Experience Sociology 1st Edition Croteau Test Bank Download

Experience Sociology 1st Edition by
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Test Bank - Chapter 7
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which sociological perspective focuses on interpersonal interactions?

a. functionalist
b. feminist
c. conflict
d. symbolic interactionist
Answer: d
Page: 164
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
Topic: Culture and Social Interaction
2. Symbolic interactionists would be most interested in studying which aspect of education?

a. the functions of schools within a society
b. how classmates interact with one another
c. the economic benefits to attending college
d. the history of the American educational system
Answer b:
Page: 164
Level: Moderate
Type: Synthesis
3. According to sociologists, which of the following allows people to communicate?

a. shared symbols and meanings
b. everyone learning English in school
c. flashcards
d. constant clarification
Answer: a
Page: 163-164
Level: Moderate
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Type: Comprehension
4. What do sociologists call the common understanding between people that arises from shared
knowledge, reality, or an experience?
a. symbolic interaction
b. intersubjectivity
c. functionalism
d. culture
Answer: b
Page: 163
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
5. What do sociologists mean by “social construction”?

a. Our social world is constructed through social interaction.
b. Our world quickly changes because it is just “constructed.”
c. There are no consequences to the social world.
d. The social world has naturally evolved.
Answer: a
Page: 165
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis
6. What sociological concept is the idea that if someone defines a situation as real it is real in its
consequences?
a. structure
b. the Thomas theorem
c. symbolic interaction
d. functionalism
Answer: b
Page: 165
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
7. What are stereotypes?

a. distorted and untrue generalizations about groups which overlook individual variation
b. true generalizations about a group of people based both negative and positive attributes
c. statements regarding the negative attributes of a racial or ethnic group
d. positive generalizations of a particular group such as a racial or ethnic group
Answer: a
Page: 166
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
8. According to sociologists, what are the societal consequences of stereotypes?

a. There are none; stereotypes have no real impact in the social world.
b. They teach us to appreciate diversity across groups.
c. We often negatively pre-judge people based on stereotypes.
d. They allow us to quickly identify important traits in others.
Answer: c
Page: 166
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
9. With which of the following statements would Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann mostly
likely disagree?
a. Men are a social product.
b. Society is an objective reality.
c. Society has organically evolved.
d. Society is a human product.
Answer: c
Page: 167-168
Level: Moderate
Type: Synthesis
10. What is the three-step process that Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann believe individuals
go through as they construct reality?
a. externalization, objectivation, internalization
b. embodiment, objecting, internalizing
c. internalization externalization, objectivation
d. defining, believing, constructing
Answer: a
Page: 167-168
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
11. Which of the following BEST describes the difference between objectivation and
internationalization?
a. Objectivation is when something is true and internationalization is when something is false.
b. Objectivation is when a part of our social world appears natural and internationalization is
when we become influenced by our social world.
c. Both refer to how sociologists make sense of our social world; neither process impacts
individuals in their daily lives.
d. Internationalization is when a part of our social world appears natural and objectivation is
when we become influenced by our social world.
Answer: b
Page: 167-168
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis
12. What do sociologists call the collection of statuses that a person holds?
a. achieved status
b. ascribed status
c. social status
d. status set
Answer: a
Page: 168
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
13. Which of the following would be an example of a status set?

a. registered nurse
b. caring for one’s child and earning a living
c. registered nurse in the United States
d. registered nurse, father, husband, amateur golfer
Answer: d
Page: 168
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
14. How does an achieved status differ from an ascribed one?

a. An ascribed position is one that is obtained from one’s own efforts while achieved positions
are assigned to us.
b. Both are types of positions assigned to individuals at birth; the difference lies in what one does
with that position.
c. An achieved position is one that is obtained from one’s own efforts while ascribed positions
are assigned to us.
d. Both are types of positions which an individual works toward; the difference lies in what type
of position one achieves.
Answer: c
Page: 168
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis
15. An ascribed position is one that
a. someone tries to achieve but fails to do so.
b. a person achieves but they did not have to work hard at it.
c. someone achieves but then they decide they do not like it.
d. is assigned to a person despite their wishes or abilities.
Answer: d
Page: 168
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
16. What is a status category?

a. a status that individuals can hold in common
b. a status to which an individual is assigned
c. a social status that an individual achieves
d. all of the social statuses that a person holds
Answer: a
Page: 168
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
17. In a status hierarchy,

a. all statuses have the same social prestige.
b. some statuses have more social prestige than others.
c. some statuses do not have roles associated with them.
d. all statuses are of low social prestige.
Answer: b
Page: 169
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
18. A president of a company holds more power and has greater access to resources than a
mailroom employee. This illustrates which concept?
a. ascribed social status
b. achieved social status
c. social status
d. status hierarchy
Answer: d
Page: 169
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
19. How does a master status differ from other social statuses?
a. A master status is the status with the least social significance.
b. Master statuses are social statuses that men hold within a society.
c. A master status is the status with the most social significance.
d. It is the social status that an individual feels is the least consequential.
Answer: c
Page: 169
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
20. How is status hierarchy linked to social inequality?

a. Statuses in a hierarchy have unequal access to resources based on the prestige of their position.
b. A social hierarchy is a way to battle social inequality because all positions are equal.
c. A social hierarchy is the equitable distribution of resources across those in the hierarchy.
d. As our society has become more unequal, social hierarchies have diminished.
Answer: a
Page: 169
Level: Difficult
Type: Analysis
21. What is a social role?

a. a part that an actor plays, such as Hamlet
b. the social expectations that go along with a social status
c. when children play “pretend” and take on various personas
d. the social positions that one holds in a social system
Answer: b
Page: 170
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
22. When the roles of the various social statuses an individual occupies clash with one another,
which of the following occurs?
a. role strain
b. role play
c. role conflict
d. role change
Answer: c
Page: 170
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
23. When the responsibilities or expectations of a single status compete with one another, which
of the following occurs?
a. role conflict
b. achieved social status
c. role play
d. role strain
Answer: d
Page: 170
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
24. With which of the following statements would a sociologist DISAGREE regarding the
importance of social roles in our society?
a. Social roles guide behaviors because they are the expectations that go along with the various
social positions individuals hold.
b. Roles connect us to other individuals within a society because many of the expectations of a
social status regard how to interact with others in keeping with their social statuses.
c. Social roles are made up expectations by society regarding what individuals are supposed to
do within a given social status and since they are made up they are not consequential.
d. Social roles are a vital part of social stability because society needs people knowing how to
fulfill their roles in order for society to function smoothly.
Answer: c
Page: 169-170
Level: Difficult
Type: Evaluation
25. What perspective does a sociologist take when he or she studies social interaction using the
metaphor of theater?
a. ethnomethodology
b. dramaturgy
c. symbolic interaction
d. functionalism
Answer: b
Page: 170
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
26. What is the goal of impression management?

a. for an individual to achieve a higher social status than they currently hold
b. for a sociologist to understand how people interact with one another
c. for an individual to be open and honest with others regarding who they are
d. for an individual to control the image that others have of him or her
Answer: d
Page: 170-172
Level: Analysis
Type: Moderate
27. Role distance is that idea that someone

a. embraces a social role.
b. distances themselves from a role as they carry it out.
c. decides not to carry out a social role.
d. challenges a social role.
Answer: b
Page: 171-172
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
28. Which of the following would NOT be an example of a backstage performance?

a. a flight attendant smiling when a passenger is being rude
b. a teacher acting enthusiastic about his lesson even though he finds the topic boring
c. a politician smiling warmly during a campaign stop although he is tired
d. a salesman telling his friend about the horrible way customers treated him that day
Answer: d
Page: 172
Level: Difficult
Type: Application
29. What is a social network?

a. collections of social ties that connect people together
b. a new kind of Facebook
c. the hierarchy of social statuses
d. collections of social ties that prevent people from communicating
Answer: a
Page: 172
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
30. What type of social contact occurs between people who are similar in terms of gender, age,
race/ethnicity, and so forth?
a. hetereophily
b. social network
c. social interaction
d. homophily
Answer: d
Page: 173
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
31. Which of the following would NOT illustrate homophily?
a. A young man’s best friend is the same gender and age.
b. A neighborhood consists of married couples all with similar educational backgrounds.
c. Everyone at a community center is of the same religious background.
d. people of all different classes and ethnicities are interacting at a block party.
Answer: d
Page: 173
Level: Difficult
Type: Application
32. How does social support relate to the concept of social networks?
a. Social support tends to come from our social networks.
b. Social support tends to come from those outside our social networks.
c. Social support and social networks are not related to one another.
d. When our social networks break down, we search for social support.
Answer: a
Page: 173
Level: Difficult
Type: Evaluation
33. Which of the following is FALSE regarding “weak” social ties according to sociologists?
a. Weak ties link us to a larger pool of contacts and social support.
b. Weak ties can be strong in the sense that they help us connect to more resources.
c. Weak ties are less intimate social networks such as with coworkers and casual acquaintances.
d. Weak ties are always so tenuous that they really never add to our lives in a meaningful way.
Answer: d
Page: 172
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
34. Sociologists refer to a collection of people who interact with one another regularly and who
are aware of their status as a social
a. network.
b. status.
c. group.
d. hierarchy.
Answer: c
Page: 174
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
Topic: Formalizing Structure: Groups and Organizations
35. According to sociologists, which of the following would be a social group?
a. a crowd at a ballgame
b. men who are balding
c. a volleyball team
d. all college freshman in the United States
Answer: c
Page: 174
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis
36. What distinguishes a social group from a crowd?

a. Both are basically the same thing – people coming together for a particular long-term purpose.
b. Social groups share a sense of being a collective entity whereas a crowd is people who are at
the same place at the same time.
c. A crowd often shares common norms, values, and interests whereas a social group does not
share any sense of being part of a collective entity.
d. A crowd happens outside whereas a social group is a group that occurs indoors.
Answer: b
Page: 174
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis
37. Which type of social grouping is made up of people who have regular contact, significant
emotional attachment to one another, and enduring relationships?
a. tertiary
b. primary
c. secondary
d. None of the answers is correct.
Answer: b
Page: 175
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
38. Which type of social grouping is made up of people who come together to accomplish a
specific task and interact with one another in a relatively impersonal way?
a. tertiary
b. primary
c. secondary
d. None of the answers is correct.
Answer: c
Page: 175
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
39. What distinguishes a primary group from a secondary group?

a. the size of the group
b. which group you knew first
c. the level of emotional attachment
d. the gender of the group members
Answer: c
Page: 175
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis
40. Which of the following would be a secondary relationship?

a. a family going on vacation
b. store clerks helping a customer choose a smart phone
c. a friend helping another friend move
d. a group of college friends having dinner
Answer: b
Page: 175
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
41. How do we relate to a reference group?

a. It is a group we know little about.
b. It is a group we ask to write us references for a job.
c. It is the group we choose to judge ourselves against.
d. It is the group we used to be a member of.
Answer: c
Page: 175
Level: Difficult
Type: Synthesis
42. How does a reference group influence us?

a. It doesn’t; it is just a group of people we know.
b. We behave in ways in keeping with how we think reference group members will think of us.
c. We do the exact opposite of what a reference group member would do.
d. We join the group and try to influence them to act like us.
Answer: b
Page: 175
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis
43. What changes when a dyad relationship become a triad?
a. The number of possible interactions increases.
b. The relationship immediately dissolves.
c. The relationship becomes more intense emotionally.
d. The relationship becomes less interesting because more people are involved.
Answer: a
Page: 175-176
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
44. Secondary groups that have a more formal structure and are formed to accomplish a specific
task (like a business) are known as
a. social networks.
b. organizations.
c. categories.
d. societies.
Answer: b
Page: 176
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
45. Why do organizations, as they grow larger, tend to become more formalized?
a. Since organizations are so impersonal they have to become more formalized.
b. The person in power wants a greater degree of formality.
c. By law, as it grows larger, an organization has to have more formal rules and policies.
d. Organizations become more complex and former informal structures become inadequate.
Answer: d
Page: 176-177
Level: Difficult
Type: Evaluation
46. What is a bureaucracy?

a. a secondary group of people interested in business
b. a highly diffuse and informal organization
c. a very formalized and highly complex organization
d. a governmental agency with many responsibilities
Answer: c
Page: 176-177
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
47. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a bureaucracy, according to Max Weber?
a. written rules and records
b. reliance on technology
c. impersonality
d. hierarchical structure
Answer: b
Page: 177-178
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
48. What does impersonality mean in terms of a bureaucracy?

a. People who work at bureaucracies are mean.
b. Bureaucracies rely greatly on robots and technology.
c. People move in out of positions, but the structure remains.
d. When a position is vacated it takes a long time to be filled.
Answer: c
Page: 177
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
49. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a bureaucratic organization?

a. Division of labor becomes so complex it is inefficient.
b. Written rules do not always cover new situations efficiently.
c. Impersonality can make it seem like no one is responsible.
d. It tends to be so informal that there are no written procedures.
Answer: d
Page: 177-178
Level: Difficult
Type: Analysis
50. Which of the following accurately describes culture and organizations?

a. Organizations have unique cultures that influence how their members operate.
b. Culture exists only outside of an organization, not within it.
c. Organizations always rely on cues from pop culture in creating an environment.
d. Organizational culture really only shows itself at social events like company picnics.
Answer: b
Page: 178
Level: Difficult
Type: Synthesis
51. The factors that exist outside an organization that affect an organization’s functioning
constitute
a. an organizational culture.
b. society.
c. social structure.
d. an organizational environment.
Answer: d
Page: 178
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
52. Which of the following would be part of an organizational environment?

a. the gender of the organization’s president
b. the traditions and history of the organization
c. the sales figures for the organization’s last quarter
d. the state of the economy and political arena
Answer: d
Page: 178
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
53. What type of group does a person identify with and have positive feelings towards?
a. out-group
b. in-group
c. social group
d. a dyad
Answer: b
Page: 180
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
Topic: Power in Groups and Organizations
54. A group where a person has negative feelings towards and considers its members to be below
them is what type of group?
a. out-group
b. in-group
c. social group
d. a dyad
Answer: a
Page: 180
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
55. How are in-groups and out-groups different?

a. An individual feels that they are a member of out-groups, but not in-groups.
b. An individual feels a connection to an in-group, but sees out-groups as inferior.
c. An individual believes that an out-group is superior and an in-group is inferior to them.
d. An individual shies away from out-groups because they are more outgoing than in-groups.
Answer: b
Page: 180
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis
56. Which of the following would illustrate the dynamics of an out-group?

a. An individual does not feel a connection to the out-group and tries to distance themselves
from its members.
b. An individual feels a strong connection to the out-group and sees them as role models.
c. An individual is part of an out-group but they really want to be part of the in-group.
d. An individual is not part of the out-group but sees its members in a positive light.
Answer: a
Page:
Level: Difficult
Type: Evaluation
57. What was Solomon Asch trying to uncover in his experiments?

a. where racist stereotypes come from
b. how people fight the urge to be obedient
c. how organizations develop structures
d. how groups promote conformity
Answer: d
Page: 180
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
58. Solomon Asch’s experiments concluded that

a. people will always stand up for what is right.
b. people are hard to influence in terms of their behavior.
c. the actions of others within a group promote conformist behavior.
d. group-mindset leads to violent and activist behavior.
Answer: c
Page: 180
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
59. Stanley Milgram found that in his experiment that people

a. shy away from conflict in most social situations.
b. will stand up to authority figures when they are wrong.
c. are socialized into obeying authority figures.
d. stand up when they know something is unjust.
Answer: c
Page: 181
Level: Moderate
Type: Knowledge
60. How are Stanley Milgram’s and Solomon Asch’s experiments similar in their findings?
a. They both found that people do not like conforming to others.
b. They both found that people are prone to conforming behavior.
c. The both found that people are prone to activism.
d. They both found that people are susceptible to family influences.
Answer: b
Page: 180-181
Level: Moderate
Type: Synthesis
61. Groupthink is when

a. individuals reinforce the consensus of a group without being critical.
b. individuals collectively and critically come up with a plan.
c. a group has a measured debate about the best course of action.
d. individuals battle back against the prevailing group conclusion.
Answer: a
Page: 182
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
62. Uncritical thinking of social groups where consensus is reinforced rather than critical
discussion is
a. in-group.
b. out-group.
c. role conflict.
d. groupthink.
Answer: d
Page: 182
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
63. What is an oligarchy?

a. government rule where all citizens share power
b. government controlled by a powerful few
c. government controlled by a royal family
d. government controlled by a large congress
Answer: b
Page: 183
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
64. According to the iron law of oligarchy, when power is consolidated in a few top positions in
an organization,
a. powerholders will be overthrown by less powerful groups.
b. power will become redistributed to the masses.
c. the select powerholders will misuse their power.
d. powerholders will decide to close down the organization.
Answer: c
Page: 183
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
65. Scientific management is when jobs are

a. deskilled in an effort to improve workplace efficiency.
b. translated into management jobs.
c. up-skilled to keep pace with changing technology.
d. kept at the same level to ensure constant productivity.
Answer: a
Page: 183
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
66. The goal of scientific management is to

a. make sure that technology informs the end product of a business.
b. make sure that factories employ the most technical programs.
c. increase efficiency by taking discretion away from the worker.
d. allow workers to have workplace control to improve productivity.
Answer: C
Page: 183
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
67. How are web-based organizations and communities unique from traditional bureaucratic
organizations?
a. Web-based organizations tend to be more hierarchical.
b. Web-based organizations tend to be more decentralized.
c. Web-based organizations are more hesitant to expand.
d. Web-based organizations are always small.
Answer: b
Page: 184-185
Level: Difficult
Type: Evaluation
Topic: In Transition
68. What are wikis?

a. online databases that allow members to create and edit content
b. online databases that tend not to be very accurate
c. online databases where only experts can upload content
d. online encyclopedia where one publisher presents information
Answer: a
Page: 184-185
Level: Basic
Type: Comprehension
69. Which of the following does NOT describe current trends in Internet use?
a. Increasingly, websites (such as wikis) allow users to upload content.
b. The Internet allows people from all over the world to interact without spatial bounds.
c. The Internet often creates a very strict hierarchy of users.
d. The Internet allows people to both consume and produce content.
Answer: c
Page: 184-185
Level: Evaluation
Type: Comprehension
70. Albert is in his first year as a sociology graduate student. He wants to be a symbolic
interactionist and is starting a project on soccer teams. Which of the following research questions
would Albert be most likely to explore?
a. How much money can a professional soccer team bring in for its owners?
b. Why has soccer not become a more popular sport in the United States?
c. How do soccer players and coaches relate to one another during practice and matches?
d. What is the history of soccer in Europe and how did it come to the United States?
Answer: c
Page: 163-164
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
71. A social group decides that the length of someone’s big toe represents how intelligent and
trustworthy that person is. Soon those with longer big toes have a higher social standing.
Though the criteria may seem silly, it becomes a very real way group members are differentiated.
This illustrates which sociological concept?
a. intersubjectivity
b. Thomas theorem
c. in-group
d. reference group
Answer: b
Page: 165
Level: Moderate
Type: Synthesis
72. A computer company observes workers as they produce laptops to devise a more efficient
production plan. After noting work routines, the higher-ups break down the laptop production
into many parts and workers go from producing entire laptops to doing a particular task over and
over (like only installing the DVR drive). This illustrates which of the following processes?
a. compliance to obedience
b. identifying with a reference group
c. social interaction
d. scientific management
Answer: d
Page: 183
Level: Application
Type: Moderate
Topic: In Transition: Interactions, Groups, and Organizations
73. A server at a restaurant accidentally took the incorrect dish to a customer. The customer
loudly berated the server over the mistake. The server apologized profusely, forced a smile, and
quickly corrected the order. After her shift, the server complained to a co-worker about how rude
the customer had been and how angry she had been as a result. What represents the worker’s
front-stage performance?
a. the server smiling and apologizing
b. the server complaining to the co-worker
c. the server serving the wrong dish
d. the server correcting the order
Answer: a
Page: 172
Level: Difficult
Type: Evaluation
74. In one community, doctors and teachers are considered to have the most honored jobs, then
business managers, and then those who work in politics. The more honored the job, the more
income and influence the person holding the position has. This job ranking represents a
a. social network.
b. in-group.
c. social circuit.
d. status hierarchy.
Answer: d
Page: 169
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
75. A sociologist is mapping out who knows each other in her sociology class. Jill knows Paul
and Mike. Mike knows Isaiah, who knows Catherine and Juan. Juan knows Paul as well. The
sociologist is looking at the _____ present in her classroom.
a. out-groups
b. in-groups
c. social networks
d. social circuits
Answer: c
Page: 172
Level: Difficult
Type: Synthesis
76. At a community meeting, everyone who attended agreed on the proposal offered by the head
of the committee. No one was willing to listen to different ideas, criticisms, or alternate plans.
This decision-making dynamic represents
a. intersubjectivity.
b. groupthink.
c. achieved status.
d. homophily.
Answer: b
Page: 182
Level: Moderate
Type: Synthesis
77. Two strangers meet on a train. Despite speaking the same language, they are never able to
reach a common understanding about their experiences nor do they have a common set of
knowledge with neither being able to take the perspective of the other. What is NEVER achieved
in this interaction?
a. stereotypes
b. interaction
c. groupthink
d. intersubjectivity
Answer: d
Page: 163
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
78. Maggie has many social statuses, including mother, wife, daughter, high school principal,
and softball player. She often feels she cannot meet all of the responsibilities in her life. For
example, last week she had to miss a softball game because she needed to work late and also
missed her son’s school play. Maggie is experiencing which of the following?
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. intersubjectivity
d. homophily
Answer: a
Page: 170
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
79. Darren has three children. To Darren, being a good dad is being a good provider and he
spends many overtime hours earning extra money. But when he works overtime, he feels he isn’t
spending enough time with his children. Darren is experiencing
a. role conflict.
b. role overload.
c. role strain.
d. role competition.
Answer: c
Page: 170
Level: Moderate
Type: Application
80. Erik spent the afternoon with his close, longtime friends and they played video games
together. Later in the day, he went to a video game store and bought a video game from the
salesman and then left the store. What type of relationship does Erik have with the video game
salesman?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. social network
d. in-group
Answer: b
Page: 175
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
81. Maria just entered high school. She hopes one day to join the volleyball team and looks to the
young women on the team as role models. She dresses like them, follows the same fitness
routines, and reads the same volleyball magazines. To Maria, the volleyball team is a
a. secondary group.
b. out-group.
c. reference group.
d. master status.
Answer: c
Page: 175
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis
82. Liza only hangs out with other people just like her in terms of her ethnicity, age, education,
religion and so forth. What is a consequence of Liza spending most of her time in such groups?
a. She cannot understand others because they are so similar to her.
b. Her worldview is constantly being challenged.
c. She can never reach intersubjectivity with others in her group.
d. Her worldview is constantly being reaffirmed.
Answer: d
Page: 173
Level: Difficult
Type: Evaluation
83. A sociologist is studying how police officers perform their roles, specifically examining how
officers perform their roles and present themselves to the public. What approach is the
sociologist using to study the officers?
a. scientific management
b. reference groups
c. acting
d. dramaturgy
Answer: d
Page: 170
Level: Moderate
Type: Synthesis
84. Martin has many social statuses including being a parent, a son, a husband, and a carpenter.
When he was younger, he committed a crime and served some time in prison. Despite all of the
things he has accomplished since then, most people still react to Martin primarily as an ex-con.
What type of status does being an ex-con represent in Martin’s life?
a. social status
b. status set
c. master status
d. social role
Answer: c
Page: 169
Level: Moderate
Type: Synthesis
85. Mike’s uncle is always making generalizations about certain racial/ethnic groups, describing
them as being smart, good with money, lazy, unmotivated, or prone to crime. Mike knows that
these assertions are unfounded but he does not know how to address his uncle. These
generalizations are
a. sexism.
b. stereotypes.
c. status hierarchies.
d. social networks.
Answer: b
Page: 166
Level: Basic
Type: Comprehension
True/False Questions
86. Secondary groups are characterized by impersonal interactions whereas primary groups are
characterized by enduring relationships and emotional attachment.
Answer: True
Page: 175
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
87. If two people know the same language, there will never be misunderstandings and
miscommunication.
Answer: False
Page: 163
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
88. Sociologists believe that successful interaction requires each participant to take the
perspective of the other to achieve some common understanding.
Answer: True
Page: 163
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis
89. Stereotypes are only negative statements and generalizations about a group. Positive
attributes are never part of a stereotype.
Answer: False
Page: 166
Level: Moderate
Type: Synthesis
90. Groupthink is when a decision is arrived at and all alternatives and potential criticisms are
considered.
Answer: False
Page: 182
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
91. Stanley Milgram found people will stand up when they feel that they are pressured into doing
something ethically questionable.
Answer: False
Page: 181-182
Level: Basic
Type: Knowledge
92. Dyads are the least intimate type of exchange because only two people are involved.
Answer: False
Page: 175-176
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
93. Saying that a particular ethnic group is “hardworking” is not a stereotype because it is a
compliment.
Answer: False
Page: 166
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
94. Examples of a dyad are a married couple who are also business partners.
Answer: True
Page: 175-176
Level: Basic
Type: Analysis
95. The Thomas theorem implies that since our social worlds are socially constructed there are
no harmful consequences.
Answer: False
Page: 165
Level: Moderate
Type: Comprehension
96. Power at the top of a bureaucracy can never be challenged by those in lower positions.
Answer: False
Page: 177-178
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
97. It is simply human nature to want to conform; therefore, all cultures are similar in their level
of conformity demonstrated by their members.
Answer: False
Page: 180-181
Level: Moderate
Type: Synthesis
98. When organizations (such as two companies) merge, there are never problems with blending
their cultures; it happens naturally.
Answer: False
Page: 178
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
99. Homophily tends to reinforce our worldview because we interact with people who are like us.
Answer: True
Page: 173
Level: Moderate
Type: Evaluation
100. All statuses are equally important for the individual and within the larger society.
Answer: False
Page: 168
Level: Moderate
Type: Analysis

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Experience Sociology 1st Edition by

Croteau Hoynes ISBN 0073193534

Test Bank - Chapter 7

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which sociological perspective focuses on interpersonal interactions?

2. Symbolic interactionists would be most interested in studying which aspect of education?

3. According to sociologists, which of the following allows people to communicate?

5. What do sociologists mean by “social construction”?

7. What are stereotypes?

8. According to sociologists, what are the societal consequences of stereotypes?

13. Which of the following would be an example of a status set?

14. How does an achieved status differ from an ascribed one?

15. An ascribed position is one that

16. What is a status category?

17. In a status hierarchy,

20. How is status hierarchy linked to social inequality?

21. What is a social role?

26. What is the goal of impression management?

27. Role distance is that idea that someone

28. Which of the following would NOT be an example of a backstage performance?

29. What is a social network?

36. What distinguishes a social group from a crowd?

39. What distinguishes a primary group from a secondary group?

40. Which of the following would be a secondary relationship?

41. How do we relate to a reference group?

42. How does a reference group influence us?

46. What is a bureaucracy?

48. What does impersonality mean in terms of a bureaucracy?

49. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a bureaucratic organization?

50. Which of the following accurately describes culture and organizations?

52. Which of the following would be part of an organizational environment?

55. How are in-groups and out-groups different?

56. Which of the following would illustrate the dynamics of an out-group?

57. What was Solomon Asch trying to uncover in his experiments?

58. Solomon Asch’s experiments concluded that

59. Stanley Milgram found that in his experiment that people

61. Groupthink is when

63. What is an oligarchy?

65. Scientific management is when jobs are

66. The goal of scientific management is to

68. What are wikis?

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