Business Partner B2+ Workbook

PDF from sachtienganhhanoi.
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PDF from sachtienganhhanoi.com
Workbook audio script
I: Tell us a bit more about empathy – is it the same

[Audio 2.01] as sympathy? And why is it important?
I = Interviewer E = Ethan E: Well, sympathy means feeling pity or
I: Welcome to WorkHacks, the podcast that compassion for someone. So, for example the
explores how ideas from the world of psychology can manager I mentioned felt sympathy for his employee
be used in the workplace. I’m your host Ethan Marks who was coming back to work after being ill and he
and today we are speaking to Mia Newton, HR wanted to make things easier for her return.
Director and Trainer. Empathy, on the other hand, is much more about
Thanks for coming in, Mia. Now you wanted to talk to putting yourself in someone else’s shoes – you know,
us about the importance of emotional intelligence for trying to gain a sense of what they are feeling and
managers, is that right? experiencing and understanding why.
E: Thanks for inviting me, Ethan. Yes, we often I: So, in the situation with the manager, what
hear about the importance of emotional intelligence difference would empathy have made?
in the workplace. But I want to focus on how it can be E: Well, for a start the manager was looking at this
of use in creating positive working relationships mainly as a practical problem. How to deal with the
between management and employees. workload for the employee’s return. He could
I: So, let’s start at the beginning. What exactly is sympathise and didn’t want her first weeks back at
emotional intelligence? work to be stressful. But he didn’t consider how

E: Well, it’s a combination of understanding and taking away projects might make her feel or how it
managing your own emotions as well as those of might impact on her colleague. So, the first step
others. So, it’s about expressing emotions would have been to talk to both members of staff
appropriately and also handling interpersonal individually to discuss the idea and see how they felt.
relationships effectively. Just because we are in a If he had done this, he would have learned that his
professional or work situation doesn’t mean that our employee was looking forward to the challenge of
emotions are turned off. We can still feel stress or coming back to work and she was excited by the
annoyance ourselves or have to deal with people projects, so when some of these were taken away
who are worried, upset or angry. and given to a colleague, she felt demotivated.
I: Can you give us a practical example? I: Don’t you think that all this talk of emotions,
E: Yes, a manager that I worked with recently had emotional intelligence and empathy is going to be
an employee who returned to work after a long difficult for some managers?
illness. What the manager did was to ask one of her E: Like all tools for the workplace, it’s about
colleagues to help by taking on some of the bigger understanding why it is useful and how to use it. It’s
projects. He was trying to make sure that her first few actually very practical and isn’t all about sitting
weeks back at work weren’t too stressful. around talking about feelings. Managers sometimes
I: And did that work? have to make hard calls. They may need to make
E: No, it went very badly. It became obvious that difficult decisions about their workforce, give difficult
the returning member of staff was unhappy and her feedback or fire people. But it is still possible to carry
colleague, who was doing some of her work, was out these actions with empathy, which will ultimately
stressed. Communication between the two lead to a better outcome. The role is about being a
colleagues became very difficult. What the manager manager of people and emotional intelligence is
failed to do was to think about how the two members about managing emotions. These two skills work well
of staff might feel about this idea before putting the together.
plans into action. After he spoke to them both he I: All very interesting, thanks, Mia. We have to stop
realised that the employee returning to work felt that there for today but Mia will be with us again next time
he didn’t trust her to do her job. At the same time, her to …
colleague was stressed because he had extra
projects to do in addition to his normal work. It didn’t
work for either person. [Audio 4.01]
I: So, it was a communication breakdown that T = Tom A = Angela
caused the problem? T: Good morning, Angela. I’m Tom Winterson from
E: I believe that the problem with communication Aztec Cyber Security Consultants. Thanks for inviting
was an effect not the cause. The real cause was that me in today.
the manager didn’t use emotional intelligence. He A: Thanks for coming, Tom. We appreciate having
didn’t stop and think about how his team members your expert advice. As you know FairWay is an
might feel about the changes he made. He acted with online retailer selling golfing products and we’ve had
kindness, but he didn’t use empathy which would reports that a number of similar organisations have
mean understanding how his actions might make experienced cyberattacks recently. This is obviously
them feel. of concern to us because we need to make sure that
our customers’ data is secure.
© 2020 Pearson PHOTOCOPIABLE 1

T: That’s understandable, Angela. We’re aware A: That’s great. Can you give me an estimate of
that a number of similar online businesses have how much this would cost? We’re a relatively new
recently experienced challenges to their security business and we don’t have a huge budget for this
systems either through hacking of customers’ like some of our larger competitors.
personal information or by a direct attack on the T: Certainly. After I’ve spoken to IT, I’ll have a
company’s computer network – and that this has clearer idea how much work is involved. I’ll drop you
disrupted sales. an email with an accurate idea of prices for each
A: That’s right. But am I correct in thinking that the stage.
main issue is that these organisations were using A: That sounds perfect, thanks Tom.
outdated security software? We’ve recently updated
the software on our computer network and we
haven’t had any security problems so far. Can I [Audio 5.01]
assume our system is pretty secure now? I = Interviewer A = Alyn
T: Unfortunately, it isn’t as simple as that, Angela. I: Welcome to Business Matters, the weekly
Cyberattackers are becoming increasingly podcast for managers. Today we’re talking to Alyn
sophisticated which means that even companies with Mitchell, an expert on relocation and what it means
up-to-date systems such as yours have had their for companies trying to retain their staff during this
online ordering systems targeted. As a result, the time. Welcome Alyn. [interjection of ‘Hello’ from Alyn]

organisations affected weren’t able to carry out sales Now, we all know how difficult it can be to retain our
transactions because their online ordering systems best staff during a relocation, so can you explain how
had come to a standstill. companies can achieve this?
A: That’s what we absolutely want to avoid. A: Well, first of all, I need to make it clear that at
Something like that could do significant damage to this point I’m not talking about relocating the whole
our brand and destroy the trust of our clients. company to another geographic location, along with
T: Exactly, that’s why it is vital not to become most of its staff. That’s much more difficult and many
complacent. The challenge for online retailers is that staff members will likely be unwilling to relocate.
the security threats are constantly changing. Today, I’m only going to focus on the deployment of
A: So, what do you suggest? If I’ve understood you key individuals who will work in another country for
correctly, it would be impossible to create a system anything from six months up to two years. Although
that’s completely safe from attack. seconding key individuals should be easier, if not
T: That’s true. So, as a first step, it would be a handled properly, the relocation can go badly wrong
good idea for us to analyse the types of cyberattacks and could lead to a valuable employee leaving the
taking place at the moment, and identify which could company altogether.
potentially pose the greatest threat to you. I: Does seconding individuals like this happen
A: How exactly will that help us if the threats keep quite often, then?
changing? A: Yes, very, in fact. In today’s global environment,
T: You’re right that no system can be completely it’s more common than ever and companies need to
safe from attack but the analysis stage will help us get it right.
categorise those risks into immediate, medium-term I: But I would have thought that the opportunity to
and long-term. Also, we use the information to make live and work in another country would be very
accurate predictions about which might cause the attractive to most people.
most damage to your particular system and that A: It’s true that it is many people’s dream, but it isn’t
allows us to minimise the risk for your company both everyone’s. However, those who do volunteer to go
now and in the future. sometimes have problems which they didn’t
A: Ah, OK, that sounds useful. And how would you anticipate. That’s why it’s important for companies to
proceed after that? understand this and ensure that mobility teams are
T: After the analysis stage, I’d take a close look at there to help the employee to get the most out of the
your current systems to see where any experience. The more a company knows about the
improvements could be recommended. employee, the better.
A: Can you give me an idea of how long that would I: What do you mean, exactly?
take? We’re obviously keen to move ahead with this A: It’s not until we consider the move from the
as soon as possible. employee’s point of view that we can understand why
T: Of course, if you could introduce me to your IT some organisations lose talent, simply because a
team, I can speak to them about some safety relocation has been badly handled. That’s where
procedures that you could use immediately. I could retention comes in. If a company wishes to keep key
then get back to you with the analysis and employees on board then it needs to deal with the
recommendations by the end of the week. How does move sensitively.
that sound? I: So, what are some of the key things a company
should consider when relocating staff?

A: Firstly, it needs to find out whether the employee [Audio 7.01]

would be moving with a partner or family and how the
move would impact each of them. Many relocations 1: All investments carry an element of risk because
have failed because the employee and his or her unfortunately, nobody can accurately predict which
family weren’t well enough prepared. sectors are going to perform best. Everyone has a
I: Yes, I can imagine. particular favourite but it’s wise to keep looking for
A: For example, there’s the story of someone who something different. In my view, you can’t go far
returned after only a month because his family wrong investing in gold. It’s a good diversifier
couldn’t find their favourite take-out food in the new because it doesn’t perform well when the outlook is
country. It sounds unbelievable, really, but if the positive and markets are going upwards, but it does
company had prepared the family properly, they come into its own when investors are wary and
would have known this before agreeing to go. And markets are more volatile. They turn to gold when
apart from the obvious things like weather, food and they’re looking to protect their capital from falling
language, there are often big cultural differences that markets. In addition, the long-term performance of
need to be addressed, too. Living in another country gold has proved to be good at protecting against
requires a certain amount of flexibility from everyone inflation.
involved. 2: If you invest too much money in one area that
I: Isn’t it expensive for a company to prepare underperforms, then this can have a significant

partners and families for the move? negative effect on your overall finances. Therefore
A: It can be, but if you’re talking about a valuable you should spread your money across different
employee, then the expense is worth it. But if an assets, for example, equities, fixed interest,
employee relocates with a partner or family and commercial property and cash. However, these
returns home very quickly, it will have been a huge investments must be in the right proportions so that
waste of money for the company. It should never they meet your own objectives and attitude to risk. I
underestimate the importance of the people closest like to use a lot of alternative investment trusts
to that employee. including things like care homes, student
I: So, wouldn’t it therefore be better to send only accommodation and renewable energy. These
single people, you know, those without any close ties infrastructure trusts have delivered strong returns in
at home? recent years although they are more sensitive to
A: No, not at all. Companies should always send political argument and changes which leads to more
the best person for the job and if an employee’s volatility. And they can be expensive.
usual support network is strong and moves with 3: While diversifying your investments, you should
them, then they can overcome difficulties together also diversify the style of fund manager. Fund
and it can be a positive experience for everyone. managers may have different views on the world and
Moreover, people who relocate alone have often the kind of company likely to perform best; one style
found it difficult to integrate and they end up feeling or another can come into its own at different points in
quite isolated and lonely. In an ideal world, the an economic cycle. For example, some managers
employee should feel able to discuss these issues invest in high-growth markets such as technology,
with HR but sometimes they might see it as a failure where stocks can be more expensive but growth is
on their part. As a result, the employee becomes often impressive. In contrast, so-called ‘value
more isolated and disaffected with their position. It investors’ buy very cheap, unloved stocks that they
can become a vicious circle. hope will do well during an economic recovery. In
I: So, a good secondment can help a company recent years, the best funds to own were those linked
retain their best staff but a poorly managed one can to high-growth technology companies. But those
achieve quite the opposite. stocks are expensive, leading to bigger potential
A: Exactly. It’s all about preparation and good losses if results are disappointing.
communication from the company’s perspective. It 4: Investors should always have a cash safety net
needs to understand all issues and have a strategy in to protect them against falling stock markets. Having
place to deal with them before the individual is this cash buffer means they won’t be forced to sell
relocated. Then it must implement a good support when prices are falling. Everybody needs some
policy for the employee who has been relocated, for savings to cover at least three to six months of
example, by providing them with a buddy or mentor personal expenditure so they can avoid taking on
to help them when they arrive. And it’s crucially expensive debt or selling their investments at the
important to get feedback while the employee is wrong time if money is needed at short notice. If
there and as soon as they return in order to address you’ve got a known spending goal in the near term,
any issues which may arise. such as a new car, then cash might be your best
option. But if your aim is to retire in a few decades
with enough to fund your life then cash is unlikely to
deliver that goal.

5: Investing is about timing but it’s so difficult to [Audio P1.04]

predict what markets are doing, that my advice is to
drip feed money into the market on a regular basis. 1 It’s not something we have time to look at today.
This takes the emotion out of investing. It also means 2 I’m not entirely sure of the answer to that question.
the price you pay for stocks and funds will average 3 I’ll respond directly to you. Is that OK?
out over time. With this approach, if investments fall 4 That question is outside the scope of today’s
in value, then units are simply bought cheaper next presentation.
time, bringing down the average purchase cost. Not 5 We need to be mindful that many people feel very
only does this ensure you don’t take too much risk, strongly about this.
but by selling investments that have done well in 6 We covered that at the beginning of the
favour of those that have done badly you’re presentation when I talked about …
effectively selling at the top of the market and buying 7 What’s the main question you have on this?
at the bottom. An investor’s ideal goal! 8 You’d be better off asking my colleague in Finance
about this issue.
Pronunciation [Audio P2.01]

[Audio P1.01] 1 What I’ll do tomorrow is to make sure the contract

1 Something’s wrong here, isn’t it? is ready.
2 Nobody’s joining us, are they? 2 It was the boring work that made him leave.
3 Please call later, will you? 3 Something they forgot to take was the latest
4 Let’s get started, shall we? version of the agreement.
5 Everyone lives in the area, don’t they? 4 What we’ll have to rethink are our conditions of
6 Nothing’s clear in this report, is it? employment.
7 We rarely ask general questions in surveys, do 5 It’s the supplier in Mexico that my boss is trying to
we? reach.
8 Someone with less time would have more of a 6 The innovation that didn’t work was the one that
problem, wouldn’t they? was most expensive.
[Audio P1.02] [Audio P2.02]

1 Participants should try to agree with each other, 1
shouldn’t they? A: Have you managed to get through to the
2 If it wasn’t too expensive, you’d go there supplier in Mexico yet?
sometimes, wouldn’t you? B: It’s my boss that’s trying to get through to them.
3 There isn’t anything like this at the moment, is 2
there? A: Have you managed to get through to the
4 It really combines convenience with healthy eating, supplier in Mexico yet?
doesn’t it? B: It’s the manufacturer in Mexico I’m trying to
5 Participants of focus groups should all be very reach.
similar, shouldn’t they? 3
6 That seems to be what we all want, doesn’t it? A: I thought they liked the ideas?
7 Let’s see if we can fix it, shall we? B: What they criticised was the lack of time to
8 We’re all looking forward to the course, aren’t we? implement them.
4
A: I think he left because of the atmosphere in the
[Audio P1.03] office, didn’t he?
1 outside the scope B: What made him leave was the boring work he
2 the main question had to do.
3 time to look at 5
4 about this issue A: He says he left because of the boring work.
5 when I talked about B: What made me leave was the atmosphere in the
6 to be mindful that office.
7 the answer to that question 6
8 Is that OK? A: They took various versions of the agreement
with them.
B: Unfortunately, the only one they forgot to take
was the latest one.


1 Have you managed to get through to the supplier in Then … try and visualise the looks on your guests’
Mexico yet? faces as they enter the ballroom and see more than
2 Have you managed to get through to the supplier in one hundred circus performers all dressed in gold.
Mexico yet? Fire acts! Acrobats! Jugglers! Trapeze artists! All
3 I thought they liked the ideas? surrounded by enormous golden urns with thousands
4 I think he left because of the atmosphere in the of flowers cascading from them. Imagine how
office, didn’t he? everyone will react to this incredible sight.
5 He says he left because of the boring work.
6 They took various versions of the agreement with
them. [Audio P4.01]
1 How many computers had been affected?
2 They still haven’t recovered.
[Audio P2.04] 3 The ransomware had been aimed at banks.
1 from your side 4 He said he’d been told.
2 you said 5 They’d chosen their targets carefully.
3 any quick wins 6 A UK plant will have been targeted.

4 your take on this
5 eye to eye
[Audio P4.02]
6 very valid 1
7 from the agenda How many computers have been affected?
8 increase the insurance How many computers had been affected?
2
They still haven’t recovered.
[Audio P2.05] They still hadn’t recovered.
1 Do you see any quick wins here? 3
2 I think both perspectives are very valid. The ransomware will be aimed at banks.
3 Let me make sure we all understood what you said. The ransomware had been aimed at banks.
4 Any reflections from your side? 4
5 We don’t really see eye to eye on this. He said he’s been told.
6 You can see from the agenda what we’re all He said he’d been told.
looking to achieve today. 5
7 We need to increase the insurance for the project. They’d chosen their targets carefully.
8 What’s your take on this, Jack? They’ve chosen their targets carefully.
6
A UK plant will have been targeted.
[Audio P3.01] A UK plant will be targeted.
1 She carried on living with her mother.
2 She managed to put some money by each month.
3 She wanted to save up before studying at [Audio P4.03]
university. 1 Before I worked in this office, I’d never worked at a
4 She didn’t want to fall behind with the rent. smart desk.
5 Her grandfather had set up a trust fund for her. 2 The virus has spread quickly.
3 I’ve never seen this kind of smart building before.
4 By the time I’d installed it, it was out of date.
[Audio P3.02] 5 I’ve worked for the company for nearly two years.
1 He set a trust fund up. 6 They thought they hadn’t been hit, but they had, in
2 He set it up. fact.
3 She wanted to save some money up. 7 They still haven’t brought the system back online.
4 The problem has come up before. 8 They hadn’t chosen random targets.
5 What if your computer breaks down? 9 I’m sure they’ll have been able to respond.
6 He wouldn’t be able to pay them back. 10 I don’t think we’ve been affected, have we?
7 They agreed to pay off his debts. 11 By the end of the day we’ll have been given all the
8 They agreed to pay them off. details.
12 They thought they’d escaped, but they haven’t.


1 1 accommodation
A: Experience isn’t the only factor we have to take 2 helpful
into account. 3 personal
B: So, to put it differently, you’re saying that my 4 development
experience didn’t matter in this case? 5 compensation
2 6 interpreter
A: I agree that you both have similar skills and 7 opportunities
abilities. 8 permanently
B: But if I follow you correctly, you mean that he 9 organisation
was the better person for the job?
3
A: I’m sorry that we weren’t able to give you the [Audio P5.03]
team leader position on this occasion. 1 Rarely does anyone I know get any really exciting
B: The fact of the matter is that I’m a little confused opportunities.
and disappointed not to have got the position. 2 Little did I know how difficult it would be to learn a
4 new language.

A: Of course, we’ve been very impressed by your 3 Never in my life have I been treated so badly by an
recent performance. employer.
B: Yes, can we talk about that for a moment? 4 Not only was the work interesting, but I also got to
5 know something of a different culture.
A: He did a very good job on the last project. 5 At no time was she offered any kind of support.
B: But are you perhaps overlooking the fact that he 6 No sooner had she arrived than she knew she’d be
asked for my assistance at several key points? happy there.
6 7 In no way am I saying that you were responsible for
A: We have a major new project coming up which what happened.
you could be involved in. 8 On no account should you sign the contract in its
B: OK, so what exactly would need to happen to present form.
move forward from here? 9 Only much later did I realise what a great
experience it had been.
10 Not only did they have to book a flight, but they
[Audio P5.01] also had to find accommodation.
culture 11 Not until he began the job did he realise it was the
process opportunity of a lifetime.
processed 12 Under no circumstances would I accept that
shipping assignment abroad.
assign
assigned
employ [Audio P6.01]
cultural 1 They must have been working late.
globalised 2 You oughtn’t to have left the company.
immigrant 3 They couldn’t have left on time.
mobilise 4 You should take the other job.
taxable 5 They can’t have known that the brand would
adopted become so popular.
assignment
seconded
taxation
employee
relocate
immigration
relocated
compensatory
globalisation

[Audio P6.05]
[Audio P6.02] 1 Considering everything that happened I’m very
1 proud of what we achieved.
They must be working late. 2 In future roles and responsibilities should be
They must have been working late. defined more clearly.
2 3 My main lesson learnt is that problems need to be
You ought to have left the company. addressed early.
You oughtn’t to have left the company. 4 With hindsight, we should have used a project
3 planning tool.
They can’t have left on time. 5 One thing I hadn’t expected was that they’d need
They couldn’t have left on time. so much guidance.
4 6 What are your thoughts on this?
You should take the other job. 7 In many ways, I think that the main problem was a
You should have taken the other job. leadership failure.
5 8 This created the problem that people had different
They couldn’t have known that the brand would versions of the schedule.
become so popular.

They can’t have known that the brand would become [Audio P7.01]
so popular.
1 two or more floors
2 four earthquakes
[Audio P6.03] 3 so always remember
1 Don’t you think we should have joined forces? 4 Do you always check?
2 We obviously couldn’t have predicted what the 5 more emergencies
results of the merger would be. 6 Is this door a fire door?
3 They could really have kept the brand name, 7 better equipment
couldn’t they? 8 for emergency use only
4 There might have been a lot of different
possibilities. [Audio P7.02]
5 They may have wanted to make use of synergy.
6 Shouldn’t you have left earlier to be on time for 1 Keep the weight of the building as light as possible.
your appointment? 2 Many buildings have to be demolished after
7 The company could actually have grown faster earthquakes.
under different ownership. 3 Buildings in the capital are more at risk than those
8 A strategic alliance might perhaps have been a in other areas.
good idea. 4 How do earthquakes affect business and the
9 Couldn’t you taken on the new role you were economy?
offered? 5 Have you ever worked in a skyscraper?
10 They can’t possibly have told you the details, 6 Fire alarms are an effective means of saving lives.
because they don’t know them themselves yet. 7 Smart systems automatically reduce risk to people
11 They must have been trying to decrease in a building.
competition, mustn’t they? 8 The lifts stop automatically at the nearest floor.
12 They say we should have solved the problem
months ago, but I can’t see how we could have. [Audio P7.03]
1 If he were a teenager today, he probably wouldn’t
[Audio P6.04] have spent his early childhood playing the violin.
1 with hindsight 2 If he hadn’t decided to pursue a graduate degree in
2 main lesson learnt economics, he wouldn’t have gravitated towards
3 roles and responsibilities uncertainty.
4 the main problem was 3 If it hadn’t been for a chance meeting, he wouldn’t
5 proud of what have revolutionised the investment industry.
6 different versions 4 If he hadn’t got interested in economics, he might
7 hadn’t expected have become a great violinist.
8 what are your 5 If he hadn’t struck up a conversation with a
stockbroker, we wouldn’t be applying his thinking to
markets today.
6 If stocks are more volatile than bonds, investors
should expect better returns.

7 If he hadn’t made a key contribution to economics, 7 If you don’t think through all the alternatives
he wouldn’t have received a Nobel Prize. carefully, you might end up regretting your decision.
8 If he hadn’t spent so much time playing baseball, 8 When you have to make an important decision, do
perhaps his interest in economics would have you think it’s better to follow your heart or your head?
developed earlier.
[Audio P8.03]
[Audio P7.04] 1 There’s no easy way to say this, so I’ll just say it.
1 2 Let’s put it on hold for a few weeks.
a teenager today 3 How do you think we can get beyond this?
playing the violin 4 Initially, it looked like a good idea, but now I’m not
2 so sure.
a graduate degree in economics 5 I don’t want to cause any hostility between us.
gravitated towards uncertainty 6 To be honest, I have an issue with the lack of
3 support we have for this.
a chance meeting 7 Future collaboration is in both of our interests.
revolutionised the investment industry 8 How will it negatively affect you?
4 9 We’d both like to find a quick resolution where we

interested in economics can keep all interests in focus.
a great violinist 10 We both have the same perspective.
5 11 We need to think about both mutual and individual
a conversation with a stockbroker gain.
to markets today 12 I’d like to get a feeling for your priorities.
6
more volatile than bonds
better returns
7
a key contribution to economics
a Nobel Prize
8
playing baseball
developed earlier
[Audio P8.01]
1 your gut feeling
2 two weeks from now
3 hire someone to help
4 follow your heart
5 the go-ahead
6 all the alternatives
7 type of store
8 a plan of action
[Audio P8.02]
1 What type of store would you like to open, and
where would you want to locate it?
2 The good news is that we’ve finally got the go-
ahead from the CEO.
3 Of course you have to analyse all the different
options, but in the end I think it’s often best to go with
your initial gut feeling.
4 Let’s all get together two weeks from now, to
evaluate what progress we’ve made.
5 There isn’t much time left, and we urgently need to
settle on a plan of action.
6 If you don’t hire someone to help you, you’ll end up
having to do all the work yourself.

Workbook answer key
11 will
Unit 1 12 shall
Vocabulary
Reading
1
1 research 1
2 target 1d
3 surveys 2a
4 groups 3e
5 size 4c
6 secondary 5f
6b
2
1 tester 2
2 respondents 1 NG
3 customer satisfaction 2F
4 researchers 3T

5 in-depth 4T
6 analysis 5 NG
7 quantitative 6F
3 3
1 desk 1, 4
2 gauge
3 impact
4 gather
Functional language
5 launch 1
6 viable 1a
2c
3c
Grammar 4b
1 5a
1c 6c
2a 7a
3e
4f 2
5b 1c
6d 2e
3f
2 4b
1 shall we 5a
2 aren’t they 6d
3 do they
4 won’t they 3
5 doesn’t it 1 Sorry, we can’t hear you very well because the
6 will we connection is bad.
2 It’s a bad line so let me just repeat your question to
3 be sure I understood.
1 is 3 If you can email me that question, I’ll respond to
2 it you directly.
3 have 4 This is a very delicate topic which we need to
4 didn’t respond to sensitively.
5 has 5 I’m afraid that question is outside the scope of
6 isn’t today’s presentation.
7 it 6 Sorry, can I just stop you there as we are pushed
8 didn’t for time.
9 aren’t
10 they

Workbook answer key
Writing Unit 2
1
1 demonstrated Vocabulary
2 half 1
3 respondents 1 nurturing
4 More than 2 isolated
5 just 3 mentoring
6 majority 4 candid
7 participants 5 feedback
8 none 6 peers
9 confirmed 7 benefits
10 the findings 8 compassionate
2 2
1e 1 cooperative
2d 2 two-way
3b 3 beneficial

4a 4 interests, heart
5g 5 call, shots
6c 6 inclusion
7f
3 Grammar
Model answer
According to the recent market research survey, the 1
new chocolate bar has not had a positive response 1b
from our product testers. Unfortunately, the majority 2c
of respondents favoured both the taste and size of 3a
the original chocolate bar, while almost none of the 4c
participants preferred the new, improved recipe. 5b
Worryingly, almost half of those surveyed believed 6a
that the new bar uses cheaper ingredients, whereas
it uses premium ingredients, increasing production 2
costs by 12 percent. Despite the fact that around a 1 The thing, Something
third of the responses suggested that customers 2 will be, is
would be happy to pay more for a better-quality 3 what, something
product, more than two thirds reported that they 4 The thing, What
would be unlikely to buy this product should the 5 was, wasn’t
current price increase. Three quarters of the testers 6 Things, The things
also raised concerns that the quality does not reflect
the luxury brand image. Interestingly, despite the 3
negative comments about the taste of the product, 1 The things that we cannot compromise on are
the findings also indicated that a quarter of the quality and reliability.
participants would be interested in seeing more 2 What one successful business did was to allow
flavours added to the current range. The survey employees to work from home.
confirmed that we need to reconsider both the 3 The areas of business that most interest graduates
improved recipe and the pricing of the product. As a are finance or consultancy.
result, we will carry out further improvements and a 4 What I will do is make sure that the work is
further round of market research before launching completed before the deadline.
the product. 5 It was a technological problem that was the cause
of the delay, not our staff.
4 6 Something that works for us is having regular
b meetings to update the team.

Workbook answer key
Listening … face-to-face meetings with the client [at] the start

of the project … regular calls to [find] out if they
1 require …
1g … arrange for a member of your team to prepare [an]
2b online survey after each project is complete [in] order
3d to check customer satisfaction.
4c Arrange follow [up] calls for customers … Speak to
5e the HR Manager next week [for] more information …
2
1 emotional 2
2 workplace Model answer
3 managers Dear Maria,
4 appropriately We are delighted that you have completed the first
5 relationships part of our training course and passed your exams
6 empathy with distinction. You are now ready to move on to the
7 understanding next part of your training. As we discussed in our
8 managing meeting yesterday, there are some areas where

improvements are required for the next part of your
3 course.
1F Firstly, you will need to attend seminars and lectures
2T more regularly so that you do not miss course
3T content. If you are not able to get to the class, we
4T expect you to let the lecturer know as soon as
possible.
Secondly, it is important that you spend more time
Functional language preparing for projects. Your written reports are good
1 but they do need to include more research. I would
1e also like to stress how important it is to hand the
2d assignments in on time. Last term, some of your
3a essays and project work were late and therefore you
4f lost marks in your end-of-term result.
5b Finally, we would like you to arrange weekly face-to-
6c face meetings with your tutor. This is in order to
discuss your progress and so that she can help you
2 with planning and with any parts of the course you
1 open, up may be finding difficult. Previous candidates have
2 check, page found this enormously helpful.
3 both, issues You have made a good start on the training course
4 to, second and we look forward to watching your progress in the
5 best, tackle next term.
6 benefits, thinking Yours sincerely,
3 3
1b C
2c
3b
Unit 3
Writing Vocabulary
1 1
… where we require improvements in team 1 withdrawn
performance for [the] next project. 2 financial
Firstly, we [would] like you to schedule … As project 3 prohibitive
leader, you need [to] check progress and 4 banking
communicate any concerns to your manager [so] 5 transfer
that problems can be solved … 6 payee
7 accounting
8 deposits

Workbook answer key
2 Functional language
1 fee
2 bill 1
3 money order 1d
4 debit card 2h
5 rent 3a
6 direct debit 4g
7 cheque 5b
8 savings 6e
7f
8c
Grammar
2
1
1 These are the reasons which warrant
1 by
2 when we considered the big picture
2 out
3 If we fail to act, then
3 by
4 The consequence of that would be
4 up
5 can see why there might be objections

5 with
6 this idea is the best opportunity
6 forward
3
2
1 action, mean C
1a
2 break down, reasons D
2a&b
3 idea, opportunity D
3b
4 should, current C
4b
5 achieve, target C
5a&b
6 backing, others D
6a
3 Writing
a 2, 5
b1 1
c 3, 4, 6 1c
2f
3e
Reading 4b
5d
1
6h
1g
7a
2b
8g
3f
4d
2
5a
Model answer
6h
Dear Sir/Madam,
7e
We are writing to express our dissatisfaction with
your service. Ten weeks ago, we ordered 2,000
2
personalised key rings to give to visitors attending a
1M
conference. We gave notice that this was a large
2F
order and that these items would need to be
3M
personalised with our company logo. We also agreed
4M
a 12 percent discount due to the size of the order.
5F
Having informed you well in advance of our
6F
requirements and receiving written confirmation that
everything was in order, we did not anticipate any
3
issues. However, we were informed on Monday that
1, 4
you will now only be able to supply 75 percent of the
order with logos. Also, the price quoted on your letter
does not include any discount. We have called your
customer services department but received no
response. We feel that you have dealt with this

Workbook answer key
matter most unprofessionally. Your actions have 2

damaged both our plans for the conference and also 1b
our trust in your company. 2a
As a potential regular customer, we request that you 3c
kindly resolve this matter immediately and also 4b
increase the discount to 25 percent to reflect the key 5c
rings which will now be supplied without a logo. 3
Unless you do this, we shall be forced to find another 1 will have advanced
supplier for all future contracts. 2 correct
We look forward to your prompt response. 3 hadn’t tested
Yours faithfully, 4 will have experienced
5 correct
3 6 will have installed
b 7 correct
8 has increased
Unit 4 Listening

Vocabulary 1
1 1T
1 threat 2F
2 weather 3F
3 temperatures 4T
4 change 5F
5 atmosphere 6T
6 demand 7T
7 environment 8F
8 difficulties
2
2 1 costs
1 extreme weather 2 cyberattacks
2 pose a threat 3 hacking
3 high temperatures 4 network
4 humid atmosphere 5 data
5 face difficulties 6 threats
6 unstable environment 7 damage
8 analyse
3 9 identify
1 production 10 systems
2 predict 11 improvements
3 embrace 12 stage
4 protect
5 sustainable 3
6 potential 1A
2N
3T
Grammar 4N
1
1 had become Functional language
2 will have become
3 has/have used 1
4 will have used 1b
5 has/have forgotten 2a
6 had forgotten 3b
7 had lived 4a
8 will have lived 5a

Workbook answer key
2 2
a 2, 3 Model answer
b 1, 5 Taking all the factors mentioned into account, there
c6 are two courses of action to improve time
management. There were many suggestions made,
3 which included hiring a consultant on a temporary
1 matter contract or using the HR department. Having
2 point considered the options, a reasonable approach
3 objectively would seem to be to use a team from HR to carry out
4 overlooking initial research. This would take place in three steps
5 elaborate and would include the following: investigating the
6 unreasonable effectiveness of our current work patterns and
7 benefits conducting consultations with all staff to discover any
8 correctly issues which employees feel might affect task
efficiency in their role. As the third step, we will
4 investigate ways to improve staff engagement, for
A: I heard that you were upset about not being example, by providing suggestion boxes or running
selected to lead the project? competitions for the best idea to improve productivity.

B: That’s right. Could you elaborate on why I wasn’t Some of the recent problems we have experienced
considered suitable? have occurred as a result of sudden changes made
A: I understand that you’re disappointed, but can we to work rotas.
look at this objectively for a moment? You haven’t yet Because these were made without giving staff
developed the management skills a role like this sufficient advance warning, there were a significant
requires. number of complaints. Therefore, I would also like to
B: Are you perhaps overlooking the fact that I recommend new procedures which would allow at
managed teams in my previous position? least three days’ notice for any changes to rotas. It
A: I get your point, but this is a very different type of would also be advisable to use online tools to
team. It would be useful for you to have further manage projects so that everyone has access to the
leadership training to help you enter into the role schedules at any given time.
confidently. Finally, I propose we carry out additional training on
B: OK, I can see the benefits of what you’re saying. time management for all employees over the next
And if I follow you correctly, you mean that if I agree three weeks.
to additional training, you’ll consider me ready to lead
a project? 3
A: The fact of the matter is that we would need to see c
how the training goes. After the course we could
discuss potential projects that might be a good fi t for
you. Unit 5
B: That doesn’t sound unreasonable. Can we discuss
some logical next steps? Vocabulary
A: Do you mean in terms of arranging the course?
Sure. Come and speak to me tomorrow and we’ll 1
look at the best way to proceed. 1 developmental
2 international
3 perspective
Writing 4 brief
5 mobility
1 6 settle
1 courses 7 claim
2 options 8 deposit
3 approach
4 investigate 2
5 recommend 1 assignment
6 advisable 2 mobilised
7 into 3 shipment
8 Consequently 4 adoption
5 taxable
6 compensatory

Workbook answer key
3 5b
Across: 6c
1 immigrant 7a
3 compensate
4 assign 3
6 process 1 link
7 relocation 2 vital
8 mobility 3 fail
4 personal
Down: 5 effect
2 globalisation 6 financial
5 ship 7 avoid
Grammar Functional language

1 1
1 a, c 1 rewarding

2 b, c 2 evidence
3 a, b 3 demonstrate
4 a, c 4 respond
5 b, c 5 excelled
6 follow
2 7 a tendency
1 should 8 room
2 have 9 improve
3 did 10 thoughts
4 are 11 achieved
5 will
6 had 2
1 One clear benefit
3 2 The obvious thing to do
1 Not until she received the letter did she believe she 3 don’t take this opportunity
had won first place. 4 In a nutshell
2 Only if we are given more information can we make 5 the worst
a decision. 6 a matter of talking
3 Little did we know that property prices were about 7 the twin benefits
to fall.
4 Under no circumstances would we consider this to 3
be an acceptable offer. a 2, 6
5 Not once did they give him any feedback on his b1
performance. c7
6 Only by finding a compromise can we guarantee d4
job security. e3
7 Seldom have we heard such a convincing f5
presentation.
8 Not only did he get an interview, but they also
offered him the job. Writing
1
Listening 1 Thanks
2 highly
1 3 beneficial
family, mentor support, loneliness, cultural issues 4 downside
5 understanding
2 6 exchange
1c 7 expectations
2b 8 Although
3c
4b

Workbook answer key
2 3 1 share
Background information: 2 2 resources
Sequence of events: 1, 3, 6, 8, 12 3 benefit
Pros and cons: 4, 5, 7, 9, 10 4 foundation
Conclusion: 11 5 turnaround
3
Model answer Grammar
Hello from Shanghai!
1
Well, here I finally am in Shanghai thanks to the
1 should / ought to
company secondment programme. It was quite a
2 could / ought to
culture shock when I got off the plane, but I’m very
3 couldn’t
excited to be here. I arrived last week and was met
4 shouldn’t
by Chao, from the office, who spoke very
5 couldn’t / can’t
good English.
6 may
He introduced me to my manager, Mr Huang. Chao
then took me to the company apartment where I’ll be
2
staying. It’s quite small, but it has everything I need. I
1 She couldn’t have expected the project to run

started work the next morning and was shown my
smoothly with such an inexperienced team.
desk in a huge open-plan office. Mr Huang
2 We ought to have discussed the merger before any
introduced me to most of the staff during the day.
decisions were made.
The work is very interesting and it’s giving me a
3 He can’t have lost his phone because he’s just
better global perspective. I’m also learning to adapt
called me from the airport.
to the different work culture. At first, I thought my
4 They shouldn’t have signed the contract without
colleagues didn’t like me, but I’ve discovered it’s
consulting their lawyer first.
because they are worried about their English – they
5 You might have forgotten to make a note of the
shouldn’t be as it’s really very good!
deadline in your diary.
The main downsides are that I don’t speak Mandarin
6 Their previous appointment must have run late as
very well and the working hours are longer than at
we were due to start this meeting ten minutes ago.
home.
However, I’m really looking forward to improving my
3
Mandarin and learning all about the local culture and
1 might have found
history. I am sure that this experience will be
2 couldn’t have written
beneficial to my career progression and I highly
3 must have agreed
recommend it to everyone.
4 can’t have gone
5 may have decided
4
6 should have responded
a
Reading
Unit 6 1
Vocabulary 1F
2B
1 3C
1 strategic 4E
2 gain 5D
3 access
4 presence 2
5 win-win 1 markets
6 outweighed 2 revenue
7 stake 3 base
8 regulatory 4 collaborative
5 differences
2 6 trust
1 shareholders 7 goals
2 joint venture 8 procedures
3 takeover 9 confidential
4 synergy
5 acquisition

Workbook answer key
3 projects, where several important deadlines were

b missed due to delayed deliveries of key materials.
With the delivery times guaranteed from our alliance
partner, we would be able to avoid a repeat of the
Functional language same mistakes. Both companies have the same
objectives and are looking to expand. Furthermore,
1
we are keen to share our skills, knowledge and
1 straight to the point
expertise to benefit both companies.
2 most concerns me
It is evident that a close working relationship can only
3 if we were to
be beneficial to both companies and we look forward
4 you be prepared
to working on even more large projects in the future.
5 potential problem
However, we are fully aware that we would need to
6 let’s figure out
have clear lines of communication and that
7 I’ll agree to set up
procedures and job roles would need to be very
8 to raise the issues
clearly defined.
9 reach a compromise
4
2
a, d, f

1 ways
2 meant
3 hindsight
4 expected Unit 7
5 foreseen
6 takeaway Vocabulary
7 in 1
8 Considering 1 thinking
9 forward 2 pose
3 measures
4 suffered
Writing 5 mitigated
1 6 solutions
1 hope 7 stock
2 discussion 8 disaster
3 lack
4 failure 2
5 clear Across:
6 result 4 are
6 potential
2 7 reduce
1 in the hope of expanding
2 is hardly any advantage Down:
3 is evident (that) there is 1 take
4 these reasons 2 minimise
5 does not appear to be 3 calculated
5 major
3
Model answer 3
We have been awarded a new contract to build 2,000 1 analysis
homes over the next two years, and due to the size 2 hazards
of the project and the need to complete it on time, we 3 manage
have been in discussions with our main supplier 4 prevent
about the possibility of a strategic alliance. Currently, 5 run
we are very close to reaching an agreement
regarding all the details of the contract and our
shared strategy.
We made the decision in the hope of both growing
the business and ensuring a smooth supply chain for
all the required materials for this project. Supply of
materials has been a huge issue on our last two

Workbook answer key
Grammar 6 arise
7 overcautious
1 8 cover
a 2, 8
b 1, 5 2
c 3, 6 1 probability
d 4, 7 2 methods
3 cause
2 4 an urgent
1c 5 identified
2b 6 radar
3a
4b 3
5a a 2, 6
6c b5
c 1, 3
3 d4
1 would wouldn’t

2 weren’t wouldn’t be
3 didn’t crash hadn’t crashed Writing
4 would be were / had been
1
5 doesn’t wouldn’t
1 involved
2 Date
Listening 3 details
4 Injuries
1 5 Analysis
a3 6 Causes
b1 7 Recommendations
c5 8 How to avoid
d2
e4 2
1 was injured
2 2 was lifting
1 predict 3 hurt
2 volatile 4 was checked
3 inflation 5 will not be
4 negative effect 6 have just filled
5 assets 7 will find
6 strong returns 8 to remind
7 fund managers
8 technology 3
9 economic recovery Model answer
10 safety net
11 spending Facts
12 emotion Person(s) involved Jack Roberts, metal worker
13 stocks
14 top Date, time and 7th July at 11.30 a.m.
location Engineering plant A
3 Full details of Jack was working on one of
c incident our new engines when he
turned round to get
something from the work
Functional language bench behind him. However,
1 he did not see a piece of
1 for equipment which had been
2 case left on the floor by another
3 time employee and he tripped
4 expect over it, hitting his head on the
5 give bench.

Workbook answer key
Injuries and When Jack fell, he twisted Grammar

treatment his ankle and also hit and cut
his head on the work bench. 1
The company nurse checked 1 making
his ankle, which had started 2 to hold
to swell up quite badly. She 3 discussing
recommended that he went 4 to consider
immediately to hospital for an 5 to speak
X-ray. Before he went, she 6 keeping
cleaned up the cut on his
head. 2
Analysis 1 taking
Causes of incident There seems to be one main 2 coming
reason for this accident: the 3 to do
fact that another employee 4 to make
had left some equipment on 5 to survive
the floor. This is against 6 having
health and safety regulations. 7 to think

Recommendations 8 not making
How to avoid it in It is clear that all staff need to 9 weighing
future be reminded of the dangers 10 creating
of leaving equipment
unattended around the plant. 3
I recommend that they 1a
receive more training on all 2a
aspects of the health and 3b
safety rules. 4a
5b
6b
7a
Unit 8 8a
Vocabulary
1 Reading
1 driving 1
2 collected 1D
3 examined 2C
4 identify 3A
5 reconsidered 4E
6 given 5B
7 monitor
2
2 1T
1 making 2F
2 forward 3T
3 gut 4F
4 pulling 5T
5 ending 6F
6 settle 7T
7 alternative
3
3 c
1 evaluate
2 implemented
3 consider Functional language
4 defined
5 criteria 1
6 constraints 1 of the matter
7 developed 2 lack of
3 personally

Workbook answer key
4 our feelings Italian would be helpful, but knowledge and

5 cloud experience of our company are more important.
6 instinct would be Yours sincerely,
7 true that Gareth Higham
8 black and white Sales & Marketing Director
9 even though
2
1 had Pronunciation
2 way
3 where
4 like
Unit 1
5 between
6 get
1.2
7 interests 1
8 issue Checking: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7
9 feeling Asking: 3, 4, 8
10 hold

3
1 shouldn’t they
Writing 2 wouldn’t you
1 3 is there
1 enable 4 doesn’t it
2 be improved 5 shouldn’t they
3 assure 6 doesn’t it
4 guarantee 7 shall we
5 view 8 aren’t we
6 consider
2
1.3
b 1
1, 4, 5, 7, 8
3
Model answer 2
Dear Mr Champeau, 1 It’s not something we have time to look at today.
Further to our discussions last week, we have 2 I’m not entirely sure of the answer to that question.
decided to set up a new Sales and Marketing office 3 I’ll respond directly to you. Is that OK?
in Rome. The Italian market is growing fast and 4 That question is outside the scope of today’s
currently it is serviced by your office in Paris. This presentation.
means that we are unable to take advantage of this 5 We need to be mindful that many people feel very
growth in the way we would like and that customers strongly about this.
often find it difficult to contact the Sales Manager if 6 We covered that at the beginning of the
they have any problems. presentation when I talked about …
The office in Rome will enable us to have a much 7 What’s the main question you have on this?
closer relationship with our Italian clients. It is 8 You’d be better off asking my colleague in Finance
important to have a presence in the country so we about this issue.
can have face-to-face contact with individual
customers. It will also allow us to work on expanding
our market share in that region.
We realise that there may be a period of
Unit 2
readjustment in the Paris office but we can assure 2.2
you that no one will be made redundant as we are
hoping to expand our market share in that area, too. 1
In view of this, we are offering a six-month 1 What I’ll do tomorrow (fall-rise) is to make sure the
secondment for two staff members from the Paris contract (fall) is ready.
office to oversee setting up the Rome office. Please 2 It was the boring work (fall) that made him leave.
let me know which of your staff may be interested 3 Something they forgot to take (fall-rise) was the
and who you would recommend. A knowledge of latest version of the agreement (fall).

Workbook answer key
4 What we’ll have to rethink (fall-rise) are our 3.3

conditions of employment (fall).
5 It’s the supplier in Mexico (fall) that my boss is 1
trying to reach. Then … / try and visualise / the looks on your guests’
6 The innovation that didn’t (fall-rise) work was the faces / as they enter the ballroom / and see more
one that was most expensive (fall). than one hundred circus performers / all dressed in
gold. / Fire acts! / Acrobats! / Jugglers! / Trapeze
3 artists! / All surrounded by enormous golden urns /
1 B: It’s my boss (fall) that’s trying to get through to with thousands of flowers / cascading from them. /
them. Imagine how everyone will react / to this incredible
2 B: It’s the manufacturer (fall) in Mexico I’m trying to sight.
reach.
3 B: What they criticised (fall-rise) was the lack of
time (fall) to implement them. Unit 4
4 B: What made him leave (fall-rise) was the boring
work (fall) he had to do. 4.2
5 B: What made me (fall-rise) leave was the
atmosphere (fall) in the office. 1

6 B: Unfortunately, the only one they forgot (fall-rise) 1 How many computers had been affected?
to take was the latest (fall) one. 2 They still haven’t recovered.
3 The ransomware had been aimed at banks.
4 He said he’d been told.
2.4 5 They’d chosen their targets carefully.
6 A UK plant will have been targeted.
1 3 1 Before I worked in this office, I’d never worked at
1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 a smart desk.
2 The virus has spread quickly.
2 3 I’ve never seen this kind of smart building before.
1 Do you see any quick wins here? 4 By the time I’d installed it, it was out of date.
2 I think both perspectives are very valid. 5 I’ve worked for the company for nearly two years.
3 Let me make sure we all understood what you said. 6 They thought they hadn’t been hit, but they had, in
4 Any reflections from your side? fact.
5 We don’t really see eye to eye on this. 7 They still haven’t brought the system back online.
6 You can see from the agenda what we’re all 8 They hadn’t chosen random targets.
looking to achieve today. 9 I’m sure they’ll have been able to respond.
7 We need to increase the insurance for the project. 10 I don’t think we’ve been affected, have we?
8 What’s your take on this, Jack? 11 By the end of the day we’ll have been given all the
details.
12 They thought they’d escaped, but they haven’t.
Unit 3
3.2 Unit 5
1
1 She carried on living with her mother. 5.1
2 She managed to put some money by each month. 1
3 She wanted to save up before studying at Oo culture process
university. processed shipping
4 She didn’t want to fall behind with the rent. oO assign assigned
5 Her grandfather had set up a trust fund for her. employ
Ooo cultural globalised
3 immigrant mobilise
1 He set a trust fund up. taxable
2 He set it up. oOo adopted assignment
3 She wanted to save some money up. seconded taxation
4 The problem has come up before.
ooO employee relocate
5 What if your computer breaks down?
ooOo immigration relocated
6 He wouldn’t be able to pay them back.
ooOoo compensatory
7 They agreed to pay off his debts.
8 They agreed to pay them off. oooOo globalisation

Workbook answer key
4 There might have been a lot of different

3 possibilities.
1 accommodation oooOo 5 They may have wanted to make use of synergy.
2 helpful Oo 6 Shouldn’t you have left earlier to be on time for
3 personal Ooo your appointment?
4 development oOoo 7 The company could actually have grown faster
5 compensation ooOo under different ownership.
6 interpreter oOoo 8 A strategic alliance might perhaps have been a
7 opportunities ooOoo good idea.
8 permanently Oooo 9 Couldn’t you have taken on the new role you were
9 organisation oooOo offered?
10 They can’t possibly have told you the details,
because they don’t know them themselves yet.
5.2 11 They must have been trying to decrease
competition, mustn’t they?
1
12 They say we should have solved the problem
1 Rarely does anyone I know get any really exciting
months ago, but I can’t see how we could have.
opportunities.

2 Little did I know how difficult it would be to learn a
new language. 6.4
3 Never in my life have I been treated so badly by an
employer. 1
4 Not only was the work interesting, but I also got to 1, 2, 4, 6, 8
know something of a different culture.
5 At no time was she offered any kind of support. 2
6 No sooner had she arrived than she knew she’d be 1 Considering everything that happened I’m very
happy there. proud of what we achieved.
7 In no way am I saying that you were responsible for 2 In future, roles and responsibilities should be
what happened. defined more clearly.
8 On no account should you sign the contract in its 3 My main lesson learnt is that problems need to be
present form. addressed early.
9 Only much later did I realise what a great 4 With hindsight, we should have used a project
experience it had been. planning tool.
10 Not only did they have to book a flight, but they 5 One thing I hadn’t expected was that they’d need
also had to find accommodation. so much guidance.
11 Not until he began the job did he realise it was the 6 What are your thoughts on this?
opportunity of a lifetime. 7 In many ways, I think that the main problem was a
12 Under no circumstances would I accept that leadership failure.
assignment abroad. 8 This created the problem that people had different
versions of the schedule.
Unit 6
Unit 7
6.2
1
7.1
1 They must have been working late. 1
2 You oughtn’t to have left the company. 1 /w/
3 They couldn’t have left on time. 2 /r/
4 You should take the other job. 3 /w/
5 They can’t have known that the brand would 4 /w/
become so popular. 5 /r/
6 /r/
3 7 /r/
1 Don’t you think we should have joined forces? 8 /r/
2 We obviously couldn’t have predicted what the
results of the merger would be. 3
3 They could really have kept the brand name, 1 Keep the weight of the building as light as possible.
couldn’t they? 2 Many buildings have to be demolished after
earthquakes.

Workbook answer key
3 Buildings in the capital are more at risk than those 5 If he hadn’t struck up a conversation with a
in other areas. stockbroker, we wouldn’t be applying his thinking to
4 How do earthquakes affect business and the markets today.
economy? 6 If stocks are more volatile than bonds, investors
5 Have you ever worked in a skyscraper? should expect better returns.
6 Fire alarms are an effective means of saving lives. 7 If he hadn’t made a key contribution to economics,
7 Smart systems automatically reduce risk to people he wouldn’t have received a Nobel Prize.
in a building. 8 If he hadn’t spent so much time playing baseball,
8 The lifts stop automatically at the nearest floor. perhaps his interest in economics would have
developed earlier.
4
1 Keep the weight_of the building_as light_as
possible.
2 Many buildings have to be demolished_after /r/ Unit 8
earthquakes.
3 Buildings_in the capital_are more /r/ at risk than 8.2
those_in_other /r/ areas.
4 How do /w/ earthquakes_affect business_and the 1

economy? 2, 3, 5, 6, 8
5 Have you /w/ ever worked_in_a skyscraper?
6 Fire /r/ alarms_are /r/ an_effective means_of 2
saving lives. 1 What type of store would you like to open, and
7 Smart systems_automatically reduce risk to where would you want to locate it?
people_in_a building. 2 The good news is that we’ve finally got the go-
8 The lifts stop_automatically at the nearest floor. ahead from the CEO.
3 Of course you have to analyse all the different
options, but in the end I think it’s often best to go with
7.2 your initial gut feeling.
4 Let’s all get together two weeks from now, to
1 evaluate what progress we’ve made.
1 If he were a teenager today, he probably wouldn’t 5 There isn’t much time left, and we urgently need to
have spent his early childhood playing the violin. settle on a plan of action.
2 If he hadn’t decided to pursue a graduate degree in 6 If you don’t hire someone to help you, you’ll end up
economics, he wouldn’t have gravitated towards having to do all the work yourself.
uncertainty. 7 If you don’t think through all the alternatives
3 If it hadn’t been for a chance meeting, he wouldn’t carefully, you might end up regretting your decision.
have revolutionised the investment industry. 8 When you have to make an important decision, do
4 If he hadn’t got interested in economics, he might you think it’s better to follow your heart or your head?
have become a great violinist.
5 If he hadn’t struck up a conversation with a
stockbroker, we wouldn’t be applying his thinking to
markets today.
6 If stocks are more volatile than bonds, investors
should expect better returns.
7 If he hadn’t made a key contribution to economics,
he wouldn’t have received a Nobel Prize.
8 If he hadn’t spent so much time playing baseball,
perhaps his interest in economics would have
developed earlier.
2
1 If he were a teenager today, he probably wouldn’t
have spent his early childhood playing the violin.
2 If he hadn’t decided to pursue a graduate degree in
economics, he wouldn’t have gravitated towards
uncertainty.
3 If it hadn’t been for a chance meeting, he wouldn’t
have revolutionised the investment industry.
4 If he hadn’t got interested in economics, he might
have become a great violinist.


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I: Tell us a bit more about empathy – is it the same

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A: Firstly, it needs to find out whether the employee [Audio 7.01]

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5: Investing is about timing but it’s so difficult to [Audio P1.04]

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Listening … face-to-face meetings with the client [at] the start

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matter most unprofessionally. Your actions have 2

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Grammar Functional language

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3 projects, where several important deadlines were

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Injuries and When Jack fell, he twisted Grammar

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4 our feelings Italian would be helpful, but knowledge and

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4 What we’ll have to rethink (fall-rise) are our 3.3

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4 There might have been a lot of different

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