ALT ACADEMY

and LIBRARY
4

FRANCESCA
 THE ULTIMATE CHEAT SHEET INORGANIC CHEMISTRY : -

Group V11 Diatomic →

Group II ) Reactivity decreases tithe group ) how P b- the

:
• • M -
which increases
group
-1 Repetitive trend in Chemical Properties

) M.P 4 Density Decreased the group

•
-

VOLATILITY decreases b- the

group
↳ Increasing Ionic Radius
↳ Strength of Mettalic Bond Decreases Ability of a
liquid or solid to form Vapours
↳ Outer electrons further away from Nucleus Increases b- the
VOLATILITY ✗ 1- group
get darker tithe group
colors of Elements IMF ✗ hoof e-
-9
REACTIONS OF GROUP II
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES /REACTIONS
Group II → On Hao Dilute Acids
, ,
.

1) Oxidising Power : -
Reduced !
Nat ✗2- Na✗
-

Reaction Reaction Reaction

/
Reaction with
with with withdilute dilute 11-2505
Group2 Oxygen water Ha
Strongest Oxidising Agent
DECREASES Nat → Na F- smaller radius { higher charge density
the Group
Nat In NAI Oxidising Agent
-

→ Weakest
Larger radius 4 lower charge density
EVIDENCE FOR OXIDISING POWER " DISPLACEMENT Reaction

More Reactive Halogen will displace a lev reactive.

Halogen from its compound

Fit NaCl Naf Cli

-

-
+

Reaction with Oxygen

Mcs, + '1202cg, Mocs, -
Fa → reduced (Oxidising agent )
C- → Oxidised (Reducing agent )
Moyes , + 02cg ,
→
My Ocs ) * White flame

Cacs, + 02cg, -
CaO Css * Brick Red
Cyclohexane
Sr a) +02cg ,
-
Sr Ocs ,
* Crimson Red

Baes +02cg , ,
-
Backs, * Green Mane
ii ) HYDROGEN HALIDES ( HX) Hat ✗a -
2HXcg ,

Reaction of WATER
Mcs, + 2h20m - MCOHkcagstlta.gs
Hatta '
→
2HFg ,
reads
explosively /rapidly both in light and dark
Mcat H2O cg, Mocs, + Hag
Hatch
91
"→2HClcg , Rapid reaction / Explodes in SUNLIGHT
2HBrcgi Slow
→
,
Hat Bra -
reaction upon heati
Hat II"→2HIcg, Slowest reaction / forms equilibrium upon heating
Reaction with Dilute acids es,

Mcs, + 2. Hclcag MCL Hacg DECREASES to the group

THERMAL
-
STABILITY
+
, , :
man
-

Metal + Acid - Salt + Ha

Mcs, + Hasoucag) -
Msoucag, Hag + ,
H -
✗ heated -
Covalent bond b/w H -
X breaks
③ Behavior of XO ✗COHL
, { ✗ coz with H2O 4 Acid

2h Hat ✗ F-
Mdakompomds Water Acid
Metal oxide + Acid
-
✗ → 2 slow -
High Temp →
Most stable
Metaloxidetltao →

hot
glass rod

¥±
-
XO (metal oxide ) Metal Hydroxide →
Salt + H2O →

✗Ocs>1-1-120 ✗( MgO + HNO, ⇐ → """ → "" "" → "" + stable

01¥
-

HF
,
MgCNOzktHa0
charge
→
→ no
"" " " "
"
""
✗(0h12 Metal Metal hydroxide + Acid Salt Hao
HCl - no charge
Hydroxide,+HaO→
B.town fumes slowly
- +

( Metal Hydroxide Metal Hydroxide can HF →

✗COH )z§HaO→XC0Hbcaq, (a(OHLTHCL-caclattfyffo.co

CACOH! + H2O →
Caco Hlacags
,
HI → Violet vapours forming immediately
;
.

/ WEAKER
metal
✗ coz Salt +1*0+02
Insoluble
""☒ Acid
Size of Halogens Increases & the group the
•

H X bond
gets
-

) Longer
-

•
cnet.ae carbonate, ,
Srcoztltasoy → Srs - -
-

TEST FOR HALIDE IONS

THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF NITRATES } CARBONATES
carbonates Nitrates it Agrrozcag, followed by Nltzcag ,

✗cos XO + CO ,
✗ CNO,) XO + Nong>+02 Halide # Precipitate o Check Solubility
Agt Soluble or Insoluble
-

✗ -

*
Decomposition Imperative increases down the group Agrrozcag ) dilute NH ,ag, } conc NH
}cag, Agnos can dilute NHK, cone Mtscag, Agnos can dilute NHK, cone Mtscaei
• Thermal Stability Increases down the
group Asa white Soluble Soluble AgBr cream P•¥Tibk Soluble AGI Yellow Insoluble Insoluble

SOLUBILITY OF Group II Sulfates { Hydroxides Ii ) Conc HasOy →

i )HXcg, initially - Acid ii) HX oxidised -
Xacg,→0×idisiY
Agent
Sulfates Hydroxides
Oxidising Power Cla Hzsoyconc Bra Is Hspoy
""
✗ ✗COHL + H2O ✗coltlacag 1 2 3 4 5
✗SO yes
,
+ H2O →

soya ,
,
→ ,

Solubility decreases tlhegp Solubility increases thegroup Cl NaCl + Hanson Na Hsou + Hclcg , WHITE Fumes
-

→ -

ORANGE
MgSOy 10% MGCOH )2 It Br i) KBri-Hzsoy-KHSOyi-HB.mg, Hasoy HBR Bra +502+11-20
-

→ - .
→ Iii ) + -
Vapours

Basoy BACOH)2→ 10% I ilmgI.tl/-aSOy-MgCSOyktHIcgilii1HaSOy+HI-sIa+HaS+HaO

-

- 1% →

VIOLET VAPOURS (Ing;) YELLOW SOLID (5) BAD SMELL

?⃝
 PERIOD -
TTT
→
PERIODICITY : -

The elements across the periods show repeating patterns in chemical 4 Physical properties

1 Atomic radius :-

Decreases - the Period

✓ •) Nuclear force of attraction increases → Increase in no of
protons
Distance from nucleus to valence e- → No of shells remain same

2 Ionic Radius :-
Decreases → the Period Cationic Radio dec ) Noofe and shell same
• Increase in no ofprotons
-

Nuclear force of attraction increases -

Anionic Radii dec •) Repulsion among electron decreases .

3 Electronic Conductivity Increases : -

- The Period

•
) Nato Al → Increases →
Sea of free moving electrons

simple Molecular → Low M P { B. P

Hs
-

energy required to break the bonds

Giant Molecular - Network of strong Covalent bonds

NatoAl_
↳ MP increases
↳ Strength of Mdfalic force Increases
↳ Inc in free moving electrons

Py Sg → VANDERWAAL FORCES
,
↳ HIGHER More No→ OF Electrons !

CHEMICAL PERIODICITY Metal + Cla

METAL + 02
Chemical Reaction
2 Nais> +
Cheap -0.2 Naclcs , → neutral
Equation Conditions Reactions FLAME Product
Mgcs , + Clay, →
Mgclacsi →
slightly acidic

2. Alcs, +302cg > → Alack cs) → Acidic

} Strongly
Sics) +242cg , →
Silly cw

Acidic
2 Pcs , +
Jang , → 2Pa, , ,,

ELEMENT WITH WATER Violent reaction

2 Nat 2h20 2 NaOH
CS)
,,,
→
cage
+
Hzcgy Bubbles of colorless Gas

METAL OXIDE + ACID / BASE CHLORIDE + WATER OXIDE + WATER

Chemical EQUATION NaCl H2O NaCl caq)

PH
+
Oxide →

Oxide Chemical EQUATION

PH= 7

Mgcbn + H2O →
Mgclacag ,

PH-6.5
-

"

Alack + Hao → [ AICHI ) ,

OH] +
HCL
PH =3

Sic , , + 2h20 → Si 02+4 HCL

PH = 2-3 whitesdid steansfumes

PCI, + 4h20 →
Hs Post HCL.gs
pH=1 steamy fumes