FOR TR.

TECH

Q. where have you worked recently and what have you learnt?
Ans. Transit inspection, layover inspection, weekly inspection, IDG servicing, Hydraulic
fluid servicing, Engine oil servicing, wheel change.
Q.ATA code related questions?
Ans: learn all ata codes
Q. where can u find part no. of any component? Ans;-IPC (ILLUSTRATED PARTS
CATAOGUE)
Q. Units and definitions of ex:-pressure (psi), specific gravity (unitless), mass (kg),
momentum (kgms-1) etc.?
Q. Modules of turbofan engines?
Ans:-
A. Fan Module
B. Intercase Module
C. High Pressure Compressor
D. Diffuser/Combustor Module
E. High Pressure Turbine
F. Low Pressure Turbine
G. Accessory Drive Gearbox

Q. Engine starting procedure from APU pneumatic air?

Ans. - Bleed air will come to starter valve. Starter will convert pneumatic energy into
rotational energy. This energy will go to accessory gearbox where horizontal shaft will
rotate the vertical shaft by bevel gear. It will rotate the HPC. HPC rotates HPT and due to
aerodynamic coupling. LPC and LPT starts to rotate. At self sustaining rpm the stater will
disengage and the engine will rotate to idle rpm.

Q. Classification and types of tools ex: - screw driver, mallet, hammer etc.?
Ans: Screw driver are classified by shape of blade, length of blade and type of blade.
Hammers are classified as Hard hammer and Soft hammer.
Hard hammers are classified by weight of the head without handle.
Soft hammers are classified by diameter of the face.

Q. Types and unit of torque wrench, formula with extension and drive of torque wrench?
Ans: type of torque wrench 1. Flexible beam 2. Rigid frame type 3.ratchet type.

Basic formula: F x L=T

With extension=Tw=Te x A/A + extension (B)
Tw is A Lever length of wrench
B - Lever length of wrench plus extension (A + extension)
Te - Required torque on bolt
Tw - Torque reading on wrench dial

Q. What is dry torque, running torque, break down torque?

Ans: Dry torque is applied without using any lubricant. Only example is Oxygen system
to prevent contamination of O2 and to prevent fire hazard also.
Wet torque is applied with using any lubricant.
Breakaway torque is defined as how much torque is required to start a part’s rotation from
a stationary position.
Running torque is the determination of how much torque is required to keep the part
rotating at a constant angular velocity once it starts rotating.

Q. Advantage of fly by wire?

Ans. • Pilot workload reduction
• The fly-by-wire system provides a more usable interface and
takes over some computations that previously would have to be
carried out by the pilots.
• Airframe safety
• By mediating the control commands, the system can ensure that
the pilot cannot put the aircraft into a state that stresses the
airframe or stalls the aircraft.
• Weight reduction
• By reducing the mechanical linkages, a significant amount of
weight (and hence fuel) is saved.
9
Q.difference b/w internal and external comb. Engines?
Ans: external comb engine is steam engine and the rest are internal comb. Engines

Q. Diff. sections of Airman or name all manuals?

Ans:
• AMM Aircraft Maintenance Manual
• TSM Trouble Shooting Manual
• AIPC Aircraft Illustrated Parts Catalogue
• ASM Aircraft Schematic Manual
• AWM Aircraft Wiring Manual
• AWL Aircraft Wiring List
• ESPM Electro Static Parts Manual

Q.precautions during refueling specially chock positions?

Ans:- some gap should be there b/w wheels and chocks.

Q.what is one thou?

Ans:- its thousands of an inch i.e 0.001”
Ans; 1/5 of 1 thou
1/5=0.20 1 thou= 0.001 or 1/1000
Put 3 zeros after the decimal i.e 0.0002 is ans.
Q.what is EASA?
Ans. EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY.

Q.what will u check while taking seals from store?

Ans:-serviceable tag,envelope sealed,correct part no.,shelf life.

Q,Different types of hydraulic systems of A320 and which one have electric pumps, and
on ground how will you energize the green system from yellow?
Ans: We have 3 systems Green, Yellow and Blue.
Green is pressurized by 2 ways
• ENG 1 EDP (engine driven pump)
• PTU (power transfer unit)
Yellow is pressurized by 4 ways
• ENG2 EDP
• PTU
• Hand Pump
• 4. Electric Pump
Blue is pressurized by 2 ways
• Electric Pump
• RAT

Q. Why do we measure fuel quantity in KGS not in LTRS?

Ans: Because KGS is weight i.e. pull of gravity which is not affected by temperature.
Whereas LTRS is volume which varies with temperature change.

Q. Definitions of following laws: - Boyles’ law states pressure is inversely proportional to

volume at constant temp.
Charles’ law states that volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant
pressure
Pascal’s law, Hooke’s law, Newton’s laws, Bernoulli’s principle?
Q. Angle of Attack, aspect ratio, Angle of Incidence?
Q. What is ram air turbine (RAT) and its functions?
Ans: RAT provides hydraulic and Electrical power at the time of power failure. A/c speed
should be more than 100 knots. Hydraulic power by variable delivery pump and electric
power by CSMG (constant speed motor generator)

Q. How do you open nose landing gear door on ground?

Ans: By pulling the handle behind it. It will be opened by gravity.
For closing switch on yellow hyd. Elec pomp it will then pressurize green system via PTU.
Lift the handle insert the locking pin and check the indication on ECAM page. (same for
MLG door)

Q.what are the different source of power for a/c?

Ans:- GPU,APU,IDG (115V, 90KVA and 400 Hz ),RAT(115V,5KVA and 400 Hz),BATT
1&2(24V,23AH)
Q.convert ¼ of a thou to inches?
Q. O-ring discarding procedure? Ans :- cut the O- ring.
Q.wheel changing procedure?
Ans: In cockpit pull the related brake fan cb, put the park brake on, placard not to operate
L/G systems and take the L/G pins and come down to install them. Check the jack should
be serviceable and of proper load. Check the new wheel tyre press and circlip. Whether
should be clear and nothing should be under or near wing surface. Remove the choke
from the wheel to be removed and place it ahead of the other wheel. Start jacking.
Depressurize the wheel. Remove the debris guard by 7/16. Remove the brake fan by
13/16. Remove the wheel cap. Remove the clamp by 3/8. Remove the cross bolts by
7/16. Remove the axle nut. Install the thread protector and remove the wheel. Check the
cond of axle and brake and then apply a thin film of grease on axle and install the new
wheel (Aeroshell 22 white color). Now same as above in reverse. Torque the main wheel
initial 220 ft lbs and final 110 ft lbs. after complete installation do a check for brake fan.

Q.basic air conditioning system and components order wise ?

Ans:- Pre conditioned air enters the primary heat exchanger where it is cooled by ram
air. Then it goes to compressor where the press and temp inc. then it goes main heat
exchanger for cooling by ram air then it goes to turbine where the energy is extracted to
rotate the comp and due to expansions air cools. Then in goes to water separator and
then to the mixture and distribution unit.
There are 2 PACKS (pneumatic air conditioning kit). Air cond controlled by 2 comp.
ACSC1 AND ACSC2 (air conditioning system controller). And press is controlled by CPC1
AND CPC2 (cabin press. controller). 1 outflow valve and 2 safety valves.

Q.function of IDG and why it is called so?

Ans: Integrated drive generator, it is called integrated bcoz constant speed motor and
generator coupled together as a single unit. It rotates on constant RPM ir-respective of
engine rpm.it gives 115V,90KVA and 400 Hz
Q.why NITROGEN is used in tyres ?
Ans: higher operating temp. , inert gas, prevents fire hazard and corrosion
Q.basic aerodynamics?
Q.Indigo’s recent activity ,fleet and future plans esp. related to international opertation.
Ans: currently indigo fleet is 60 the latest aircraft is IFF and the latest base started is
Chandigarh IXC and indigo expanding internationally also.first flight was from delhi to
guwahati via imphal on 4 august 2006
Q. What is the angle of Philips screw driver ?
Q. FLAPS operation and principle.
Ans: flaps and slats are high lift devices. In A320 2 flaps and 5 slats on each wing. Foeler
flap. Slats and fowler flap inc the camber and the slot prevents boundary layer separation.
Q. Explain RVSM. (Reduced Vertical Separation Minima)
Ans: it is the vertical distance bw 2 a/c. normally it is 2000 ft as per CAR for non RVSM
but if RVSM certified than it gets reduced to 1000 ft.
FOR JR. TECH

Q .WHEN TO UPLIFT ENGINE OIL? WHY NOT AS SOON AS ENGINE SHUT DOWN
OR AFTER 2 HRS?
Ans: oil to be uplifted after 5 mins of engine shutdown and before 60 mins of post engine
shutdown. To prevent overservicing of the system.
After 2 hrs a dry crank ha s to be performed and after 10 hrs dry crank followed by an idle
run up for 15 mins

Q.NOSE WHEEL STEERING IS CONNECTED TO WHICH HYD SYSTEM AND IF

YELLOW HYD SYSTEM FAILS ,CAN U STEER THE AIRCRAFT?

(ANS: yellow and if it fails we ca’t steer the aircraft)

Q.COMPUTER RELATED TO LANDING GEAR AND FLIGHT CONTROLS?
Ans: LGCIU 1n2 landing gear control interface unit location 90vu
For flight controls location 80vu
• ELAC elevator aileron computer
• FAC flight augmentation computer
• SEC spoiler elevator computer
• SFCC slat flap control computer
• FCDCflight control data concentrators
• FMGC flight management guidance computer

Q.WHAT IS LRU? AND NAME ANY 5 LRUS IN ENIGNE?

Ans: line replacable units. 5 lru’s of engine fuel pump, oil pump, hyd pump, starter, fuel
metering unit etc.

Q.TAXI LIGHT CHANGING PRECAUTIONS?

Ans: c/b pulled out and not to touch the lamp or filament by bare hands use only gloves
or holder bcoz skin oils reduce the life of lamp
Q.WHAT WILL BE YOUR ACTION IF FUEL IS SPILLED ON GROUND?
Ans: area must be cleaned immediately and ready for passenger evacuation.
Q.TAXING PROCEDURE IS GIVEN WHERE? (ANS: ATA 9)

Q.AFTER BRAKE CHANGE ,WHAT TEST WILL U PERFORM?

Ans: test for normal , alternate and parking brake for normal operation and no hydraulic
leak.
Q.TYPES OF BRAKES USED IN A 320? (CARBON BRAKES)

Q.WHAT TYPE OF JACK DO WE USE? (AXLE JACK)

Q.DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRAKING SYSTEMS LIKE NORMAL BRAKING,
ALTERNATE, ANTI-SKID SYSTEM . (GREEN N yellow)

Q.HOW APU GENERATE CONSTANT FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL POWER EVEN

THOUGH IT DOESNOT HAVE CSD?
Ans: It has ECB (electronic control box) it controls the fuel flow according to the varying
load on it.

• Which hydraulic system have electric pump?

Ans: blue and yellow
7. How to pressurize green system on ground?
Ans: switch on the yellow elec pump and via ptu green will also get pressurized.

FOR JUNIOR TECH (:- as on 20/12/2011)

Q. There are 3 lights for each tank on the fuel panel, why are they for? What if the 3 lights
are not illuminating?
Ans: high level sensors
Q. where are the sensors of fuel tank situated?
Ans: top most point of tank
Q. How to open the CARGO DOORS when AIRCRAFT IS DEAD with no supply. In
manual opening how many persons r needed?
Ans: open yellow hyd panel install the handle. 2 persons are needed 1 will hold the
selector valve in open position and the other 1 will pump.
Q. What will u do when there is bird strike in engine?
Ans: inform the AME. Boroscopic inspctn to be carried out.
Q.How fan blade numbering done?
Ans: on the retainer ring no. 1 2 3 are engraved clockwise.
Q. fan blade numbering in which direction ? how many fan blade no. are written & where?

Q.Final Torque of nose wheel n why initial torque is more than final torque?
Ans: initial is 160 final 80ft lbs. initial is more to set the bearings.
Q.How many APU ignitor plugs in APS 3200,their location n y only one changed at a
time?
Ans: 2 igniter plugs 120 degree and 270 degree. And 1 is only changd at a time to inc the
reliability of apu.
Q. When manually operating cargo door by hand pump and flaps in no 2 position..will flap
operation take place??? If no why???
Ans: no. due to PTU inhibition logic which will denergise the PTU solenoid which will
prevent the green system to get pressurized and we require press of all 3 hyd sytems. So
the flaps will not move.

Q. What if we forget to check engine oil quantity? (ANS: give engine the DRY
MOTORING).
Q. What are the fuelling precautions?

FOR JUNIOR TECH. (as on 2jan. 2012)

Questions:
1. difference b/w MCD n MMCD.
3. What r the diff. types of Drag ?
4. IAE engine fan blade construction. (ANS: made of titanium and have honeycomb
structure )

5. What are the diff. b/w CFM n IAE engines? (ANS: CFM engine’s fan blades r HOLLOW
while IAE engine fan blades hv honeycomb str.)?
6. What is Fan Trim Air? (ANS: when any FOD occurs, then the disturbed air get enters
to the compressor)

7. Which type of oil we use? (MOBIL JET OIL II, MIL-L-5606)

8. When (time after engine shutdown) to uplift engine oil?

9. Torque of Main Wheel n Nose Wheel ? (220,110ft lbs 160,80ftlbs)

10. What is FAP n upto what it can maintain the cabin temp.? (FORWARD ATTENDENT
PANEL, +_ 2.5 Celsius)
(as on 05/01/2012)

• What is SMR ? (ANS: scheduled maintenance report. It gives engine health status n
shall be taken out at 450 FH. To have it on the both FADECs.)
• What is ATA33 (ANS: lights)
• If yellow electric pump is not working and in stores only blue electric pump is
available. What u’ll do ? (ANS: Both pumps r having the same part no. so will install
the available pump.)
• What r the four conditions when PTU gets inhibited? (ANS: 1. When nose wheel
steering is disconnected by TOW PIN. 2Parking brakes ON. 3. One engine running.
(it happens bcz. By this PTU Solenoid gets deenergize.) )

5.What is the SOCKET size of mounting bolt of BRAKES? (¾ inch).

6. What is the latest problem INDIGO is facing with wheels ?(ANS : Tie bolts found
missing or broken).

7.Starter is a part of ? (ANS: gear box).

8.How many Fan blades n L.P turbine blades ? (ANS: 22, 89)

9.What is SPECIFIC GRAVITY? (ANS: specific gravity is calculated by comparing the

weight of a definite volume of the given substance with the weight of an equal volume of
water.) 10.Which hydraulics sys. have the electric pump. What is similarity n difference
b/w them ? (ANS : yellow n blue. Similarity is in PART NO. n difference is electric pump
is the main pump of BLUE, while not of YELLOW whose main pump is EDP).

• What is MOMENTUM ? (ANS: Bodies in motion have the property called

momentum.
A body that has great momentum has a strong tendency to remain in motion and is
therefore hard to stop. When a force acts upon a body, the momentum of that body is
changed. The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the applied force. The
momentum of a body is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity.
Momentum=mass x velocity . Now if a force is applied, the momentum changes at a rate
equal to the force or: F=rate of change of momentum).
(as on 10/01/2012)

• Oil requirement in ETOPS aircraft.

• TPG days, what is the special DGCA requirement of TPG?
• Indigo 600 hours were 750 hours earlier. Why company have changed these 750
hours inspection to 600 hours ?
• How many leg reports can be saved by CFDIU (Centralized Fault Display Interface
Unit). ANS: 64
• Starter servicing tools.
• What is your qualification now ?
• If we shifted u in planning deptt., any problem ?
• Name an engineer of Indigo who is well known to u .

(as on 27/02/2012)

1.Why IDG is called INTEGRATED, its power supply.

2.How we get constant power from APU, even if there is no CSD ?
3. Classification of SCREW DRIVERS, MALLET ?
4. Bouzer gives fuel in what unit, how to convert liters into kgs? What is SPECIFIC
GRAVITY, and its unit ?
4.Why we require fuel in kgs ?
5. Main wheel change procedure , torque given .., why initial torque is required?
6. What u vl check b4 issuing d TORQUE WRENCH ?
7. Initially during fuelling, which tank fills 1 st

1. How screw driver are classified by?

→ Screw driver are classified by its shape, type of blade and blade length.
2. Mallet hammer is classified by?
→ Mallet is classified by the material of the head.
3. Which manual gives part no of ‘O’ ring?
→ Illustrated Part Catalogue (IPC) has part number of ‘O’ ring.
4. APU has no IDG, but it produces constant voltage. Why?
→ APU has governing system. Once the acceleration cycle has been completed, any
variation in engine speed from the selected speed will be sensed by the governor
flyweights and will result in increase or decrease flyweight force. This change in flyweight
force will cause the governor valve to either open or close, which will then be reflected by
the change in fuel flow necessary to re-establish the proper speed when the fuel control
unit is governing. The valve will be maintained in regulating position.
5. Which type of fuel is used in today’s aircraft?
→ Jet A-1 is used in today’s aircraft.
6. What is the unit of torque?
→ In Metric system (SI) : Nm.
British or English unit: lb-ft.
7. What are the gas pressure laws?
→ There are two gas pressure laws:
i. Boyle’s law: It states that the volume of a definite quantity of dry gas is inversely
proportional to the pressure at constant temperature.
When T is constant.
ii. Charles’s law: It states that volume occupied by any sample of gas at a constant
pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
When P is constant.
8. What is specified by Chapter 32 of ATA-100 codes?
→ Landing gear.
9. What is the Newton’s second law of motion?
→ The acceleration of a body is parallel and directly proportional to the net force F
and inversely proportional to the mass m. i.e.
a = F/m
=> F = ma
Another statement:
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the applied
force and it takes place in the direction of the applied force.
10. What is Dutch roll?
→ A couple oscillation about an airplane’s lateral and vertical axes. An undesirable,
low amplitude oscillation about both the yaw and roll axes that affects many swept wing
airplanes. Dutch roll is minimized by the use of a yaw damper.
11. What is compressor shaft?
→ It is the core portion of compressor section to which disks are attached to provide
the space point of blade.
The shaft to which compressor stages are connected and that connects the
compressor section to the turbines through which the power extracted by turbines are
delivered to drive the compressor and accessories.
12. Unit of specific gravity. Why it is dimensionless?
→ It is the ratio of the density (mass per unit volume) of a substance to the density of
a reference substance. The reference substance is nearly always water for liquids or air
for gases. Temperature of water & substance are normally kept at 4 OC. The ratio of two
quantities with the same dimensions is dimensionless.
13. Why fuel is taken in kg not in litre?
→ BTU per pound is constant regardless of fuel temperature while BTU per unit
volume is not.
14. Define Pythagoras theory.
→ In right angle triangle, the square of the hypotenuse (side opposite to the right
angle) is equal to the sum of the square of the other two sides.
15. Starter Generator in Jet Engine.
→ These starting system use a combination of starter-generator which operates as a
starter motor to drive the engine during starting; and after the engine has reached a self-
sustaining speed, operates as a generator to supply the electrical system power. The
starter-generator unit is basically a shunt generator with an additional heavy series
winding. Thus series winding is electrically connected to produce a strong field and
resulting high torque for starting.
Starter-generator units are desirable from an economic stand point, since one unit
performs the functions of both starter and generator. Additionally total weight of starting
system component is reduced and fewer spare parts are required.
16. Thrust produced by CFM56-5B.
→ Thrust produced by CFM56-5B is 32,000 lbs.
Thrust of CFM56-5B ranges from 21,600 lbs. to 32,000 lbs. flat rated to
temperature up to 30OC (86OF) to 45OC (113OF).
17. Formula of torque wrench with extension.
→ Tw =
Tw = Torque reading on wrench dial.
Te = Required torque on bolt
A = Lever length of wrench
B = Lever length of wrench plus extension
18. 1/1000 is equal to what?
→ 1/1000 is equal to 0.001.
19. How engine starts with bleed air from APU?
→
• APU has electric starter.
• APU is started with the help of GPU.
• As APU starts, bleed is taken for APU and ducted to engine pneumatic starter
through starter shut-off valve.
• Engine pneumatic starter converts pneumatic energy into mechanical energy.
• As pneumatic starter rotates, it turns the AGB by mechanical means.
• AGB turns TGB.
• TGB turns N2 rotor (HPT) through horizontal driveshaft.
• After getting sufficient speed of N2 & N1 gets start (due to aerodynamic coupling).
• In combustion chamber fuel/air mix and combustion take place, then fuel/air
mixture burns and exit from exhaust.
20. What is ATA-25?
→ Equipment/Furnishing.
21. Which manual is used in case of –?
→ i. Snag - TSM (Troubleshooting Manual)
ii. Component fitting – AMM
iii. Component removal – AMM
22. Anti-Skid system.
→ An electro-hydraulic system in an airplanes power break system that senses the
deceleration rate of every main landing wheel. If any wheel decelerate too rapidly the
system reduces braking pressure and then re-applies at a slightly lower value.
Anti-skid system of modern airliner perform four functions:
 • Normal anti-skid control (Brake pressure is relieved if too rapid deceleration or
impending skid is detected, the higher the rate of deceleration, the more the
brake pressure relieved.)
• Locked wheel skid control (prevent wheels from locking while landing on wet or
icy runway by completely releasing the brake pressure for a time period longer
than Normal anti-skid control function.)
• Touch down protection (Prevent the brakes from being accidentally applied
before touchdown and allowing to wheel to gain some rotational speed before
wheels come in contact with runway surface. Braking system is activated only
when landing gear squat switch informs complete load on main landing gear
and wheel rotational speed is sensed to be above 15-20 mph.)
• Fail-safe protection (If failure occurs in any system component, the anti-skid
device is deactivated and switched automatically to complete manual mode
with an indicating light illuminated in the cockpit.)
23. What is fuelling procedure and its precaution?
→ There are two basic procedure when fuelling an aircraft. Smaller aircraft are fuelled
by the over-the-wing method. This method uses the fuel hose to fill through fuelling ports
on the top of the wing. The method used for larger aircraft is the single point fuelling
system. This type of fuelling system uses receptacles in the bottom leading edge of the
wing, which is used to fill all the tank from this one point. This decrease the time it takes
to reduce the aircraft, limits contamination and reduces the chance of static electricity
igniting the fuel.
Precaution while fuelling:
• Place the chocks. Chocks should be little away from wheel because weight of
aircraft settles down as fuelling proceeds and it will be hard to remove the chock
after fuelling.
• Proper electric bonding must be there:
i. Aircraft to ground.
ii. Vehicle to ground.
iii. Vehicle to aircraft.
iv. Nozzle to wing structure.
• Do not refuel if brakes are very hot.
• Do not operate weather radar within 500 ft.
• Do not operate any electrical switches when the fuelling is ON.
• Do not use any tool which can generate sparks.
• If GPU is used, should be more than 6 meter away from fuelling zone.
• Fuelling should be stopped during
a. During severe lightning disturbances.
b. In case of fuel spillage.
c. During heavy rain, if over wing fuelling is used.
d. An aircraft manoeuvres to bring its jet exhaust within 43 meters from the fuelling
point.
• Positioning of fire extinguisher must be there.
24. How many spoilers are there in Airbus A-321?
→ 5 spoilers each side.
25. How does trimmable horizontal stabilizer works?
→ The THS is moved and held by a THS actuator that includes a double load-path
ball screw powered by two differentially couple hydraulic motor mechanically servo-
controlled.
The purpose of THS is to assist in maintaining longitudinal stability.
26. Define - Dry torque, We torque, Continuous torque, Breakdown torque,
Running torque, Breakaway torque, Run-down torque.
→ Dry torque is torqueing without lubricant/compound between the surfaces torqued.
Wet torque is torqueing using a lubricant/compound.
Continuous torque is torque in one direction motion continuously until desired
torque achieved.
Breakdown torque is the maximum value of torque permitted.
Running torque is the amount of torque needed to keep a load moving
Breakaway torque is the amount of torque needed to initially move the load
Rundown torque is the torque to overcome the mechanical locking of the nut, when
your turns the nut down the screw thread.

Pressure: The amount of force acting on a specific amount of surface area. Pressure is
measured either in psi, mm of Hg, and inches of Hg, milibar or Pascal.
Work: The amount of energy transferred by a force.
Work = Force x Distance.
Power: It is defined as the rate at which work is done upon an object.
Power = Work/Time
Density: The weight of a substance per unit volume.
Energy: The capacity of a physical system to perform work, there are two type of energy,
kinetic and potential.
Force: Force is a push or pull in linear direction that causes or tends to cause a body to
change its state of motion.
Units:
Pressure – PSI, Pascal (Pa), N/m2, Bar
1 Bar = 14.5 psi
1 psi = 6.890 KPa
Work – Foot pound, Nm or Joule
Power – Joule/Sec or Watt
Density – lb/ft3 (in English)
g/cm3 (in Metric)
Energy – Joule, Nm
27. What is Archimedes principle?
→ Object immersed in a fluid has an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced by the object.
28. What is Kinetic and Potential energy?
→ Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its motion.
K.E. = ½ mv2
 Potential energy is the energy stored in a body or in a system due to its position in
a force field or due to its configuration.
29. Tell about Bernoulli’s theory.
→ The sum of the magnitude of the fluid pressure, kinetic energy density and potential
energy density at a given time remain constant.
P + ½ ρv2 + ρgh = constant
In other words, the sum of kinetic and potential energy remains constant.
30. Define centre of pressure.
→ The centre of pressure is the point on a body where the total sum of a pressure
field acts, causing a force and no moment about that point.
31. Define angle of incidence.
→ Angle of incidence is the angle between the aircraft’s longitudinal axis and the
chord of the wing. The angle of incidence is the angle at which the wing is fixed to the
aircraft’s fuselage.
32. What is Boundary Layer?
→ The boundary layer is the part of the flow close to the wing.
The boundary layer is a very thin layer of air flowing over the surface of the aircraft,
wing or airfoil. The molecules directly touching the surface of the wing are virtually
motionless.
33. What is slip stream?
→ The stream of air driven back by the propeller.
34. Lead acid and Ni-Cd charging method.
→ Passing direct current through the battery in a direction opposite to that of the
discharge current may charge a storage battery. Battery is charged by either the constant
voltage or constant current method. IN a constant voltage method, a motor generator set
with a constant regulated voltage force the current through the battery. In this method,
the current at the start of the process in high, but automatically taper off the constant
voltage method requires less time and supervision than does the constant current
method.
In constant current method, the current remains almost constant during the entire
charging process. This method requires a longer time to charge a battery fully and forward
the end of the process, present the danger of overcharging, if care is not exerted.
In the aircraft, the storage battery is charged by DC from the aircraft generator
system. This method of charging is the constant voltage method.
35. Jacking procedure of aircraft.
→
• Consult applicable aircraft manufacturer’s maintenance instruction.
• Jack inspected for specific lifting capacity, proper functioning of safety locks,
condition of pins, general serviceability.
• All work stand should be removed from under aircraft or near the aircraft.
• Aircraft must be on level position.
• Aircraft jacking points perfectly centred to prevent them from cocking when the
aircraft is raised.
• All jacks should be raised equally.
36. Parts of hammer
→

37. What is soft face and hard face hammer?

→ A hard hammer is one that is made of carbon steel and forged to shape and size.
It is heat treated to make the striking face hard. A soft hammer may have the entire head
made of a soft metal such as lead, Babbitt, copper or brass. Soft faced hammer have only
their striking surface made of plastic, rubber, rawhide. The faces are either damped or
press fitted on the metal hammer head.
38. Define Reed and Prince Screwdriver.
→ The two types of recessed head screws in common use are the Phillips and reed
& prince. Reed & Prince recessed head forms a perfect cross. Since the Phillips screw
has a slightly larger centre in the cross, the Phillips screwdriver is blunt on the end. The
Phillips screwdriver is not interchangeable with the reed & prince.
39. Type of torque wrench.
→ a. Flexible beam.
b. Rigid frame
c. Ratchet
Torque wrench are classified by (or I will ask for torque wrench from the store by
mentioning)
• Type of torque wrench
• Type of drive &
• Range of torque
40. How many stress are imposed on aircraft?
→ Total five forces acts on aircraft.
a. Tension
b. Compression
c. Torsion
d. Shear
e. Bending
41. What is battery rating?
→ Battery rating measured in Ah.
42. What is IPC?
→ Illustrated Parts Catalogue or IPC is a catalogue that presents component
breakdown of structure and equipment in disassembly sequence. Also included are
exploded views or cutaway illustration for all parts and equipment manufactured by
aircraft manufacturer.
43. How chocks are placed?
→ Chocks should be placed little away from the wheel.
44. How we get lift?
→ Aircraft fly as a result of Bernoulli’s principle, which say that if air speeds up, the
pressure is lowered. Thus a wing generates lift because air goes faster over the top
creating a region of low pressure and thus lifts.
45. In which unit do fuel companies supply fuel?
→ In litre.
46. Convert litre into kg.
→ Litre x specific gravity = kg.
47. How will you calculate fuel’s specific gravity?
→ Specific gravity =
48. Define Brayton cycle.
→ The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the working principle
of the gas turbine engine.
The Brayton cycle is a constant pressure cycle. It is also sometimes referred to as
Joule cycle.
49. Differentiate between hydraulic and engine oil.
→ Hydraulic Lubricating oil
Energy transfer Lubrication
Mineral base Synthetic base
Type IV Type II
Low density High density
50. Use and figure of crows foot spanner?
→ A very short wrench or a box spanner that can be coupled to a rod from its side.
This spanner is used at a very restrictive place and may be turned by a flex or turn over
handle.
51. What is IDG?
→ This is a combination of Constant Speed Drive (CSD) and a generator.
52. Types of corrosion.
→ Direct chemical attack & Electro-chemical attack.
In both types of corrosion the metal is converted into a metallic compound such as
an oxide, hydroxide or sulphate.
Forms of corrosion – Surface corrosion, Dissimilar metal corrosion, Intergranular
corrosion, Stress corrosion, Fretting corrosion.
53. Define Hot and Hung start.
→ Hot Start: A hot start occurs when the engine starts, but the EGT exceeds specified
limits. This is usually caused by an excessively rich fuel/air mixture entering the
combustion chamber. This condition can be caused by either too much fuel or not enough
airflow. The fuel to the engine should be shut off immediately.
False or Hang start: False or hung start occurs when the engine starts normally,
but the rpm remain at some low value rather than increasing the normal starting rpm. This
is often the result of insufficient power to the starter or the starter cutting off before the
engine starts self-accelerating. In this case, the engine should be shut down.
54. Standard Maintenance Procedure is given in which ATA code?
→ ATA-20
55. Engine starting procedure.
→ Before starting, all protective covers and air inlet duct covers should be removed.
If possible, the aircraft should be headed into the wind to obtain better cooling, faster
starting and smoother engine performance.
• Place the power lever in the idle position.
• Turn the fuel boost pump switch on.
 • A fuel inlet pressure indicator reading ensures fuel is being delivered to engine fuel
pump inlet.
• Turn engine starter switch on.
• Turn ignition switch on (this is usually accomplished by moving the start lever
toward the ON position.)
• Move the start lever to idle or start position this will start fuel flow into the engine.
• Engine start (light off) is indicated by a rise in EGT.
• Check rotation of fan or N1.
• Check proper oil pressure.
• Turn engine starter switch off at proper speeds.
• After engine stabilizes at idle, ensure that none of the engine limits are exceeded.
56. Bearing setting torque in tire removal given in which manual?
→ As per AMM.
57. Document on board the aircraft.
→
• C of R
• C of A
• RT license
• CRS, issued after A check or higher check
• Weight & Balance schedule
• MEL
• Insurance certificate
• Noise certificate
• Special security/Anti sabotage check schedule
• Operator permit
• ARA if applicable
• Technical log sheet (issued after A/higher checks)
• Aircraft cockpit and cabin emergency list
• Special inspection schedule
58. Chapter 20 of ATA.
→ Standard Maintenance Procedure.
59. ATA code 8 is.
→ ATA code 8 is Weight & Balance.
60. Difference between mass and weight.
→ Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object.
Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity acting on the mass of an object.
61. Define momentum.
→ The tendency of a body to continue in motion after being place in motion. There
are two kind of momentum
(i) Linear (ii) Angular
It is defined as the product mass of a body times its velocity.
Momentum = mass x velocity
62. 1” = ? 1 kg = ?
→ 1” = 2.54 cm
1 Kg = 2.2046 pound.
63. Quarter of one thousand (thow)?
→ 1/1000 x ¼ = 0.00025
64. Define density, energy and viscosity.
→ Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume at a stated temperature.
Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work.
Viscosity is property of fluids that causes them to resist flowing as a result of
internal friction from the fluids molecules moving against each other.
65. What is moment?
→ The moment is the product of the weight of an item multiplied by its arm. Moments
are expressed in pound-inches (lb-in) or meter-kg.
66. Difference between AMM and CMM.
→ The manufacturer’s aircraft maintenance manual contains complete instruction for
maintenance of all system and components installed in the aircraft.
Component Maintenance Manual is a document created by the original equipment
manufacturers for an aircraft line replaceable unit, has exploded image of component
along with part no.
67. Define humidity and relative humidity.
→ Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the air.
Relative humidity is the actual amount of moisture in the air compared to the total
amount that could be present at that temperature.
68. What is UNC and UNF thread.
→ UNC is American Standard Unified Coarse.
UNF is American Standard Unified Fine

NC is American National Coarse

NF is American National Fine

There is one difference between the American National series and the American
Standard Unified series. In 1-inch diameter size, the NF thread specified 14 thread per
inch (1-14 NF) while the UNF thread specifies 12 thread per inch (1-12 UNF).
69. What is the container called in which the fuel is brought to aircraft.
→ Bouser.
70. Wheel change procedure.
→
• Place the chock on opposite side wheel.
• Place the axle jack at the jacking point of L/G.
• Start jacking the wheel till it is clear off the ground.
• Start deflating the tire using TPG.
• After confirming that break fan CB pull out, open the locking washer and bolt by
7/16 deep socket ratchet, remove fan cover.
• Remove dust cap.
• Remove the lock from fan and retainer.
• Remove retainer nut, which is inserted in fan disc slot, by 13/16 ring spanner.
 • Open the clamp by 3/8 deep ratchet socket. Open the cross bolt.
• Open the axle nut with MLG socket tool.
• Insert the thread protector.
• Place the dolly and take the wheel load. Now slightly push the tire from inside and
remove wheel assembly.
• Clean the axle and apply aeroshell-22 grease on the axle.
• Now slowly place the new wheel assembly onto the axle with the help of dolly.
• Before removing thread protector, make sure that wheel is properly aligned and
fitted on the axle.
• Remove thread protector.
• Place the axle nut.
• Give initial torque 310 lb-ft.
• Then loose the axle nut.
• Again while turning the wheel in same direction, tighten the nut to 160 lb-ft.
• If holes for cross bolt are not aligned, slightly turn the nut to align it.
• Tight the cross bolt to 75-85 in-lb and locked by cotter pin.
• Place the retainer and tight the clamp.
• Insert the fan in its slot tight the bolt and locked.
• Place the dust cap.
• Place the fan cover and tight by 4 bolt locked by washer.
• Lower the axle and remove jack.

<O> Why 400 Hz frequency is used in aircraft?

≪≫ The main purpose of using 400 Hz frequency in aircraft is to save the weight.
Any electrical equipment operating on A.C. depends upon the mutual induction. For
example be it a motor or transformer or according to Faraday’s laws of
electromagnetic induction emf induced in coil is dependent upon the rate of change
flux. And since in motor/generator it is more beneficial in terms of increasing the
frequency rather than length of conductor thus saving weight.

<O> If 400 Hz aircraft equipment is operated at 500 Hz what will happen?

≪≫ If 400 Hz aircraft is equipment is operated then it may be burn and cause injury.

<O> Advantage of Ni-Cd over Pb-acid.

≪≫
• More power to weight ratio.
• Close aircraft voltage nearly constant during entire discharge cycle.
• Have very less internal resistance.
• Doesn’t have problems of shielding of active material buckling & sulfations.

<O> Principle of Tachometer.

≪≫ Frequency of induced emf is a measure of the engine speed.

<O> Avionics installation on engine.

≪≫
• Engine control unit (FADEC).
• Starter.
• Temperature sensor and extinguisher.
• RPM
• IDG
• EPR, Engine vibration monitoring pick-up.

<O> Type of ELT frequency used.

≪≫ Impact – fixed – 121.5 MHz
Water activated – portable – 243 & 406 MHz
In India, it is monitored by ISRO, Bangalore.

<O> What is LRU? What are the components of LRU?

≪≫ The full form of LRU is Line Replaceable Unit. The majority of the digital aircraft
system contains several LRU. Proper functioning of any system can be easily
checked by BITE tests incorporated in LRU. Defective LRU may be quickly identified
by the BITE system and exchange during ground maintenance. Use of LRU and
BITE concept greatly increased.
Before removing any LRU always remove power frequently.

<O> How IDG reduces vibration.

≪≫ Because it is flanged mounted and because of side by side.

<O> Moment:
≪≫ It is a tendency of a force to twist or rotate an object mathematically it is the product
of force and moment arm.

<O> How ‘O’ ring is discarded?

≪≫ Cut and throw away.

<O> In which condition ‘O’ ring is unusable?

≪≫ It will swell.

<O> Basic requirement of pressurization and air conditioning.

≪≫
• A source of compressed air for pressurization and ventilation.
• A means of controlling cabin pressure by regulating the outflow of air from the cabin.
• A method of limiting the maximum pressure differential to which the cabin
pressurization area will be subjected.
• A means of regulating the temperature of the air being distributed to the pressurized
section of the airplanes.

<O> Advantage of Fly-By-Wire system.

≪≫
• Weight saving. It improves reliability and safety.
• Fuel saving
• Automatic manoeuvre envelope protection.
• Improve handling.
• Gust load alleviation.
It is a method of control used by some modern aircraft in which control movement
or pressure exerted by pilot are directed into a digital computer where they are input
into a programme tail to the flight characteristic of the aircraft. The computer output
signal is send to actuator and control surface to move them to optimise for the desire
manoeuvre.

<O> Disadvantage of Fly-By-Wire system.

≪≫
• Unit cost increase.
• System become complex.
• If any fault exists then whole system collapses.

<O> GCU
≪≫ Generator Control Unit.
It has two functions which are
• It maintains voltage and frequency.
• It monitors the system and control and protect the IDG.

<O> Section in CAR

≪≫
• General.
• Airworthiness.
• Air Transport.
• Aerodrome standard & Licensing.
• Air Safety.
• Design Standard and Type Certification.
• Flight Crew Standard, Training & Licensing.
• Aircraft Operation.
• Airspace and Air Traffic Management.
• Aviation Environment Protection
• Safe transport of Dangerous goods by air.

<O> Standard Unit of Pressure.

≪≫ 1013.3 Milibar
760 mm height of Hg.
14.7 psi
29.92” of Hg
101.04 kPa

<O> Major Zone

≪≫ 100 - Lower half of fuselage up to the rear pressure bulkhead.
200 - Upper half of fuselage up to the rear pressure bulkhead.
300 - Empennage
400 - Powerplant
500 - Left Wing
600 - Right Wing
700 - Landing gear and L/G door
800 - Doors
900 - Reserved for uncommon differences between various aircraft
models

<O> Compressor Stall

≪≫ In gas turbine engine, a condition in a axial flow compressor in which one or more
stage of rotor blade fail to pass air smoothly to the succeeding stage.
A stall condition caused by a pressure ratio that is incompatible with the engine.

<O> Battery rating

≪≫ It is given in Ah. This rating indicates how long the battery may be used at a given
rate before it becomes completely discharged.

<O> Emergency equipment

≪≫
• FAK/UPK
• Medical Kit
• O2 bottle and mask
• Microphone
• Fire extinguisher (Halon 1211)
• Torch
• Crush axe
• Life jacket (passenger & crew)
• Protective gloves
• Demo equipment
• Infant/extension seat belt
• Defabulator
• Smoke goggle
• ELT

<O> Jet Propulsion

≪≫ It is defined as the reaction force produced by the acceleration of air, gas or liquid
through nozzle.

<O> What information is contained in engine name plate?

≪≫ Regulator agency data
Engine manufacturer data
Engine performance data
Thrust rating

<O> Body station, buttock line and water line

<O> Flight control surfaces

≪≫ There are two types of control surface
1. Primary control surface
• Aileron
• Elevator
• Rudder
2. Secondary control surface
• Leading edge flap
• Leading edge slat
• Trailing edge flap
• Spoilers
• Horizontal stabilizer
<O> Vortex dissipator
≪≫ To dissipate vortex a small jet of compressor discharge air is directed at the ground
under inlet from a discharge nozzle located in the lower part of the engine flight
control.
System is generally activated by a main L/G switch.

<O> Accessory Gearbox

≪≫ The gearbox has two purposes.
Primary: Its primary purpose is to drive the accessory part such as starter, EDP,
IDG, alternator.
Secondary: Its secondary purpose is to provide a collection point for scavenged oil
before being pumped back to the oil tank.

<O> Compressor Principle

≪≫ It work on the principle of acceleration of working fluid followed by diffusion to
convert the acquired kinetic energy to a pressure rise.
For thrust measurement, value of N1 rpm is taken because N1 is linear where N2 is
not.
<O> Ignition System
≪≫ There are three types of ignition system
• Intermittent Duty Low Tension DC Input system: Typical input voltage of 24 to
28V DC and typical output voltage is 3000 to 7000V.
• Intermittent Duty High Tension AC Input system: Typical input voltage is 115V
400 Hz AC and typical output voltage is 20KV.
• Solid State Low and High Tension system: Typical input voltage is 14 to 32V DC
and typical output voltage is 21KV.
Types of Igniter plugs are:
• Spark igniter types in which a high intensity spark jumps across the gap between
centre electrode and ground electrode at the sparking end of the plug and that
ignites the fuel air mixture in the combustion chamber.
• Glow plug types in which the passage of electricity through the conductor causes
it to heat up and glow into bright yellow color. This heat from the passage of high
current causes the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber to burn.
<O> Kirchhoff’s Laws:
≪≫ Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law: The algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path or
loop is zero.
Kirchhoff’s Current Law: The sum of the currents into a junction is equal to the sum
of the current flowing out of the same junction.

<O> Ohm’s Law

≪≫ States that current flow in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the amount
of voltage applied to the circuit.

<O> Line Replaceable Unit (LRU)

≪≫ LRU is a complex component of an airplane that is designed to be replaced quickly
at the flight time or airport ramp area. A LRU is a black box (sealed unit) such as a
radio or the auxiliary equipment. LRU for the engine
(i) Starter (ii) IDG
(iii) LPT ACC (iv) Thrust reversers
(v) HPT ACC (vi) HP Shut off valve

<O> Thermocouple
≪≫ When any conductor is subjected to a thermal gradient, it will generate a voltage
proportional to the gradient. This is known as the thermoelectric effect or seeback
effect.

<O> Megger (Mega-ohmmeter)

≪≫ The megger or mega-ohmmeter is a high range ohmmeter containing a hand
operated generator. It is used to measure insulation resistance and other high
resistance values. It is also used for grounding continuity and short circuit testing of
electrical power system. Its chief advantage is it can measure resistance with a high
potential.
<O> Archemedes Principle
≪≫ When object immersed in a fluid has an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced by the object.

<O> Why IDG construction reduce vibration

≪≫ Because of side by side installation.

<O> Avogadro’s Law

≪≫ At the same temperature and pressure equal volume of different gases contain
equal number of molecules

<O> Hygrometer and Hydrometer

≪≫ Hygrometer: An instrument for measuring the amount of moisture or humidity in the
air.
Hydrometer: A device used to measure specific gravity of liquid.

1. What are the ground spoiler and flight spoiler? Difference between them.
A: Flight spoilers are used in conjunction with ailerons to provide lateral control and
prevent adverse yaw during aileron operation. But ground spoilers are used during
landing to greatly reduce the lift on the wings and increase drag to assist in braking.
Flight spoilers and ground spoilers both uses the same spoiler panels. But when
used as ground spoilers, the spoiler panels are deflected to a higher angle than
when used as flight spoilers.

2. What is torque and force? Difference between them.

A: A force is define as a push in a specific direction that moves an object. It is

considered linear or moving in a straight line. On the other hand, a torque is a force
that rotates an axle or wheel around its centre.
Relation is
τ=Fxr
Where,
τ – Torque
F – Force
r – Radius

3. Difference between hammer and mallet.

A: A hammer and a mallet are tools to deliver an impact to an object. A mallet is a
special kind of hammer with a large head.
A hammer is usually heavier and made for hitting metal. Mallet are softer and are
usually used on plastic or anything other than mallet.
 A hammer is usually made with a steel head. A mallet is made with a leather or
wood or plastic head.
The pounding surface of a hammer is metal. The pounding surface of mallet is either
hard rubber or wood.

4. What is acceleration?
A: Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity of a body changes with time.

5. Conversion
A: 1 ft.-lbs. = 12 in.-lbs.

6. What are the modules of engine?

A: An independent assembly of an engine which can be replaced as separate and
whole unit in order to reduce maintenance activity at operational stations and down
time of aircraft, thereby replacement of engine and sending the engine as a whole
to overhaul agency is avoided.

7. Define Hooke’s law.

A: The stress applied to a material is proportional to the strain on that material within
the elastic limit.

8. What are consumables, expendable and rotable materials in aircraft?

A: Consumable materials that can’t be reuse like engine oil, hydraulic fluid, filter
element.
Expendable material are materials whose periods can be extended like O-ring,
gasket or rubber type material.
Rotable are materials which can be re-used like TCT, TLT, and filter.

9. What is static inverter?

A: In emergency configurations and in certain cases, it supplies the AC essential bus.
Its maximum power is 1 kVA.

10. What are the source of AC and DC?

A: 1. Main AC generators
Generator 1 driven by engine 1.
Generator 2 driven by engine 2.
2. A third AC generator is driven by the APU can replace either or both the main
engine generator throughout the flight envelope.
3. Emergency generator is an AC generator which is driven by RAT hydraulic circuit.
It automatically provide emergency power in case of all main aircraft generator fails.
The 3 phase 115V AC 400 Hz has power of 5 kVA.
4. Batteries: The two batteries connected to the DC battery bus. Each battery has
its own bus HOT BUS 1 and HOT BUS 2. They are permanently supplied. The
capacity of each battery is 23 Ah and provide 24V DC supply.
5. Static inverter: In emergency configurations and in certain cases, it supplies the
AC essential bus. Its maximum power is 1 kVA.
11. Difference between micrometer and vernier calliper.
A: Micrometer have a rotary handle whereas vernier has a slider.
A typical micrometer screw gauge has a maximum accuracy of ± 0.005 mm (0.01
mm reading) whereas a vernier calliper has a maximum accuracy of ± 0.05 mm (0.1
mm reading).
Micrometer for measuring diameter and vernier for inside and outside diameter as
well as depth.

Q: What is Dark Cockpit concept?

A: Dark cockpit concept is when every aircraft system is working fine, there are no
need for any indicating light. Only in case of fault, warning or annunciator lights will
be illuminated.

Q: What is Glass cockpit?

A: Glass cockpit is an aircraft cockpit that features electronic (digital) instrument
display, typically large LCD screens, rather than the traditional style of analogue
dials and gauges. While a traditional cockpit relies on numerous mechanical gauges
to display information, a glass cockpit uses several display driven by flight
management system that can be adjusted t display flight information as needed.

Q: What is heavy duty screwdriver?

A: A heavy duty screwdriver is of average length but is made with a heavy blade and
a square shank. The shape of the shank permit the use of a wrench to assist in
tightening a screw. Heavy (thick) material is used so that the blade and shank will
resist being twisted when a wrench is used.
Q: What is a Phillips screwdriver?
A: A Philips screwdriver is specially designed to fit the heads of Phillips screws. It differ
from other screwdriver in that the end of the blade is fluted instead of flattened. It is
made in several sized. Each size is numbered and relates the diameter of the blade
with the pint number. For example, a No.2 point has a ¼-inch diameter shank.
Q: How mallets are classified?
A: 1. Hard face mallet.
2. Soft face mallet.
Q: Why the head of hammer not run away from handle while it is used or while
swing?
A: It is because handle is fit in the head with close tolerance fit.
Q: What precaution are taken while replacing the seals?
A: Seal must be properly packed, self-life, lubricate new seal before installation.
Q: Procedure for replacing component is given in which manual?
A: AMM
Q: What do you ask a stores person to get screw driver?
A: We will ask according to number like 1, 2, 3 etc.
Q: What are the locking precautions?
A: After locking the wire cut and turn to such direction that should not injured to other
person during maintenance work. Twisting of wire must be done evenly.
Q: Difference between point six nut and point four nut.
A: Six point nut used in larger diameter of nut/bolt and provide more torque.
Whereas point four nut is used in some smaller nut/bolt and gives less torque.
Q: Task card is?
A: It is a short term of a AMM used for a particular work.
Q: Part number is given in which manual?
A: Illustrated Parts Catalogue or IPC.
Q: Installation or removal of a component is given in which manual?
A: AMM.
Q: Torque wrench is classified by?
A: 1. Micrometer type.
2. Direct reading type.
3. Rachet type.
Q: You have to give to on 3/4th bolt. Where you find this?
A: In AMM.
Q: Difference between auto brake and manual brake.
A: Auto brake is set priority. When speed of aircraft reach up to that the brake comes
in action automatically. But in manual brake system, brake comes in action when
pilot applies the brake.

..Indigo.. Airlines _ Recent Interview Questions Answered

1. How much is the pressure for refuelling?

Ans: Normally, the maximum pressure for refuelling is 50 psi.
[Pressure (suction) for de-fuelling is 11 psi].
Note: The pressure for defueling is kept lower than refuelling. The reason is that the
system design, seals and gaskets are so installed to receive higher pressure only in
fuelling direction. That is why, defueling pressure is kept low to prevent any damage
to the seals or gaskets or other fuelling system components.
2. If you have to change the starter, from where will you get the new starter?
Ans: The new starter can be procured from the store.
3. How will you ask the starter from store?
Ans: I will ask for starter mentioning its part number.
4. Now you are going to change the starter, then you will require some tools
(general and special both), procedures etc. From where you will get it?
Ans: I will consult the respective AMM or task card for the information of required general
and special tool, procedures etc.
5. If you have to ask for a new seal from the store, what will you check?
Ans: When a new seal is received from store, the part number, shelf life, packing of the
seal is to be checked.
6. What will you do with the old seal?
Ans: I will cut and throw the old seal.
7. What is the purpose of diffuser?
Ans: The diffuser diffuses the air just ahead of delivering it to the combustion chamber,
thereby increasing the pressure of the airflow and reducing the swirling motion
imparted by the last stage compressor rotor.
8. What is the meaning of diffuse in Basic English?
Ans: In Basic English, diffuse means spreading out.
9. What is Specific Gravity?
Ans: It is the ratio of density of a definite amount of a substance to the density of same
amount of pure water at 4OC.
10. What is the difference between FADEC and EEC?
Ans: FADEC or Full Authority Digital Electronic Control is a complete system while EEC
or Electronic Engine Control is computer. FADEC comprises of EEC and HMU.
We can switch off the EEC without shutting down the engine, but FADEC cannot be
switched off or the engine will shut down.
FADEC is only full authority type that means, it controls engine operation throughout
its entire range of operation. Whereas EEC may be either full authority type or part
scheduling type.
• FADEC is a complete system while EEC is a computer and part of FADEC.
• If EEC fails, engine will not shut down. But if FADEC fails, engine will definitely
shut down.
• FADEC comprises of EEC and HMU. That means EEC makes the calculation of
amount of fuel to be delivered to the engine and a signal sent to the metering
valve to open or close accordingly. Also FADEC controls the operation of VIGV,
bleed valves etc.
 • EEC has a definite location which is generally in the fan frame. However, FADEC
being a complete system with a number of components distributed over engine
casing cannot be said to have a definite location.
11. Mallet is classified by?
Ans: Mallet is classified by the material of the head.
12. What is One Thou?
Ans: One Thou is one part of Thousand or 1/1000 which is also equal to 0.001.
13. In what unit Fuel Company will provide fuel?
Ans: Fuel companies provide fuel in litres.
14. Are you working somewhere?
Ans: {at your discretion}
15. What is dripstick and dipstick?
Ans: Dripstick: This is a calibrated tube which is fitted in the bottom of the tank and
when pulled down, will indicate fuel level in the tank when fuel flows through the
tube and exits at the drip hole.
Dipstick: It is a calibrated stick which is fitted from the top of the tank and fuel
quantity is indicated by mark to which stick is wet by fuel.
Differences:
Dipsticks and dripsticks are both fuel quantity indicator. The difference is that
dipstick is inserted from the top of the tank while dripsticks are installed from the
bottom of the tank. Dipstick is dipped into fuel and quantity is measured by the
marking to which the stick is wet. Dripstick measures the quantity by the marking
which is visible at the edge of the structure just when fuel started flowing though the
tube and exiting through the drip hole.
16. What is consumable and expendables?
Ans: Consumable are those which can’t be reused for example fuel, engine oil etc.
Expendables are those whose life or period can be expanded such as O-ring,
gasket.
17. Torque formula with extension.
Ans:
Here,
 Tw = Torque reading on wrench dial
Te = Required torque
A = Lever length
B = Lever length + Extension
18. Fire Detection system.
Ans:
19. What is the size of wire cutter?
Ans:
20. What is the duration of last recording of CFDS?
Ans: CFDS records 64 information for the last lag report.
21. What is moment and momentum? What are their units?
Ans: A moment is the turning effect caused by a force acting at a perpendicular distance
from fulcrum is equal to the force multiplied by its arm. Its unit is inch-pounds.
Momentum is the amount of motion contained in a body and is equal to the mass of
the body multiplied by its velocity. Its unit is Kgms-1.
22. How many system is used in aircraft? Description of system.
Ans:
23. T/R is used in which system?
Ans: T/R or Thrust Reverser is used in engines.
24. As mentioned in your resume, you have worked in these aircraft. Which of
them don’t have Fly-By-Wire system and why?
Ans: The aircraft who don’t have Fly-By-Wire incorporated are Boeing 747-400 and
Boeing 737-800. Both of these airplane are originally build in time when Fly-By-Wire
was not developed. So these airplanes were built around technologies available at
those times which were mainly dependent on mechanical systems.
25. What is ATA 20?
Ans: Standard Maintenance Practice.
26. Torque required on a bolt can be found in?
Ans: AMM.
27. What is glass cockpit?
Ans: A cockpit configuration that uses digital electronic displays to display the various
engine, airframe and flight parameters in place of conventional mechanical gauges.
In conventional design, each of the parameters are indicated in almost a separate
gauge driven either by mechanically, electrically or pneumatically. However, glass
cockpit design replaces most of the conventional gauges with six display unit that
display almost every parameter related to engine or airframe or flight operation.
28. Difference between moment and momentum.
Ans: Moment is the turning effect on a body due to application of a force at a
perpendicular distance from the hinge or fulcrum, also termed as arm. On the other
hand, momentum is the amount of motion contained in a body.
The moment is mathematically expressed as
τ=F*L
The momentum is mathematically expressed as
p=m*v
29. What is the unit of torque?
Ans: The unit of torque is lbs.-inch.
30. Which hydraulic system uses electrical pump?
Ans: Both yellow and blue system has electrical pump.
31. RAT details.
Ans: RAT or Ram Air Turbine is an emergency hydraulic pump which is driven by a small
propeller exposed to the incoming airstream, called ram air. The RAT is
automatically deployed when both green and yellow system has low pressure, both
AC buses have failed and the airplane speed is still above 100 knots. A small
hydraulic pump generates 2500 psi pressure for blue hydraulic system which is then
supplied to most critical systems. Also the hydraulic power drives a Constant Speed
Motor/Generator (CSMG) that supplies 115V 400 Hz AC electrical supply at 5kVA
rating to the most critical equipment and instruments.
32. Acceleration and its unit.
Ans: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity in a particular direction. Its unit is ms -
2
.
33. Torque and its type.
Ans: Torque is the force acting on a body that tends to twist the body or tries to make it
rotate. It can also be said as the force that produces angular velocity.
The type of torque are:
Dry torque: Torque applied without lubricant is called dry torque.
Wet torque: Torque applied with lubricant.
Continuous torque: Torque applied in one direction continuously until desire torque
value is reached.
Breakdown torque: It is the maximum value of torque permitted.
Running torque: It is the torque required to keep the load moving.
Breakaway torque: It is the torque required to initially move the load.
Rundown torque: It is the torque required to overcome the mechanical locking such
as when installing self-locking nut.
34. Tools classification.
Ans: Hammers are classified as hard hammer and soft hammer.
Hard hammers are classified by the weight of the head without handle.
Soft hammers or mallets are classified by the type of material of the head.
Screwdrivers are classified by shape, type of blade and length of blade.
35. Auto brake.
Ans: It is a mode of automatic brake application upon landing or during an aborted take-
off. When pilot select auto brake from the cockpit, it is energized and applies the
braking pressure as selected by the pilot when the ground spoilers are deployed. As
a normal procedure, pilot selects MAX in case of an aborted take-off.
36. How to start engine through APU?
Ans: Pneumatic air is supplied by the APU through a HP Shut-Off Valve to the Pneumatic
Air starter.
The starter is rotated which in turn drives the Main Gear Box (MGB).
The Main Gear Box drives the Transfer Gear Box (TGB).
The TGB is connected to the HP shaft of the engine, which is then rotated.
The fuel scheduling system schedule fuel and deliver it to the combustion chamber.
The fuel is mixed with the airflow supplied by the HP compressor rotation and then
burned.
 Gradually the LP compressor also start rotating.
Thus the engine is started.
37. State the mathematical equation of momentum.
Ans: momentum = mass x velocity.
38. When O2 mask system falls?
Ans: In case there is a severe decompression results in the cabin while the airplane is
above 14,000 feet altitude, the O2 mask system falls.
It can be stated also as that if cabin altitude crosses 14,000 feet, the O 2 mask will
automatically fall.
39. How to ask tools from store.
Ans: Screwdriver is asked from the store mentioning its point number.
40. N1 and N2 speed sensor.
Ans:
41. What is the location of IDG?
Ans: IDG is located at 6 O’clock position in CFM56-5B.
42. What is ATA 74?
Ans: Ignition.
43. General about Flap, Slat, Spoiler, Aileron.
Ans: Flap is the auxiliary high lift devices used to increase lift produced by the wing during
take-off and landing.
Slat is also a high lift devices that is used to generate more lift during take-off and
landing and also during slow speed operation and thus preventing the airplane from
stalling.
Spoilers are used in conjunction with aileron to provide lateral control.
Aileron is a primary flight control surface that provide rolling and lateral control.
44. Mark down the aircraft in your resume which do not have fly-by-wire. Why do
they not have fly-by-wire.
Ans: The aircraft which do not have fly-by-wire technology are Boeing 747 and Boeing
737.
Both of the Boeing airplanes are originally designed long ago before invention of fly-
by-wire technology. The blue print of the airplane which was originally issued with
 type certificate did not include provision for fly-by-wire and hence they are not
equipped with fly-by-wire.
45. What is dark cockpit?
Ans: It is a cockpit concept in which, no indicating light will be illuminated when every
system and components are working normally. An indicator or warning light will
come when there is fault or malfunctioning detected.
46. What is IDG? Why it is called so?
Ans: The full form of IDG is Integrated Drive Generator. It is a Constant Speed Drive or
CSD, integrated with an alternator or ac generator.
Since CSD and the generator is integrated into one housing, it is termed as
Integrated.
47. What is the location of IDG?
Ans: In CFM56-5B installed in Airbus A321, the IDG is located at 5 O’clock position. In
CFM56-7B installed on Boeing 737-800, IDG is located at 8 O’clock position.
48. What are the units of torque and momentum?
Ans: Unit of torque is lbs.-inch and unit of momentum is Kgms-1.
49. What are consumable and expandable?
Ans: Consumable are those which cannot be re-used such as hydraulic fluid, lubricating
oil etc.
Expandable are those whose life can be extended such as gasket, rubber type
materials etc.
50. What is ATA chapter 27, 32, 33, 75, 80?
Ans: ATA chapters
27 Flight controls
32 Landing gear
33 Lights
75 Air
80 Starting
51. How will you ask for Philips screwdriver at store?
Ans: I will ask for Philips screwdriver mentioning its point number.
52. How will you ask for torque wrench at store?
Ans: I will ask for torque wrench at the store by mentioning type and torque range.
53. What is ATA? Why it is called so?
Ans: ATA is Air Transport Association.
It is an association that manages and standardize the various publications related
to aircraft operation and maintenance and hence it is called ATA.
54. What is IPC?
Ans: IPC or Illustrated Parts Catalogue is a document that includes detailed exploded
view of every component and contain table of all parts, materials and hardware
present in the respective component mentioning part numbers of each and number
of such items present.
55. Where will you find torque value?
Ans: The torque value can be known from the AMM or task card.
56. What is the difference between dipstick and tripstick?
Ans: Refer to Q. No. 15
57. What is the difference between FADEC and EEC?
Ans: Refer to Q. No. 10
58. Location of EEC.
Ans: In CFM56-5B installed in Airbus A321, EEC is located at 4 O’clock position while in
CFM56-7B installed on Boeing 737-800, EEC is located at 2 O’clock position.
59. Units of pressure.
Ans: Pressure is measured in either Pounds per Square Inch (PSI), inches of Mercury
(inch Hg), mm of Mercury (mm Hg), Pascal (Pa) or milibar (mbar).
60. How wire cutters are classified?
Ans: Wire cutters are classified by the design of its head.
61. What are the differences between igniter plug and spark plug?
Ans: Igniter plugs are used in gas turbine engines where spark is required only during
initial engine start or during an in-flight engine re-light condition. However, spark
plugs are used with reciprocating engine and produces sparks at regular intervals
throughout the time of operation of the engine.
The gap between centre electrode and ground electrode is more in case of an igniter
plug while it is comparatively small for spark plug.
 The spark intensity of an igniter plug is more than a spark plug.
Due to higher spark intensity, igniter plugs are less susceptible to carbon or lead
deposit in its electrode ends. However, carbon or lead fouling are often encountered
in spark plugs.
62. Diameter of Philips screwdriver is given in what terms?
Ans: The diameter of Philips screwdriver is given in points.
63. Specific gravity?
Ans: Specific gravity is the ratio of density of a certain volume of a substance to the
density of equal volume of pure water in case of liquid and air in case of gas. Both
densities are measured at 4OC.
64. How mallets are classified?
Ans: Mallets are classified according to the material of which it is head is made of.
65. What is the standard fuelling pressure?
Ans: The standard fuelling pressure is 50 psi.
66. If you are given
Actual torque = 120 in-lbs.
Lever length = 12 in.
Extension = 3 inch
Then what will be the indicated torque at the torque wrench?
Ans: Indicated torque on the wrench =

67. Tell us about Fly-By-Wire technology.

Ans: In Fly-By-Wire equipped airplane, pilot’s commands are converted into electrical
signals which are supplied to the servo valves that re-directs the hydraulic pressure
accordingly to operate various flight controls and mechanisms such as landing gear,
thrust reversers etc.
The advantages of Fly-By-Wire aircraft are
• Weight reduction
• Gust load elevation
 • Flight envelope protection etc.
However, Fly-By-Wire aircraft system also have some disadvantages such as
• Complexity of airplane increases.
• Unit cost increases.
• Failure of one component may cause entire system breakdown.
68. What is Air Speed and Ground Speed? What is the difference between them?
Ans: Air speed is the speed of an object relative to air.
Ground speed is the speed of the object relative to ground or earth.
If air is calm, i.e. there is no wind, then airspeed and ground speed are equal.
However, if there is wind which means the air will have some velocity relative to
earth. Thus it effects the ground speed however doesn’t affect the air speed.
69. What is the difference between igniter plug and spark plug?
Ans: Refer to question number 61.
70. What do you mean by stability of aircraft?
Ans: Stability of aircraft is defined as the ability of the aircraft to maintain a straight and
level flight without any assistance from the cockpit. The stability may be either
around longitudinal axis, lateral axis or vertical axis.
71. What is the relation between density and pressure and volume? How does it
affects air at high altitudes?
Ans: The density varies proportionally to pressure and inversely to volume. In other
words, as density decreases, pressure decreases while as density decreases,
volume increases.
The higher above the earth’s surface we go, the thinner the air becomes. Thus
density at high altitude is less than that of at sea level and hence the pressure
decreases as we go higher and higher above ground.
72. 1 kg = ? pounds
Ans: 1 kg = 2.2 pounds
73. Running torque.
Ans: Running torque is the torque value to keep a load moving.
74. What is flat rating of engine?
Ans: Flat rating is provided by many engine manufacturer. It is the rated thrust which the
engine is capable of producing up to an ambient temperature of 90 OF.
75. What is cascade effect?
Ans: The effect on air flowing through one stage of compressor by the succeeding stage
due to the cascading arrangement of aerofoils in each stage is called cascade effect.
76. What is the difference between moment and torque?
Ans: Basically looking, moment and torque are the same thing. However, there is a little
bit of difference.
Torque is basically a force acting on an object such as to cause or tend to cause it
to rotate or twist around a definite point which we term as either pivot or fulcrum or
axis. However, the application of torque may cause a turning effect on the object
and this turning effect is termed as moment.
Mathematical expression of moment is equal to the force multiplied by the
perpendicular distance from the pivot point. The mathematical expression of torque
is equal to the force multiplied by the perpendicular distance between the two
opposite forces acting on the body that causes it to rotate.
Q: What is the difference between Airbus A321 and Boeing 737?
A: The difference is that A321 is a fly-by-wire equipped airplane while Boeing 737 is a
conventional flight controlled equipped airplane.
Q: What do you mean by conventional flight control?
A: Conventional flight control is where flight control systems are connected with cables
and related mechanical devices like bell cranks, push-pull rods etc.
Q: If CSD is not getting proper drive, what will happen?
A: Output will fluctuate.
Q: How we can disengage IDG? Under what condition, disengagement is
performed?
A: IDG is disengaged with the help of two guarded switches in the cockpit Electrical
panel.
IDG is disengaged when the following conditions occur:
• Oil overheat.
• Oil pressure drop.
Q: Where will you find the fuel specific gravity?
A: From the fuelling chart which is available with the bouser personnel.
Q: What is the meaning of the triangle in the fire bottle?
A: Triangle indicates class A fire compatibility.
Note: Square indicate class B, Circle indicates class C and Star indicates class D fire.
Q: How IDG gets drive?
A: IDG is driven by the accessory gear box.
Q: Why ‘No Smoking’ placarding is done near re-fuelling zone?
A: When tanks are re-fuelled, air comes out of vent ports which contains fuel vapour
or fumes. They can easily catch fire if exposed to heat or spark
Boyles's law: Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure at constant
temperature.
Charles' law: The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature at
constant pressure.
Avogadro's law: Under same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different
gases contains equal number of molecules.
Pythagoras theorem: The square of hypotenuse of a right angle triangle is equal to the
sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Archimedes principle: The upward force acting on a body submerged in a liquid is equal
to the weight of liquid displaced by the body upon submerging.
Bernoulli's principle: For a fluid flowing through a tube or duct, if at any point pressure
decreases the velocity increases proportionally and vice versa. In other words, the sum
of pressure and velocity of flowing fluid remains constant at all points of the flow.
Dalton's law: The pressure exerted by a mixture of chemically non reacting gases is
equal to the sum of absolute pressures each of the gas would exert on the surface of the
container if they are allowed to occupy the entire space alone at the same temperature.
. Therefore ‘No Smoking’ is displayed near fuelling zone.

1. What is ATA Chapter --?

A: 20 Standard Maintenance Practices
21 Air Conditioning
22 Auto flight
23 Communication
24 Electrical Power
25 Equipment and Furnishings
26 Fire Protection
27 Flight Controls
28 Fuel
29 Hydraulic Power
30 Ice and Rain Protection
31 Instruments/Indicating and Recording
 32 Landing gear
33 Lights
34 Navigation
35 Oxygen
36 Pneumatic
37 Vacuum
38 Water/Waste
45 Central Maintenance System
47 Nitrogen Generating System
49 Auxiliary Power Unit
51 Maintenance Practices – Structure
52 Doors
53 Fuselage
54 Nacelles & Pylons
55 Stabilizers
56 Windows
57 Wings
61 Propellers
70 Maintenance Practices – Engines
71 Powerplant
72 Engines
73 Engine Fuel and Controls
74 Ignition
75 Bleed air
76 Engine Controls
77 Engine Indicating
78 Engine Exhaust
79 Engine Oil
80 Starting
81 Turbocharging
82 Water Injection
83 Accessory Gearbox

2. What is Brake Accumulator?

A: An additional accumulator apart from system accumulator is incorporated in the
airplane to supply minimal hydraulic power for operation of parking brakes in case
of no hydraulic power available in the airplane.
With only brake accumulator, only a maximum 7 full parking brake application can
be obtained.

3. Which hydraulic system has electrical pump? How green system can be pressurized
on ground when engines are not running?
A: Only the yellow and blue hydraulic system has electrical pumps. With yellow
hydraulic system pressurized, we can pressurize the green system on ground with
the help of Power Transfer Unit or PTU.

4. What are the computers related to flight control system?

A: ELAC Elevator Aileron Control Computer
FAC Flight Augmentation Computer
SEC Spoiler Elevator Computer
SFCC Slat Flap Control Computer
FMGC Flight Management and Guidance Computer
FCDC Flight Control Data Concentrator

5. Detail about RAT.

A: RAT is an emergency hydraulic pump used in many modern airliners today. In
Airbus A320, the RAT drives an emergency blue hydraulic pump. RAT is
automatically deployed when two hydraulic system has low pressure, both AC bus
failure occurs and aircraft speed is still above 100 knots. The turbines rotate at very
high speed due to ram air and thereby drive the blue hydraulic pump to pressurize
the blue system to a pressure of about 2500 psi. This pressure is supplied to critical
flight controls and components. Also this pressure is used to drive a Constant Speed
Motor Generator which then produces 115V 400 Hz AC supply at 5 kVA power rating
and is provided to some critical equipments and instruments.

6. What are the sources of AC and DC powers in aircraft?

A: AC Sources:
Normal operation – two IDGs located on two engines. A third generator driven by
APU can replace either or both AC generators throughout the flight envelope. All
provide 115V AC supply at 90 kVA rating.
Emergency – Emergency pump driven by RAT hydraulic circuit. Rating is 5 kVA.
During BAT ONLY configuration – power from DC Battery 1 through Static Inverter
at 1 kVA power rating.
DC Source:
Normal Operation – supplied from two AC buses through the Transformer Rectifier.
Emergency – Two DC batteries supplying 24V DC at 23 Ah rating.

7. What is Dark Cockpit Concept?

A: A cockpit philosophy which requires no light to be indicated in the cockpit when
every system and components are working normally. Only when there is a fault or
malfunction detected, an indicating light is to be illuminated.
8. What is Glass Cockpit?
A: A cockpit design in which large digital LCD displays replaces the conventional
cockpit design containing mechanical and electrical gauges.
The reason for incorporation of Glass Cockpit is to reduce flight crew load by
allowing them to obtain parameters of entire aircraft and systems by looking only at
 fewer locations rather than looking through large number of gauges used in a
conventional cockpit design.

9. What are the modules of engine? What are the modules for a turbofan engine?
A: A module is an independent assembly of engine which can be replaced as separate
and whole unit at operational stations which reduces maintenance activity and
downtime of the aircraft.
The modules of a present day turbofan engine are
• Fan module
• Low Pressure Compressor and Intermediate Case module
• Core Engine module
• Low Pressure Turbine module
• Accessory Gear Box module

10. What are flight and ground spoilers? What are the differences between them?
A: Spoilers are auxiliary flight control surfaces designed to spoil or reduce the amount
of lift the wing is producing either during flight or on ground to achieve various flying
characteristics. While used in flight it is called flight spoiler and while used on ground
it is called ground spoilers. Same spoiler panels are used in either purpose.
Flight spoilers are used in conjunction with ailerons to assist the airplane in lateral
control such as a roll and turn. The spoilers on the up going aileron side goes up
while spoilers on down going aileron side remains faired with wing. However when
used as ground spoiler, they are used to greatly reduce the lift produced by the wing
upon a landing and increase the drag to assist in braking. When used as ground
spoiler, spoiler panels on both sides go up simultaneously.
Although same panels are used, the panels are deflected to a higher angle when
used as ground spoiler than when used as flight spoilers.

11. What is torque and force?

A: Torque is a force that causes or tends to cause a body to twist or rotate around its
axis.
Force is a push or pull in linear direction that causes or tends to cause a body to
change its state of motion.

12. What is Line Replaceable Unit? Tell me five LRUs in engine?

A: LRU is a complex unit that is designed to be removed and replaced quickly at flight
time or while the airplane is at the ramp.
Five LRUs of engine are IDG, Starter, HPTACC, LPTACC and Thrust Reverser.

13. What are the primary and secondary flight control surfaces of aircraft?
A: The primary flight control surfaces are Aileron, Elevator and Rudder.
The secondary flight control surfaces are leading and trailing edge flaps, leading
edge slats, spoilers, speed brakes and trimmable horizontal stabilizer.

14. What is Fly-By-Wire? Give its advantages and disadvantages?

A: Fly-By-Wire is an electro-hydraulic flight control system that replaces the
conventional flight control system with electrical wires.
The advantages of fly-by-wire are:
• Improved handling.
• Weight saving.
• Reliability.
• Fuel saving.
• Automatic flight envelope protection.
• Gust load alleviation.
The disadvantages are:
• It has no feeling.
• System is complex.
• Unit cost increases.
• If fault occurs whole system collapses.

15. Why 400 Hz frequency is used in aviation?

A: Its main purpose is to save weight. The electrical equipment works on the principle
of electromagnetic induction. The Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
states that the induced EMF is dependent on the rate of change of flux induced with
it. In aircraft, it is beneficial to increase the frequency rather than increasing the
length of the conductor and thus saves weight.

16. What is jet propulsion?

A: Jet propulsion is defined as obtaining reacting force by accelerating a fluid through
a nozzle.

17. What is the unit of pressure, torque, energy, power?

A: Unit of pressure is pounds per square inch (psi).
Unit of torque in British system is pounds-feet or pounds-inch and in Metric system
is Nm.
Unit of energy is Joule.
Unit of power is Joule per seconds, Watt, Horsepower.

18. What is specific gravity? What is its unit?

A: Specific gravity is a ratio of density of a substance to the density of equal volume of
water at 4OC.
Since it is a ratio of two similar quantities having same unit, it is unit less.

19. What are thou? What is 3/4th of thou?

A: One thou are thousandth part of one inch which is equal to 0.001”.
3/4th of Thou are equal to 0.00075”.
1/4th of Thou are equal to 0.00025”.

20. What is dry torque, wet torque, continuous torque, breakdown torque, running
torque, breakaway torque and rundown torque?
A: Dry torque is the torque applied without application of grease.
 Wet torque is the torque applied with application of grease.
Continuous torque is the torque applied continuously in one direction until the
desired torque is obtained.
Breakdown torque is the maximum value of torque permitted.
Running torque is the torque required to keep a load moving.
Breakaway torque is the torque required to initially move the load.
Rundown torque is the torque required to overcome the mechanical locking of the
nut.

21. Conversions.
A: 1 Kg = 2.2046 pounds
1 inch = 2.54 cm = 25.4 mm = 25400 μm
1 μm = 0.000039 inch = 0.0025 mm
1 mm = 0.039 inch = 1000 μm
1 feet = 12 inches = 30.5 cm

22. Tell me what do know about Indigo.

A: Indigo or the InterGlobe Aviation is a Low Cost Carrier of India founded in 2006 by
Mr. Rahul Bhatia, MD of InterGlobe Enterprises and Mr. R. Gangwal, NRI and owner
of a Virginia based company. Indigo’s policy is to provide Low Cost, On Time and
Hassle Free service to its passengers and presently serves between 37 destinations
including 5 international destinations with 534 daily flights.
On 2005, Indigo placed an order of 100 Airbus A320ceo aircraft in Paris Air Show.
On 28th July 2006, Indigo received its first aircraft and commenced operation on 4 th
August 2006 from New Delhi to Imphal via Guwahati. On 2011, Indigo placed a
record number of orders in Airbus with an order of 180 Airbus A320neo aircraft.
Recently Indigo signed a MoU for 250 A320neo aircraft.
After 100th aircraft’s arrival, Airbus will now start delivering A320 neo airplanes from
2016. Till then, Indigo has signed a lease agreement with Tiger Airlines for 12 Airbus
A320. Indigo has also placed order of Airbus A321 airplane which is expected to be
delivered beginning on 2017.

Summary:
 Name: Indigo
Parent Company: InterGlobe Enterprise
Founded On: July 2006
Founder: Mr. Rahul Bhatia, Co-founder & Co-Owner,
MD
Mr. R. Gangwal, Co-founder & Co-Owner
President: Mr. Aditya Ghosh
First Aircraft: 28th July 2006
First Flight: 4th August 2006 from New Delhi to Imphal
via Guwahati
First International On 1 September 2011 from New Delhi to
Flight: Dubai
Aircraft Type: Airbus A320 (A321 ordered)
Fleet Size: 84 (total delivered 100)
Destinations: 37 including 5 international destinations
Flights per day: 534 current
International Muscat, Dubai, Singapore, Bangkok,
Destinations: Kathmandu.
Facts: Low Cost, On Time, Hassle Free Service
One type of aircraft – Airbus A320
One type of seating – All Economy
Quote Line: India’s Coolest Airline
Achievements: Received 100th Airbus A320ceo on 3rd
November 2014.
In 2011, record number of aircraft order in
Airbus by a LCC with an order of 180 A320
neo.
Ranked as India’s best LCC in different
award lists.

23. Why do you want to join Indigo?

A: Sir, as a fresher in the field of aircraft maintenance I want to join an organization that
provides me
Platform to use my talent
Opportunity to prove my talent
Growth in my career and
Stability
I can easily understand that I can have all of this with Indigo. This is the main reason
I want to work for and with Indigo.

24. Why did you choose AME?

A: Sir, as a child, I too was interested in Aviation. I used to watch various TV programs
from my childhood where facts and features of aircraft and aviation were unleashed
and that pushed my interest more towards this industry. And then I came to know
 about the AME field and course. I found it quite interesting as well as affordable from
financial condition of my parents. So I decided to join AME.

25. Why did you left your previous job?

A: Everything was good there. Only thing I wanted is field work as well as more
responsibility on my shoulders. So I decided to leave my previous job of teaching.

26. What are your short-term and long-term goals?

A: My short term aim is to get into an organization that offers me the platform to work
and use my talent. My long term aim is to do best and be among the best in the
company and my field.

27. What is your aim in life?

A: To be professionally successful and personally satisfied.

28. According to you, what is success and what is satisfaction?

A: According to me, success is getting what I like and satisfaction is to like what I get.

29. If I hire you, which base would you like to join?

A: Sir, I am ready to relocate myself in any base as per company policy and
requirement.

30. How much salary do you expect?

A: Sir, you are the best judge to decide how much I should be paid as per my ability. I
am happy with company norms and policy.

31. Why do you think I should hire you?

A: Sir, I am optimistic and hard worker. I am always ready to take the responsibility of
a job I’m entitled to and work my best to accomplish the work successfully and thus
stand to the company’s expectations. If you give me a chance, I can prove myself
and my talent and quality and thus will be able to satisfy you and company’s need.

32. Tell me you good and bad points.

A: My good things are that I am quite optimistic and hard worker. I believe in myself
and that I can take any responsibility offered to me and to success in that.
My bad things are that I am a lot workaholic, means I, at many times, even forget to
take food and rest once I get into a job and haven’t completed it yet.

33. In what unit fuel bousers provide us fuel and in what unit it is showed in airplane?
Also state the reason. How will you convert litre into kg?
A: Fuel bousers provide us fuel in litres and in aircraft, it is showed in kilograms. The
reason is that BTU per kilogram is constant irrespective of fuel temperature whereas
BTU per litre is not.
 To convert litre into kilogram, we need to multiply the litre value with the fuel’s
specific gravity. The fuel’s specific gravity can be obtained from the fuelling sheet or
chalan available with the bouser personal.

34. What are the advantages of single point fuelling? What are the precautions will you
take before re-fuelling?
A: The advantages of single point pressure fuelling of aircraft are
• It takes less time to refuel the aircraft.
• It reduces the possibility of contamination.
• It reduces the possibility of static electricity igniting the fuel.

The precautions to be taken during re-fuelling are:

• The chocks should be in place and a little away from the wheels. This is because
when aircraft is refuelled, its weight settles down. So if chocks were placed too
close, it would later be difficult to remove the chocks.
• Proper bonding should be made between aircraft to ground, bouser to ground,
aircraft to bouser and nozzle to wing structure.
• ‘NO SMOKING’ cards should be prominently displayed.
• No electrical switch should be operated while re-fuelling.
• Weather Radar should not be operated within 500 meter.
• If GPU is being used, it should be at least more than 6 meters away from the
fuelling point.
• No tools should be used which may produce spark.
• Fuelling should be immediately stopped during:
• Severe lightning disturbances in nearby area
• In case of fuel spillage
• During severe storm, if over wing fuelling is being used
• A jet airplane manoeuvre to bring its jet exhaust within 43 meters of
fuelling point.
• Fire extinguisher bottles should be readily available near fuelling point.

35. Why ‘NO SMOKING’ is displayed near re-fuelling point even when pressure fuelling
is being used?
A: As fuel is being introduced in the empty fuel tanks, the air that was previously
present in the tank comes out of the vent port. This air may contain fuel vapour or
fumes which would be easily ignited if exposed to a heat source or spark. Therefore
‘NO SMOKING’ sign is displayed in the fuelling area.

36. What is anti-skid system? What would be the effect if it is not used?
A: Anti-skid is an electro-hydraulic system incorporated in the braking system of
airplane that senses the wheel rotational speed and detects any rapid deceleration
or impeding skid. Upon detection, it partially releases the brake pressure to prevent
the wheel from skidding and then re-applies it at a slightly lower value.
 If anti-skid system is not used, the wheels will be locked and will skid when full brake
pressure is applied. This will lead to loss of controllability of the airplane and reduced
braking efficiency. Moreover, when wheels will skid, it will rub out more and
increased maintenance activity will be required in wheel and brake system.

37. What is?

• Bernoulli’s theorem
• Boyle’s Law
• Charles’ law
• Pythagoras theorem
• Archimedes Principle
A: Bernoulli’s theorem (principle): It states that for a flowing fluid through a tube or
duct, if at any point, the pressure of the fluid decreases, the velocity increases
proportionally and vice versa. In other terms we may say that the sum of pressure
and velocity of a flowing fluid remains always constant at all points of the flow.
Boyle’s law: It states that at constant temperature, the volume of a definite quantity
of fluid is inversely proportional to the pressure applied.
Charles’ law: It states that at constant pressure, the volume of a fluid is directly
proportional to the absolute temperature of the fluid.
Pythagoras theorem: In a right angle triangle, the square of the hypotenuse (the
side opposite of right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two
sides.
Archimedes Principle: When a body is submerged in a liquid, the liquid applies a
vertically upward force on the body, called buoyant force, which is equal to the
weight of the liquid displaced by the submerged body.

38. Aerodynamics.
a. Centre of Pressure b. Angle of Attack c. Angle of Incidence
d. Critical angle e. Stalling angle and stalling speed f.
Chord line
g. Camber and camber line h. Mean Camber Line i. Sweepback
A: Centre of Pressure: It is the point on the chord line at which the resultant of all the
pressure forces acting on the aerofoil is assumed to be concentrated, which
produces a force that has no moment about this point.
Angle of Attack: It is the angle formed by the chord line of the wing with relative
airflow.
Angle of Incidence: It is the acute angle formed by the chord line of the wing with
a line parallel to the horizontal centreline or longitudinal axis of the airplane.
Critical angle: It is the maximum angle up to which the wing is capable of producing
lift.
Stalling Angle: It is the maximum angle beyond which, if angle of attack is
increased, the wing will no more be able to produce lift and thus will stall.
Stalling speed: It is the minimum speed below which, if the airplane is flown, the
wings will not be able to generate lift and thus will stall.
Chord line: It is an imaginary line from the leading edge to trailing edge of wing.
 Camber and camber line: Camber is the curvature of the wing. Camber line is the
line that follows the camber of the wing.
Mean Camber Line: A line drawn from wing leading edge to trailing edge such that
all points of the line are equidistant from the upper camber line and lower camber
line.
Sweepback: Sweepback angle is the angle made by a line perpendicular to the
fuselage centre line to the quarter chord of wing.
Boundary Layer: A layer of air that moves closest to the wing surface or surface of
the object under consideration.
Slip stream: The stream of air driven back by the propeller.

39.