QUESTIONS

G31 Aircraft General

Is the A/C Certified for Single Pilot IFR?

Yes, you can fly single pilot IFR

Is the 139 considered to have FADEC?

Not FADEC because ENG can’t shut down itself and we have a manual
control over engine (you control the governor).

Are the fuel tanks connected electrically or physically?

Both Fuel tanks are connected together. Fuel can be used to supply either
engine.

What is the fuel capacity of a single fuel tank? And how much does each
tank have unusable?
Each Fuel Tank has a capacity of 638 Kg with 8 Kg unusable per tank.
Normal fuel burn rate is 400 Kg/hr.

How much fuel cannot be used by the other tank in X-feed?

228 Kg of fuel cannot be used by other tank because it’s below the pt of
transfer.

Why do they design the tank this way so you can’t access the 228 KG’s?
They do this in order to save fuel in case of a puncture of one tank. You will
have 228 Kg still in the one tank useable with one tank punctured.

How much fuel is actually usable?

Therefore you will actually have 220 Kg of fuel available because 8 Kg is
unusable within each tank.

How many Kg is the “Unusable Fuel in Cross-feed?”

228 Kg is called unusable fuel in Cross-feed, but Actually 220 Kg usable
within this (8Kg unusable).
(This is about 30 min AEI, or 1 hr OEI)
200-220 Kg fuel burn/per engine/per hour. (440-400 Kg/hr AEO)
What type of scales can you change in the cockpit?
Can change 1013 HPA (same as Millibars) you can set inches of mercury
(29.92)
Can change ITT temp (inlet turbine temp) normally in Deg C, you can
change it into a percentage.
Can change KG of fuel in Lbs/hr of fuel

Is there any reduction in speed prior to the MGB?

No, Gearbox changes speed and direction therefore all the reduction takes
place within the MGB. No reduction GB prior to MGB

What is the RPM of the input shaft?

21000 RPM is 100% NF speed
296 RPM is Nr 100 % speed.

Can you change the Nr speed? And if yes, when?

You can not change Nr unless you are operating CAT A or for cargo hook
operations. In this case you are allowed to change to 102% Nr.

How many hydraulic circuits (stages) are installed?

2 circuits for Hydraulic.

What is a PCM and what does it contain?

PCM (Power Control Modules) containing everything except the pump
which is called HPS (Hydraulic Power Supply) located on + driven by the
MGB.

What is the normal HYD system pressure.

Pressure in the HYD system is in BAR (207 BAR). 1 BAR = 15 PSI
3 servo actuators move the swashplate through the #1 + #2 HYD Circuits
working in conjunction. Like any other helicopter you can run on one
system.

What are the 3 HPS pumps driven by and what are their associated
numbers?
The HPS #1 is on 1st stage, HPS #2 + #4 on 2nd stage. The electrical pump
is not considered to be associated with any system, as it is a stand alone.
Which system extends and retracts the landing gear?
Extension and retraction of LDG Gear is through system #2, while System
#1 is emergency LDG extension only (no emergency retraction).
Can you use the Electrical HYD pump to extend the gear?
Electrical cannot be used in the air (WOW) used only on ground to check
flight controls.

What are the 2 other HYD systems which are not connected to the 2
MAIN HYD systems?

Parking brake and the Rotor brake are two other HYD systems independent.

Why do they install a nose wheel lock on the A/C?

Nose wheel Lock is for Run on Landing.

Is there any way for a mechanic to unlock the nose wheel if he wants to
tow the A/C?
Mechanic can go directly and remove the lock from the nose gear assembly
if he wants to tow the A/C.

What are the landing gear limits?

Max 40 knots GS MAX for normal LDG + TO (called MAX Taxi speed in
RFM Page 1-7) Note: Above 20 knots nose wheel must be locked fore and
aft).
60 Knots GS MAX EMERG LDG on prepared surfaces.

At what SN did they change from AB to AW?

From SN#55 onward the designation is AW 139 no longer AB 139

Do both sides of the machine have sliding doors?

Sliding doors on both sides of the A/C.

Can you open the sliding door with the baggage compartment door
open?
You can open the sliding door with the baggage compartment doors open. It
has 2 pneumatic actuators that hold the door open.
Is there any composite material within the Forward fuselage Primary
Structure…what about the Secondary Structure?
No composites in primary structure (load carrying during flight or on
ground). Typical aeronautical construction made of aluminum. Forward
fuselage is aluminum and the canopy is a secondary structure so it’s made of
Kevlar material. They use Kevlar in order to absorb some of the energy
produced in a bird strike situation. Kevlar absorbs the energy in
deformation…the bird is the bullet and the structure will dissipate the
impact.

Center Fuselage:
Traditional structure (longerons and ribs). No fuel cells as they are located in
the back of the main cabin.

Why do they install the sponsons at a later time? And not when they
produce the main structure?
The sponsons are separate and installed later, in order to keep the weight
down during transportation from factory. Factory is in Vergiate Italy.

What are the ENG Fire walls composed of?

Fire walls are titanium and shaped in such a way as to contain part of the
exhaust collector.

Are the pilot doors jetissonable?

No, the pilot’s doors are not jetisonable. The emergency exit is through the
windows on both front pilot doors.
Are the cabin doors jetissonable?
No, the cabin doors are not jetissonable, the emergency exit is through the
cabin windows. (2 windows on the sliding doors, and 1 fixed window in pax
front row).
The sliding door-handle needs to be vertical in order to close main sliding
cabin doors. If it is a little bit off the vertical, the door won’t shut, due to the
rear pin of the sliding door being slightly out.
Make sure that the sliding door doesn’t impact the rear maintenance steps
.
How does the dog house open on the upper deck?
Dog house slides forward to reveal the engines, GB, linkages etc.

Can you open the sliding door with the work step extended?
You can’t open rear cabin doors with the work step extended.

Why does the 139 have an aft C of G problem? And how does the T/R
help counter this situation?
Engines weigh about 200 kg each. We have aft C of G problem due to the
installation since the PT6-67C mate directly with the MGB. No combining
GB. Mainly built for 212/412 series used in conjunction with a combining
GB. Engines have been rotated 180 degrees now. The exhaust is before the
inlet…so now we have a long collector that lets the exhaust exit from the
front to the back of the A/C. Increasing the weight and causing more of an
AFT C of G. To help with this the T/R is canted (pointed upward) upward to
produce vertical lift to help counter act the aft C of G problem. It is at 101
degrees not 90 degrees.

Describe some of the items found within the Rear Fuselage section.
Top side houses fire EXT bottles, back provides points for the attachment
via 6 bolts for the Tail assembly. Lower portion has 2 baggage compartment
entrances (1 is an option). Most of the avionics are located on the L and R
rear of the fuel tanks accessed through the luggage compartment.

What is the MAX Load within the Rear Fuselages Bag Compartment?
Max load is 200 Kg.

On which side does the STRAKE appear on the Tail Unit structure and
what is the STRAKES function?
Left side has air foil STRAKE used to improve the handling quality used to
reduce the collective pitch and TR thrust. It breaks the downwash of the
rotor.

Why are there 2 winglets installed on the Horizontal stabilizers?

Two Horizontal Stabilizers are attached and each has its own angle of attack
and also has winglets used to improve flight at low speeds…gets rid of the
tail shake (tail wiggle it had without them installed at low speeds with ball
centered). If you did get into this tail wiggle just get the ball out of center if
you are in a low speed bank…and only in a coordinated turn)
Why does the Vertical Fin have a canted TR? How many Degrees is the
cant?
The VERT fin is an asymmetrical airfoil and has a canted TR at 101
degree’s providing the upward lift component to help keep the Tail up.
Why did they place the two sponsons on either side of the helicopter.
There are 2 sponsons located on the side of the helicopter to reduce the drag
and save weight. The landing gear has a 2 step retraction/extension system in
order to place it into the smallest areas as possible…in order to save weight
and increase speed.

On what side is the refueling cap located?

Refuel only from Right Side of A/C

Is the 139 MR Head semi-articulated or fully articulated?

Fully articulated 5 bladed composite MR Rotor system.

What type of TR Head do we have installed on the 139 and how many
blades are installed?
4 bladed fully articulated composite TR.

Why did Agusta design the Bell cranks and push pull rods into the
cabin roof structure?
They run internally in the cabin incase of fire on the upper deck. Very smart.
No one could step on them during maintenance as well. These run all the
way back to the vertical shaft to the MR Servos.
Is the A/C certified for 3 axis or 4 axis AP operations?
3 axis is certified now, Pitch Roll Yaw…4 axis is not yet certified – Pitch
Roll Yaw and Collective. All the components on the flight controls are the
same for the 3 and 4 axis AP system. To change to the 4 Axis system, it is
only a change in the software. Everything electronic is Modular. (MAU =
Modular Avionics Unit).

Can we immediately go to the RFM Section 3 for an emergency

procedure clarification? Or do we have to look somewhere else within
the RFM?
Power check charts are different depending upon the equipment, so you have
to go from section RFM 4 to RFM section 5 entitled Optional Equipment. So
for instance if you had a particle separator installed you would go to RFM
Sect 5 to find the power check chart.
If you want to see information about the Rotor Brake problem you would go
to Sect 5 RFM and not Sect 3 (EMER + Malfunction procedures). Be care
because you will not find the EMERG procedures in Sect 3 but actually in
Sect 5 (Optional Equipment).
For example, ENG FIRE, you have to close the heating switch…you have to
go to Sect 5, supp#2 under Forced Ventilation Kit, Heating Kit. Sect 3 won’t
have this written.
You will have to know what you have installed in each A/C and change the
EMERG Checklist accordingly. The problem is that many systems are
considered to be optional.
RFM Sect 6 is the Weight and Balance
RFM Sect 7 is the system description
RFM Sect 9 is Supplement Performance Data (ie. Fuel consumption
calculations in accordance with you flight envelope, density, altitude, temp
etc.
Indicated that you will have to turn to the Supplement section in order to
find the proper EMERG procedure or proper chart.

DOORS
How many microswitches are associated with the door warnings on the
139?
On the handles for the cockpit, cabin doors, baggage and by the latches for
the nose. COCKPIT DOR, CABIN DOOR, BAG DOOR,