GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN

PLANNING COMMISSION
PC-1 FORM
1. Name of the CONSTRUCTION 04 NOS DAMS IN NAGARPARKAR AREA
Project (THAR REGION).

2. Location The small dam sites are located in Nagarparkar area, about 530 km
east of Karachi town in Sindh near south eastern border with India.

The geographical reference of project area near Nagarparkar is

located between Latitude 24o 16’ 10” N to 24o 33’ 00” N and
Longitude 70o 36’ 50” E to 71o 03’ 00”. The Nagarparkar area is
connected with road net work from Karachi, Hyderabad and Badin via
Mithi and Islamkot.

3. Authorities
Responsible for

(i) Sponsoring Irrigation Department, Government of Sindh

(ii) Execution Irrigation Department Government of Sindh

(iii) Operation and Executive Engineer Small Dams, Division Nagarparkar, Irrigation
Maintenance Department, Government of Sindh

(iv) Concerned Ministry of Water and Power, Government of Pakistan

Federal Ministry

4. (a) Plan Provision

i) if the Project is This scheme is part of the Umbrella PC-I Costing Rs. 12,211 Million
included in the which has conceptually been cleared by CDWP in meeting held on
medium term / January, 12, 2008.
Five Year Plan,
specify actual
allocation.

ii) If not included

in the Current As above
Plan, what
warrants its
inclusion and how
is now proposed
to be
accommodated.
 iii) If the Project is
proposed to be Not Applicable
financed out of
block provision,
indicate

Total Block Amount Already Amount Proposed Balance Available

Provision Committed for the Project
12,211 Million -- 635.000 Million --

(b) Provision in Rs: 920.000 Million

the current year
2011-12 (V) PSDP

5. (i) Project The Government of Sindh has put great emphasis on the supply of
Objectives and its irrigation and potable water to the population in urban, suburban and
relationship with remote areas. The Irrigation Department, Government of Sindh has
Sector Objectives established Sindh Small Dams Organization (SDO) during 2007 to
carry out studies, and execute construction of Small Dams at feasible
sites within the province. For this purpose the SDO Sindh has already
carried out studies in the regions of Kohistan and Nagarparkar. They
have also initiated construction of about scores of small dams,
retention weirs and bunds both in Kohistan and Nagarparkar areas.
About 6 small dams have been successfully been completed and
yielding the benefits, While the work on 4 schemes is in progress and
expected to be start benefits shortly.

The Nagarparkar area is located at south east corner of Sindh

Province & has a high potential for constructing additional
dams/bunds for the harvesting of rainfall generated runoff. Average
annual rainfall in the area of Tharparkar district is the highest in the
Sindh Province which is calculated as 13.4” (340mm) from rainfall
records of past 85 years. Although, the rain in Sindh area is scanty
and erratic, unprecedented rains of more than 20 inches (500mm) in
various parts of Thar and Nagarparkar during monsoon of 2011 which
broken ever record in the past and generated heavy runoff, which
also filled all the dams mostly and have given hope that there is a
great potential for developing rainwater resources in these areas.

5. (ii) Incase of revised

projects, indicate
Not Applicable
objectives of the
project if different
from original PC-I
6. (i) Description, Introduction
Justification,
Technical The Nagarparkar area is without any proper irrigation system. Most of
Parameters and rain falling on Karoonjhar hills flows towards Rann of Kutch with little
technology recharging of groundwater. There is need to make systematic efforts
to conserve water resources and utilize them properly. The dam
transfer aspects
construction is one of the step to consume the water potential either
by recharging or through canal or Drip Irrigation System. These
efforts will change the scenario of desert into fertile green belt.

More than 80,000 people live in Nagarparkar area who are poorest
among the poor & 90% of the population is living below the poverty
line.

The proposed project is continuation of Government Pakistan’s plan

to construct recharge delay action dams in arid zones of Pakistan.

The project proposes construction, extension and raising of dams for

groundwater recharge at all potential and feasible sites within
Nagarparkar area. The objectives of the project are summarized as
under:

 Conservation of rain water and recharge of groundwater with

the aim that minimum water is lost in the salty marshes of Rann
of Kutch.
 Hundreds of wells in 50,000 acres plain area will be recharged
through small dams.
 Some of the ponds can also provide surface storage for direct
use of people and animals.
 The availability of water is expected to convert dream of
poverty alleviation in Nagarparkar area into reality where about
80,000 people live.
 The project will improve the living conditions and result in
woman-emancipation.
 The conservation of water will improve sources of income of
the local people.
 Project will go a long way in improving the health and socio-
economic conditions of population of the area.
 Project will reduce the migration of population in dry season.
 The project on completion will supply about 5,300 Acre-ft (6.38
million cubic meters) of water in the form of groundwater
recharge and surface storage which can be used for direct
irrigation and domestic purposes and will benefits about 600
acres of fertile cultivable land.
The sites for dams and weirs have been selected after complete
evaluation on the basis of filed reconnaissance, topographic surveys,
subsurface investigations, hydrological study, evaluation of inflows,
reservoir capacities etc. Twenty one (21) sites have been selected for
 creation of recharge ponds. Out of which ten (10) dams are in
category A, which have relatively large reservoirs and large
catchments areas. In these dams, concrete spillways are proposed to
be provided and embankments are to be raised and extended. Eleven
(11) bunds are in category B, where due to their small sizes no
spillways are proposed to be provided but only raising and
strengthening of existing bunds is proposed.

Drip Irrigation system and Water outlet will be added to the six (6)
existing dams. Four dams which were constructed by some NGO’s in
stone masonry and are now damaged shall be replaced with properly
designed concrete gravity dams.

List and details of these dams are given below:

Capacity of Mean
Catchment
Sr Dam / Bund Reservoir / Annual
Area
No Name/Number Pond Flows
Sq. Km Acre-Ft Acre-Ft

1 Bartalao Dam 1.070 94.24 65.32

2 Umedde Ka Wandhio Dam 1.064 34.99 64.96
3 Chanida Dam 9.732 24.74 594.03
4 Rinmalsar Dam 2.816 21.42 171.88

6 Hydrology Catchment Area

Water
Availability and The Nagarparkar is spreaded in an area of 13.5km long x 5km wide
Project Sizing with 1150ft high granitic Karoonjhar hills in its center. Small nala/nadi
and rivers originate form Karoonijhar hills and drain towards the
Rann-of-Kutch. None of the rivers is perennial and as such there is no
base flow. Only flood flow keeps flowing for few hours to couple of
days after each sizeable rainfall event. Gordhro, Bhatiani, Jinjo,
Adigam Surachand, Surdran, Kasbo, Mue and Mudro are main
watersheds of Nagarparkar which originate from Karoonjhar hills and
go into waste in the sand of Nagarparkar and in case of very high
rainfall the water reaches to Run-of-Kutch.
Rainfall

Average annual rainfall for the Nagarparkar based on available data

recorded at various stations in the area for the period 1926-2009 is of
the order of 340 mm (13.4inches). The maximum annual rainfall of
1,600mm was recorded in year 2011.

Average monthly rainfall is given below:

Month Average Monthly rainfall

January 2.28
February 2.09
March 2.10
April 1.11
May 3.39
June 28.32
July 137.34
August 101.92
September 49.82
October 5.20
November 3.02
December 0.84
Total 337.32 mm

Climatic Conditions

The Nagarparkar is usually hot during summer when temperature

varies form 35o to 42o. In winter, the weather is mild with temperature
between 20o to 25o. The maximum and minimum temperatures and
evaporation losses during various months of the year are given
below:

o
Mean Temperature C Evaporation (mm)
Month
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum
January 7.80 3.20 80.70 32.30
February 15.30 4.50 103.14 42.00
March 24.20 5.00 147.26 90.20
April 32.20 10.20 211.00 145.50
May 37.80 17.40 280.27 209.20
June 45.20 31.00 329.53 272.50
July 47.80 33.20 323.81 276.30
August 41.40 31.40 304.15 240.00
September 37.20 15.00 244.00 178.20
October 32.10 13.70 215.51 162.70
November 22.10 8.90 155.51 87.50
December 10.80 2.90 100.08 37.40
Inflows at Dam site

The size of storage for any dam depends on inflows available at the
proposed dam or bund site, and total demand for the reservoir to
meet the specific need for which the reservoir is being planned.
Monthly flows of Nagarparkar dams and weir have been worked out
using available rainfall data at Nagarparkar for the period 1926-2009.
The estimated flows are used to working out the reservoir sizes.
Monthly inflows estimated using SCS method and considering the
catchment areas of bunds. Total annual inflow 11537Acre-ft or about
14.23 MCM is calculated for all three categories of proposed dam
weir sites. The highest annual inflow for a single dam / bund is
estimated for Veerawah Bund on Chhariasar Nai which is calculated
as 3,100Acft.

Spillway Design Floods

According to the TOR requirements and according to the standard

practice for small dams the 100 year rainfall ddata was computed for
each weir and dam site. The design flood was generated from rainfall
data with SCS method. Depending hydrological features and
catchment area the 100-year flood, The peak discharge vary from a
minimum of 500 cfs for Wanihar dam and maximum of 5,644 cfs for
Chanida Bund.

Reservoir Operation Study and Water Balance

Detailed reservoir operation study has been done on monthly basis

for the 54-year period (1956-2009) for each proposed bund in the
scheme. Reservoir simulation model ROMB was deployed for
carrying out this study. This model accounts for the various possible
variables such as rainfall into the reservoir, evaporation and seepage
losses out of reservoir besides the linear or variable monthly
demands of water from the reservoir in the simulation. This program
also carries out the water supply curtailment mechanism
automatically based on the reservoir level and available storage in the
reservoir. The program also takes care of ground water recharge in
the bund floor based on permeability of bed material and water head
in the reservoir.

The analysis has shown that the total amount of water reaching into
the proposed reservoirs of all categories A, B and C in an average
year is about 8,955 acre-ft. However, due to limited capacities of
bunds and high evaporation rate in the area about 5,127 acre-ft is
going out of spillways and to evaporation losses, 1,396 acre-ft of
water is recharging the ground water and 2,429 acre-ft is supplied for
the human and animal consumptions.
 The maximum amount of water supplied from the Vera Vah reservoir
is about 1930 acre-ft, while the minimum amount of water supplied
from the Khetlai bund is about 2.85 acre-ft.

Sedimentation

The sediments for proposed sites were calculated by two methods

which are given as follows:

(i) qs = (1+Kb) 292.66 A –0.12

Where
qs = sediment annual rate (m3/ km2/yr)
A = the catchment area (km2)
Kb = the ratio between the fractional sediments
(bed load) and the suspended sediments. The
value of Kb varies between 22% and 29%.

(ii) Second method is based on the percentage of mean annual

flows. The estimations are carried out on the basis of recent
sediment surveys of different dams in Pakistan. Sediment
loads is taken as 0.5% of mean annual flow for Nagarparkar
dams.

The estimated sediment for the Nagarparkar dams computed from

two methods are given in. It may be noted from the that the amount of
sediments varies from bund to bund within project area and ranging
from 0.254 acre-ft for Adigam (small reservoir) to about 2.16 acre-ft
for Chanida (biggest reservoir). It was noted during site visits that
there is no significant amount of sediments collected behind the
existing bunds which are there for about 20 years or more. Most of
the sediment load in Nagarparkar is in shape of bed load (coarse
sand) which is deposited at the reservoir rims where the speed of
reaching water slows down; while very little suspended load in shape
of silt and clay is reaching into the reservoir. Parts of these sediments
used for making brick during the dry season of year when there is
very little water in the bunds.

6.3 Topographic Topographic surveys of the dam/weir sites and reservoir areas were
Surveys carried out using Total Station and computerized survey techniques.
Degilaized maps for dam site as well as for the reservoir area have
been prepared. GPS coordinates were taken from the equipment for
each works site and these were used for both horizontal and vertical
survey control. The maps were prepared on 1:1,000 scale and have
contours at 1 ft. interval.
 Elevation area capacity relation curves for the proposed reservoir
were evolved using the surveyed reservoir area maps. Area and
capacity curves thus developed were used in the reservoir sizing and
carrying out detailed reservoir operations.

6.4 Geology and Rocks

Subsurface
Investigations Nagarparkar geology is dominated by Pre-Cambrian Complex of
granite, granite gneiss, amphibolites and other undifferentiated
igneous rock of variable shades that standout as steep hills and hill
range above the vast expanse of sandy plain. The increasing aridity
and variations of temperatures are instrumental in disintegrating the
rocks and helping in accumulation of sand which is distributed by
action of wind. Besides igneous rocks, a much younger sedimentary
unit Known as Bar-Tala formation represents a shallow water
semiarid deposition. The rock is gritty to coarse grained sandstone
which contains thin layers of sandy marls. It is light, compact and
indurated and exhibits current bedding and ripple marks. The
formation to the west of Karun-Jhar Hill granite consists of
conglomerate.

Soils

The undulating flat plain is covered with variable soils mainly derived
by erosion and residual weathering of the granites, granite gneisses
and amphibolites.

Residual Soils

The residual soil characterizing the Nagarparkar plain is essentially

derived from the granite basement and is composed of reddish
brown, variegated lateritic clay and Kaolin. The laterites are
essentially oxides of iron and of alumina and are formed under warm,
humid climate with plentiful of rainfall and good drainage which
existed before and after Pleistocene period upto 3000 to 4000 years
ago. The Kaolin deposit in Nagarparkar is one of the largest deposit
in Pakistan after swat. These kaolin (China City) deposit comprise
several large lenticular pockets within the residual lateritic clay and
laterites of northeast-southwest running belt of Dhed Vero Complex
largely due to hydrothermal alteration and weathering of orthoclase
feldspar which constitute 55% of the granite rock.

Piedmont Deposit

The Piedmont deposit surrounding the Karoonjhar and other small

hills is product of arid denudation peculiar to desert condition. The
increasing aridity and large temperature are instrumental in
disintegrating the rocks and helping in accumulation of piedmont
alluvial deposit by action of cloud burst and torrential flow loaded with
granite’s sand and mudflow. This has spread along the radiating
channels creating fan deposit at the end of the slope which coalesce
to form continuous piedmont deposit. This has moved forward by
action of wind and water and created an undulating topography. The
sand at Surchand, Kasbo and Adigan on are silty to clayey sand
generally non plastic to slightly plastic.

Aeolian Sand

Stretches of Aeolian soil composed of wind blown dust of sand and

silt cover fairly large stretch of land around and beyond Nagarparkar
and merge into Thur desert.

Another physical feature of this arid region are level plains (Playas)
underlain by clays alternating with salt and gypsum, deposited in
broad shallow basin. The deposition is accomplished by inflowing
mud laden local streams after cloudburst. There are numbers of such
shallow depressions and low mounds.

Ground Water Conditions

The ground water is generally brackish to saline in the area. Sweet

water aquifer is confined around Bartala sandstone and sand
formation and Piedmont deposit around Karon-Jhar hill range. A
number of wells varying in depth from 14 to 28ft are located close to
Bartala and Karon-Jhar formations. The sweet water floats at top of
brackish water which gets exhausted upon extractions and becomes
saline during summer. These wells become dry during hot summer.
During monsoon new sweet water recharge the aquifer.

Topography

Surrounded by low land of Rann of Kutch, the semi arid Nagarparkar

is an upland feature that rises from elevation of about 10m (32ft) at
the foothill of Karoon-Jhar hill to maximum of 350 (1150ft) m at the
top. There are other irregular local prominences that rise above the
level of sand to variable height from 15 to 90m (50 to 300ft). The
overall general topography is characterized by diluting ground and
low flat arid plain composed of product stream wash, sheet floods, rill
wash, Aeolian erosion. Many square kilometers of nearly level plain
are floored by bedrock covered by shallow rockwaste, Piedmont
deposit and other soils.
 THE MAIN TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE AREA ARE:

The central 16km Karoonjhar hill, which rises steeply above the
undulating plain from elevation of 15m to 350m.

North eastern hilly region with intervening undulating plain

characterized by relatively small hills close to Mukario, Chanida,
Jodhejo Wandhio, Wadharia, Kharsar.

Other low level plain grading into Rann of Kutch in north northwest
east and southeast.

Geotechnical Investigation

Subsurface investigation was carried out to explore foundation

condition, permeability and determine properties of construction
material. About 2100 ft of drilling was completed among 119 bore
holes and soil samples were colleted for the testing of engineering
properties. Table-3 contains the details of boreholes drilled at various
bunds. Through the investigations it was known that the soils at
different bund sites are surfacial deposit of stiff clays with pockets of
sandy silt soils in lower elevations (after 5 to10 ft). The soil nearer to
granite exposure is koalonitic produced from hydrothermal alteration
of feldspar in granite during geological time. The stiff lateritic clay is
considered as good material for embankment construction. The
general allowable bearing pressure value can be safety assumed as
more than 1.5ton/sqft.

The rock drilling at site of Khanajo Wandio dam indicates that most of
the strata is granite both pink and black, with likely unconfined
compressive strength of more than 100MPa. The granite is highly
jointed and consequently highly pervious with lugeon value of more
than 100 lugeon (>10-3cm/sec) determined by water pressure tests.
This will require extensive grouting to make the foundation tight and
6.5 Dam Design prevent excessive seepage
Aspects
Most of the work in each scheme is related with the improvement and
upgrading of existing bund. However, the construction of new bunds
and introduction of concrete spillway are also included in the overall
scheme. The dams at Kalidas, More, Tadhio and Miskem Jehan are
essentially concrete gravity weirs. The design features of various
structures are described below.
Embankments

The embankment bunds have been designed as per guidelines

provided in USBR (1987) “Design of Small Dams” and Sindh Bund
Manual of Irrigation Department. Main features of design are as
follows:
 The embankment crest width has been kept as 20ft to meet the
requirement of seepage path and accessibility for vehicles
 A minimum of 3ft freeboard has been provided in the embankment
of all the bunds in all the schemes.
 Both upstream and downstream slopes are taken as 1V:3H.
 The upstream slopes have been protected with 1.5ft riprap stones
placed on 0.5ft thick layer of gravel bedding as protection against
water waves.

 The downstream slopes have been provided with 1ft thick stones
layer over 0.5ft thick gravel bedding as protection against rain
erosion.
 The embankment will be constructed of impervious fill containing
particles more than 15% passing Nr. 200 sieve. Embankment will
be constructed in 6” to 12” thick layer compacted by vibratory roller
of 8 – 10 tons. The desired density shall be 98% of the maximum
standard Proctor density.
 A downstream toe drain with proper filter and drainage layers have
been provided to intercept the seepage flows and avoid migration
of fines.

Spillways

Broad crested concrete Spillways are provided in the class A dams.

The weir width for the spillways is kept equal to the regime width
calculated by Lacy’s following formulas:

L= 8/3*(Q)1/2

Where- L = regime width, feet

Q = design discharge, ft3 /sec

In few cases where sufficient width is not available slightly smaller

lengths have been adopted with ample free board for additional
surcharge. The height of weirs has been kept as per topographical
conditions, to the maximum practical heights. Where necessary the
height of existing bunds have also been be increased to provide
necessary freeboard. A permissible afflux of 2 to 3 feet has been
adopted for all weirs based on various values of design floods.

The stilling basin length has been determined by method given in

USBR (1987) and Design of Small Dams. In most of cases the design
type IV has been adopted for simplicity of construction.

To calculate the thickness of slab of stilling basin the following

approach has been adopted:
(i) Initial thickness of slab has been determined by calculating uplift
pressures under slab by Bligh creep theory.

(ii) The uplift pressure has been re-calculated by Khosla’s method

considering the corrections for slab thickness.

A safety of 1.33 has been adopted against flotation.

The exit gradient has been calculated using Khosla method. A safe
exist gradient of 1:6 has been adopted in design.

The concrete cutoff wall has been provided both on upstream and
downstream of the spillway to protect against scour.

The depths of cutoff has been fixed by following criteria:

Design scour depth on upstream = 1.25R

Design scour depth on downstream = 1.50R

Where R = 0.9 (q2 / f)1/3

f = silt factor, adopted as 1.0 for the fine sands of Nagarparkar

q = discharge capacity of weir/unit width of spillway and
R = Normal scour depth expected in the structure.

Outlet Structure

Presently there is no provision of outlet structure in any of the dam for

out flow taking out water, because the capacities of the reservoirs are
very limited. It is prevailing practice in the area that the people collect
the water themselves at the bunds and bring their animal for watering.
The same system of water collection and its use is therefore kept for
class B bunds.

In class A dams, NGO dams and six existing dams the outlet conduit
with a flow control valve has been provided. At a later stage this outlet
can be connected with a pipeline for drip irrigation and supply of
drinking water.

Structural Design

Various combinations of loadings, that will arise during the

construction and operation stages of the spillway, have been taken
into account in the stability analysis and structural design of various
dam components. The structural design in general is based on
principles and criteria outlined in following codes and manuals:
 USACE (1964) - Structural Design of Spillway and
Outlet Works

USACE(1981) - Sliding stability Criteria for Concrete

Structures

USACE(1987) - Flotation Stability Criteria for

Concrete Hydraulic Structures

USACE(1989) - Stability Criteria for embankment dams

ACI –318(1995) - Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete.
ACI –35(2001) - Code Requirement for Environmental
Engineering Concrete Structures.

The stability analysis of both the earthen and concrete sections have
been checked against, sliding, overturning, seepage and uplift
pressures. Necessary safety factors indicated in the literature for
each type of structures have been adopted in the design.

6.6 High Drip Irrigation system may be introduced as a part of the project in
Efficiency the area. This system of irrigation is best suited in arid and semi arid
Irrigation System zones of the world where water is scare and evaporation rate is very
(HEIS) high. During the course of study it was found that with introduction of
this system on 400 acres of land about 38 million rupees of revenue
could be generated every year. It is recommended that a pilot drip
irrigation scheme may be developed as part of present works. For this
purpose an area bout 20 acres each in the vicinity of Vera Vah and
Chanida Bunds may be developed. This pilot scheme shall be based
on cropping of few vegetables and after success of this Pilot Program
on vegetables, the cotton crop may be considered at next. Later if
successful the drip Irrigation system will be added Kalidas dam and
Miskeen Jahan Khoso dam which have relatively larger storage than
the others. .

It is while to mention that On-Farm Water Management (OFWM)

Department, Government of Sindh is running a HEIS with help of
Ministry of Food, Agriculture. Therefore it is suggested that OFWM
may be requested for installation of the proposed Drip Irrigation
Systems. The grower share may be supplemented from the funds of
Small Dam Project, Government of Sindh.
ii) Describe the
Project and Covered under 06
indicate existing
physical
facilities in the
area and justify
establishment of
Project:

iii) Provide
 technical Covered under 06
parameters i.e.
input and output
of the Project.
Also discuss
technological
aspects of the
Project

iv) Provide
details of civil Covered under 06
works,
equipment,
machinery and
other physical
facilities
required for the
Project

v) Indicate
government Covered under 06
issues of the
sector relevant
to the Project
and strategy to
resolve them

IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE AND FLOOD CENTER

 Provide project areas characteristics in
terms of population, climate, geology, soil, Covered under 06
irrigation, ground water drainage and
agriculture (crops, yields etc)
 For multipurpose projects, provide basis of
allocation of costs between different Not Applicable
purposes.
 Engineering projects be supported by
technical background data and each Covered under 06
distinct segment of the project be
described separately.

7. Capital Cost
Estimates
Rs(Millions)
Project Cost Rs. 635.000

Total Cost Rs. 635.000

i) Data of February, 2012
 estimation of
project

ii) Basis of The rates are based on the

determining
capital cost:

iii) Schedule
completion period 3.0 years

iv) In case of
revised project Not Applicable
provide
- History of
project approval Not Applicable
year wise PSDP
allocation,
releases and
expenditure.
- Item-wise year-
wise actual 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Physical (%) 25% 48% 27%
expenditure and
Financial Million Rs 100 332.792 202.208
physical progress
- Justification for
revision of PC-I
and variation in Not Applicable
scope of project if
applicable
- Item-wise
comparison of
revised cost with
the approved cost Not Applicable
and give reason
for Variation.
Exchange rate
used to work out
FEC in the Not Applicable
original and
revised PC-I’s

8. Annual
Operation &
Maintenance
Cost
  Item-wise annual The annual Operation and Maintenance cost has been estimated as
operating cost (5%).of present cost i.e. Rs. 31.750 millions.
based on
proposed
capacity
utilization be
worked-out for 5
years and
sources of its
financing

9. Demand and
Supply Analysis
i) Existing The existing water storage capacity is inadequate for the expanding
Capacity of population of Nagarparkar. The present supply is bout 2700Acre-ft,
Services and its about 3,330,450m3 which comes to about 10 gallon per capita per
Supply day, which is less than minimum recommendation of WHO (70 liters
/ 15 gallon per capita). It is needed therefore that water storage
capacity of dams/bund should be enhanced to increase water
supply level in the area.

ii) Project Based on growth rate of (2.4%) is Nagarparkar area, it is estimated

Demand for 10 that in the year 2025, the requirement of water supply will be
Years double. In order to cater this projected requirement of water supply
an additional quantity of 4100Acre-ft is required to be added to the
existing resources. Due to the non-availability of other water
resources in and around Nagarparkar, 5 gallons per capita per day
supply is considered as the bare minimum sustainable demand,
excluding the extravagance use, although this supply is extremely
meager as compared to the water supply ratios in other cities of
Pakistan which is varying form 55-150 gallons per capita per day.
iii) Capacity of Small Dams Organization (SDO) Sindh will be implementing the
Project being project through grant from Federal Government. It is estimated that
Implemented in the existing capacity of water storage in the dams/bunds will be
the increased to 2 times above the present one approximately.
Public/Private
Sector

The present storage requirement for the Nagarparkar area is based

on 15 gal/capita is about 4050 acre-ft. The existing storage capacity
is about 2700 acre-ft. Therefore a gap of 1350 acre-ft exists in
present system.

iv) Designed The Project will enhance the storage capacity of rainwater in
Capacity & Nagarparkar area to about 5300 acre-ft.
Output of the
Proposed
Project
 10 Financial Plan
a) Equity:
Indicate the amount of equity to be financed from each source:
 Sponsors own Nil
resources
 Federal 635.00 Million
Government
 Provincial Nil
Government
 DFI’s Banks Nil
 General Public Nil
 Foreign Equity Nil
(Indicate
partner
agency)
 NGO/s Nil
Beneficiaries
 Others Nil
Total (Rs: 635 million) 100%

b) Debit:
 Indicate the
local and
foreign debit,
interest rates,
grace period
and repayment
period for each Does not apply in view of Para 10 (a) above
loan
separately.
The loan
repayment
schedule be
also annexed

c) Grants along Federal Government through Ministry of Water and Power

with sources

d) Weighted cost Does not apply

of capital
11 Benefits of the Project and Analysis
a) Equity:
Indicate the amount of equity to be financed from each source:
 Financial: Nagarparkar Small Dams Project would ensure availability of
Income to the Sustainable Amount of water for human as well as animal
project alongwith consumption within this Project Area. Drinking water is a public
assumptions good in democratic countries particularly in poverty stricken
regions/areas within the country. The proposed Small Dams
Project would serve the entire human and animal population in
Nagarparkar where the current water supply is not only
deteriorating in quality but is much short in supply. Financial
analysis is irrelevant for projects producing “public goods” which
becomes available to the society as a whole and this commands
zero price. In other words “public goods” are free goods which are
beyond pricing mechanism. Thus Nagarparkar Small Dams
Project must be subjected to economic analysis alone which
means that the benefits to the society/economy must not fall short
of the costs. One scope of work pertains to determining the
economic costs and economic benefits whereby the benefits
exceed the costs or at least both the costs and the benefits are
equal

The benefit-cost relationship can be expressed as a B/C Ratio or

Internal Rate of Return or as Net Present Value. The above
measures are identical in their economic worth. The right
measure is Net Present Value. However the International
Financial Institutions prefer to adopt IRR as the decision criteria.
The above measures employ present value approach and
estimate the future stream of benefits and costs over the
economic life of the project. Benefits and costs are valued at
constant prices, the prices prevailing in the base year i.e. 2009 in
this case.

The economic benefits and costs are worked out on the basis of
market prices using this approach the following results are
obtained.

B/C Ratio 2.76

NPV Rs. 899 million
IRR 22.29%

The above “measures” of economic value of the Nagarparkar

Small Dams Project is highly attractive. When the costs and
benefits streams are subjected to adverse changes - 12%
increase in costs and 10% decrease in benefits, the results are as
under

B/C Ratio 2.76

NPV Rs, 899 million
IRR 2.29%
The above “measure” depicts substantial strength of the project.
The decline in their “levels” is very small which can be termed as
marginal. It may be noted that a very conservative approach has
been adopted for estimation of project benefits. The health
benefits were halved and the livestock benefits were cut by one-
third. The results of economic analysis are as under.

B/C Ratio 2.76

NPV Rs. 899 million
IRR 22.29%

The above measures show drastic drop. However the individual

measures are quite above the acceptable ranges. For instance an
IRR of 12.15% is attractive for social projects. Actually an IRR of
12% or more is adequate to justify public goods projects because
the opportunity cost of capital is 12% in Pakistan as shown in the
latest Guidelines of IBRD and ADB. The sensitiveness of the
above measures by reducing the benefits by 10% and raising the
cost by 5%. The resultant indicators are as below.

B/c Ratio 2.76

NPV Rs. 899 million
IRR 22.29%

Conclusion Economic Analysis

Nagarparkar Small Dams Project, is economically an excellent

investment project. B/C Ratios and lRRs under adverse setting
also remain robust and above the acceptable ranges. This
project deserves TOP Priority in budget allocation and
implementation plans. Nagarparkar is an extremely poor area in
Sindh. This project would alleviate poverty which is the most
important Millennium Development Goal set for accomplishment
by 2015.
This project would create an environment for boosting livestock
farms specially sheep’s and goats which are in strong demand in
nearby markets of Mirpurkhas, Hyderabad and Karachi. The
mutton prices are increasing globally and it is forecast that the
relative prices would improve and the premium that has been
estimated at Rs. 3000 per goat/sheep and Rs: 15000 to 25000 for
big animals (cows and camels) would increase by a multiple
factor. This would enhance the economic value of the project and
incomes of the beneficiary population in the Project area.
 Economics: The project will uplift the down trodden economy in the project
Benefit to the area. With the sustainable water supplies, the people will be
economy along inclined towards the systematic agricultural development and
with assumptions migration of the people during drought period will be stopped.
This will results into the consistent planning of economic growth
project.

 Social: The Project will be instrumental in considerably improving the

(Benefits with socio economic condition of the local population, both during the
indicators) construction and operation stages, through provision of
considerable job opportunities. Employment, health, life style and
cultural uplift are the direct benefits during these stages. The
following benefits are foreseen for construction of Small dams and
weirs in Nagarparkar area

i) Population and Settlement Pattern

During the construction stage considerable job opportunities will

be created. For skilled jobs people from other parts of the country
would be employed. There would, therefore, some temporary
increase in the visitor population who would however leave the
area after the completion of the construction activities. During the
operation stage no adverse impact is envisaged.

ii) Human Resource Development

During the construction stage local population would get jobs in

the form of semi and unskilled labor. Due to their interaction with
skilled labor, their skills would be developed for future
development activities of this kind and also be absorbed during
operation stage.

iii) Life Style and Culture

During the construction stage considerable cross cultural linkages

will be expected to be developed between the local population
and the visitors, which would lead to cultural transfusion and
learning from each other. During the operation stage due to
provision of social amenities like roads, water supply etc the living
standard of the population of the area will be improved.

iv) Socio-Economic Uplift

During the construction of the dams socio economic condition of

the population of the area may improve as a result of increase in
per capita income through creation of direct and indirect
opportunities of jobs.
(v) Land Compensation

Nagarparkar and other villages in the downstream and other

upstream villages lie at higher elevation than the conservation
and high flood level and there is no possibility of submergences of
any village during normal reservoir operation. Therefore, no land
and property compensation are anticipated.

(vi) Impact of Dams on Lower Riparian

The traditional water rights in respect of the nais are not well
defined in the command area and are total different from the flood
irrigation practice in other parts of the province. The communities
have never used the flood water for irrigation purpose, the main
reason being that the command areas have used either direct rain
or wells. The flood water of the river goes waste in the Arabian
Sea without proper utilization.

After the construction of dams the whole target area would get the
sustainable water availability and there would be no issue of
conflicts over water use.

(a) Human Carrying Capacity

There will be an increase in the human carrying capacity of the

area due to enhanced employment and labour facilities in the
project area. The Dam will have a minor positive impact on this
issue.

(b) Demography

During the construction phase a considerable number of workers

will move into the areas, which will almost double the population
of the area. However, during operation a reduced number of
educated / skilled workers will remain permanently in the area. It
will cause moderate positive impact on the demographic structure
of surrounding areas.

(c) Social Cohesion

The influx of construction worker is likely to affect the lifestyle and

cultural composition of the area. Consequently, conflict will be a
minor negative impact on the project.

(d) Social Attitude

There will be minor positive impact on the social attitude of the

people as the people will get some benefit due to improved socio-
economic conditions occurring from the project. Their lifestyle will
be improved.
(e) Income

The Small Dams Project will create more employment

opportunities to the surrounding population. People will work as
labour on the reservoir sites. It means the project will have
moderate positive impact on the income of the populace of the
surrounding area.

(vii) Employment

There will be increased opportunity of the employment on the

dam sites. People from the other areas will also come to work as
laborers on the project site. The construction of the project will
require technical and non-technical persons. The project will have
a moderate positive impact on the employment of the project
area.

(viii) Land Value

The land value will be increased after the construction of the

dams. The increased groundwater will only be used for irrigation
purpose. There will be moderate positive impact on the land
value.

(ix) Credit Availability

The people residing in the Nagarparkar area will become

prosperous, due to increased employment facilities.
Compensation of acquired land will also give rise to enhanced
business activity. There is a likelihood of the increased credit
availability through micro financial institutes being introduced in
the country, thus a minor positive impact is expected.

(x) Cultivation

With the construction of the project, through ground recharge

there will be an assured year round supply or irrigation water for
the farmers in downstream area. The cultivated area will increase
significantly hence having a moderate positive impact.

(xi) Livestock

The Livestock presently are fed on fodder but after construction of

reservoirs, not only fodder area will be increase but also there will
be more water for animals. It means that there will be major
positive impact on the livestock.
 (xii) Lifestyle (quality of life)

There will be moderate positive impact on the lifestyle of the

populace because there will be employment for the people of the
command area. The standard of living of the inhabitants will be
upgraded

 Environmental The project will have following positive and negative

impact environmental impacts:
assessment
Negative / Potential Positive Impact and Benefits
positive
The planned project is expected to provide required water
quantity, improve water quality and stabilize the current water
supply losses. It will also be contributing to the reduction of water
pollution and water – borne diseases. The area and the local
communities will gain a number of directly related positive impacts
and benefits as briefed below.

Agricultural Improvement and Crop Production

As compared to the present situation in Nagarparkar, the crop

production will increase in terms of variety and quantity.
Income and Employment

The employment opportunities generated by the growth in the

local agricultural sector and some other sectors, economy that
stem from the agriculture improvement will increase significantly.

Financial / Economics Analysis (with assumptions)

Financial Analysis
i) Quantifiable output
of the project.
ii) Profit and loss
statement and
Cash Flow
iii) Net present value Max. NPV = 1, 853
(NPV) and Benefit
Cost Ratio
iv) Internal financial 13.91%
rate of return
(IFRR)
v) Unit cost analysis Development Cost of Rs: 635 million and Maintenance 6%
vi) Break even point Not applicable
(BEP)
vii) Pay back period 30 years
viii) Return of Equity
(ROE)
 Economic
Analysis
ix) Provide taxes and
duties separately in Not Applicable
the capital and
operating cost
x) Internal economic 13.91%
rate of return
(IERR)
xi) Net present value
(NPV) and cost Rs.1,853 million and CBR 2.33
benefit ratio (CBR)

Employment
Analysis
xii) Employment (a) During Construction Stage
generation (direct
and indirect) Professional and Technical: 30
Administrative, Executive and Managerial: 10
Skilled Workers: 80
Unskilled Workers: 150

(b) Operation and Maintenance

Professional and Technicians: 2

Administrative, Executive and Managerial: 6
Skilled Workers: 10
Unskilled Workers: 15

Sensitivity
Analysis
xiii) Impact of delays on Delay in implementation of the project will cause increase in
project cost and project cost due to present trend of increase in cost of
viability construction materials such as cement and steel, and increase in
labour salaries and rent of construction equipment due to
increase in the cost of petrol and diesel.

The project benefits will also be delayed due to delayed

implementation, which may cause unrest within the population of
Nagarparkar.

12 Implementation
Schedule
 Indicate starting The project Phase-1 is foreseen to be completed in a period of 2
and completion years.
data of the project The construction schedule is attached as Annex-C
  Item wise /year As per Annex-C as indicated above
wise
implementation
schedule in line
chart corrected
with the phasing
of physical
activities

13 Management Structure:
13.1 Administrative Irrigation and Power Department, Government of Sindh would be
arrangements for the Administrative Authority for the execution of the Project.
implementation of
project
 The project will be implemented through the existing technical
staff of Small Dams Organization comprises a Superintending
Engineer (BS-19), three (03) No Executive (BS-18) along with
adequate field supervisory and office staff.
 The salary allowed to them is as per pay scales prescribed by
Government of Sindh.

13.2 Project A steering committee under the Chairmanship of Additional Chief

Organization (In Secretary, (DEV) Planning and Development Department
Place) Government of Sindh will be constituted to monitor the
implementation of Project as per target schedule and according to
a) Steering it’s approved Engineering requirements.
Committee

b) Project i. Secretary (I&PD, GOS)

Execution Team ii. Project Director / Chief Engineer Small Dams Organization
iii. Superintending Engineer
and
iv. Executive Engineers Small Dams Organization Division Nagar
Parker

c) Project Support Steering committee and Project Director / Chief Engineer Small
& Monitoring Team Dams Organization Sindh, Hyderabad along with staff of Small
Dams Organization Sindh would support and monitor the
execution of the project.

13.3 Steps taken to Funds for project implementation will have to be managed by
make proposal provincial Government in accordance with phasing to ensure
implement able and completion of proposed scheme within scheduled time.
early completion
13.4 The manpower The requisite man-power connected with implementation of the
requirements by Project would be met with from the available skill and experienced
skills during field supervisory and office staff of the Small Dams Organization,
execution and Sindh.
operation of the
project the provide

The job description, Staff is already available and no further salary is required
qualification, age
and salary of each
job be provided

13.5 Physical and other Infrastructure has already been provided. These will be managed
facilities required through Contractors.
for project

13.5.1 Materials, spares These will be managed by Irrigation Department.

and supplies and
equipment for
execution of
project.

13.5.2 Materials, spares There are three main components of the Project i.e. (i) Earthwork
and supplies and and (ii) Structure (Concrete) and (iii) Drip Irrigation system with
equipment for of piping works, Solar powered pumps and related accessories.
project.

13.6 In the case of The work for structures and earth embankments will be under
improved material taken by the contractors who will engage their own machinery.
and equipment for
execution, indicate

14. Additional  No additional decision will be require.

Projects /
Decisions The fodder crops can be commanded in the higher elevations of
required to each bund sites with the residual moisture as the water levels
Maximize the drops in the reservoir during the dry months of the year. This is a
socio economic prevailing practice in the area, with the increase in the water area
benefit from the of the reservoir and with the guidance from personnel’s from
proposed project. irrigation and agricultural department this production could be
multiplied. This enhanced capacity of fodder crops can be treated
as secondary benefit from the project.

 Recreation facilities may be developed near dam reservoir.

15. Certified that the project proposal has been prepared on the basis of instructions
provided by the Planning Commission for the preparation of PC-I for
Infrastructure sector projects.

Prepared by: (KHALID NAWAZ DAHAR)

Executive Engineer
Small Dams, Division
Nagarparkar

Checked by: (JAM MITHA KHAN)

Superintending Engineer
Small Dams Circle Sindh
Hyderabad
022-2653373

Recommended by: (JAM MITHA KHAN)

Project Director/Chief Engineer
Small Dams Region Sindh
Hyderabad
022-9201290

Approved by SECRETARY
Irrigation Department
Government of Sindh
Karachi