Introduction To Leadership Concepts and Practice 4th Edition Northouse Test Bank 1

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Northouse, Introduction to Leadership, 4e

SAGE Publishing, 2018
Introduction to Leadership Concepts

and Practice 4th Edition Northouse
Test Bank
Full download at link: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-
introduction-to-leadership-concepts-and-practice-4th-edition-
northouse-1506330088-9781506330082/
Chapter 4: Understanding Philosophy and Styles

Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A person’s view of people, work, and human nature shape their ______.
a. personal leadership philosophy
b. outlook on life
c. potential
d. goals and aspirations
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
2. Douglas McGregor’s theory on leadership is ______.

a. laissez-faire
b. Theory X and Theory Y
c. democratic
d. authoritarian
Ans: B
Answer Location: Leadership Philosophy Explained
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
3. Which of the following is not an assumption of Theory X?

a. People dislike work.
b. People need to be directed and controlled.
Instructor Resource
c. People dislike each other.

d. People want security not responsibility.
Ans: C
Answer Location: Table 4.1: Assumptions of McGregor’s Theory X
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
4. Which of the following is an assumption of Theory Y?

a. People like their coworkers.
b. People like and identify with their leader.
c. People believe work conditions will improve.
d. People accept and seek responsibility.
Ans: D
Answer Location: Table 4.2: Assumptions of McGregor’s Theory Y
5. A manager views their employees as unmotivated unless a reward is given. This

manager’s views align with which assumption of Theory X?
a. People dislike work because managers are generally irresponsible.
b. People need to be directed and controlled.
c. People want security not responsibility.
d. People will argue unless consequences are strict.
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Assumption #2. People Need to be Directed and Controlled
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork.
6. Your new manager is highly motivational, gives clear directions and timelines, and is
quick to point out inefficiencies. They likely ascribe to ______ leadership philosophy.
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. laissez-faire
d. authoritarian
Ans: A
Answer Location: Theory X
Difficulty Level: Hard
Instructor Resource
7. Former President Jimmy Carter and his work in retirement is given as an example of
which philosophy?
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. laissez-faire
d. democratic
Ans: B
Answer Location: Theory Y
8. An organization that emphasizes common cultural values, beliefs, and objectives

while highly collaborative is known as a ______.
a. democratic organization
b. Theory Y organization
c. Theory X organization
d. Theory Z organization
Ans: D
Answer Location: Assumption #3. In the Proper Environment, the Average Person
Learns to Accept and Seek Responsibility
9. ______ is defined as the behaviors of leaders, focusing on what leaders do and how
they act.
a. Leadership philosophy
b. Leadership style
c. Assumption #1 of Theory Y
d. Assumption # 2 of Theory Y
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire
leadership styles.
Answer Location: Leadership Styles Explained
10. The authoritarian leadership style is most similar to ______.

a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. leader–member exchange theory
Instructor Resource
d. unrealized strengths
Ans: A
leadership styles.
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
11. Which of the following is not used to describe authoritarian leadership?

a. pessimistic
b. negative
c. empowering
d. discouraging
Ans: C
leadership styles.
12. Your new manager requires that all communication is directed towards them and not
circulated among the team, determines and sets goals for the team, and is quick to
praise and criticize. Their behaviors most closely align with which style?
a. Theory Y
b. laissez-faire
c. democratic
d. authoritarian
Ans: D
leadership styles.
13. The outcomes of authoritarian leadership include all of the following except ______.
a. efficient
b. productive
c. submissiveness
d. individuality
Ans: D
leadership styles.
Instructor Resource

14. You step in to a new position with management of a team. You notice the team
relies heavily on you to set goals, they never offer new ideas, and they depend on you
to make all decisions. It is likely that your predecessor used which style of leadership?
a. Theory Y
b. authoritarian
c. laissez-faire
d. democratic
Ans: B
leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, application
15. Authoritarian leadership can become ______ leadership where leaders coerce
followers to engage in unethical or immoral activities.
a. abusive
b. difficult
c. empowering
d. beneficial
Ans: A
leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: comprehension
Difficulty Level: medium
AACSB Standard: ethical understanding and reasoning
16. ______ leaders provide information, guidance, and suggestions and do so without
applying pressure.
a. Theory X
b. Authoritarian
c. Democratic
d. Laissez-faire
Ans: C
leadership styles.
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Instructor Resource
17. Which of the following is an outcome of democratic leadership?

a. efficiency
b. productive
c. established goals
d. cohesiveness
Ans: D
leadership styles.
18. Upon interviewing for an internship you notice that the workplace is a positive
environment, people seem engaged in their work, and participative in meetings during
your time there. The leadership of the office likely enages in ______ leadership.
a. democratic
b. Theory X
c. laissez-faire
d. authoritarian
Ans: A
leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, application
19. Democratic leadership results in greater group member ______.

a. satisfaction
b. commitment
c. cohesiveness
d. all of these
Ans: D
leadership styles.
20. You are appointed to head a special project team with a two week deadline. You
need to be efficient and timely. Which leadership style should you enact?
a. democratic
b. laissez-faire
Instructor Resource
c. authoritarian
d. Theory Y
Ans: C
leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Application
21. Democratic leadership style is described as having what downside?

a. It takes more time.
b. It negatively impacts followers.
c. It hinders creativity.
d. It negatively impacts leaders.
Ans: A
leadership styles.
22. Laissez-faire leadership has been labeled by some as ______.

a. bad leadership
b. nonleadership
c. aggressive leadership
d. negative leadership
Ans: B
leadership styles.
Answer Location: Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
23. Outcomes from laissez-faire leadership are ______.

a. directionless followers
b. chaos
c. frustration
d. all of these
Ans: D
leadership styles.
Instructor Resource

24. Laissez-faire leaders ______.

a. encourage communication between group members and with the leader
b. engage in minimal influence over followers
c. give objective praise and criticism of workers
d. encourage communication between group members and with the leader and give
objective praise and criticism of workers
Ans: B
leadership styles.
25. What theory asserts that workers want to be taken care of and protected by their
leaders?
a. Theory Y
b. Theory X
c. authoritarian
d. democratic
Ans: B
Answer Location: Assumption #3. People Want Security, Not Responsibility
AACSB Standard: Social responsibility
26. Theory Y managers believe ______.

a. the average person is inherently resourceful
b. people are more productive when they depend on their bosses
c. people have the capacity to engage in a wide range of goal-setting and problem
solving
d. the average person is inherently resourceful and people have the capacity to engage
in a wide range of goal-setting and problem solving
Ans: D
27. The primary work on styles of leadership (authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire)

was done by ______.
Instructor Resource
a. McGregor
b. Lewin, Lippitt, and White
c. Graen and Uhl-Bien
d. Burns
Ans: B
leadership styles.
28. Which of the following are commonly observed styles of leadership?

a. authoritarian
b. democratic
c. exploratory
d. authoritarian and democratic
Ans: D
leadership styles.
Answer Location: Summary
29. Which of the following describes the laissez-faire leadership style?

a. group members participate in decision making
b. very little is accomplished
c. lets employees know rules and standards for what they are supposed to do
d. leaders are quick to point out inefficiencies
Ans: B
leadership styles.
30. Democratic leaders ______.

a. treat subordinates as fully capable of doing work on their own
b. work with subordinates, treating them in an egalitarian manner
c. use hierarchy to separate levels of competence
d. treat subordinates as fully capable of doing work on their own and work with
subordinates, treating them in an egalitarian manner
Ans: D
Instructor Resource

leadership styles.
31. When followers are left completely on their own with no direction, they become
______.
a. frustrated
b. happy
c. engaged
d. goal-driven
Ans: A
leadership styles.
32. While interning with a company for the summer, you feel the climate is stagnant,
four employees out of twelve leave during your three months there, and few employees
seem to know whats going on or be engaged in their work. The office would appear to
operate under which leadership style?
a. authoritarian
b. eemocratic
c. laissez-faire
d. Theory Y
Ans: C
leadership styles.
33. Jack’s immediate boss lets him set his own schedule, does not offer support or
direction, and is generally hands-off. Jack’s boss is following which of the following
leadership philosophies?
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. laissez-faire
d. democratic
Ans: C
Instructor Resource

leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Application, comprehension
34. Helping each subordinate reach their own personal goals is important to ______
leadership.
a. democratic
b. authoritarian
c. laissez-faire
d. Theory X
Ans: A
leadership styles.
Answer Location: Leadership Styles in Practice
35. Leaders who exhibit higher amounts of influence over their followers are ______.
a. democratic
b. authoritarian
c. egalitarian
d. laissez-faire
Ans: B
leadership styles.
36. Laissez-faire leadership has what impact on follower productivity?

a. reduces productivity
b. increases productivity
c. maintains productivity
d. ignores productivity
Ans: A
leadership styles.
Instructor Resource
37. According to authoritarian leadership, ______.

a. leaders should encourage communication among group members
b. leaders need to exert influence and control over group members
c. subordinates need direction
d. leaders need to exert influence and control over group members and subordinates
need direction
Ans: D
leadership styles.
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors,
38. Authoritarian leadership assumes that workers wish to ______ responsibility and
prefer to be ______.
a. accept; left alone
b. avoid; directed
c. shirk; scolded
d. embrace; congratulated
Ans: b
leadership styles.
39. A person who sees work as engaging and satisfying would identify with which
philosophy or style?
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. authoritarian
d. laissez-faire
Ans: B
40. An organization that maintains formal authority structures while also recognizing
individual achievements is known as a ______ organization.
a. Theory Z
b. Theory X
Instructor Resource
c. Theory Y
d. laissez-faire
Ans: A
leadership styles.
41. In their research on leadership styles, Lewin, Lippitt, and White studied the impact of
authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-fair styles on what subject group?
a. business executives
b. 10-year-old boys
c. college students
d. laborers
Ans: B
leadership styles.
42. When a new employee is just learning a new job, what style might be the most
effective in orienting them to the work?
a. Theory Y
b. democratic
c. authoritarian
d. laissez-faire
Ans: C
leadership styles.
AACSB Standard: Social responsibility
43. You meet with your manager for a performance review. The manager previously
gave you an objective rubric that they would be using for this review. It is likely that your
manager ascribes to ______ leadership.
a. authoritarian
b. democratic
c. laissez-faire
d. Theory X
Instructor Resource
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning
44. Douglas McGregor believed that understanding worker’s motivations was the key to
becoming an effective ______.
a. manager
b. follower
c. CEO
d. board member
Ans: A
Answer Location: Leadership Philosophies Explained
45. A manager who views their subordinates as capable of self-direction and thus
provides minimal guidance and support could be a ______ leader.
a. democratic
b. authoritarian
c. Theory Y
d. democratic and Theory Y
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies | 4-2: Discuss the
authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Answer Location: Summary
46. As a manager you have trained and worked with your team for three years. A new
project is assigned to your group, one that is very similar to previous projects the team
has accomplished with great success. In this situation it might be appropriate to use
______ leadership.
a. Theory X
b. authoritarian
c. laissez-faire
d. Theory X and authoritarian
Ans: C
leadership styles.
Instructor Resource

47. Victoria Ransom believes that ______ and ______ are important and need to be
universally embraced within a company or they will crumble.
a. values; culture
b. leaders; followers
c. profits; customer service
d. rules; regulations
Ans: A
Answer Location: Leadership Snapshot
48. Leadership styles are not distinct entities, which means a leader may exhibit ______
style in a given situation.
a. more than one
b. only one
c. a democratic
d. an authoritarian
Ans: A
49. In developing his ideas about Theory Z organizations, William Ouchi contrasted
individualistic work cultures from American companies with those of more collectivistic
______ companies.
a. Brazilian
b. English
c. Soviet
d. Japanese
Ans: D
Instructor Resource
50. Leadership styles can be thought of as a continuum from high leader influence to
low leader influence. High leader influence is associated with Authoritarian styles, while
little or no leader influence is ______ style.
a. Theory X
b. democratic
c. Theory Y
d. laissez-faire
Ans: D
True/False
1. Our philosophy of leadership is based on a unique set of beliefs and attitudes about
the nature of people and work.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Leadership Philosophy Explained
2. A manager is constantly giving directives to employees and micromanaging them.

This manager engages in Theory Y leadership.
Ans: F
Answer Location: Assumption #2. People Need to be Directed and Controlled
3. Authoritarian leadership can lead to increased efficiency and clarity in people’s work.
Ans: T
leadership styles.
4. The worker who says “If I didn’t need to pay my bills, I would never work” is an
example of the Theory Y assumptions.
Ans: F
Instructor Resource

Answer Location: Theory X & Theory Y
5. Leaders who exhibit higher amounts of influence are more democratic.

Ans: F
leadership styles.
6. Democratic leadership results in stronger motivation and greater originality.

Ans: T
leadership styles.
Difficulty Level: medium
7. Authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire are all distinct styles that do not overlap.
Ans: F
leadership styles.
8. A professor who persuades students to hand in homework assignments by

threatening them with bad grades is an example of Theory X leadership.
Ans: T
9. Democratic leaders give objective praise and criticism.

Ans: T
leadership styles.
Instructor Resource

10. From the perspective of Theory X, leaders play a significant role in getting others to
accomplish their work.
Ans: T
Essay
1. Are you a Theory X Leader, or a Theory Y Leader? Support your answer with specific
examples.
Ans:
Theory X: The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible; people need to
be directed and controlled; people want security, not responsibility.
Theory Y: The average person does not inherently dislike work. Doing work is as natural
as play; People will show responsibility and self-control towards goals to which they are
committed; in the proper environment the average person learns to accept and seek
responsibility.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies. | 4-3: Describe how leadership
styles function in practice.
Answer Location: Theory X & Theory Y
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal behaviors and teamwork.
2. Analyze authoritarian leadership style for the positive and negative aspects of its
outcomes. When would you utilize this style, when would you not?
Ans: On the positive side, it is efficient and productive. Authoritarian leaders give
direction and clarity to people’s work and accomplish more in a shorter period.
Furthermore, authoritarian leadership is useful in establishing goals and work
standards. On the negative side, it fosters dependence, submissiveness, and a loss of
individuality. The creativity and personal growth of subordinates may be hindered. It is
possible that, over time, subordinates will lose interest in what they are doing and
become dissatisfied with their work. If that occurs, authoritarian leadership can create
discontent, hostility, and even aggression.
leadership styles. | 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application | Analysis
Instructor Resource

3. Are there times when authoritarian leadership style becomes unethical? Provide
examples to support your arguments.
Ans: In addition, authoritarian leadership can become abusive leadership, where these
leaders use their influence, power and control for their personal interests or to coerce
followers to engage in unethical or immoral activities. For example, a coach who
withholds playing time from athletes who openly disagree with his play calls or a boss
that requires salaried employees to work up to 20 hours of overtime each week or “be
replaced with someone who will” are both examples of the dark side of authoritarian
leadership.
Cognitive Domain: Application | Analysis
AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning
4. Discuss and analyze Victoria Ransom’s leadership from the Leadership Snapshot.
Which leadership style do you think she most closely practices?
Ans: Victoria Ransom likely practices democratic leadership.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis | Application
Answer Location: Leadership Snapshot
5. Distinguish between a philosophy of leadership and a style of leadership. How do

they inform each other?
Ans: Your leadership style is driven by your personal leadership philosophy.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies. | 4-2: Discuss the
authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles. | 4-3: Describe how
leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application | Analysis
Answer Location: Leadership Philosophy | Explained Leadership Styles Explained
6. Why does the democratic style of leadership promote greater creativity among
employees than the other styles of leadership?
Ans: People are motivated to pursue their own talents under the supportive structure of
democratic leadership.
Instructor Resource

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application
7. Under what circumstances can the laissez-fair style of leadership work? Have you
experience laissez-faire leadership? Were the outcomes positive or negative in your
experience?
Ans: See example in last paragraph of “Laissez-faire leadership style”
8. Briefly discuss two assumptions of Theory Y

Ans: People like work; People are self-motivated; People accept and seek
responsibility.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
9. Briefly discuss two assumptions of Theory X

Ans: People dislike work; People need to be directed and controlled; People want
security, not responsibility.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
10. How does Laissez-Faire leadership compare to Theory X and Theory Y?

Ans: The laissez-faire leadership style is dissimilar to both Theory X and Theory Y.
Laissez-faire leaders do not try to control followers as Theory X leaders do, and they do
not try to nurture and guide followers as Theory Y leaders do. Laissez-faire stands
alone as a style of leadership; some have labeled it nonleadership. The laissez-faire
leader is a nominal leader who engages in minimal influence.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies. | 4-2: Discuss the
authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles. | 4-3: Describe how
leadership styles function in practice.
Instructor Resource
Answer Location: Theory X | Theory Y | Laissez-Faire Leadership Style


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Instructor Resource

Northouse, Introduction to Leadership, 4e

Introduction to Leadership Concepts

Chapter 4: Understanding Philosophy and Styles

2. Douglas McGregor’s theory on leadership is ______.

3. Which of the following is not an assumption of Theory X?

c. People dislike each other.

4. Which of the following is an assumption of Theory Y?

5. A manager views their employees as unmotivated unless a reward is given. This

8. An organization that emphasizes common cultural values, beliefs, and objectives

10. The authoritarian leadership style is most similar to ______.

11. Which of the following is not used to describe authoritarian leadership?

Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style

17. Which of the following is an outcome of democratic leadership?

19. Democratic leadership results in greater group member ______.

21. Democratic leadership style is described as having what downside?

22. Laissez-faire leadership has been labeled by some as ______.

23. Outcomes from laissez-faire leadership are ______.

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Laissez-faire leaders ______.

26. Theory Y managers believe ______.

27. The primary work on styles of leadership (authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire)

28. Which of the following are commonly observed styles of leadership?

29. Which of the following describes the laissez-faire leadership style?

30. Democratic leaders ______.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire

36. Laissez-faire leadership has what impact on follower productivity?

37. According to authoritarian leadership, ______.

Answer Location: Leadership Styles in Practice

2. A manager is constantly giving directives to employees and micromanaging them.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.

5. Leaders who exhibit higher amounts of influence are more democratic.

6. Democratic leadership results in stronger motivation and greater originality.

8. A professor who persuades students to hand in homework assignments by

9. Democratic leaders give objective praise and criticism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style

5. Distinguish between a philosophy of leadership and a style of leadership. How do

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire

8. Briefly discuss two assumptions of Theory Y

9. Briefly discuss two assumptions of Theory X

10. How does Laissez-Faire leadership compare to Theory X and Theory Y?

Answer Location: Theory X | Theory Y | Laissez-Faire Leadership Style

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