
C) If five propane molecules react, 25 O2 molecules must also react.
D) If 15 O2 molecules react, 9 H2O molecules will be formed.
E) If 12 CO2 molecules are formed, then four propane molecules must have reacted.
Ans: D
2. When ethanol, C2H5OH, a component in some gasoline mixtures, is burned in air, one
molecule of ethanol combines with three oxygen molecules to form two CO2 molecules
and three H2O molecules. Select the statement below that is incorrect in regard to this
reaction.
A) The balanced equation for the reaction is C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O.
B) If four ethanol molecules react, eight CO2 molecules will be formed.
C) If 12 H2O molecules are formed, then nine O2 molecules must have reacted.
D) If 15 ethanol molecules react, then 45 oxygen molecules must also react.
E) If 12 CO2 molecules are formed, then 18 H2O molecules will also be formed.
Ans: C
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3. When acetylene, C2H2, a fuel used in welding, is burned in air, two molecules of
acetylene combine with five oxygen molecules to form four CO2 molecules and two H2O
molecules. Select the statement below that is incorrect in regard to this reaction.
A) The balanced equation for the reaction is 2C2H2 + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 2H2O.
B) If eight acetylene molecules react, 12 CO2 molecules will be formed.
C) If 12 H2O molecules are formed, then 30 O2 molecules must have reacted.
D) If 12 CO2 molecules are formed, then six H2O molecules will also be formed.
E) If 24 ethanol molecules react, then 60 oxygen molecules must also react.
Ans: B
4. All of the following may change during a chemical reaction except

A) the total number of atoms in the system.
B) the temperature of the system.
C) the color of the system.
D) the total number of molecules in the system.
E) the physical state of the system.
Ans: A
5. When sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, dissolves in water, the ions that are formed for each
formula unit that dissolves are:
A) Na22+(aq) + SO42−(aq) D) Na22+(aq) + S(s) + O42−(aq)
2−
2+
B) 2Na (aq) + SO4 (aq) E) Na22+(aq) + S2−(aq) + 4O2−(aq)
C) 2Na+(aq) + SO42−(aq)
Ans: C
6. When potassium carbonate, K2CO3, dissolves in water, the ions that are formed for each
formula unit that dissolves are:
A) K22+(aq) + CO32−(aq) D) 2K+(aq) + C(s) + O32−(aq)
B) 2K2+(aq) + CO32−(aq) E) K22+(aq) + C4+(aq) + 3O2−(aq)
C) 2K+(aq) + CO32−(aq)
Ans: C
7. When ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3, dissolves in water, the ions that are formed for
each formula unit that dissolves are:
A) (NH4)22+(aq) + CO32−(aq)
B) 2NH4+(aq) + CO32−(aq)
C) 2N3−(aq) + 4H+(aq) + CO32−(aq)
D) 2N3−(aq) + 4H+(aq) + C(s) + O32−(aq)
E) 2N3−(aq) + 4H+(aq) + C4+(aq)+ 3O2−(aq)
Ans: B
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8. Which of the following is the best balanced equation to represent the chemical reaction
exactly as shown in the figure?
A) 4A + 8B → 12AB D) A2 + B2 → AB2
B) 2A2 + 4B2 → 4A2B E) A2 + 2B2 → 2AB2
C) 2A2 + 4B2 → 4AB2
Ans: C
9. Which of the following is the best (simplest) balanced equation to represent the chemical
reaction shown in the figure on any scale?
A) 16H + 10O → 16H + 10O D) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

B) 16H + 10O → 8H2O + O2 E) 4H2 + 2O2 → 4H2O
C) 8H2 + 5O2 → 8H2O + O2
Ans: D
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10. Which of the following is the best (simplest) balanced equation to represent the chemical
reaction shown in the figure on any scale?
A) 12N + 12H → 12NH D) 12N + 12H → 4NH3 + 8N

B) 6N2 + 6H2 → 4NH3 E) N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
C) 6N2 + 6H2 → 4NH3 + 4N2
Ans: E
11. When the mixture of molecules shown in the molecular-level image undergoes complete
reaction, all of these molecules are converted to products. Which of the following
reactions could this represent?
A) N2 + O2 → 2NO D) N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

B) N2 + 2Cl2 → N2Cl4 E) N2 + 3O2 → 2NO3
C) N2 + 2O2 → 2NO2
Ans: A
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12. When the mixture of molecules shown in the molecular-level image undergoes complete
reaction, all of these molecules are converted to products. Which of the following
reactions could this represent?
A) 2N2 + 3O2 → 2N2O3 D) N2 + 3Cl2 → 2NCl3

B) N2 + 2Cl2 → N2Cl4 E) 3N2 + 2H2 → 3N2H4
C) O2 + 2H2 → 2H2O
Ans: D
13. When mixed, solutions of aluminum nitrate, Al(NO3)3, and ammonium carbonate,
(NH4)2CO3, will form a precipitate of aluminum carbonate, Al2(CO3)3. The balanced
equation is:
2Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3(NH4)2CO3(aq) → Al2(CO3)3 (s) + 6NH4NO3(aq)
Which of the following statements regarding this reaction is incorrect?
A) 2 moles of Al(NO3)3 will react with 3 moles of (NH4)2CO3.
B) If 6 moles of (NH4)2CO3 react with sufficient Al(NO3)3, 2 moles of Al2(CO3)3 will
be formed.
C) If 0.5 mole of (NH4)2CO3 react with sufficient Al(NO3)3, 3 moles of Al2(CO3)3 will
be formed.
D) If 1.5 moles of Al2(CO3)3 are formed, given sufficient starting materials, then 9
moles of NH4NO3 will also be formed.
E) 4 moles of Al(NO3)3 will react with 6 moles of (NH4)2CO3.
Ans: C
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14. When mixed, solutions of silver nitrate, AgNO3, and sodium phosphate, Na3PO4, will
form a precipitate of silver phosphate, Ag3PO4. The balanced equation is:
3AgNO3(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) → Ag3PO4(s) + 3NaNO3(aq)
A) 6 moles of AgNO3 will react with 2 moles of Na3PO4.
B) 9 moles of AgNO3 will form 2 moles of Ag3PO4, given sufficient Na3PO4.
C) 1.5 moles of NaNO3 will be formed when 0.5 mole of Na3PO4 reacts with sufficient
AgNO3.
D) 3 moles of Ag3PO4 will be formed when 3 moles of Na3PO4 react with sufficient
AgNO3.
E) 2 moles of Na3PO4 will react with 6 moles of AgNO3.
Ans: B
15. When mixed, solutions of copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2, and sodium phosphate, Na3PO4,
will form a precipitate of copper phosphate, Cu3(PO4)2. The balanced equation is:
3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq) → Cu3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaNO3(aq)
A) 8 moles of Na3PO4 will react with 12 moles of Cu(NO3)2.
B) 1 mole of NaNO3 will be formed when 0.5 mole of Cu(NO3)2 reacts with sufficient
Na3PO4.
C) 12 moles of Cu3(PO4)2 will be formed when 36 moles of Cu(NO3)2 reacts with
sufficient Na3PO4.
D) If 10 moles of Na3PO4 react with sufficient Cu(NO3)2, 4 moles of Cu3(PO4)2 will be
formed.
E) If 5 moles of Cu3(PO4)2 are needed, it would require the combination of 15 moles
of Cu(NO3)2 and 10 moles of Na3PO4.
Ans: D
16. Consider the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen gases to form water:
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)
Which of the following is not conserved in this reaction?
A) atoms
B) moles of atoms
C) mass
D) both moles of molecules and moles of atoms
E) moles of molecules
Ans: E
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17. Consider the reaction between sodium metal and chlorine gas to form sodium chloride:
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)
A) atoms
B) moles of atoms
C) mass
Ans: E
18. Consider the reaction between acetylene, C2H2, and oxygen in a welding torch:
2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
A) atoms
B) moles of atoms
C) mass
Ans: E
19. Which of the following equations is balanced?

A) P4(s) + 10O2(g) → P4O10(s)
B) ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) → ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)
C) NH3(g) + O2(g) → NO2(g) + H2O(g)
D) 4KBrO3(s) → 3KBrO4(s) + KBr(s)
E) 2Na(s) + P(s) → Na3P(s)
Ans: D
20. Phosphine, PH3, a reactive and poisonous compound, reacts with oxygen as follows:
4PH3(g) + 8O2(g) → P4O10(s) + 6H2O(g)
If 9.2 moles of phosphine react with sufficient oxygen, how many moles of P4O10 will be
formed?
A) 4.0 moles B) 9.2 moles C) 37 moles D) 2.3 moles E) 6.0 moles
Ans: D
4PH3(g) + 8O2(g) → P4O10(s) + 6H2O(g)
If you need to make 6.5 moles of P4O10 , how many moles of PH3 would be required for
the reaction?
A) 6.5 moles B) 13 moles C) 26 moles D) 3.2 moles E) 1.6 moles
Ans: C
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22. Given that 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g), if 6.3 moles of NH3 react with
sufficient oxygen, how many moles of NO will be formed?
A) 4.0 moles B) 6.3 moles C) 6.0 moles D) 5.0 moles E) 3.2 moles
Ans: B
sufficient oxygen, how many moles of water will be formed?
A) 6.0 moles B) 4.0 moles C) 5.0 moles D) 12 moles E) 8.2 moles
Ans: D
sufficient oxygen, how many moles of H2O will be formed?
A) 4.0 B) 4.5 C) 6.0 D) 6.8 E) 5.5
Ans: D
25. Consider the reaction between sodium metal and chlorine gas to form sodium chloride
(table salt):
If 3.6 moles of chlorine react with sufficient sodium, how many grams of sodium
chloride will be formed?
A) 1.1  102 g B) 2.1  102 g C) 4.2  102 g D) 0.13 g E) 0.062 g
Ans: C
26. Consider the reaction between acetylene, C2H2, and oxygen in a welding torch:
2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
If 5.4 moles of acetylene react with sufficient oxygen, how many grams of CO2 will be
formed?
A) 2.4  102 g B) 9.5  102 g C) 4.8  102 g D) 1.5  102 g E) 0.49 g
Ans: C
27. Consider the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen gases to form water:
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)
If 8.5 moles of oxygen react with sufficient hydrogen, how many grams of water will be
formed?
A) 0.94 g B) 0.47 g C) 76 g D) 3.1  102 g E) 1.5  102 g
Ans: D
4PH3(g) + 8O2(g) → P4O10(s) + 6H2O(g)
If 15.0 g of phosphine reacts with sufficient oxygen, how many grams of P4O10 will be
formed?
A) 125 g B) 31.3 g C) 5.00  102 g D) 18.9 g E) 75.7 g
Ans: B
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29. Given that 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g), if 82.0 g of NH3 react with sufficient
oxygen, how many grams of NO will be formed?
A) 145 g B) 5.80  102 g C) 46.5 g D) 186 g E) 11.6 g
Ans: A
(table salt):
If 12.5 g of sodium react with sufficient chlorine, how many grams of sodium chloride
will be formed?
A) 15.9 g B) 31.8 g C) 63.6 g D) 4.92 g E) 9.84 g
Ans: B
31. Given that 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g), if 32.5 g of NH3 react with sufficient
oxygen, how many grams of H2O will be formed?
A) 51.6 g B) 8.60 g C) 34.4 g D) 206.4 g E) 878 g
Ans: A
32. When copper reacts with sulfur at high temperature, copper(I) sulfide is formed.
2Cu(s) + S(s) → Cu2S(s)
If the mass of the copper increases by 0.235 g, how many grams of copper reacted?
A) 0.931 g B) not enough information C) 958 g D) 15.1 g E) 0.471
Ans: A
33. When magnesium is heated in air, it reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
If the mass of the magnesium increases by 0.335 g, how many grams of magnesium
reacted?
A) 0.882 g B) 0.441 g C) 0.509 g D) 1.02 g E) not enough information
Ans: C
(table salt):
If the mass of the sodium increases by 0.500 g, how many grams of sodium reacted?
A) 0.250 g B) 0.500 g C) 0.0811 g D) 0.162 g E) 0.324 g
Ans: E
35. When a 0.525 g piece of zinc is placed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate, copper metal
and zinc sulfate are formed. Balance the equation for the reaction, and determine the
mass of copper(II) sulfate that would react with this quantity of zinc.
___ Zn(s) + ___CuSO4(aq) → ____ZnSO4(aq) + ___Cu(s)
A) 65.4 g B) 0.641 g C) 1.28 g D) 2.56 g E) 159 g
Ans: C
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36. Small amounts of oxygen gas can be produced for laboratory use by heating potassium
chlorate, which causes it to decompose by the following reaction:
___KClO3(s) → ____KCl(s) + ___O2(g) (unbalanced)
Balance the equation, and determine the mass of oxygen that will be formed if 10.0 g of
potassium chlorate decomposes.
A) 7.83 g B) 115 g C) 3.92 g D) 38.3 g E) 57.4 g
Ans: C
37. Small amounts of oxygen gas can be produced for laboratory use by heating potassium
chlorate, which causes it to decompose by the following reaction:
___KClO3(s) → ____KCl(s) + ___O2(g) (unbalanced)
Balance the equation, and determine the mass of oxygen that will be formed if 15.0 g of
potassium chlorate decomposes.
A) 11.7 g B) 57.5 g C) 173 g D) 5.88 g E) 86.1 g
Ans: D
38. When mercury(II) oxide, a red crystalline solid, is heated, it decomposes to form liquid
mercury and oxygen gas, according to the equation:
___HgO(s) → ___Hg(l) + ___O2(g) (unbalanced)
Balance the equation and determine the mass of mercury that will be formed when 12.3 g
of HgO is heated.
A) 22.8 g B) 11.4 g C) 5.70 g D) 13.3 g E) 6.64 g
Ans: B
39. When mercury(II) oxide, a red crystalline solid, is heated, it decomposes to form liquid
mercury and oxygen gas, according to the equation:
___HgO(s) → ___Hg(l) + ___O2(g) (unbalanced)
Balance the equation and determine the mass of mercury that will be formed when 15.6 g
of HgO is heated.
A) 28.9 g B) 7.22 g C) 14.4 g D) 16.9 g E) 13.2 g
Ans: C
40. When phosphorus reacts with chlorine, phosphorus trichloride is formed according to the
equation:
___P4(s) + ___Cl2(g) → ___PCl3(l) (unbalanced)
Balance the equation and determine how many grams of chlorine would be required to
react with 10.6 g of phosphorus.
A) 6.07 g B) 24.3 g C) 36.4 g D) 18.5 g E) 74.1 g
Ans: C
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equation:
Balance the equation and determine how many grams of chlorine would be required to
react with 21.2 g of phosphorus.
A) 12.1 g B) 48.6 g C) 37.0 g D) 148 g E) 72.8 g
Ans: E
42. Nitrogen and hydrogen react together to form ammonia according to the equation:
___N2(g) + ___H2(g) → ___NH3(g) (unbalanced)
Balance the equation, and determine how many grams of hydrogen would be required to
react with 25.2 g of nitrogen.
A) 1.82 g B) 3.64 g C) 5.45 g D) 1.34 g E) 0.891
Ans: C
react with 50.4 g of nitrogen.
A) 10.9 g B) 3.64 g C) 7.28 g D) 2.68 g E) 1.78 g
Ans: A
equation:
Balance the equation and determine how many grams of phosphorus would be required to
form 25.0 g of phosphorus trichloride, assuming there is sufficient chlorine available.
A) 22.6 g B) 45.1 g C) 5.64 g D) 111 g E) 90.2 g
Ans: C
equation:
Balance the equation and determine how many grams of phosphorus would be required to
form 75.0 g of phosphorus trichloride, assuming there is sufficient chlorine available.
A) 67.8 g B) 135 g C) 16.9 g D) 271 g E) 333 g
Ans: C
form 50.0 g of ammonia, assuming there is sufficient nitrogen available.
Ans: D
Page 123
form 25.0 g of ammonia, assuming there is sufficient nitrogen available.
Ans: B
48. If you have eight bicycle wheels and five frames, how many bikes could you build
(assuming that each bike requires one frame and two wheels), and what would be left
over?
A) Four bikes could be built, and nothing would be left over.
B) Four bikes could be built, and one frame would be left over.
C) Five bikes could be built, and three wheels would be left over.
D) Five bikes could be built, and nothing would be left over.
E) Three bikes could be built, and two frames would be left over.
Ans: B
49. If you wish to make sandwiches which consist of two slices of bread, one ham slice, and
three pickle slices, how many sandwiches could you make if you have 12 slices of bread,
five slices of ham, and 20 pickle slices, and what would be left over?
A) Six sandwiches could be made, and two pickle slices would be left over.
B) Four sandwiches could be made, and four slices of bread and eight pickle slices
would be left over.
C) Five sandwiches could be made, and two slices of bread and five pickle slices
would be left over.
D) Twelve sandwiches could be made, and there would be no leftovers.
E) Five sandwiches could be made, and two slices of bread and no pickle slices would
be left over.
Ans: C
50. A pamphlet requires one cover, 14 pieces of white paper, and three sheets of colored
paper. How many pamphlets could be made, and what would be left over, if there are 50
covers, 500 sheets of white paper, and 100 sheets of colored paper available?
A) 33 pamphlets could be made, and one sheet of colored paper, 38 sheets of white
paper, and 17 covers would be left over.
B) 50 pamphlets could be made, and there would be no leftovers.
C) 650 pamphlets could be made, and there would be no leftovers.
D) 34 pamphlets could be made, and 24 sheets of white paper and 16 covers would be
left over.
E) 35 pamphlets could be made, and 10 sheets of white paper and 15 covers would be
left over.
Ans: A
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51. Consider the following reaction.

CrCl3(s) + KCl(s) + 2H2SO4(l) → KCr(SO4)2(s) + 4HCl(g)
green white colorless purple colorless
solid solid liquid solid gas
When the green solid is mixed with the white solid and the colorless liquid is added, the
mixture starts to bubble and fume. When all action has stopped, a wet purple solid
containing solid white specks remains. Which substance is the limiting reactant?
A) CrCl3 B) KCl C) H2SO4 D) KCr(SO4)2 E) HCl
Ans: A

Cr2O3(s) + 3CCl4(l) → 2CrCl3(s) + 3COCl2(g)
green colorless purple colorless
solid liquid solid gas
When the green solid is mixed with the colorless liquid, the mixture starts to bubble and
fume. When all action has stopped, a dry purple solid containing solid green specks
remains. Which substance is the limiting reactant?
A) Cr2O3 B) CCl4 C) CrCl3 D) COCl2 E) there is no limiting reactant
Ans: B

Cr2O3(s) + 3CCl4(l) → 2CrCl3(s) + 3COCl2(g)
green colorless purple colorless
solid liquid solid gas
When the green solid is mixed with the colorless liquid, the mixture starts to bubble and
fume. When all action has stopped, a wet purple solid remains. Which substance is the
limiting reactant?
A) Cr2O3 B) CCl4 C) CrCl3 D) COCl2 E) there is no limiting reactant
Ans: A
54. Phosphorus trichloride can be made by the reaction:

P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) → 4PCl3(l)
What is the maximum amount of phosphorus trichloride that can be formed if 10
molecules of P4 react with 36 molecules of chlorine?
A) 4 molecules D) 24 molecules
B) 6 molecules E) 46 molecules
C) 12 molecules
Ans: D
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55. Phosphorus trichloride can be made by the reaction:

P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) → 4PCl3(l)
What is the maximum amount of phosphorus trichloride that can be formed if 15
molecules of P4 react with 42 molecules of chlorine?
C) 24 molecules
Ans: D
56. Ammonia is usually made by the reaction:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
What is the maximum amount of ammonia that can be formed if 25 molecules of nitrogen
react with 60 molecules of hydrogen?
C) 30 molecules
Ans: D
57. Ammonia is usually made by the reaction:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
What is the maximum amount of ammonia that can be formed if 30 molecules of nitrogen
react with 100 molecules of hydrogen?
C) 40 molecules
Ans: D
58. The figure shows a molecular-level diagram of reactant molecules
for the reaction: 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

List the number and formulas of the molecules that will be present after the reaction takes
place.
A) 2H2O + 6H2 + 2O2 D) 6H2O + 2H2 + O2
B) 3H2O + 5H2 + O2 E) 6H2O + 2H2
C) 4H2O + 4H2 + O2
Ans: E
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59. The figure shows a molecular-level diagram of reactant molecules
for the reaction:

2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
List the number and formulas of the molecules that will be present after the reaction takes
place.
A) 4CO2 + 2H2O D) 6CO2 + 3H2O + 3O2
B) 4CO2 + 2H2O + 2C2H2 E) 8CO2 + 4H2O + 2C2H2
C) 4CO2 + 2H2O + 2C2H2 + 5O2
Ans: E
60. Consider the reaction, N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)

The molecular image represents a mixture of N2(g) and O2(g) just before reaction occurs.
What is the limiting reactant and how much of the excess reactant remains after the
reaction is complete? The image contains 2 N2 molecules and 4 O2 molecules.
A) N2(g), 1 O2(g) D) O2(g), 1 N2(g)

B) N2(g), 2 O2(g) E) N2(g), 0 O2(g)
C) N2(g), 3 O2(g)
Ans: B
Page 127
61. Consider the reaction, N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g)

The molecular image represents a mixture of N2(g) and O2(g) just before reaction occurs.
What is the limiting reactant and how much of the excess reactant remains after the
reaction is complete? The image contains 3 N2 molecules and 9 O2 molecules.
A) N2(g), 6 O2(g) D) O2(g), 2 N2(g)

B) O2(g), 1 N2(g) E) N2(g), 7 O2(g)
C) N2(g), 3 O2(g)
Ans: C
62. Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen according to the reaction:

2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
If 12 moles of nitrogen monoxide react with 10 moles of oxygen, how many moles of
NO2 will be formed?
A) 2 moles B) 5 moles C) 6 moles D) 10 moles E) 12 moles
Ans: E
63. Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen according to the reaction:

2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
If 10 moles of nitrogen monoxide react with 4 moles of oxygen, how many moles of NO2
will be formed?
Ans: B
64. Aluminum reacts with oxygen according to the reaction:

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)
If 24 moles of aluminum react with 12 moles of oxygen, how many moles of Al2O3 will
be formed?
A) 4.0 moles B) 8.0 moles C) 6.0 moles D) 5.0 moles E) 26 moles
Ans: B
65. Aluminum reacts with oxygen according to the reaction:

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)
If 12 moles of aluminum react with 6 moles of oxygen, how many moles of Al2O3 will be
formed?
Ans: A
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66. Consider the following reaction:

3NO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2HNO3(l) + NO(g)
How many moles of NO2 are required to react with 1.50 moles of H2O to form 3.00
moles of HNO3?
A) 1.50 mol B) 3.00 mol C) 4.00 mol D) 4.50 mol E) 9.00 mol
Ans: D
67. Consider the following reaction:

3NO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2HNO3(l) + NO(g)
How many moles of the excess reactant remain if 4.00 moles of H2O and 10.00 moles of
NO2 are mixed?
A) 0.67 mol H2O D) 6.00 mol NO2
B) 2.00 mol NO2 E) 8.00 mol NO2
C) 3.33 mol H2O
Ans: A
68. Iron metal reacts with chlorine gas according to the equation:
2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g) → 2FeCl3(s)
If 35.0 g each of iron and chlorine react, how much FeCl3 will be formed?
A) 102 g B) 155 g C) 53.4 g D) 80.0 g E) 68.0 g
Ans: C
69. Iron metal reacts with chlorine gas according to the equation:
2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g) → 2FeCl3(s)
If 25.6 g each of iron and chlorine react, how much FeCl3 will be formed?
A) 74.3 g B) 113 g C) 39.0 g D) 49.5 g E) 26.0 g
Ans: C
70. In the process of obtaining lead from PbS, or galena, the galena is “roasted” (heated in
the presence of oxygen), so that the following reaction occurs:
2PbS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2PbO(s) + 2SO2(g)
If 50.0 g of PbS reacts with 25.0 g of oxygen, how many grams of PbO will be formed?
A) 116 g B) 46.6 g C) 163 g D) 69.9 g E) 93.2 g
Ans: B
71. In the process of obtaining lead from PbS, or galena, the galena is “roasted” (heated in
the presence of oxygen), so that the following reaction occurs:
2PbS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2PbO(s) + 2SO2(g)
If 35.2 g of PbS reacts with 15.5 g of oxygen, how many grams of PbO will be formed?
A) 32.8 g B) 72.1 g C) 105 g D) 65.7 g E) 49.2 g
Ans: A
Page 129
72. What mass (in grams) of SF6 should be produced by the following reaction if 7.00 g of
sulfur is mixed with 9.00 g of fluorine?
S + 3F2 → SF6
A) 24.0 B) 6.40 C) 11.6 D) 32.0 E) 16.0
Ans: C
73. If the theoretical yield for a reaction is 54.9 g, and 51.3 g are actually obtained, the
percent yield is:
A) 0.934% D) 3.60%
B) 93.4% E) not enough information given
C) 107%
Ans: B
percent yield is:
A) 0.976% D) 0.700%
B) 102% E) not enough information given
C) 97.6%
Ans: C
percent yield is:
A) 90.2% D) 111%
B) 0.902% E) not enough information given
C) 7.10%
Ans: A
76. Aluminum metal reacts with sulfuric acid according to the equation:
2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(s) + 3H2(g)
If 10.0 g of aluminum reacts with excess sulfuric acid, and 54.2 g of Al2(SO4)3 are
collected, what is the percent yield for the reaction?
A) 63.4% B) 85.5% C) 117% D) 47.1% E) not enough information given
Ans: B
77. Aluminum metal reacts with sulfuric acid according to the equation:
2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(s) + 3H2(g)
If 12.9 g of aluminum reacts with excess sulfuric acid, and 62.4 g of Al2(SO4)3 are
collected, what is the percent yield for the reaction?
A) 81.8% B) 49.5% C) 76.3% D) 131% E) not enough information given
Ans: C
Page 130
78. Iron metal reacts with hydrochloric acid as follows:

2Fe(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2FeCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
If 22.4 g of iron react with excess HCl, and 59.4 g of FeCl3 are collected, what is the
percent yield of the reaction?
A) 65.0% B) 109% C) 91.4% D) 73.0% E) not enough information given
Ans: C
79. Iron metal reacts with hydrochloric acid as follows:

2Fe(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2FeCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
If 35.6 g of iron react with excess HCl, and 98.6 g of FeCl3 are collected, what is the
percent yield of the reaction?
A) 103% B) 104% C) 95.7% D) 63.0% E) not enough information given
Ans: C
80. Which of the following processes is exothermic?

A) ice melting in a beverage
B) dry ice (solid CO2) converting to a gas at room temperature
C) evaporation of water from a mud puddle
D) burning propane in a barbeque grill
E) wax melting on the top of a burning candle
Ans: D
81. Which of the following is an exothermic process?

A) ice melting
B) water evaporating
C) boiling soup
D) condensation of water vapor
E) Ammonium thiocyanate and barium hydroxide are mixed, resulting in a decrease in
temperature of the surroundings.
Ans: D
82. Which of the following processes is endothermic?

A) burning gasoline in an internal combustion engine
B) evaporation of perspiration on your skin
C) burning wood in a fireplace
D) condensing steam on a mirror
E) hot coffee cooling down as it sits on the table
Ans: B
Page 131
83. Which of the following is an exothermic process?

A) ice melting
B) water evaporating
C) boiling soup
D) condensation of water vapor
E) Ammonium thiocyanate and barium hydroxide are mixed, resulting in a decrease in
temperature.
Ans: D
84. Which of the following processes is exothermic?

A) boiling water to make tea
B) cooking an egg
C) heating food in a microwave oven
D) an acid and base reacting together, and causing the solution to become warm
E) water in a swimming pool getting warmer in the sun
Ans: D
85. The following reaction consumes 393 kJ of heat for each mole of CO2 that reacts.
CO2(g) → C(s) + O2(g)
This reaction
A) is endothermic. D) cannot possibly occur.
B) is exothermic. E) is a synthesis reaction.
C) has a negative q.
Ans: A
86. A hot breeze may seem cool to a swimmer who has just come out of the water because
A) the evaporation of water from the swimmer's wet body absorbs heat.
B) water is a good conductor of heat.
C) water has a high specific heat.
D) water has a higher density than air.
E) condensation of moisture in the air releases heat.
Ans: A
87. Consider the following specific heats of metals.

Metal Specific Heat (J/g °C)
copper 0.377
calcium 0.656
aluminum 0.895
iron 0.448
lead 0.129
If the same amount of heat is added to 25.0 g of each of these metals, all at the same
initial temperature, which metal will have the highest final temperature?
A) copper B) calcium C) aluminum D) iron E) lead
Ans: E
Page 132
88. Consider the following specific heats of metals.

Metal Specific Heat (J/g °C)
copper 0.377
calcium 0.656
aluminum 0.895
iron 0.448
lead 0.129
If the same amount of heat is added to 50.0 g of each of these metals, all at the same
initial temperature, which metal will have the lowest final temperature?
A) copper B) calcium C) aluminum D) iron E) lead
Ans: C
89. If 75.0 J of heat energy are added to separate 25.0 g samples of gold (C = 0.129 J/goC),
silver (C = 0.234 J/goC), aluminum (C = 0.895 J/goC), chromium (C = 0.450 J/goC), and
copper (C = 0.377 J/goC), rank the metals in order from least to greatest final
temperature.
A) Au < Ag < Cu < Cr < Al
B) Al < Cr < Cu < Ag < Au
C) Au < Ag < Al < Cr < Cu
D) Cr < Cu < Al < Ag < Au
E) none of these—all final temperatures would be equal
Ans: B
90. If an equal quantity of heat is transferred to 10.0 g samples of liquid water (C = 4.184
J/gC), concrete (C = 0.88 J/gC), asphalt (C = 0.920 J/gC), glass (C = 0.84 J/gC), and
iron (C = 0.448 J/gC), rank the final temperatures of the samples from least to greatest.
A) iron < glass < concrete < asphalt < water
B) water < asphalt < concrete < glass < iron
C) asphalt < concrete < glass < iron < water
D) iron < concrete < glass < asphalt < water
E) water < concrete < asphalt < glass < iron
Ans: B
91. A carton of low-fat yogurt says it has 1.70  102 Calories. What is the equivalent amount
of energy in terms of joules?
A) 711 J B) 711,000 J C) 40,600 J D) 406 J E) 40.6 J
Ans: B
92. A can of soda has 1.50  102 Calories. Convert this energy to units of joules.
A) 628 J B) 6280 J C) 35.9 J D) 3.59  104 J E) 6.28  105 J
Ans: E
Page 133
93. A 43 g serving of a chocolate candy has 2.10  102 Calories. Convert this energy to units
of joules.
A) 879 J B) 8.79  105 J C) 50.2 J D) 5.02  104 J E) 8.79  103 J
Ans: B
94. When carbon dioxide is formed from its elements, 393.5 kJ of energy is released.
Convert this energy to units of calories.
A) 9.405  104 cal D) 1.646  103 cal
B) 94.05 cal E) 1.646  106 cal
C) 0.3935 cal
Ans: A
95. When sulfur dioxide is formed from its elements, 296.8 kJ of energy is released. Convert
this energy to units of calories.
A) 70.94 cal D) 1.242  103 cal
B) 7.094  10 cal4
E) 1.242  106 cal
C) 0.2968 cal
Ans: B
96. An energy input of 227 kJ is required to form acetylene from its elements. Convert this
energy to units of calories.
A) 9.50  102 cal D) 54.3 cal
B) 9.50  10 cal5
E) 5.43  104 cal
C) 0.227 cal
Ans: E
97. Equal masses of ice at 0°C and water at 100°C are mixed in an insulated container.
Estimate the final temperature of the mixture.
A) between 51 and 99°C D) 0°C
B) between 1 and 49°C E) 100°C
C) 50°C
Ans: B
98. How much heat energy would be needed to raise the temperature of a 15.0 g sample of
iron (C = 0.448 J/gC) from 22.0C to 100.0C?
A) 34.9 J D) 1.17  103 J
B) 672 J E) not enough information given
C) 524 J
Ans: C
Page 134
aluminum (C = 0.895 J/gC) from 22.5C to 55.0C?
A) 20.0 J D) 8.10  102 J
B) 649 J E) not enough information given
C) 725 J
Ans: B
gold (C = 0.129 J/gC) from 21.8C to 75.0C?
A) 3.10  102 J D) 90.0 J
B) 1.32  10 J 4
E) not enough information given
C) 2.20  10 J 2
Ans: C
101. What is the heat change when a 53.5 g sample of water (C = 4.184 J/gC) is cooled from
98.0C to 23.2C?
A) 1.67  104 J D) -956 J
B) -1.67  104 J E) not enough information given
C) 2.19  10 J 4
Ans: B
102. What is the heat change when a 26.8 g sample of water (C = 4.184 J/gC) is cooled from
75.6C to 22.1C?
A) 6.00  103 J D) -1.43  103 J
B) -6.00  10 J 3
C) 1.43  10 J 3
Ans: B
103. What is the heat change when a 225 g sample of olive oil (C = 1.79 J/g C) is cooled from
95.8C to 52.1C?
A) 9.83  103 J D) 1.76  104 J
B) -9.83  10 J 3
C) -1.76  104 J
Ans: C
104. A 5.00 g sample of a brownie with nuts is burned in a bomb calorimeter containing 2025
g of water. The temperature of the water increases from 23.50C to 33.47C. How much
heat, in joules, did the brownie release when it burned? (Cwater = 4.184 J/gC)
A) 1.99  105 J D) 8.45  104 J
B) 2.80  105 J E) 7.00  102 J
C) 4.92  102 J
Ans: D
Page 135
105. A 2.50 g sample of pitted prunes is burned in a bomb calorimeter containing 2110 g of
water. The temperature of the water increases from 22.50C to 25.76C. How much
heat, in joules, did the prune sample release when it burned? (Cwater = 4.184 J/gC)
A) 1.99  105 J D) 2.35  102 J
B) 2.27  105 J E) 2.69  102 J
C) 2.88  104 J
Ans: C
106. A 3.50 g sample of rice is burned in a bomb calorimeter containing 1980 g of water. The
temperature of the water increases from 22.75C to 28.88C. How much heat, in joules,
did the rice sample release when it burned? (Cwater = 4.184 J/gC)
A) 1.88  105 J D) 3.33  102 J
B) 2.39  105 J E) 4.22  102 J
C) 5.08  10 J 4
Ans: C
107. Consider the reaction, CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) q = 178.0 kJ

How much heat would be required to decompose exactly 4 mol CaCO3(s)?
A) 1780 kJ B) 712 kJ C) 178 kJ D) 44.5 kJ E) 89.0 kJ
Ans: B
108. The coefficients of a balanced equation can be understood to represent either molecules
or moles.
Ans: True
109. The coefficients of a balanced equation can be understood to represent either moles or
mass.
Ans: False
110. The number of moles of reactant molecules must always equal the number of moles of
product molecules in a balanced equation.
Ans: False
111. The limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is always the reactant which is present in the
least amount in terms of mass.
Ans: False
112. When calculating the percent yield of a reaction, the only information necessary is the
mass of the starting materials.
Ans: False
113. A calorie used by nutritionists is equal to 1000 cal or 1 kcal used by chemists.
Ans: True
Page 136
114. One calorie is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 10.0 g of
water by 1oC.
Ans: False
115. When a substance cools from a high temperature to a low temperature, its heat change
will have a negative sign.
Ans: True
116. The heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy that is needed to cause the
substance to melt.
Ans: False
117. In a bomb calorimeter, the bomb itself, the water surrounding it, and the thermometer
would be considered part of the “system.”
Ans: False
118. When fats or other foods are burned in a bomb calorimeter, the system absorbs heat, so
the reaction is endothermic.
Ans: False
119. When blue copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate is heated, it decomposes according to the
equation given below, forming light blue copper(II) sulfate and water vapor.
CuSO4·5H2O(s) → CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(g)
If a 5.00 g sample of CuSO4·5H2O is heated, how many g of CuSO4 will be formed when
the reaction is complete?
Ans: 3.20 g
120. When potassium metal is exposed to air, it forms a coating of potassium oxide, according
to the equation:
4K(s) + O2(g)→ 2K2O(s)
If a piece of potassium gains 0.354 g, assuming this gain can be attributed to the above
reaction with oxygen, what mass of oxygen reacted with the potassium?
Ans: 0.354 g O2
to the equation:
4K(s) + O2(g)→ 2K2O(s)
reaction with oxygen, what mass of potassium reacted?
Ans: 1.73 g K
Page 137
to the equation:
4K(s) + O2(g)→ 2K2O(s)
reaction with oxygen, what mass of K2O formed?
Ans: 2.08 g K2O
123. Given the unbalanced equation:

Cr(s) + Cl2(g) → CrCl3(s)
Balance the equation, and determine how many grams of chromium would be required to
react completely with 4.50 g of chlorine.
Ans: The balanced equation is: 2Cr(s) + 3Cl2(g) → 2CrCl3(s), and 2.20 g of chromium
would be required.
124. Given the equation for the combustion of octane:

2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g)
If 50.0 g of each reactant are available, how much CO2 will be formed?
Ans: 44.0 g CO2
125. An aqueous solution containing 15.0 g of NaOH is mixed with an aqueous solution
containing 15.0 g of H2SO4. Write a balanced equation for the reaction that will occur.
Ans: 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
containing 15.0 g of H2SO4. Identify the limiting reactant.
Ans: H2SO4
containing 15.0 g of H2SO4. Will the solution be acidic or basic when the reaction is
complete?
Ans: basic
128. In photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, C6H12O6,
according to the reaction:
6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) → 6O2(g) + C6H12O6(g)
How many grams of glucose can be synthesized from 117 g of CO2, assuming there is
sufficient water to react with all of the CO2?
Ans: 79.8 g C6H12O6
129. In photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, C6H12O6,
according to the reaction:
6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) → 6O2(g) + C6H12O6(g)
If 75.2 g of glucose are obtained, what is the percent yield of the reaction?
Ans: 94.2% yield
Page 138
130. The combustion of 16.0 g of methane gas produces 8.90  102 kJ of energy. Convert this
energy to units of calories.
Ans: 2.13  105 cal
131. How much heat must be added to 125 g of copper (C = 0.377 J/g C) at 25.0C to raise its
temperature to 78.4C?
Ans: 2.52  103 J
132. The heat change that accompanies the formation of 1.00 mole of CO from its elements is
-110.5 kJ/mol. What heat change would occur if 2.35 mol of CO were formed?
Ans: -2.60  102 J
133. The burning of a 2.50 g sample of cheese pizza in a bomb calorimeter gives off 2.53
 104 J of energy. If the calorimeter contains 2350 g of water, what was the temperature
change of the water? (Cwater = 4.184 J/g C)
Ans: 2.57C
Page 139

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Chapter 6: Quantities in Chemical Reactions

4. All of the following may change during a chemical reaction except

A) 16H + 10O → 16H + 10O D) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

A) 12N + 12H → 12NH D) 12N + 12H → 4NH3 + 8N

A) N2 + O2 → 2NO D) N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

A) 2N2 + 3O2 → 2N2O3 D) N2 + 3Cl2 → 2NCl3

19. Which of the following equations is balanced?

51. Consider the following reaction.

52. Consider the following reaction.

53. Consider the following reaction.

54. Phosphorus trichloride can be made by the reaction:

55. Phosphorus trichloride can be made by the reaction:

56. Ammonia is usually made by the reaction:

57. Ammonia is usually made by the reaction:

58. The figure shows a molecular-level diagram of reactant molecules

for the reaction: 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

59. The figure shows a molecular-level diagram of reactant molecules

for the reaction:

60. Consider the reaction, N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)

A) N2(g), 1 O2(g) D) O2(g), 1 N2(g)

61. Consider the reaction, N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g)

A) N2(g), 6 O2(g) D) O2(g), 2 N2(g)

62. Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen according to the reaction:

63. Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen according to the reaction:

64. Aluminum reacts with oxygen according to the reaction:

65. Aluminum reacts with oxygen according to the reaction:

66. Consider the following reaction:

67. Consider the following reaction:

78. Iron metal reacts with hydrochloric acid as follows:

79. Iron metal reacts with hydrochloric acid as follows:

80. Which of the following processes is exothermic?

81. Which of the following is an exothermic process?

82. Which of the following processes is endothermic?

83. Which of the following is an exothermic process?

84. Which of the following processes is exothermic?

87. Consider the following specific heats of metals.

88. Consider the following specific heats of metals.

107. Consider the reaction, CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) q = 178.0 kJ

123. Given the unbalanced equation:

124. Given the equation for the combustion of octane:

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