CHEMICAL KINETICS

Experiment No 7

Aim-
To study the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate
and hydrochloric acid.
Apparatus-
Stop watch, measuring cylinder, conical flask, white tiles etc.
Material required-
0.1 M Na2S2O3 and 1 M HCl.
Theory-
According to the law of mass action, rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional
to the product of the molar concentration of the reactants. The rate of reaction increases
with the increase in the concentration of the reactants. The effect of concentration of
reactants on rate of a reaction can be studied easily by the reaction between Sodium
thiusulphate and hydrochloric acid.
Na2S2O3 + 2HCl -------- S + 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O
The insoluble sulphur , formed during the reaction gives a milky appearance and make
the solution opaque. Therefore rate of reaction can be studied by measuring the time
taken to produce enough sulphur to make some marks invisible on a paper kept under
the conical flask in which reaction is carried out.
Procedure-
1. Wash the conical flask with water.
2. Measure 25 ml 0.1 ml sodium thiosulfate and pour it into the conical flask and place it
on the crossed mark paper.
3. Measure 5 ml 1 ml HCl pour it in the conical flask containing sodium thiosulfate
solution and start the stop watch .

4. Observe the crossed mark paper from the top of the flask and stop the stop-watch
when the cross mark just becomes invisible. Note down the time.

5. Repeat this process four more times as per the observation table given below.

Observation table- (To be drawn on blank page in pencil)

 S.N Volume of Volume of Volume Concentr Time 1 / t sec-1
o. 0.1 M 1 M HCl of water ation of taken in
Sodium sodium sec.
thiosulfat thiosulfat
e solution e solution
1 25 ml 5 ml Nil 0.1 M
2 20 ml 5 ml 5 ml 0.08 M
3 15 ml 5 ml 10 ml 0.06 M
4 10 ml 5 ml 15 ml 0.04 M
5 5 ml 5 ml 20 ml 0.02 M

NOTE: Graph to be drawn and pasted on the blank page below this table.

Plotting of Graph-
A straight sloping line is obtained when a graph between 1/t sec-1 and the concentration
of sodium thiosulfate solution is drawn by taking 1/t along ordinate vertical axis and
concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution along abscissa horizontal axis.

 Result-

From the graph it is clear that 1/ t is directly proportional to the concentrated sodium
thiosulfate solution. The rate of the reaction between Na2S2O3 and HCl is directly
proportional to the conc. Na2S2O3 solution taken, which is one of the reactant.

Precautions-
1. The apparatus must be thoroughly clean.
2. Use the same tile with the same cross mark for all observations.
3. Measure the solutions accurately.
4. View the cross mark through the reaction mixture from top to bottom from same
height for all observations.

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