Physics Part I (AIM)

Ch. 1 (Units)
 Experimental Physics
 Fundamental & Derived Units
 Graphs – Relations
*It’s something we do make sense of our observations – patterns seen are through
measurements that require units
Then we look for relationships to graphs and algebraic expressions.

Ch.2 (Vectors) – position *frame of reference – all relative (it matters the p.o.v you are
making the observations)
 Frame of Reference
 Coordinates
o Cartesian
o Polar
 Vectors/Scalar
 Vector Algebra (+ / - )
o Resultant
Ch. 3 1-D Motion
 Motion relative
o Uniform and Nonuniform – constant @ different time intervals is uniform
path while nonuniform at different intervals it covers different distancds
 Average and Instantaneous Motion
o Average and Instantaneous Velocity
 Calculating the average velocity over a infinite small period of time
while average is over a greater displacement
 [https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-does-instantaneous-velocity-
differ-from-average-velocity/]
o Constant vs. Constant (Uniform) Acceleration
 Constant Motion – means that velocity remains constant or
unchanging
 Constant Acceleration – velocity is changing but at a uniform rate
meaning that acceleration is -
 Relative Velocity – it’s the velocity from the frame of reference of some other thing
 Velocity, Speed, Acceleration
o Algebraic & Graphical Interpretation
o Area & Slope
 Uniformity
Ch. 4 (2-D Motion)
 Relative Motion – given the frame of reference from the p.ov.
 Relative Velocity (Effective Velocity)
 Relative Displacement
o Components to 2 parts
 Projectile Paths – only downward vertical force placed is gravity (constant vertical
accerlation)
o Horizontal Vertical would be independent
 Range – max horizontal distance of a projectile travels
 This would means that constant velocity with in the path there is no
force applied – zero acceleration for projectiles
o Launched @ Angle
 The initial velocity has to be broken into independent components
 Angle also affects range, trajectory more so
o Range – total horizontal distance traveled by the projectile
 Uniform Circular Motion
Q*: What is circular motion and its components?
Why is it important in terms of motion and how is circular motion different and similar to
other kinematic motions?
o Frequency
o Tangential Velocity
o Centripetal Force/ Acceleration
Q* What does the frequency show as well its connection to the scalar components in
circular motion.
*Kinematics we make sense of the a given frame of reference to describe various forms of
motion using the its units making sense of our observations
Ch. 5 (Forces and Newton’s Laws)
 Forces
o What are the various balanced and unbalanced forces and why is it significant
to motion and related to kinematics?
 Net Force
o What is the net force and how is related to static application of newton’s laws
?
 Equilibrium
o Static
o Dynamics
 What differentiates static and equilibrium states given net force and
why is important for various types of forces?
 Newton’s Law of Motion [free body diagram of various forces that work to resist or
to trigger motion – state of equilibrium affected]
 o 1st – inertia [ultimately the net force is zero but that means that either at rest
or there is a constant velocity meaning there is no acceleration
 Inertial – goes both ways either once in motion stays and once in rest
likely to stay in rest
nd
o 2 - mass/unbalanced
 Weight
rd
o 3 – conservation laws
o Static Applications
 Normal Force
 Spring
 Hooke’s Law
o Dynamic Application
 Incline
 Central Forces
o Tension
o Centripetal Force
 Friction
o Static
o Kinetic
o Coefficient of Friction

Q** How are the different forces and their directions significant in differentiating them
*Force triggers and changes the behaviors of motions – we find that there are laws that
explain their relationships (Newton’s)

Questions:
 Why are units and graphs essential to the study of Physics?
 Why is the concept of “relativity” significant in Physics and how is it applied to
describing patterns in Physics?
 How are vectors and scalar units different and significant to form the algebraic and
graphical connections between in both 1-D and 2-D kinematics and its variety?
 Explain how there are differences and similarities between the components of
various Kinematic motions.
 How are Newton’s Laws related to forces and explain the laws significance to the
components of various forces.
 How are the ideas of uniformity, static, dynamics related to kinematics and
dynamics?
 How are the kinematic formulas using scalar and vectors related to derive them and
what are their significances? (Math)
 AIM (Part 2)
Ch. 6 – 19
Ch. 6. (Energy, Work, Impulse)
 Work – Force
 Energy – Work
o PE
 Gravitational
o KE
 Einstein’s theory of relativity
 Mass – energy
 Power
 Elastic energy & Hooke’s Law
 Law of conservation of energy

* F that causes object to move means work is done it – helps measure dynamics
Or work means how much energy is transferred (as forms of energy transferred it leads the
force to cause object to move)
Energy – capacity to do work required for work to be done  The main trigger for the F
(dynamics) cause Motion (kinematics) idea

Ch. 7 (Impacts and Linear Momentum)

 Impact Forces
 Internal and External
 Momentum and Impulse
 Law of conservation of linear momentum
 Elastic and elastic collision

* Collisions trigger by impact force some damage –

Momentum is the quantity of motion – measure of kinematics
Impulse would be the change of momentum over time
Force is the rate of change of momentum (how fast the quantity of motion changes)

Ch. 8 (Kepler’s Law and Gravitational Pull)

 Kepler’s Laws
o Foci
o Ellipse
 o Eccentricity
o Kepler’s Constant
 Angular Momentum
 Newton’s law of universal gravitation
 Eccentricity
 Gravitational potential energy
 Orbits

*Describing the relationships and motion of the planets given laws

Ch. 9 (Heat and Temperature)

 Thermal Dynamics
o Q** What really does it involve in its components and how does its
interrelation explain the pattern behavior of particle behavior.
o Q** Compare its laws and conservation in the system of thermodynamics to
Newton’s laws of motion
 Kinetic Theory
 Temperature and heat
Q* What is temperature and why is crucial to take a judgement of the KE of particles?
*How do the fluctuations of temperature affect the speed and why is that related to
understanding the behavior of particles and its patterns? What makes it significant for the
grander scheme of physics?
*Compare the system in terms of energy and work – make that connection with heat and
temperature.
 KE & PE of molecules
 Internal energy
Q* What is it?
 Temperature measurements and parts
*How does it form a relation of the state of equilibrium for the net forces at play for
components of temperature.
 Expansion & Contraction
o Solid
o Gases
o Liquids
 Charles’ laws
 Boyles’ laws
 Volume & pressure
 Pascal

*Relationship of motion (extraction and contraction) of molecules within matter with its
relationships of several laws
Ch. 10 (Measurement of Heat)
 Heat Content
 Internal energy
 Specific heat capacity
 Change of phase
 Heat of fusion
 Regelation
 Vaporization
o Evaporation
o Boiling
 Heat of vaporization
 Boiling point

o Sublimation
 Condensation
* Just the dynamics in PE and KE within molecules when heating occurs and the changes in
phases that happens as well as its characteristics – the behavior of the matters applied
solid, liquid, gas and its processes

Ch. 11 (Heat and Work)

 Heat and mechanical energy
 Transfer of energy/Conservation of energy
 Adiabatic process and boyles’ law
 Thermodynamics
o 1st law - conservation
o 2nd law – entropy
 Asdiabatic
 Isochoric
 Isobaric
 Heat Transfer Methods
o Conduction
 Insulators
o Convection
o Radiation
  Electromagnetic wave
*Trifecta relationship between what, energy and work then goes into methods of transfer
(experimental)

Ch. 12: Wave, Motion and Sound

• Wave Motion
• Periodic Oscillation
• Properties of Waves
• Sound
• Resonance and Interference
• Standing Waves and Vibrating Air Columns
• Vibrating Strings
• Doppler Effect

*describing the motion of the wave and its properties with variations

Ch. 13: Geometric Optics:

• Reflection
• Image Formation in Mirrors
• Refraction and Snell’s Law
• Image Formation in Lenses
• Dispersion and Colors
• Electromagnetic Spectrum

*describing the motion of light and its various properties and laws that describe its
relationship

Ch. 14: Physical Optics

• Light and Interference

• Thin Film Interference
• Diffraction of Light by a Grating
• Polarization

*taking two different light paths and observe their patterns of motion as well as
characeristics

Ch. 15: Electricity

• The Nature of Electric Charges
• Detecting Electric Charges
• Coulomb’s Law
• Electric Fields
• Electrical Potential and Potential Difference
• Electric Circuits and Ohm’s Law
• Series and Parallel Circuits
• Electric Energy and Power

*The relationship of the electric force that acts on a “charge” – see how motions of charges
are described and their behaviors change. Also showcases how measure of work done on a
charge under a electric field this helps describe the kinematics of currents in circuits

Ch. 16: Magnetism

• Types of Magnetic Materials

• Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Flux
• Electromagnetism and Hand Rules
• Forces on Current-Carrying Wires and on Moving Charges
• Electromagnetic Induction and Lenz’s Law

*using the scalar and vector (mag & direction) to interpret magnetic forces on the charges
with variations on its effect on motions through some mediums under a magnetic field

Ch. 17: Elements of Electronics

• Capacitors
• Thermionic Emission and Electron Beams
• Cathode Ray Tubes

*we can think of it a describing how PE of a charge is stored and its processes/behavioral
descriptions

Ch. 18: Quantum Theory and Nuclear Physics

• Photoelectric Effect
• Atomic Models
• Radioactivity
• Nuclear Changes
• Subatomic Particles and Accelerators
• Fission and Fusion

*The interrelations of many of physics’ components in understanding their patterns of

observation embedded such as changes in work, energy, momentum, light in a nuclear
setting
*We’re describing behavioral characteristics/relations using light components and energy
for nuclear particles

Ch. 19: Special Relativity

• Postulates of Special Relativity

• Length Contraction
• Time Dilation
• Mass and Energy Equivalence

*Expressing the interrelations of components of Physics Laws applies regardless of Frame of

Reference with the condition of holding things constant (special relativity)

Guiding Questions:
 How do the various fields for the types of forces placed on some particle overlapping
or contrasting in their components of their forces and the behavior of their motions?
 How does energy, work and impulse run parallel to the momentum and impulse as
well how momentum and impulse are connected to Newton’s second law of motion.
 As different fields in physics contain different particles of showcasing the
relationship of the cause and descriptive behaviors of their motions, compare and
contrast each of their relationships so that it signifies the connection of the big
picture of physics’ interpretation of observed data in laws, graphical and algebraic
relationships.
Largest Chunks:

1. Motions
a. Types
b. Components
2. Forces
a. Types
3. Energy & Work
a. Types
4. Laws
a. Types
i. Systems

Behaviors  Applications