Solution Manual for Elementary Statistics A Brief 6th

Edition by Bluman ISBN 0073386111 9780073386119

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Answers are generated using Table E.

Answers generated using the TI-83 will vary
slightly. Some TI-83 answers are shown.
EXERCISE SET 6-1
0 0.75
1.
The characteristics of the normal distribution 8.
are: The area is found by looking up D œ 0.32
in Table E and subtracting from 0.5.
1. It is bell-shaped.
Area œ 0.5 0.3745 œ 0.1255
2. It is symmetric about the mean.
3. The mean, median, and mode are equal.
4. It is continuous.
5. It never touches the X-axis.
6. The area under the curve is equal to one.
7. It is unimodal.

2. 0.32 0
Many variables are normally distributed, and
the distribution can be used to describe these 9.
variables. The area is found by looking up D œ 2.07
in Table E and subtracting from 0.5.
3. Area œ 0.5 0.0192 œ 0.4808
One or 100%.

4.
50% of the area lies below the mean, and
50% lies above the mean.

5.
68%, 95%, 99.7% 2.07 0

6. 10.

The area is found by looking up D œ 1.77 in The area is found by looking up D œ 2.01 in
Table E and subtracting it from 1.
Table E and subtracting 0.5.
Area œ 1 0.9778 œ 0.0222
Area œ 0.9616 0.5 œ 0.4616

0 1.77 0 2.01

11.
7.

The area is found by looking up D œ 0.75 in Table E and subtracting 0.5.

Area œ 0.7734 0.5 œ 0.2734
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

Notecontinued
11. to instructors: Graphs are not to scale 7. continued
15. continued
The
andarea
are is found by
intended to looking D œ 0.29
convey aupgeneral in
idea.
Table E and subtracting it from 1.
Area œ 1 0.6141 œ 0.3859

95
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

11. continued
Note to instructors: Graphs are not to scale 7. continued
15. continued
and are intended to convey a general idea.

0 0.29 0 1.05 1.78

12. 16.
The area is found by looking up D œ 0.75 The area is found by looking up the values
in Table E. 0.96 and 0.36 in Table E and
Area œ 0.2266 subtracting the areas.
Area œ 0.3594 0.1685 œ 0.1909

0.75 0
0.96 0.36 0
13.

The area is found by looking up D œ 1.39 17.

in Table E. The area is found by looking up the values
Area œ 0.0823 1.56 and 1.83 in Table E and
subtracting the areas.
Area œ 0.0594 0.0336 œ 0.0258

1.39 0

14. 1.83 1.56 0

The area is found by looking up the values
1.23 and 1.90 in Table E and subtracting the 18.

areas. The area is found by looking up the values

Area œ 0.9713 0.8907 œ 0.0806 1.12 and 0.24 and subtracting the areas.
Area œ 0.5948 0.1314 œ 0.4634

0 1.23 1.90
1.12 0 0.24
15.

The area is found by looking up the values Area œ 0.9625 0.8531 œ 0.1094
1.05 and 1.78 in Table E and subtracting the
areas.

96
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

Notecontinued
11. to instructors: Graphs are not to scale 7. continued
15. continued
and are intended to convey a general idea.
19.
The area is found by looking up the values
1.46 and 1.98 in Table E and
subtracting the areas.

97
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

28. continued
19. 23. continued
33.
Area œ 0.5
0.07210.1093 œ 0.3907
0.0239 œ 0.0482

0.17 0
1.98 1.46 0
24.

20. For z œ 2.15, the area is 0.0158. For

The area is found by looking up 1.31 in z œ 1.62, the area is 1 0.9474 œ 0.0526
Table E. Area œ 0.9049 Area œ 0.0158 0.0526 œ 0.0684

0 1.31 2.15 0 1.62

21. 25.
The area is found by looking up D œ 2.11 in For z œ 0.44, the area is 0.3300. For
Table E. z œ 1.92, the area is 1 0.9726 œ 0.0274
Area œ 0.9826 Area œ 0.3300 0.0274 œ 0.3574

0 2.11 0.44 0 1.92

22. 26.
The area is found by looking up 1.92 in Area œ 0.9750 0.5 œ 0.4750
Table E and subtracting the area from 1.
Area œ 1 0.0274 œ 0.9726

0 1.69

1.92 0 27.
Area œ 0.7486 0.5 œ 0.2486
23.

The area is found by looking up 0.17 in

Table E and subtracting it from 1.
1 0.4325 œ 0.5675

98
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

28. continued
19. 23. continued
33.
Area œ 0.5
0.07210.10930 œ 0.3907
0.0239 œ 0.0482
0.67

99
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

28. continued
19. 23. continued
33.
Area œ 0.5
0.07210.1093 œ 0.3907
0.0239 œ 0.0482

1.32 0
1.23 0
34.
29. Area œ 0.9406 0.4207 œ 0.5199
Area œ 0.5 0.0764 œ 0.4236

0.20 0 1.56
1.43 0
35.

30. Area œ 0.9591 0.0069 œ 0.9522

Area œ 1 0.7939 œ 0.2061 (TI answer œ 0.9521)

0 0.82 2.46 0 1.74

31. 36.
Area œ 1 0.9977 œ 0.0023 Area œ 0.9236 0.8686 œ 0.055

0 2.83 0 1.12 1.43

32. 37.
Area œ 0.0384 Area œ 0.9985 0.9279 œ 0.0706
(TI answer œ 0.0707)

1.77 0
0 1.46 2.97
33.

100
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

28. continued
19. 23. continued
33.
Area œ 0.0934
Area œ 0.07210.1093
0.5 œ 0.3907
0.0239 œ 0.0482

101
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

38. 45.
Area œ 1 0.0764 œ 0.9236 Use the negative D table and
1 0.8962 œ 0.1038 for the area. The D
score is D œ 1.26.
(TI answer œ 1.2602)

46.
a. D œ 0.12 for area œ 0.5478
1.43 0
b. D œ 0.52 for area œ 0.6985
39.
c. D œ 1.18 for area œ 0.8810
Area œ 0.9222
47.
a. Using the negative D table,
area œ 1 0.9887 œ 0.0113. Hence
Dœ 2.28.
(TI answer œ 2.2801)

0 1.42 b. Using the negative D table,

area œ 1 0.8212 œ 0.1788. Hence
40. Dœ 0.92.

Since the D score is on the right side of 0, use (TI answer œ 0.91995)
the positive D score table. Areas for positive
D scores include the left side of the curve, c. Using the negative D table,
which has an area of 0.5. Hence, we must area œ 1 0.6064 œ 0.3936. Hence
use 0.5 0.4066 œ 0.9066 as the area. The Dœ 0.27.
D score corresponding to an area of (TI answer œ 0.26995)
0.9066 is z œ 1.32.
48.
41. For a middle area of 48%, 24% lies on each
Since the D score is on the left side of 0, use side of 0. To find the D score on the left
the negative D table. Areas in the negative D side, use area œ 0.5 0.24 œ 0.26. The D
table are in the tail, so we will use score closest to an area of 0.26 is 0.64.
0.5 0.4175 œ 0.0825 as the area. The Since the curve is symmetrical about the
closest D score corresponding to an area of mean (or center line), the D score on the right
0.0825 is D œ 1.39. side is 0.64.
(TI answer œ 1.3885)
49.
42. a. For total area œ 0.05, there will be
Using the positive D table, area œ 0.025 in each tail. The D scores are
1 0.0239 œ 0.9761, thus D œ 1.98. „ 1.96.
(TI answer œ „ 1.95996)
43.
Dœ 2.08, found by using the negative D b. For total area œ 0.10, there will be
table. area œ 0.05 in each tail. The D scores are
(TI answer œ 2.0792) D œ „ 1.645.
(TI answer œ „ 1.64485)
44.
Dœ 1.84, found by using the positive D c. For total area œ 0.01, there will be
table. area œ 0.005 in each tail. The D scores are
D œ „ 2.58.
(TI answer œ „ 2.57583)

102
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

38. 45.
50. 56.
For the 75th percentile D œ 0.67 0.76 ƒ 2 œ 0.38 on each side.
(TI83 answer œ 0.6745) Area (right side) œ 0.5 0.38 œ 0.88
D œ 1.175
For the 80th percentile D œ 0.84 Area (left side) œ 0.5 0.38 œ 0.12
(TI83 answer œ 0.8416) Dœ 1.175
Thus, PÐ 1.175 D 1.175Ñ œ 0.76
For the 92th percentile D œ 1.41 (TI answer œ „ 1.17499)
(TI answer œ 1.40507)
57.
ÐX 0)#
51. / # e X#

PÐ " D "Ñ œ 0.8413 0.1587 yœ 2(1)

œ 2

1È 21 È21
œ 0.6826
58.
PÐ # D #Ñ œ 0.9772 0.0228 Each B value ( 2, 1.5, etc.) is
œ 0.9544 substituted in the formula C œ È221 to get the
e B#

PÐ $ D $Ñ œ 0.9987 0.0013 corresponding C value. The pairs are then

œ 0.9974 plotted as shown below.
( 2)#
e e 2
For B œ 2, C œ 2
œ
È21 È6.28
They are very close.
œ 0.1353
È 6.28 œ 0.05
52.
1 0.1234 œ 0.8766 B C

For area œ 0.8766, D! œ 1.16 -2.0 0.05

Thus, PÐD 1.16Ñ œ 0.1234 -1.5 0.13
-1.0 0.24
53. -0.5 0.35
For D œ 1.2, area œ 0.1151 0 0.40
Area (left side) œ 0.5 0.1151 œ 0.3849 0.5 0.35
0.8671 0.3849 œ 0.4822 1.0 0.24
Area (right side) œ 0.4822 0.5 œ 0.9822 1.5 0.13
For area œ 0.9822, D œ 2.10 2.0 0.05
Thus, PÐ 1.2 D 2.10Ñ œ 0.8671

54. 0.2345 0.1915 œ 0.043

For D œ 2.5, area œ 0.9938 0.5 0.043 œ 0.543
Area (right side) œ 0.9938 0.5 œ 0.4938 For area œ 0.543, D œ 0.11
0.7672 0.4938 œ 0.2734 Thus, PÐ 0.5 D 0.11Ñ œ 0.2345
Area (left side) œ 0.2734 0.5 œ 0.7734
For area œ 0.7734, D œ 0.75
Thus, PÐ 0.75 D 2.5Ñ œ 0.7672

55.
For D œ 0.5, area œ 0.3085
0.3085 0.2345 œ 0.074
For area œ 0.074, D œ 1.45
Thus, PÐ 1.45 z 0.5Ñ œ 0.2345

For D œ 0.5, area œ 0.3085

0.5 0.3085 œ 0.1915

103
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

38. 45.
0.
4

0.
3

0.
2

0.
1

0
-2 -1 0 1 2

EXERCISE SET 6-2

1.
Dœ $3.50 $5.81
œ 2.85 $0.81

P(D < 2.85) œ 0.0022 or 0.22%

104
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

1. continued 3a. continued

2.85 0 0 0.84
600,000 706,242
2. b. D œ 52,145 œ 2.04
a. D œ 35,000 47,750
5680
œ 2.24
52,145
700,000 706,242
Dœ œ 0.12
45,000 47,750
Dœ 5680 œ 0.48
P( 2.04 < D < 0.12) œ 0.4522 0.0207
P( 2.24 < D < 0.62) œ 0.3156 0.0125 P œ 0.4315 or 43.15%
P œ 0.3031 or 30.31% (TI answer œ 0.4316)
(TI answer œ 0.3017)

2.04 0.12
2.46 0.48
4.
40,000 47,750
b. D œ 5680 œ 1.36 For the 90th percentile, area œ 0.4 and
D œ 1.28
P(D > 1.36) œ 1 0.0869 œ 0.9131 B œ 1.28(92) 1028
(TI answer œ 0.91378) B œ 1145.8 or 1146

For a score of 1200, D œ 92 œ 1.87

P(D > 1.87) œ 1 0.9693 œ 0.0307 or

3.07%

1.36 5.
10
a. D œ œ 2.5
c. Not too happy! It's really at the bottom of
the heap! Dœ 10 œ 0.5

D œ 31,000568047,750 œ 2.95 P( 2.5 < D < 0.5 ) œ

P(D Ÿ 2.95) œ 0.0016 0.3085 0.0062 œ 0.3023 or 30.23%

Only 0.16% of salaries are below $31,000.

3.
a. D œ 750,000 706,242
52,145
œ 0.84

105
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

P(D > 0.84) œ 1 0.7995 œ 0.2005 or 2.5 0.5

20.05%

(TI answer œ 0.2007) b. D œ 2.5

P(D 2.5) œ 0.0062 or 0.62%

106
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

5b. continued 7a. continued

P(D > 0.37) œ 1 0.6443 œ 0.3557
or 35.57%
(TI answer œ 0.3547)

2.5

6.
a. D œ 180 œ 0.1 0 0.37
$11,000

P(D 0.1) œ 1 0.5398 œ 0.4602 or b. D œ $75, ,900

œ 0.99
46.02%
P(D > 0.99) œ 1 0.1611
œ 0.8389 or 83.89%
(TI answer œ 0.8391)

0.1

b. D œ 180 œ 2.74
0.99
P(D 2.74) œ 1 0.9969
œ 0.0031 or 0.31% 8.
a. D œ 15,
1500
,837
œ 1.44

P( D > 1.44) œ 1 0.9251 œ 0.0749 or

7.49%

2.74

c. D œ 180
œ 1.01

Dœ 180 œ 0.93 0 1.44

13, 1500 ,837
P( 1.01 D 0.93) œ b. D œ œ 0.11
0.8238 0.1562 œ 0.6676 or 66.76%
1500

1.01 0.93

107
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

Dœ 14, ,837
œ 0.78 P( 0.11 < D < 0.78) œ
0.7823 0.5438 œ 0.2385 or 23.85%

7.
$90, ,900
a. D œ $11,000 œ 0.37
0.11 0.78

108
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

9. 11a. continued
For B 15,000 miles:

D œ 15, 1290 ,494 œ 1.94

P(D 1.94) œ 1 0.9738 œ 0.0262
(TI answer œ 0.02603)
2.06

b. D œ 1100 œ 0.67

P( D > 0.67) œ 1 0.7486 œ 0.2514 or

25.14%
0 1.94 (TI answer œ 0.2511)

For B 8000 miles:

,494
Dœ 1290 œ 3.48

P(D 3.48) œ 0.0003

(TI answer œ 0.00025) 0 0.67

c. D œ 1100 œ 0.24
P( 0.24 < z < 0.67) œ
0.7486 0.4052 œ 0.3434 or 34.34%
(TI answer œ 0..3430)
3.48 0

For B 6000 miles:

,494
Dœ 1290 œ 5.03

P(D 5.03) œ 0.0001 0.24 0.67

Maybe it would be good to know why it had 12.

only been driven less than 6000 miles. P(B $2.00) œ P(D ?)
For area œ 0.15, D œ 1.04
10.
Dœ 6.1 œ 0.82 Using D œ \ \
:
=

P(D 0.82) œ 1 0.7939 œ 0.2061 or 1.04 œ 2.00 2.365

s
20.61%
1.04= œ 2.00 2.365
Dœ œ 1.15
6.1 1.04= œ 0.365
= œ 0.35096 or ¸ 35.1 cents
P(D 1.15) œ 0.1251 or 12.51%
13.
11. a. D œ 10.3
œ 2.33

109
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

2.7
a. D œ 1100 œ 2.06
Dœ 2.7
.3
œ 0.48
P( D 2.06) œ 1 0.0197 œ 0.9803 or
98.03% (TI answer œ 0.9801)

110
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

13a. continued 15a. continued

P( 2.33 < D < 0.48) œ
0.3156 0.0099 œ 0.3057
(TI answer œ 0.30527)

2.36 0.42

3.6
b. D œ .5
œ 1.53
2.33 0.48 0
3.6

Dœ .5
œ 0.42
b. D œ 2.7
.3
œ 1.96
P(D 1.53 or D 0.42) œ
Dœ 2.7
.3
œ 0.11 0.0630 (1 0.6628) œ
0.063 0.3372 œ 0.4002
P(D < 1.96 or D > 0.11) œ
0.0250 + (1 0.4562) œ 0.5688
(TI answer œ 0.56906)

1.53 0 0.42

c. For 15 minutes, D œ 2.36.

1.96 0.11 P(D 2.36) œ 0.0091
Since the probability is small, it is not likely
c. If the customer knew the mean and that a person would be seated in less than 15
standard deviation, the approximate wait minutes.
time would be between the mean plus 2
standard deviations and the mean minus 2 16.
standard deviations. P)! corresponds to D œ 0.84

14. For male professors:

Dœ 384 225
45 œ 3.53 B œ 0.84(5200) 99,685
B œ $104,053
P(D 3.53) œ 1 0.9999 œ 0.0001
The probability is less than 0.0001. For female professors:
B œ 0.84(5200) 90,330
B œ $94,698

17.
Dœ 3.4
.2
œ 2.41

P(D < 2.41) œ 0.008 or 0.8%

0 3.53
(TI answer œ 0.00794)
15.

a. D œ 3.6
.5
œ 2.36
D œ 3.6 .5
œ 0.42

111
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

P( 2.36 D 0.42) œ
0.3372 0.0091 œ 0.3281
2.41 0

112
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

17. continued 21. continued

A temperature of 63° is unlikely since the P( D 2.51) œ 1 0.9940 œ 0.006 or 0.6%
probability is about 0.8%.

18.
The middle 50% means that 25% of the area
will be on either side of the mean. Thus,
area œ 0.25 and D œ „ 0.67.
B œ 0.67(103) 792 œ 861.01
0 2.51
Bœ 0.67(103) 792 œ 722.99
For the least expensive 10%, the area is 0.4
The contributions are between $723 and
on the left side of the curve. Thus,
$861.
Dœ 1.28.
Bœ 1.28(100) 949 œ $821

22.
The bottom 5% (area) is in the left tail of the
normal curve. The corresponding z score is
found using area œ 0.05. Thus,
$723 $861 Dœ 1.645.
Bœ 1.645(18) 122.6 œ 92.99 or 93
19.
The middle 80% means that 40% of the area
will be on either side of the mean. The
corresponding D scores will be „ 1.28.
Bœ 1.28(92) 1810 œ 1692.24 sq. ft.
B œ 1.28(92) 1810 œ 1927.76 sq. ft.
(TI answers: 1927.90 maximum, 1692.10
minimum) 92.99 122.6

23.
The middle 60% means that 30% of the area
will be on either side of the mean. The
corresponding D scores will be „ 0.84.
Bœ 0.84(1150) 8256 œ $7290
B œ 0.84(1150) 8256 œ $9222
1692 1810 1928 (TI answer: $7288.14 . $9223.86)

20.
The middle 80% means that 40% of the area
will be on either side of the mean. Thus,
D œ „ 1.28
Bœ 1.28(15,000) 246,300 œ $227,100
B œ 1.28(15,000) 246,300 œ $265,500
$7290 $8256 $9222

24.
For the oldest 20%, the area is 0.8. Thus,
D œ 0.84.
22.8 œ 0.84= 19.4
= œ 4.048 or 4.05 years
227,100 246,300 265,500
25.
21. For the longest 10%, the area is 0.90. Thus,

113
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

Dœ 100 œ 2.51 D œ 1.28

114
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

25. continued 28. continued

Since 5 # œ 2.1, 5 œ È #Þ" œ 1.449
B œ 1.28(1.449) 4.8
B œ 6.65 or 6.7 days
(TI answer œ 6.657)
For the shortest 30%, the area is 0.30. Thus,
Dœ 0.52.
Bœ 0.52(1.449) 4.8 22 23.2 30
B œ 4.047 days or 4.05 days
(TI answer œ 4.040) 29.
The 10% to be exchanged would be at the
26. left, or bottom, of the curve; therefore,
a. For the top 3%, the area is 0.97. Thus, area œ 0.10. The corresponding D score will
D œ 1.88. be 1.28.
B œ 1.88(100) 400 Bœ 1.28(5) 25 œ 18.6 months.
B œ 588 minimum score to receive the
award.

b. For the bottom 1.5%, the area is 0.015.

Thus, D œ 2.17.
Bœ 2.17(100) 400
B œ 183 minimum score to avoid summer
school. 18.6 25

27. 30.
The bottom 18% area is 0.18. Thus, The top 20% means that area œ 0.80. The
Dœ 0.92. corresponding D score is 0.84.
Bœ 0.92(6256) 24,596 œ $18,840.48 B œ 0.84(9) 64 œ 71.56 ¸ 72
(TI answer œ $18,869.48)

28.
For B > 25 gallons:

Dœ 25
2.7
23.2
œ 0.67
64 71.56
P(D > 0.67) œ 1 0.7486 œ 0.2514
(TI answer œ 0.2525) 31.

a. . œ 120 5 œ 20
b. . œ 15 5 œ 2.5
c. . œ 30 5œ5

P( 0.44 Ÿ D Ÿ 2.52) œ
23.2 25 0.9941 0.3300 œ 0.6641 (TI
answer œ 0.6657)
For 22 B 30 gallons:

Dœ 22
2.7
23.2
œ 0.44

Dœ 30
2.7
23.2
œ 2.52

115
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

25. continued 28. continued

32.
No. Any subgroup would not be a
perfect representation of the seniors;
therefore, the mean and standard
deviation would be different.

33.
There are several mathematical tests
that can be used including drawing a
histogram and calculating Pearson's
index of skewness.

116
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

25. continued 28. continued

34. 39. continued
No. The shape of the distributions would be 12

the same, since D scores are raw scores 10

8
scaled by the standard deviation. 6

f
4

35. 2

0
5.48% area in the right tail of the curve 636.5-926.5 926.5-1216.5 1216.5-1506.5 1506.5-1796.5 1796.5-2086.5

means that area œ 0.9452. Thus, D œ 1.60. Num ber of M ovie s

\ .
Since D œ :
5 The histogram shows a positive skew.
1.60 œ 5
1.605 œ 5 PI œ 3(970.
376.5
.5)
œ 0.93
5 œ 3.125
IQR œ Q3 Q" œ 910 815 œ 95
36. 1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(95) œ 142.5
3.75% area in the left tail means that Q" 142.5 œ 672.5
area œ 0.0375. Thus, D œ 1.78. Q$ 142.5 œ 1052.5
.
1.78 œ 6 There are several outliers.
1.78(6) œ 85 . Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.
. œ 95.68
40.
37. Histogram:
1.25% of the area in each tail means that 20

area œ 0.0125 in the left tail and 15

area œ 0.9875 in the right tail. Thus,
Frequenc

10
D œ „ 2.24.
y

5
Then . œ 2 œ 45 and B œ . D5.

48 œ 45 2.245 16.5-87.5 87.5-158.5 229.5- 300.5- 371.5-

5 œ 1.34 158.5-
229.5
300.5 371.5 442.5
Tax

38. The histogram shows a positive skew.

The cutoff for the A's and F's would be:
B œ . D5 PI œ 3(147. .5)
œ 0.27
93.55
B œ 60 1.65(10)
B œ 76.5 for the A's IQR œ Q$ Q" œ 200 62 œ 138
B œ 60 ( 1.65)(10) 1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(138) œ 207
B œ 43.5 for the F's Q" 207 œ 145
Q$ 207 œ 407
For the B's and D's: There is one outlier.
B œ 60 (0.84)(10) Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.
B œ 68.4 for the B's
B œ 60 ( 0.84)(10) 41.
B œ 51.6 for the D's Histogram:
18
The grading scale would be: 16
14
77 and up A 12
Frequency

10
68 76 B 8
6
52 67 C 4
2
44 51 D 0
27.5-102.5 102.5-177.5 177.5-252.5 252.5-327.5 327.5-402.5
0 43 F Re ve nue

39. Histogram:

117
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

25. continued 28. continued

The

histo 89.598

gra

sho

ws a

posit

ive

ske

w.

PI œ

3(

59)

1.04

118
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

41. continued 7.
IQR œ Q$ Q" œ 111 32 œ 79 Dœ \ .
5ÎÈ8
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(79) œ 118.5
Q" 118.5 œ 86.5
8.
Q$ 118.5 œ 229.5 .
There are two outliers. Dœ 5
Èn
œ 2.5
.2
œ 0.59
È55
Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.
Dœ 2.5
.2
œ 2.37
42. È55

Histogram:
P( 0.59 D 2.37) œ 0.9911 0.2776
8
6
œ 0.7135 or 71.35%
4
f

2
0

2.5-17.5 17.5-32.5 32.5-47.5 47.5-62.5 62.5-

77.5
Runs

The histogram shows a negative skew.

17 17.2 18
3(45.
PI œ 20.58 œ 0.99
9.
IQR œ Q$ Q" œ 60.5 29.5 œ 31 a. D œ .
œ $25,000 $26,489
œ 2.79
5 $3204
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(31) œ 46.5 Èn È
36

Q" 46.5 œ 17
Q$ 46.5 œ 107
P(z 2.79) œ 0.0026 or 0.26%
There are no outliers.
(TI answer œ 0.0026)
Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.

EXERCISE SET 6-3

1.
The distribution is called the sampling
distribution of sample means.
$25,000 $26,489
2.
. $26,000 ,489
The sample is not a perfect representation of b. D œ 5 œ $3204 œ 0.92
Èn È36
the population. The difference is due to
what is called sampling error.
P(D 0.92) œ 1 0.1788 œ 0.8212
3. (TI answer œ 0.8201)
The mean of the sample means is equal to
the population mean.

4.
The standard deviation of the sample means
is called the standard error of the mean.
5X œ È5n 26,000 26,489

.
c. D œ 5 œ $24,000
$3204
,489
œ 4.66
5. È36
Èn

The distribution will be approximately

normal when sample size is large. 6.

119
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

. $26,000 ,489
Dœ \ .
5
Dœ 5
Èn
œ $3204 œ 0.92
È36

P( 4.66 D 0.92) œ
0.1788 0.0001 œ 0.1787

120
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

9c. continued 12.

(TI answer œ 0.1799) a. D œ $45,000 $37,764
$5100 œ 1.42

P(D 1.42) œ 1 0.9222 œ 0.0778 or

7.78%

$24,000 $26,000

10.

$52,000 $57,337
a. D œ $7500 œ 0.71 0 1.42

P(D < 0.71) œ 0.2389 or 23.89% b. D œ $38,000 $37,764

$5100 œ 0.40
È75

P(D 0.40) œ 1 0.6554 œ 0.3446

or 34.46%

0.71 0

$56, ,337
b. D œ $7500 œ 1.78
È100

$37,764 $38,000
P(D < 1.78) œ 0.0375 or 3.75%
(TI answer œ 0.0373) 13.
For B 20 mpg:

.
Dœ 5 œ 20
2.9
21
œ 1.72
Èn È25

P(D 1.72) œ 0427 or 4.27%

(TI answer œ 0.0423)
$56,000 $57,337

11.
.
Dœ œ œ0
5 16.3
Èn È35

.
Dœ 5 œ 16.3 œ 0.73
Èn È35
20 21
P(0 < D < 0.73) œ 0.7673 0.5 œ 0.2673 or
For 20 B 25:
26.73%
(TI answer œ 0.2660) .
Dœ 5
œ 25
2.9
21
œ 6.90
Èn È25

.
Dœ 5 œ 20
2.9
21
œ 1.72
Èn È25

121
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

220 222 P(20 D 25) œ 0.9999 0.0427

œ 0.9572 or 95.72%
(TI answer œ 0.9577)

122
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

13. continued 16.

Dœ 23.
2.6
.3 œ 1.10
È33

P(D < 1.10) œ 0.1357 or 13.57%

20 21 25

14.
23.8 24.3
Since 8 30, we can use the normal

distribution.
17.
. 120 123

Dœ œ 3.11 Dœ 5 21 œ 0.55
100
È200 œ È15
Èn

.
P(D 3.11) œ 1 0.9999 œ 0.0001 Dœ œ œ

5 #" 0.55
Èn È15
or 0.01%
(TI answer œ 0.00009) P( 0.55 D 0.55) œ 0.7088 0.2912
Thus, we would be surprised to get a sample œ 0.4176 or 41.76%
mean of 1050 since the probability is less (TI answer œ 0.4199)
than 0.0001.

15.

a. D œ 5 . œ 67035 660 œ 0.29

P(z 0.29) œ 1 0.6141 œ 0.3859
(TI answer œ 0.3875)
120 123 126

18.

a. D œ $3800
460
$4064
œ 2.57
È20

P(D 2.57) œ 0.0051 or 0.51%

0 0.29

.
b. D œ œ 670 660
œ 0.90
5 35
Èn È10

P(z 0.90) œ 1 0.8159 œ 0.1841

$3800 $4064
(TI answer œ 0.1831)
b. D œ $4100
460
$4064
œ 0.35
È20

660 670

123
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

c. Individual values are more variable than P(D 0.35) œ 1 0.6368 œ 0.3632
means.

$4064 $4100

124
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

19. 21.
.
Dœ .
œ 1980 2000
œ 0.75 a. D œ œ .85
œ 0.24
5 187.5 5 3.6
Èn È50

.
P(D 0.24) œ 0.4052 or 40.52%
Dœ œ 1990 2000
œ 0.38
5 187.5
Èn È50

P( 0.75 D 0.38) œ
0.3520 0.2266 œ 0.1254
(TI answer œ 0.12769)

0.24 0

b. D œ 3.6
.85
œ 1.34
È32

P(D 1.34) œ 0.0901 or 9.01%

1980 1990 2000

20.
For B $50,000:

.
Dœ œ $50,000 $51,803
œ 2.17
5 $4850
Èn È34

30 30.85
P(D 2.17) œ 1 0.0150 œ 0.985 or
98.5% c. Yes, since the probability is slightly more
than 40%.

d. It's possible since the probability is about

9%.

22.
$50,000 $51,803 a. D œ 121.8 120
5.6 œ 0.32

For B $48,000: Dœ 120 120

5.6 œ0

Dœ $48,000 $51,803
$4850 œ 4.57 P(0 D 0.32) œ 0.6255 0.5 œ 0.1255
È34
or 12.55%
P(D 4.57) œ 0.0001 or 0.01%
(TI answer œ 0.0000024)
The probability is less than 0.0001.

0 0.32

c. Sample means are less variable than

individual data.
$48,000 $51,803

125
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

b. D œ 121.8 120
œ 1.76 5.6
È
3
0

Dœ 120 120
œ0 5.6
È
3
0

P(0 D 1.76) œ 0.9608 0.5 œ

0.4608 or 46.08%

126
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

22b. continued 24. continued

b. D1 œ 36 3.736.2 œ 0.21
È15

D2 œ 37.5
3.7
36.2
œ 1.36
È15

P( 0.21 D 1.36) œ 0.9131 0.4168

œ 0.4963 or 49.63%
120 121.8
(TI answer œ 0.04779)
c. Sample means are less variable than
individual data.

23.

a. D œ 22015 215 œ 0.33

P(D 0.33) œ 1 0.6293 œ 0.3707 or
37.07% 36 36.2 37.5
(TI answer œ 0.3694)
25.

Dœ 800
77
777
œ 2.11
È50

P(D 2.11) œ 1 0.9826 œ 0.0174

0 0.33

b. D œ 220
15
215
œ 1.67
È25

P(D 1.67) œ 1 0.9525 œ 0.0475 or

4.75% 0 2.11
(TI answer œ 0.04779)
No, the central limit theorem applies.

26.
Since 50 0.05(500) or 25, the correction
factor must be used.
It is É 1 œ 0.950
215 220
.
Dœ 5 ÉN n
œ 5.3
†(0.95)
œ 2.81
24. Èn
† È50
N 1

a. D1 œ 36 36.2
3.7 œ 0.05
0.05 0 0.35
D2 œ 37.5 36.2
3.7 œ 0.35

P( 0.05 D 0.35) œ 0.6368 0.4801

œ 0.1567 or 15.67%

127
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

22b. continued 24. continued

P(D 2.81) œ 0.0025

70 72

27.
Since 50 0.05(800) or 40, the
correction factor is necessary.

128
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

22b. continued 24. continued

27. continued 1. continued
It is É œ 0.969 distribution becomes similar to the normal
.
distribution.The normal approximation
83, ,000
Dœ œ œ 2.19 should be used only when n † p and n † q are
5 N n 5000
† (0.969)
Èn ÉN 1
È50 both greater than or equal to 5. The
correction for continuity is necessary
P(D 2.19) œ 1 0.9857 œ 0.0143 or
because the normal distribution is
1.43%
continuous and the binomial is discrete.

2.
For each problem use the following
formulas:
. œ np 5 œ Ènpq z œ 5 .

Be sure to correct each X for continuity.

82,000 83,500

a. . œ 0.5(30) œ 15
28. 5 œ È (0.5)(0.5)(30) œ 2.74
The upper 95% is the same as 5% in the left
tail. For area œ 0.05 in the left tail, the
Dœ 17.
2.74 œ 0.91 area œ 0.8186
corresponding D score is 1.65.
1.65 œ 100 18.

È20 Dœ 2.74 œ 1.28 area œ 0.8997

1.65( È100
20
) 2000 œ X

X œ 1963.10 P(17.5 X 18.5) œ 0.8997 0.8186

œ 0.0811 œ 8.11%

1963.10 2000
15 17.5 18.5
29.
5 15 b. . œ 0.8(50) œ 40
5x œ Èn œ È100 œ 1.5
5 œ È (50)(0.8)(0.2) œ 2.83
2(1.5) œ È15
n
3 † Èn œ 15 Dœ 43.
œ 1.24 area œ 0.8925
2.83
Èn œ 5
n œ 25, the sample size necessary to double Dœ 44.
œ 1.59 area œ 0.9441
2.83
the standard error.
P(43.5 X 44.5) œ 0.9441 0.8925
30. œ 0.0516 or 5.16%
1.5 15
2
œ Èn
0.75 † È n œ 15
È n œ 0.75
15
œ 20

129
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

22b. continued 24. continued

n œ 400, the sample size necessary to cut the
standard error in half.
EXERCISE SET 6-4 40 43.5 44.5

1. c. . œ 0.1(100) œ 10

When p is approximately 0.5, and as n 5 œ È (0.1)(0.9)(100) œ 3

increases, the shape of the binomial

130
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

2c. continued 2f. continued

D œ 11. 3 œ 0.50 area œ 0.6915

Dœ 12.
3 œ 0.83 area œ 0.7967

P(11.5 X 12.5) œ 0.7967 0.6915

œ 0.1052 or 10.52%
30 40.5

3.
a. np œ 20(0.50) œ 10 5 Yes
nq œ 20(0.50) œ 10 5
b. np œ 10(0.60) œ 6 5 No

10 11.5 12.5 nq œ 10(0.40) œ 4 5

c. np œ 40(0.90) œ 36 5 No
d. . œ 10(0.5) œ 5 nq œ 40(0.10) œ 4 5

5 œ È (0.5)(0.5)(10) œ 1.58 d. np œ 50(0.20) œ 10 5 Yes

nq œ 50(0.80) œ 40 5
e. np œ 30(0.80) œ 24 5 Yes
Dœ 6.
œ 0.95 area œ 0.8289
1.58 nq œ 30(0.20) œ 6 5
f. np œ 20(0.85) œ 17 5 No
P(X 6.5) œ 1 0.8289 œ 0.1711 or
nq œ 20(0.15) œ 3 5
17.11%
4.
. œ 500(0.56) œ 280
5 œ È (500)(0.56)(0.44) œ 11.1
D œ 249.11.1 œ 2.75 area œ 0.0030
P(X 249.5) œ 1 0.0030 œ 0.9970 or
5 6.5 99.7%

e. . œ 20(0.7) œ 14

5 œ È (20)(0.7)(0.3) œ 2.05
D œ 12.2.05 œ 0.73 area œ 0.2327

P(X Ÿ 12.5) œ 0.2327 or 23.27%

249.5 280

5.
pœ 2
œ 0.4 . œ 400(0.4) œ 160
5
5 œ È (400)(0.4)(0.6) œ 9.8
D œ 170.9.8 œ 1.07
12.5 14 P(X Ÿ 170.5) œ 0.8577 or 85.77%

f. . œ 50(0.6) œ 30

5 œ È (50)(0.6)(0.4) œ 3.46

D œ 40.3.46 œ 3.03 area œ 0.9988

P(X Ÿ 40.5) œ 0.9988 or 99.88%

131
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

160
170.
5

132
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

6. 9. continued
. œ 600(0.08) œ 48 5 œ È (200)(0.261)(0.739) œ 6.21
5 œ È (600)(0.08)(0.92) œ 6.65
Dœ 50.5 52.2
6.21 œ 0.27
Dœ 39.
6.65 œ 1.28
P(X Ÿ 50.5) œ 0.3936
P(X 39.5) œ 0.1003 or 10.03%

50.5 52.2
39.5 48
10.

7. . œ 150(0.289) œ 43.35
. œ 400(0.3) œ 120 5 œ È (150)(0.289)(0.711) œ 5.55
5 œ È (400)(0.3)(0.7) œ 9.17
Dœ 50.5 43.35
5.55 œ 1.29 area œ 0.9015
Dœ 99.
9.17 œ 2.24
P(X 50.5) œ 1 0.9015 œ 0.0985
P(X 99.5) œ 1 0.0125 œ 0.9875
(TI answer œ 0.9873)

43.35 50.5
99.5 120
11.

8. 9.
. œ 180(0.6) œ 108 . œ 200(0.261) œ 52.2
5 œ È (180)(0.6)(0.4) œ 6.57

Dœ 99.5 108
6.57 œ 1.29 area œ 0.0985

Dœ 60.5 108
6.57 œ 7.23 area œ 0.0001

P(60.5 X 99.5) œ 0.0985 0.0001

P(60.5 X 99.5) œ 0.0984
(TI answer œ 0.097965)

60.5 99.5 108

133
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

. œ 300(0.803) œ 240.9
5 œ È (300)(0.803)(0.197) œ 6.89
X $ (300) or X 225 %

Dœ 224.5 240.9
œ 2.38 6.89

P(X 224.5) œ 0.0087

224.5
240.9

12.
. œ 250(0.22) œ 55
5 œ È (250)(0.22)(0.78) œ 6.55

Dœ 49.5 55
œ 0.84 area œ 0.2005 6.55

134
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

12. continued REVIEW EXERCISES - CHAPTER 6

P(X 49.5) œ 0.2005
1.
a. 0.9744 0.5 œ 0.4744

49.5 55

13. 0 1.95
. œ 350(0.35) œ 122.5
5 œ È (350)(0.35)(0.65) œ 8.92 b. 0.6443 0.5 0.1443

Dœ 99.
8.92
.5
œ 2.58 area œ 0.0049

P(X 99.5) œ 1 0.0049 œ 0.9951 or

99.51% (TI answer œ 0.9950)
Yes; it is likely that 100 or more people
would favor the parking lot.
0 0.37

c. 0.9656 0.9066 œ 0.0590

99.5 122.5

14.
0 1.32 1.82
. œ 200(0.675) œ 135
5 œ È 200(0.675)(0.325) œ 6.62
d. 0.9798 0.1469 œ 0.8329
(TI answer œ 0.83296)
Dœ 124.5 135
6.62 œ 1.59 area œ 0.0559

P(X 124.5) œ 0.0559 or 5.59%

(TI answer œ 0.0565)

1.05 0 2.05

e. 0.7019 0.4880 œ 0.2139

124.5 135

15.
a. n(0.1) œ 5 n 50
b. n(0.3) œ 5 n 17
c. n(0.5) œ 5 n 10
d. n(0.2) œ 5 n 25 0.03 0 0.53
e. n(0.1) œ 5 n 50
f. 0.8643 0.0359 œ 0.8284

135
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

1f. continued 2a. continued

1.80 0 1.10 0 2.07

g. 1 0.9767 œ 0.0233 b. 0.5 0.0336 œ 0.4664

1.83 0
0 1.99
c. 0.9778 0.0559 œ 0.9219
h. 1 0.0869 œ 0.9131

1.59 0 2.01
1.36 0
d. 0.9699 0.9082 œ 0.0617
i. 0.0183

0 1.33 1.88
2.09 0
e. 0.6443 0.0052 œ 0.6391
j. 0.9535

2.56 0 0.37
0 1.68

2.
a. 0.9808 0.5 œ 0.4808

136
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

f. 1 0.9515 œ 0.0485 3a. continued

0 1.66 0 1.21

g. 0.0212 b. For the middle 50%, 25% of the area is

on each side of 0. Thus, D œ „ 0.67

B œ 0.67(600) 5274 œ $5676

Bœ 0.67(600) 5274 œ $4872
(TI answers: $4869.31 to $5678.69)

4.
2.03 0
5000
a. D œ 45, ,000
œ 1.00 area œ 0.8413
h. 1 0.1170 œ 0.8830
P(D 1.00) œ 1 0.8413 œ 0.1587

1.19 0
0 1.00
i. 0.9732 45,000 40,000
b. D œ 5000 œ 3.00 area œ 0.9987
È9

P(D 3.00) œ 1 0.9987 œ 0.0013

0 1.93

j. 1 0.0384 œ 0.9616
40,000 45,000

5.
a. D œ 22 œ0
Dœ œ 1.09
1.77 0 22
P(0 D 1.09) œ 0.8621 0.5 œ 0.3621
3. or 36.21%
a. D œ $6000 $5274
$600 œ 1.21

137
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

P(D 1.21) œ 1 0.8869 œ 0.1131

138
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

5a. continued 6. continued

P(0.76 D 1.57) œ 0.9418 0.7764
œ 0.1654
(TI answer œ 0.16705)

0 1.09

b. D œ 22 œ 1.18
0.76 1.57
P(D 1.18) œ 0.1190 or 11.9%
7.
For 15% costs, area œ 0.85
D œ 1.04
X œ 1.04(10.50) 120 œ $130.92

8.
Histogram:
1.18 0
15
10
c. D œ 22 œ 1.55 f 5
0
P(D 1.55) œ 1 0.9394 œ 0.0606 or 2144.5- 4384.5- 6624.5- 8864.5- 11104.5- 13344.5-
6.06% 4384.5 6624.5 8864.5 11104.5 13344.5 15584.5

Height

The histogram shows a positive skew.

3(6972. .5)
PI œ 3458.85 œ 0.90

IQR œ Q$ Q"
0 1.55 IQR œ 9348 5135 œ 4213
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(4213) œ 6319.5
6. Q" 6319.5 œ 1184.5

For more than $15 per month: Q$ 6319.5 œ 15,667.5

There are no outliers.
Dœ $15 $10.15
œ 1.98 Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.
$2.45

P(D 1.98) œ 1 0.9761 œ 0.0239 9.

Histogram:
8
6
4
f

2
0
979.5- 1584.5- 2189.5- 2794.5- 3399.5- 4004.5-
1584.5 2189.5 2794.5 3399.5 4004.5 4609.5

$2.45 Dœ $12 $10.15

œ 0.76
0 1.98
$2.45 Dœ $14 $10.15
œ 1.57
For between $12 and $14 per month:

139
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

E
n
r
o
l
l
m
e
n
t

The histogram shows a

positive skew. PI œ
1171.7

3(2136.
œ 0.98

IQR œ Q$ Q"
IQR œ 2827 1320 œ 1507
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(1507) œ 2260.5

140
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

9. continued 11b. continued

Q" 2260.5 œ 940.5
Q$ 2260.5 œ 5087.5
There are no outliers.
Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.

10.

a. D œ 18 19.32
2.44 œ 0.54
$60 $61.50
P(D 0.54) œ 1 0.2946 œ 0.7054 12.
(TI answer œ 0.7057)
Dœ 3.
0.6
.7
œ 2.83
È32

P(X 3.4) œ 1 0.9977 œ 0.0023 or

0.23%

0.54 0

b. D œ 18
2.44
19.32
œ 1.21
È5
3.4 3.7
P(D 1.21) œ 1 0.1131 œ 0.8869
Yes, since the probability is less than 1%.
(TI answer œ 0.8868)
13.
. œ 120(0.173) œ 20.76
5 œ È 120(0.173)(0.827) œ 4.14

Dœ 20.5 20.76
4.14 œ 0.06

1.21 0 Dœ 34.5 20.76

œ 3.32
4.14

11. P(20.5 X 34.5) œ 0.9995 0.4761

.
a. D œ 5
Èn
œ 27
3.75
25.7
œ 2.19 œ 0.5234
È40
(TI answer œ 0.52456)
P(X 27) œ 1 0.9857 œ 0.0143
(TI answer œ 0.0142)

20.5 20.76 34.5

25.7 27 14.
. œ np œ 500(0.05) œ 25
b. D œ .
œ $60 $61.50
œ 1.80 5 œ Ènpq œ È (500)(0.05)(0.95) œ 4.87
5 $5.89
Èn È50

Dœ 30.
œ 1.13
P(X 60) œ 1 0.0359 œ 0.9641 4.87

141
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

Dœ 29.
œ 0.92 4.87

P(29.5 X 30.5) œ 0.8708

0.8212
œ 0.0496 or 4.96%

142
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

14. continued 16. continued

29.5 30.5 240 259.5

15. 17.
For fewer than 10 holding multiple jobs: . œ 200(0.2) œ 40
. œ 150(0.053) œ 7.95 5 œ È (200)(0.2)(0.8) œ 5.66
5 œ È (150)(0.053)(0.947) œ 2.744
zœ 49.
5.66 œ 1.68
Dœ 9.5 7.95
2.74 œ 0.56
P(X 49.5) œ 1 0.9535 œ 0.0465 or
P(X 9.5) œ 0.7123 4.65%
(TI answer œ 0.7139)

40 49.5
7.95 9.5
CHAPTER 6 QUIZ
For more than 50 not holding multiple jobs:
. œ 150(0.947) œ 142.05 1. False, the total area is equal to one.
5 œ È 150(0.947)(0.053) œ 2.744 2. True
3. True
Dœ 50.5 142.05
2.744 œ 33.37 4. True
5. False, the area is positive.
P(X 50.5) œ 1 0.0001 œ 0.9999 6. False, it applies to means taken from the
(TI answer œ 0.9999) same population.
7. a
8. a
9. b
10. b
11. c
12. 0.5
13. Sampling error
50.5 142.05 14. The population mean
15. The standard error of the mean
16. 16. 5
. œ 800(0.30) œ 240 17. 5%
5 œ È (800)(0.3)(0.7) œ 12.96
18. The areas are:
zœ 259.
12.96 œ 1.50 a. 0.4332 f. 0.8284
b. 0.3944 g. 0.0401
P(X 259.5) œ 1 0.9332 œ 0.0668 or c. 0.0344 h. 0..8997
6.68% d. 0.1029 i. 0.017
e. 0.2912 j. 0.9131

143
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

14. continued 16. continued

19. The probabilities are:
a. 0.4846 f. 0.0384
b. 0.4693 g. 0.0089
c. 0.9334 h. 0.9582
d. 0.0188 i. 0.9788
e. 0.7461 j. 0.8461

20. The probabilities are:

a. 0.7734
b. 0.0516
c. 0.3837
d. Any rainfall above 65 inches could be
considered an extremely wet year since this
value is two standard deviations above the
mean.

21. The probabilities are:

a. 0.0668 c. 0.4649
b. 0.0228 d. 0.0934

22. The probabilities are:

a. 0.4525 c. 0.3707
b. 0.3707 d. 0.019

23. The probabilities are:

a. 0.0013 c. 0.0081
b. 0.5 d. 0.5511

24. The probabilities are:

a. 0.0037 c. 0.5
b. 0.0228 d. 0.3232

25. 8.804 cm
26. The lowest acceptable score is 121.24.
27. 0.015
28. 0.9738
29. 0.0495; no
30. 0.0455
31. 0.8577
32. 0.0495
33. The distribution is not normal.
34. The distribution is approximately
normal.

144