@ rc a @ (simalZ|zlala) 2 a = fa -Phygics —470r eemimepelin |om 2 w 20 Magnetic fields 20.1 Concept of a magnetic field Candidates should be able to: 1 understand that a magnetic field is an example of a field of force produced either by moving charges or by permanent magnets 2 represent a magnetic field by field lines 20.2 Force on acurrent-carrying conductor Candidates should be able to 1 understand that a force might act on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field 2 recall and use the equation F = BIL sin 0, with directions as interpreted by Fleming's left-hand rule 3 define magnetic flux density as the force acting per unit current per unit length on a wire placed at right: angles to the magnetic fieldOo@®a.ga 20.3 Force ona moving charge Candidates should be able tc 1 determine the direction of the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field 2 recall and use F = BQv sin @ 3 _understand the origin of the Hall voltage and derive and use the expression V,, = BI/(ntq), where t = thickness 4 understand the use of a Hall probe to measure magnetic flux density 5 describe the motion of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of motion of the particle 6 explain how electric and magnetic fields can be used in velocity selection 20.4 Magnetic fields due to currents Candidates should be able tc 1 sketch magnetic field patterns due to the currents in a long straight wire, a flat circular coil and a long solenoid 2 understand that the magnetic field due to the current in a solenoid is increased by a ferrous core explain the origin of the forces between current-carrying conductors and determine the direction of the forcesa BE “7.0.7 ¢€ 3 9 At ene at | pe oie Pee Pit 2 arabian i. pee we pee Torte “og eee es Lae me i (5 cy Patel tll wi wenn techs pee Change move pata we peel eh3. 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(ct) BaFa tial Z/zlala) 3 oe e AY eal (40) (As) B= 4 BlaOe 2 2 & WMMadaAda « 3 © & © Portia Gn a Curved Carmying conckuctos in a smognetic Kod “che Foca sickly phaattin! fo ( 1) Cuneut in (ondactor - Fag ) Lough by Tre. conta [F = T18 ] f XL BRL i) eee dowsiby 4 = ie F «xB ; Fe F(t Gu) 8Magnadur magnets, mee An experiment to understand electromagnetism: The copper rod is free to roll along the two horizontal aluminium ‘rails’.om fal an | Define Testa “File f= E ra _ tN (4A) ( (4s) B = 4 Tesla tiMalZiadial «= 3 =e Vi Tala Wis the woh d dong a magvatte Im ih a cova si mer lace : aiviaas Ce ed) 10D Q Loree QUIEN,a ta 710.2) e he) Crawsifachional Face gee ae mee Sheth —> Fete pe omit oun.) Hecke +4 =} Seale = Magulric Nux yo ma) feta ¥eo gf BMadadal <¢ 3 0 e © Ser True = bud le -(P LB $n0) Qolgig) 9-9) f6nS=t |a e CO Bl o (liMalialdea<«¢ 3s © & @ Sr Fo Number B tums OQ - NC LBA Gta) - N/ BA Ca Se PINRO Maxim Lee Ajai i ce ; (sitive) {d=2) a =a & 4 a ea sia iz/ala az € 3 Uv & om Ss We BIN EEHew Oo «2 & (Masada «¢ 3s © & © er An SxbpR ment fo APC wine Change “te Wa vad 0 Cer} at Pe olechsonHew Oo «2 & (Masada «¢ 3s © & © er : To cechw foley A Circulos i wher —owfen ? tre magnate field Map fence praiides “re coudsypele) mt _ 2 wB SnD rat : v = = ‘elgtrop have Bhd A po Paeeee rae bid g&3 sMia)4/71012 ome Oo a = Bdlomivaton A Neloule- ty tiestt 5 Detonttal Dekiawnce _wethod oor Re Weak dove | mM tes ae ude E 3 Vv Sipe Ha Oe there at = aNe ™” ae ) Zee ™ peeHee oO a 4 GMadada «3 0 & © i) \elocihg Qhedor wettusal +. ve abeceon “wapuge “Pre ert pe eriton eld uric / Beokete, Fore = Vagetc FareSe _E | Hifi alioe =f 0° charge ™ Le ‘fo la pcthioHee 2 «2 & (Masada «¢ 3 © & © palace Chg t+ hand geeky Laer % ose th fipttacs Re Ce Sac om TeadSem | Rule for determining the direction of a magnetic field around a current carrying wire. * Thumb: current * Curl of fingers: field current CI) L _ steckozoryoshaThe magnetic field pattern around a current carrying wire The diagram also shows the convention used to indicate the direction of current A |__ current-carrying A ~ magnetic plane at 90 field lines towire ‘4 B Sredko2orposhoOG @ @ ([pialziadia-«¢ 3 © Mopaetic qu dur +p en onrred oie) PMagmetlc Flux deme! i$ Strong yeav We yn duck ot Ol ws from TS candy cher. Ee magnetic ant dena pcractes ) We tue im breayges rd! ‘Vice Versa. pee. Ma < 70 a] _<« =|Ceo a a Mi 47/2012, 3 0 & ® BY Hot) ‘othago:- 1 —Sem 2O 2 @ Malalziaaa) ro aan Feeobie = E og = JAB (Ce) a = VR Ny = 9) 6 vel £ xb = _1_ wee ee = KISX Nye STi " mabe txe | L =e ake a== om rwHew 2 «2 & BalasaAda « 3 2 9702/41/O/N/16 = 7 (a) Explain what is meant by a field of force. ‘tam “adic where...» prise ig x einaced a (b) State the type of field, oF fields, that will give rise to a force acting on (i) a moving uncharged particle, Grass tational oT (li) stationary charged particle, Crarstaboned.. dad... Llecknic 0) (iii) a charged particle moving at an angle to the field or fields. Ertauntabional.....Aechetc.....00ad Magmneh's2 WBalaizjzaal (c)_ An electron, mass m and charge -q, iS = speed vin a vacuum. It enters a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B, as shown in Fig. 7.1 uniform magnetic field flux density B “ps oh! Initially, the electron is moving at right-angles to the direction of the mognetic Be path of electron mass m, charg (i) Explain why the path of the electron in the magnetic field is the arc of a circle PFO nn OOO emdicula....Ap.... Spas. Ainechion nat yet .. Magnibod e aa Ora Speed {5.. combi: re DM aapnehe... FO Ce... Mh fphovicioy... a... canst peba) a. (3] yim leeCee o « 6 Maas Ad@) ¢ 3s wv (ii) Derive an expression, in terms of the radius r of the path, for the linear momentum of the electron. Show your working. Magnebre Gore provides the Conipetal Fosce ie = t, = mv APSem 2 a oO MBs 9702/42/0/N/16 = 9 Astiff wire is held horizontally between the poles of a magnet, as illustrated in Fig. 9.1 When a constant current of 6.0A is passed through the wire, there is an additional downwards: forceionitheimagnetot 0.080N. (a) On Fig. 9.1, draw an arrow on the wire to show the direction of the current in the wire. Explain your answer. Me....8....thaved... law. D)..oaePeo,..re WX Conduct yy..i6...uupwlend, $e... if... trn.. Etec ivegs VA. reanes, AADC a vee MIM aad =. AS At. £2. HA Vede ay (3)Cm 2 2 @ Bh Wal ¢ 3 When a constant current of 6.0A is pass6e = ‘the wire, there is an additional downwards force on the magnet of 0.080N. (b) The constant current of 6.0A is now replaced by a low-frequency sinusoidal current. The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of this current is 2.54. Calculate the difference between the maximum and the minimum forces now acting on the magnet peste eae Fol S=faxas eT PTT 0-08 : 6:0 A RAanay vehtes ao YW 0-08 BADE 2 OH ha fase dong B fppronte = = QKO'OUT 0:0914 difference = Nia]Sem 9702/42/0/N/14 6 _Asitiff straight copper wire XY is held fixed in a uniform magnetic field of flux density 26x 10°°T, as shown in Fig. 6.1 an uniform magnetic field flux density 26 x 10-°T The wire XY has length 4.7cm and makes an angle of 34° with the magnetic field. (a) Calculate the force on the wire due to a constant current of 5.4A in the wire f+ LUBSwo = SY XUPKID XK RSXIO 8 Gia2Y fat force = 2.89% (0 wN [2]Oo @& B ll a rs L (b) The current in the wire is now cho geealen alternating current of r.m.s. value 1.7 A. Determine the total variation in the force on the wire due to the alternating current. To tda x Doyo, =ARRYVFE stiff wire uniform magnetic field flux density2.6 x 10°T ‘Fox TIBSNO E = ABMOX FAI OXI x GY b= bY xen Variation = dx 14x15" variation in forces,O@oag ff 9702/42/0/N/14 7 (a) The mean value of an alternating current is zero. Lol Explain (1) why an alternating current gives rise to a heating effect in a resistor Curntent.... 2XAB....dia opps Airvechlns..undi. - using shat Koel hes. opel Jao. (2) (li) by reference to heating effect; Sf:s"E-ireant by the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of an a current. a ee CHYNA. SAN As. altetinatis ra buf REA SLER., [2] Ane,aS -) Sm 0 «a 7 Balaziadea «¢ 3 © # ® 9702/42/M/J/14 - = * 6 (a) Explain the use of a uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field for the selection of the velocity of a charged particle. You may draw a diagram if you wish. Mopetic Bela! tute Te papel Y Elect Fela down wane = Hedhotc...omd..magueb'e. Held 6. Lek. peared aula. .tp each..... otler....A... Change, Ue pale Ve. I Y 3 seo akc on eeSem 0 a @ MalaZiadea «= 3 (b) ons, alllofithe same isotope, are travel = ‘Vaéuum with a speed of 9.6% 10%ms™ The ions are incident normally on a uniform magnetic field of flux density.640mT. The ions follow semicircular paths A and B before reaching a detector, as shown in Fig. 6.1 Data for the diameters of the paths are shown in Fig. 6.2. path diameter/cm detector A 6.2 B 12.4 vacuum field, flux density 640mT The ions in path B each have charge’ +1.6x10-19C. (i) Determine the mass, in u, of the ions in path B. Moguehic Forte Phavider ‘tre covdsipetal frre AB = 1% | m= pbx Be 6K KRAVOKID = Loniok bx —% = &:6X a Ae =m = SEX = eq mass = venenatis [A] imio _detector sO —vacuum "—~uniform magnetic field, flux density 640mT (ii) Suggest and explain ae a reason for the difference in radii of the paths A and B x jons. 5 Sinn on lou One San hay = ey cha age: 13]Oo @& B ll a rs L 9702/42/M/J/17 9 —AHall probe is placed near to one end of a current-carrying solenoid, as shown in Fig. 9.1 et nDe — x Hall probe Srbloin ? } v (i) a Hall probe is made from a thin lies ce tease, Hay)..voltege ' Invemely properbanal ts Yietmens oy Mee... Thin sce will Ped a. ap ectten eltoge [2] (li) _ in order for consistent measurements of magnetic flux density to be made, the current in the probe must be constant. Hall. rettage oleterds pow. The cursed =, [1]2 e 3 vv # © Balaizizloic cg _t + | 7 x E-9 2 evBSem @ Walaiziadi@«¢ 3 © (b)_ The probe is now rotated through an we 360° about the axis XY. At angle @= 0, the Hall voltage V,, has maximum value Viyax: On Fig. 9.2, sketch the variation with angle @of the Hall voltage V,, for one complete revolution of the probe about axis XY. 3 + ) = aaa At " i 9 ; 0 360) | ale —Vwag 35 @e mo We '9702/42/M/J/16 = 9 A magnetic field of flux density B is normal to face PQRS of a slice of a conducting material, as shown in Fig. 9.1 A current I in the slice is normal to face QRZY of the slice. The Hall voltage V,, across the slice is given by the expression magnetic field BI flux density B a (a) (i) State what is represented by tt on {tua Ruy ber dorsi a havage cabieys 1) (ii) The symbol t represents the length of one side of the slice. Use letters from Fig. 9.1 to identity t > PK eB OY an Re aHee 2 «2 & MalaZizaqeal « 3. oeSem (b) (i) In general, the Hall voltage produced & ice of a metal is very small (ii) For a slice of the same dimensions with the same current and magnetic flux density, the Hall voltage produced in a semiconductor material is much larger. Suggest and explain why. 2) In some semiconducting materials, electrons are mainly responsible for conduction. In other semiconducting materials, holes,aremainly responsible for conduction. Suggest and explain the difference} Arr; trl conduction by electrons or by holes will have on the Hall voltage. [Total: 7]Sem 9702/41/M/J/16 A thin rectangular slice of aluminium has sides of length 65mm, 50mm and 0.10mm, as shown in 9 Fig. 9.1 Some of the corners of the slice are labelled A current I of 3,8Ajis normal to face RSXY of the slice. a direction o In aluminium, the numberof fee lelectrons perlunitvolumelisiGIOXTO° MN" — (magnetic Hold A Hall voltage V,, is developed across the slice and is given by the expression m7 7 jo.10mm v, = BL = F nt current q 38A mm A uniform magnetic field of magnetic flux density B equal to.0.13T is normal to face QRYZ of the aluminium slice in the direction from Q to P. (a) Use Fig. 9.1 to state the magnitude of the distance t = 0-40m™ (b) Calculate the magnitude of the Halll voltage Vi, \y = O13% 39 LOX OKO” x 16X15 peeSem 9702/04/M/J/08 6 A small rectangular coil ABCD contains 4140 ths of wire. The sides AB and BC of the coil are of lengths 4.5m and 2.8cm respectively, as shown in Fig. 6.1 The coil is held between the poles of a large magnet so that the coil can rotate about an axis through its centre. The magnet produces a uniform magnetic field of flux density B between its poles. When the current in the coil is 170mA, the maximum torque produced in the coil is 2.1.x 10°Nm. (a) For the coil in the position for maximum torque) State whether the plane of the coil is parallel to, or normal to, the direction of the magnetic field parallel (b) For the coil in the'position shown in #E,€. (i) side AB of the coil, pol-pace THK d Crmagnet axe =F XQ:BxXI0 (ii) side BC of the coil. Derenienerssreersoet (1] {falculate the magnitude of the force onHeo aa Ada@l- 3 © (c) Use your answer to (b)(i) to show thait te=simagnetic flux density B between the poles of the magnet is 70mT. fF = ILBxN 0.078 = 1OKIE2RYSRIO'x BX B >0:07T = 70x10’ T 2 ‘a magnet ti Ie. rowh = ave : i ye )) - ite) | od) , PryLe Hee Oo @ o Malai <3 (b) The magnetic flux density B at a distaneeesgfata long straight wire due to a current Tin the wire is given by the expression Be Hol, 2nx’ where ju, is the permeability of free space. = YITX 107 The current in wiré)1S SIO" and that in wireYis'7.0A"The separation of the wires is 2.5¢em. F =Ll (i) Calculate the force per unit length on\witte!¥’due to the current in wire X. = (HOXYNKIOXSO — Z Ax asx force per unitgaggth = =See G w 2 Malavida « 3 © (ii) +The currents in the wires are not@qugSs State and explain whether the forces on the two wires are equal in magnitude. we fT ce IM 1 NOR De AORN bac T HD oe Te Cuerent will arent ne Lanne | dol wire x EG) } horizontal fo / arn] “ae / | | wire ¥ Z / XASm 2 «2 @ BalaZiada « 3s. U & © Se reat von. Class She cbromagrelic Ticductron .= ox 2 w@ @ Malaviada <« 3 20.5 = Electromagnetic induction Candidates should be able tc 1 define magnetic flux as the product of the magnetic flux density and the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux density recall and use = BA understand and use the concept of magnetic flux linkage understand and explain experiments that demonstrate: ‘© that a changing magnetic flux can induce an emf. in a circuit ‘¢ that the induced em. isin such a direction as to oppose the change producing it ‘© the factors affecting the magnitude of the induced em, recall and use Faraday's and Lenz's laws Sf eleetronpagnetic inductione Bialaiziziaia Oo @ A oft! eta SE. i i de¥ agi ee uy 2 aa ae at Ek aOm 2 «a @ BaldZzadea « 3 Vv # @ Meade Pux (2) :~ 2 seb : Soin) ae p= (Bie axe piahend; fi |G = Besa |aS -) Om 2 «a @ BaldZzadea « 3 Vv # @ g = B A = Magnetic Fdcx @ B= Magyetic. Flur deusily” Bux a a inde Me ayuiet. 'n aguelic aprile ot Chor oxo © Moe Fue aoe cade gin 4 Tala =41 Weber Wolter’ u- >A wel = A Tah xweley Ane,So a a Baasaaa «os ce © Marnetic Flux linkone rt = Flug x Wor uns Mogyetic. Hux livkage = Bx N ye woo. rguekle + La 0.0 BRFee 2 2 © MalaiZiazloial 3.0 & ® * Te a dua tn Q Cal al is ee In Tha rack Peete uy Linkage Sets, B cath” Zut- X Gees &) oa nf ni At rn in a cal WH oF oneal fed Pe Sa d gps he aus frbaicny pee5 0 & ® deed “= Balaial md = BOR ' Ke Mebudie Ne 3 p= or a sy Ag ac a 2° atic fh re BR rt Tans N. AD Ata aah ae : Wau ciag Tre tan , Ane,ene SBeoad3 BMislaiz\zlaia) «= an f= seal pape 1 ee He ER ee tu tet ta zy xh ae a bi act peel 3s eek tis daar, (i6 [ee3 ee bah wet) choc:om 2 w@ @ Malavazdal « 3s v & ® 1 but Trducad | coal M4ide Bel oe olde tc Top view Back siew!- N (Hee 2 2 @ MalaZadea «¢ 3s v7 te be Eee, =F inSs = G2 @ @ BalaZiazlae| 3s. uU a fin equation tos epee Puy Unkoge » Tlux Minkoge = NBA Cost) 1 Taduted af = — (Rate, ah chavs 9th bea) sti a. (fe Linke’) =< GENE A (Sot) a — NBA 4 Ositt) t= NBA (Oo Sin wt) 5 [en =(Quoap aint] peeSm 0 wa 7 MalaZada « 3 © KS call Ire te avgfe td watr ‘re pte! (Oz wtHee 2 «2 7 Malizia « 2 if Eu cnet wm pee