56. Cho hai dudng tron (@) 8 + y? — ae ~8y 411 20 va(@)ix 4 y? 2x 2y-2=0. a) Xét vi tri tuong doi cia (@)) va (@). b) Viét phuong trinh tiép tuyén chung ctia (€,) va (@). $7. Cho n diém Aj(xy; y1), Ap(X25 Yadoeers Ag (tps Yq) VAN + 1802 ky, kanes &, thoa man k, +k, +...+k, #0. Tim tap hop cdc diém M sao cho k nt K\MAL + MA +... +k, MA? =k. 58. Cho dudng cong (@,,) c6 phuong trinh : y+ (m+ QDx-(m+4ytmt1=0. a) Chimg minh rang (@,,) luon 1a dudng tron véi moi gid tri cha m. b) Tim tap hop tam cac dudng tn (G,,) khi m thay déi. c) Chtmg minh rang khi m thay déi, ho cdc dudng tron (G,,) luon di qua hai diém 6 dinh. d) Tim nhimg diém trong mat phang toa do ma ho (€,,) khong di qua di m lay bat ctf gid tri nao. §5. Dudng elip |- CAC KIEN THUC CO BAN 1. Dinh nghia. Cho hai diém c6'dinh F ,, Fx voi FF, = 2c (c > 0) va s6°2a (a > ¢). Elip (E) la tap hap cac diém M sao cho MF, + MF, = 2a. (E) = {M: MF, + MF, = 2a} F, Fy g0i la cdc tiéu diém, khodng cach FF = 2c goi la tiéu cw ctia (E). 2 2 2. Phuong trinh chinh tac ctia elip » “+ 2 =1 (a>b>0) (h. 83). a a =b' +c? : Ola tam déi xting ; Ox, Oy 1a cdc truc d6i xiimg, 109Truc lén A\Ay= 2a ném trén Ox; Truc bé B\B, = 2b nam trén Oy; Cée dinh : A\(-a ; 0), A(a; 0), By (0 ; —b), Bo(O0 ; b) ; Hai tiéu diém : F\(-c 30), Fy(c 3 0); Tam sai e=<; Hinh 83 a Phuong trinh cdc canh cia hinh chit nhat co sd ;x=+a,y=+b; Ban kinh qua tiéu cia diém M(xy yyy) € (BE): c € MF, Sat ely = at oxy 5 MP, = a~ eXy = 4-7 Xm. Il- DE BAI 59, 60. 110 Cho dudng tron (@,) tam Oj, ban kinh Ry va dudng tron (,) tam Oy, ban kinh Ry. Bist . a dung tron (€) nam trong dudng tron (€) “ va tam cua hai dudng tron khong tring nhau (h. 84). Tim tap hgp tam cua céc dung tron tiép xtic ngoai voi (@) va tigp xtc trong voi (€). Hinh 84 Xac dinh tam doi xing, dO dai hai truc, tigu cu, tam sai, toa do cdc tiéu diém va cdc dinh cua méi elip sau : 2 2 ay eet; d) 4x7 + 16y?- 120; m5 16 ear +3y?=2; f) mx’ + ny’ =1(n>m>0,me#n). Vé elip c6 phuong trinh 6 cau a).61, Lap phuong trinh chinh tac ctia elip (F) biét a) A(O ; ~2) 1a mot dinh va F(1 ; 0) 1a mot tieu diém ctia (E) ; b) F\(-7 ; 0) 1a mot tiéu diém va (£) di qua M(-2 ; 12) ; c) Tiéu cu bang 6, tam sai bang 3 : d) Phuong trinh céc canh cla hinh chit nhat co sé lax = +4, ) ¢) (E) di qua hai diém M(4 ; V3) va N(2 V2: -3). 62. Mat Trang va cdc vé tinh cla Trai Dat chuyén dong theo quy dao Ia céc piémean dia Ve tinh dudng clip ma tam Trai Dat 12 mot tigu diém. Diém gan Trai Dat nhat trén quy dao goi 1a diém can dia, diém xa Trai Dat nhat trén quy dao goi la diém vién dia (h. 85). Hink 85 Diém vién dia a) Biét khoang cach tir diém vién dia va diém can dia tren quy dao cia mot vé tinh dén tam Tréi Dat thi tu 1a m va n. Ching minh rang tam sai cla quy dao nay bing —" m+n” b) Biét do dai truc In va do dai truc bé cia quy dao Mat Trang 1a 768806km va 767746km. Tinh khoang cach lén nhat va khoang cach bé nhat giita tam Trai Dat va tam cla Mat Trang. 2 63. Tim nhitng diém tren elip (E) : > +y? =1 thoa man a) Cé ban kinh qua tieu diém trai bang hai lan bén kinh qua tiéu diém phai. b) Nhin hai tiéu diém dui mot géc vuong. c) Nhin hai tigu diém dudi géc 60°. 2 2 64. Cho clip (E) : => + a =1(a>b > 0). Goi Fy, Fy li cac tigu diém va Ay, 3 ee Ap lA cdc dinh trén truc 1én cua (£). M 1a diém tuy ¥ trén (£) cé hinh chiéu trén Ox 1a H. Chtmg minh rang a) MF. MF, + OM? =a’ +b"; lll65. 66. 67. 4(OM* — b*); Cho elip (E) c6 phuong trinh = a) Tim toa do cc tiéu diém, cdc dinh ; tinh tam sai va é elip (E). b) Xac dinh m dé dudng thing d : y = x + m va (E) c6 diém chung. c) Viét phuong trinh duéng thang A di qua M(1; 1) va cat (E) tai hai diém A, B sao cho M 1a tung diém cia doan thing AB Cho elip (E) a) Chg minh ring v6i moi M thudc (E), ta luén c6 b< OM 1 bign elip (E): => +25 = 1 thanh dudng tron (12° + y= 0° ab 70. Tim anh cia dudng tron (A qua phép co vé truc Ox theo hé sé & trong méi truong hop sau 2 VOivsy=k= Fi G22 +? 36=0,k= 2, (A: 1) + (42 34, karl 2 2 anh ciia clip So = 71. Tim anh cia clip = +75 = | qua phép co vé truc Ox theo hé sé k trong mOi trudng hop sau : aked; wkev2s Okay §6. Duéng hypebol 1-CAC KIEN THUC CO BAN 1. Dinh nghia. Cho hai diém c6 dink Fy, F v6i F Fy = 2c (c > 0) va hang s6 2a (a < c). Hypebol (H) la tdp hop cdc diém M sao cho \MF, ~ MF,| = 2a. (A) = {M :|MF, - MP, = 2a} F \, Fp goi la cdc tiéu diém, khodng cach F Fy = 2c goi la tiéu cu cia (H) 8A. BT HINH HOC (NC) 11372. 73. 2 2 2. Phuong trinh chinh tac ca hypebol : ~ - >> = 1 (h. 87) a c =a +b? 5 O la tam doi xing; yA Ox, Oy la cdc truc doi xing. Truc thuc A,Ay = 2a nam trén Ox. Truc do BB, = 2b nam trén Oy. Hai dinh : A\(-a; 0), Ag(a; 0). Hai tiéu diém ; F\(-c ; 0), Fy (c 0). Tam sai e= ©. Hinh 87 a Phuong trinh cdc canh cua hinh chit nhdt co sé: x= 4a, y=tb. b 42x; a Phuong trinh hai duong tiém can : Ban kinh qua tiéu ctia diém M(xy 3 yy) € (AD): MF, = |a + exy| = a+ Say + MB, =|a~exy| DE BAI (h.88) Cho hai dudng tron (E,) va (E) nam ngoai nhau va cé ban kinh khong bang nhau. Chtmg minh ring tam cia cdc dudng tron cing tiép xtic ngoai hoac cing tigp xtc trong voi (@,) va (@) nam trén mot hypebol vai céc tiéu Hinh 88 diém 1a tam cla céc dudng tron (@,) va (@,). Tam d6i ximg cla hypebol nay nam 6 dau ? Xac dinh d6 dai truc thyc, truc ao ; tiéu cy ; 14m sai ; toa dé cdc tiéu diém, cdc dinh va phuong trinh céc dudng tiém can cia méi hypebol cd phuong trinh sau 8B- BT HINH HOC (NC)74, 76. 77. 78. d) 16x? - 9y = 16; 2 e) ra c) 16x? - 25y* = 400; f) mx? — ny? =1(m>0,n>0) Vé cdc hypebol 6 phuong trinh & cau a), b) va e) Lap phuong trinh chinh téc cha hypebol (/) biét a) Mot tiéu diém 18 (5 ; 0), mot dinh 1a (— 4; 0) ; b) Do dai truc 4o bang 12, tam sai bang 3 ; c) Mot dinh 18 (2 ; 0), tam sai bang 3 ; d) Tam sai bang V2, (H) di qua diém A(-S ; 3) ; e) (H) di qua hai diém P(6 ; -1) va Q(-8 ; 2V2). . Lap phuong trinh chinh tac cia hypebol (H) biét a) Phuong trinh cdc canh cita hinh chit nhat co so 1A x = 1 =.ystl: zvatls b) Mot dinh 1a (3 ; 0) va phuong trinh dudng tron ngoai tiép hinh chit nhat co sola x? +y= 16; ©) Mot tigu diém 1a (-10 ; 0) va phuong tinh céc dutng tigm can iy =+ = : d) (H) di qua N(6 ; 3) va géc gitta hai duémg tiem can bang 60°. Cho s6 m > 0. Chimg minh ring hypebol (1) 6 cac tiéu diém F\(-m ; -m), F,(m ; m) va gid tri tuyét doi ca higu cdc khodng cdch tir méi diém ten (H) tdi cdc ti¢u diém 1a 2m, c6 phuong trinh : xy 2 2 Be Cho hypebol (H) = 1. Ching minh ring tich céc khoang cach tir ‘ apy mot diém tuy ¥ trén (H) dén hai dudng tiém can bang are at : 1 Cho hai diém A(-1; 0), B(; 0) va dutmg thing A: x- 7 = 0 115a) Tim tap hop cdc diém M sao cho MB = 2MH, voi H 1a hinh chiéu vung gée cua M trén A. b) Tim tap hop cc diém N sao cho céc dudng thing AN va BN cé tich cée hé s6 goc bang 2. -—4=0 thoa man 79, Tim cdc diém trén hypebol (H) : 4x7 a) Nhin hai tiéu diém dudi goc vudng ; b) Nhin hai tidu diém dudi gc 120° ; c) Cé toa dé nguyén. 2 . 80. Cho hypebol (H) :~-2- = 1. Goi Fy, F2 1a cdc tiu diém va A), Ay a @ céc dinh cia (H). M 1a diém tuy ¥ ten (#2) c6 hinh chiéu trén Ox la N, Chimg minh rang a) OM? ~ MF\. MF, =a -b"; b) (MF, + MF)’ =4(0M? +b’); c) NM? =" NA, NA). 2 81. Cho hypebol (#) : =1 va dung thang A: x -y+m=0. 5 a) Chitng minh rang A lun cat (H) tai hai diém M, N thude hai nhénh khac nhau cita (H) (yy < ty) 5 b) Goi F; la tigu diém trai va F 18 tigu diém phai cita (1), X4c dinh m dé FLN = 2F\M. ? = 1. Dudng tron (F cat Ox tai A(-1 : 0) va B(1 ; 0). Dudng thang d c6 phuong trinh x =m (-1 0 goi la tham sé tiéu cua (P). 2. Phuong trinh chinh tde cla parabol: y* = 2px (p > 0) (h. 89). Dinh : O(0; 0) ; Tham sé tiéu p ; Ay Truc doi xing : Ox ; 2 P M Tiéu diém F =| 5:0) ; \2 4 ~ ONE x smo chud -ye_P Duong chudn A: x =—2 A Hinh 89 ll DE BAI 84. Cho dudng tron (& tam O ban kinh R va dudng thang A khong cat (A. Chimg minh rang tap hop tam céc dudng tron tiép xtic véi A va tiép xtic ngoai v6i (FW nam trén mot parabol. Tim ti¢u diém va dung chudn cia parabol d6, 85. X4c dinh tham sé tiéu, toa d6 dinh, tiéu diém va phutong trinh dung chudn ctla cdc parabol sau a)y? =4y; c) Sy? = 12x b) 2y°- r= 0; d)y=ax (a>0). Vé parabol cé phuong trinh 6 cau a) 11786. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 118 Lap phuong trinh chinh tac cda parabol (P) biét a) (P) c6 tiéu diém F(1 ; 0): b) (P) c6 tham s6 tieu p = 5; c) (P) nhan dudng thing d : x = -2 1a dudng chudn ; d) Mot day cung cia (P) vudng géc véi truc Ox 06 do dai bing 8 va khoang céch tix dinh O cia (P) dén day cung nay bang 1. a) Ding dinh nghia parabo! dé lap phuong trinh cia parabol 6 tiéu diém F(2; 1) va dudng chudn A: x+y+1=0. b 1-b + 4ac) 2a’ 4a b) Ching minh ring parabol (P) cé tiéu diém F 14.8? —4ac + = 0 c6 phuong trinh y = ax? + bx +c. 4a dutmg chudn A: y Cho parabol (P) : 3 noi tiép (P) (tam gidc cé ba dinh nim tén (P)), biét mot dinh cia tam gidc tring voi dinh cua (P).va truc tam tam gidc tring véi tiéu diém cua (P). = 4x. Lap phuong trinh c4c canh cia mot tam gide Cho parabol (P) : y* = 2px (p > 0) va dudmg thang A di qua tiéu diém F cia (P) va cat (P) tai hai diém M va N. Goi a = (i, FM) (0< a< 2). a) Tinh FM, FN theo p va a; b) Chitng minh rang khi A quay quanh F thi 7M hong déi ; 1 1 MEN * c) Tim gid tri nhé nhat cia tich FM.FN khi a thay déi. Cho parabol (P) c6 dudng chudn A va tiéu diém F. Goi M, N 1a hai diém trén (P) sao cho dudng tron dudng kinh MN tip xuic vi A. Ching minh ring dudng thing MN di qua F. Cho parabol (P) : y* = x va hai diém A(1 ; -1), BQ ; 3) nam trén (P). Goi M Ia diém thuéc cung AB ciia (P) (phan cia (P) bi chin bai day AB). Xéc dinh vi tri cha M trén cung AB sao cho tam gidc MAB cé dién tich Ton nhat,92. Qua mot diém A c6 dinh trén truc d6i xiimg cla parabol (P), ta vé mot dutng thang cat (P) tai hai digém M va N. Ching minh rang tich cdc khoang cach tir M va N t6i truc d6i xing ciia (P) 1a hang so. 93. Trén hinh 90, canh DC cia hinh chit nhat ABCD duoc chia thanh n doan bing nhau béi cdc diém chia Cy, Coy.04 Cy-yy canh AD cing duge chia thanh n doan bing nhau béi cac diém chia Dy, Dyseres Dy. Goi Ty 1a giao diém Hinh 90 cha doan AC, véi dudng thing qua D, va song song vi AB. Chimg minh ring cdc diém I, (k = 1, 2, n— 1) nam trén parabol cé dinh A va truc doi xting 1a AB. §8. Ba duéng cénic 1-CAC KIEN THUC CO BAN I. Dinh nghia. Cho diém F cé dinh, mot duang thdng & cé dinh khong di qua F va mét s& duong e. Conic (C) ta tép hop cae diém M sao cho MF d(M; A) ~~ \_ Say MF _ | (l= (Maa 7S) Diém F goi la tiéu diém, A goi la dudng chudn va e goi la tam sai cla conic (C). 2. Cho cénic (C) voi tam sai e. Khi dé: (C) laelipme <1; (C) Ia parabol @ e = 1; (C) la hypebol > e > 1I 94, 95. 120 2 2 ¥ 3. Cho elip (E): “455 = 1 (a> b> 0). © Duong chudn A, ting véi tiéu diém trai F \(-c 50) €6 phuong trinh : a &e * xe-Ss-t; ec Duong chudn Ay ing voi tiéu diém phdi Fx(c ; 0) c6 phuong trinh a a yo fa ec , . MF, ME, Vv ém | bc (E) tht = 2 se cl. © Voi moi diém M thugc (E) thi AMA) > aitsA,) e< 2 2 2 a ob © Duong chudn A, ting voi tiéu diém trai F \(-c ; 0) c6 phuong trinh : MK MB, d(M;A,) d(M;A,) © Vdi moi diém M thudc (H) thi =e>l. DE BAI Xac dinh toa do tiéu diém, phuong trinh dudng chudn cia cdc conic sau : 2 2 2 2 oy . oy . 2 agra : a5 0 1; c)y' = 6x. Viét phuong trinh cua cac dung cénic trong mdi trudng hgp sau : a) Tiéu diém F(3 ; 1), dong chudn A: x = 0 va tam sai e = 1. b) Tiéu diém F(—1 ; 4), dudng chuan ting véi tiéu diém F 1a A: 1 tam sai e= >. 2 c) Tigu diém F(2 ; -5), dudng chuan img voi tiéu diém F 1a A: y = x va tam sai e =2; d) Tiéu diém F(—3 ; — 2) , dung chuain img voi tieu diém F 1a A:x-2y+1=0vatam saie = V3.96. Ching minh ring méi dudng chudn cia hypebol Iuén di qua chan cac duong vu6ng géc ké tir tigu diém tuong ting téi hai dudng tiém can. x 97. Mot duimg thang di qua tiéu diém F(c ; 0) cua elip (E) : (a> b>0) va cat n6 tai hai diém A, B. Ching minh rang dudng tron dutmg kinh AB khong cé diém chung voi dudng chudn : x = <. 2 98. Cho hypebol (H) : ~~ ro = 1 va F(c ; 0) [a mot tieu diém cla (H). Mot a b’ duimg thing di qua F va cat (H) tai hai diém A, B. Ching minh ring duémg tron duémg kinh AB cat duéng chudn ; x = 5 cia (H). @ 99. Cho A, B 1a hai diém trén parabol (P) : y? = 2px sao cho téng cdc khoang cach tir A va B tdi dutmg chudn cia (P) bing do dai AB. Ching minh rang AB luon di qua tigu diém cia (P). =||BGi tap 6n tap chuong Ill 100. Cho tam gidc ABC c6 A(-1; 1), BQ3; 2), C(-1/2; -1) a) Tinh cdc canh ciia tam gidc ABC. Tir dé suy ra dang cia tam gidc ; b) Viét phuong trinh dudng cao, dudng trung tuyén va dudng phan gide trong cla tam gidc ké tir dinh A ; c) Xac dinh toa do cla tam dudng tron ngoai tiép va tam dudng tron ndi tip tam gidc ABC. 101. Cho hai dung thang A, (m+ Dx-2y-m-1=0; Ag ix +(m—Dy-mr=0. a) Tim toa do giao diém cita A, va Ay. b) Tim diéu kién cia m dé giao diém d6 nam trén truc Oy. 102. Cho ba diém A(0 ; a), B(b ; 0), C(c ; 0) (a, b, ¢ 1A ba 86 khac 0 va b # c). Dudng thang y = m cat céc doan thang AB va AC lan lugt 6M va N. 121